Java Networking

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 Topics
● Basic Concepts on Networking
– IP Address
– Protocol
– Ports
– The Client/Server Paradigm
– Sockets

● The Java Networking Package

– The ServerSocket and the Socket Class
– The MulticastSocket and the DatagramPacket Class
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 Basic Concepts on Networking
● The Internet
– A global network of computers connected together in
various ways
– Remains functional despite of diversity of hardware
and software connected together
● Possible through communication standards defined
and conformed to
● Guarantee compatibility and reliability of
communication

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 Basic Concepts on Networking: IP
Address
● Logically similar to the traditional mailing address
– An address uniquely identifies a particular object

● Each computer connected to the Internet has a

unique IP address

● A 32-bit number used to uniquely identify each

computer connected to the Internet
– 192.1.1.1
– docs.rinet.ru
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 Basic Concepts on Networking:
Protocol
● Why protocols?
– Different types of communication occurring over the
Internet
– Each type of communication requires a specific and
unique protocol

● Definition
– Set of rules and standards that define a certain type
of Internet communication
– Describes the following information:
● Format of data being sent over the Internet 5
 Basic Concepts on Networking:
Protocol
● Not entirely new to us. Consider this type of
conversation:
"Hello."
"Hello. Good afternoon. May I please speak at Joan?"
"Okay, please wait for a while."
"Thanks."
...
– Social protocol used in a telephone conversation
– Gives us confidence and familiarity of knowing what
to do

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 Basic Concepts on Networking:
Protocol
● Some important protocols used over the Internet
– Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
● Used to transfer HTML documents on the Web
– File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
● More general compared to HTTP
● Allows you to transfer binary files over the Internet
– Both protocols have their own set of rules and
standards on how data is transferred
– Java provides support for both protocols

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Basic Concepts on Networking: Ports
● Protocols only make sense when used in the
context of a service
– HTTP protocol is used when you are providing Web
content through an HTTP service
– Each computer on the Internet can provide a variety
of services

● Why Ports?
– The type of service must be known before
information can be transferred

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Basic Concepts on Networking: Ports
● Definition:
– A 16-bit number that identifies each service offered
by a network server

● Using a particular service to establish a line of

communication through a specific protocol
– Need to connect to the appropriate port

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Basic Concepts on Networking: Ports
● Standard ports
– Numbers specifically associated with a particular
type of service
– Examples:
● The FTP service is located on port 21
● The HTTP service is located on port 80
– Given port values below 1024

● Port values above 1024

– Available for custom communication
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Basic Concepts on Networking: The
Client/Server Paradigm
● Basis for Java networking framework

● Involves two major elements:

– Client
● Machine in need of some type of information
– Server
● Machine storing information and waiting to give it out

● Scenario:
– Client connects to a server and queries for certain
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Basic Concepts on Networking: The
Client/Server Paradigm

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 Basic Concepts on Networking:
Sockets
● Definitions:
– Software abstraction for an input or output medium
of communication
– Communication channels that enable you to transfer
data through a particular port
– An endpoint for communication between two
machines
– A particular type of network communication used in
most Java network programming
– Java performs all of its low-level network
communication through sockets
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 The Java Networking Package
● The java.net package

● Provides classes useful for developing networking

applications

● Some classes in the package:

– ServerSocket
– Socket
– MulticastSocket
– DatagramPacket
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 The ServerSocket Class
● Provides the basic functionalities of a server

● Has four constructors

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The ServerSocket Class: Methods

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 The ServerSocket Class: Example
1 import java.net.*;
2 import java.io.*;
3 public class EchoingServer {
4 public static void main(String [] args) {
5 ServerSocket server = null;
6 Socket client;
7 try {
8 server = new ServerSocket(1234);
9 //1234 is an unused port number
10 } catch (IOException ie) {
11 System.out.println("Cannot open socket.");
12 System.exit(1);
13 }
14 //continued...
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 The ServerSocket Class: Example
15 while(true) {
16 try {
17 client = server.accept();
18 OutputStream clientOut =
19 client.getOutputStream();
20 PrintWriter pw =
21 new PrintWriter(clientOut, true);
22 InputStream clientIn =
23 client.getInputStream();
24 BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new
25 InputStreamReader(clientIn));
26 pw.println(br.readLine());
27 } catch (IOException ie) {}}}
28 }
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 The Socket Class
● Implements a client socket

● Has eight constructors

– Two of which are already deprecated

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The Socket Class: Methods

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 The Socket Class: Example
1 import java.io.*;
2 import java.net.*;
3

4 public class MyClient {

5 public static void main(String args[]) {
6 try {
7 /* Socket client = new Socket("133.0.0.1",
8 1234); */
9 Socket client =
10 new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(),
11 1234);
12 //continued...

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 The Socket Class: Example
13 InputStream clientIn =
14 client.getInputStream();
15 OutputStream clientOut =
16 client.getOutputStream();
17 PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(clientOut,
18 true);
19 BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new
20 InputStreamReader(clientIn));
21 BufferedReader stdIn = new BufferedReader(new
22 InputStreamReader(System.in));
23 System.out.println("Type a message for
24 the server: ");
25 //continued...
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 The Socket Class: Example
26 pw.println(stdIn.readLine());
27 System.out.println("Server message: ");
28 System.out.println(br.readLine());
29 pw.close();
30 br.close();
31 client.close();
32 } catch (ConnectException ce) {
33 System.out.println("Cannot connect to
34 the server.");
35 } catch (IOException ie) {
36 System.out.println("I/O Error.");
37 }
38 }
39 } 23
 The MulticastSocket Class
● Useful for applications that implement group
communication

● IP addresses for a multicast group lies within the

range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
– Address 224.0.0.0 is reserved and should not be
used

● Has three constructors

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The MulticastSocket Class: Methods

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 The MulticastSocket Class
● Sending a message to a group
– Should be a member of the multicast group by using
the joinGroup method
– Use the send method
– Once done, can use the leaveGroup method

● The send method

– Need to pass a DatagramPacket object

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 The DatagramPacket Class
● Used to deliver data through a connectionless
protocol

● Problem: delivery of packets is not guaranteed

● Has six constructors

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The DatagramPacket Class: Methods

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 The MulticastSocket Class: Server
Example
1 import java.net.*;
2 public class ChatServer {
3 public static void main(String args[])
4 throws Exception {
5 MulticastSocket server =
6 new MulticastSocket(1234);
7 InetAddress group =
8 InetAddress.getByName("234.5.6.7");
9 //getByName- returns IP address of given host
10 server.joinGroup(group);
11 boolean infinite = true;
12 //continued
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 The MulticastSocket Class: Server
Example
13 /* Continually receives data and prints them */
14 while(infinite) {
15 byte buf[] = new byte[1024];
16 DatagramPacket data =
17 new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
18 server.receive(data);
19 String msg =
20 new String(data.getData()).trim();
21 System.out.println(msg);
22 }
23 server.close();
24 }
25 } 30
 The MulticastSocket Class: Client
Example
1 import java.net.*;
2 import java.io.*;
3 public class ChatClient {
4 public static void main(String args[])
5 throws Exception {
6 MulticastSocket chat = new MulticastSocket(1234);
7 InetAddress group =
8 InetAddress.getByName("234.5.6.7");
9 chat.joinGroup(group);
10 String msg = "";
11 //continued...

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 The MulticastSocket Class: Client
Example
12 System.out.println("Type a message for
13 the server:");
14 BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new
15 InputStreamReader(System.in));
16 msg = br.readLine();
17 DatagramPacket data = new
18 DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0,
19 msg.length(), group, 1234);
20 chat.send(data);
21 chat.close();
22 }
23 }
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 Summary
● Basic Concepts on Networking
– IP Address
– Protocol
– Ports
– The Client/Server Paradigm
– Sockets

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 Summary
● The Java Networking Package
– ServerSocket
– Socket
– MulticastSocket
– DatagramPacket

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