Java and Database

Contents

• Client-Server
• JDBC
• JDBC Drivers
• JDBC API
Client-Server

The Architecture
 Introduction

• A Client is defined as a requester of services

and a Server is defined as the provider of
services.
• The term client/server was first used in the
1980s in reference to personal computers
(PCs) on a network.
• The client/server architecture is a versatile
and modular infrastructure.
 Cont…

• It is intended to improve usability, flexibility,

interoperability, and scalability of an
application.
 Advantages

• This approach introduced a DB server to

replace the file server.
• Using a relational database management
system (DBMS), user queries could be
answered directly.
• This architecture reduced network traffic by
providing a query response rather than total
file transfer.
 Cont…

• It improves multi-user updating through a GUI

front end to a shared database.
• In this architectures standard query language
(SQL) statements are typically used to
communicate between the client and server.
 Architectures

• This architecture of Client-Server is referred

to as Application Tier architecture.
• Few well known are
• Two-Tier
• Three-Tier
• N-Tier
Two-Tier Architecture

Client Tier Data Tier

GUI Client Database

Storage
 Three-Tier Architecture

Client Tier Middle Tier Data Tier

Web Client
Business Database
Logic Storage
GUI Client
 N-Tier Architecture

Client Tier Middle Tier Data Tier

Business
Logic
Web Client
Transaction Database
Manager Storage
GUI Client

Message
Server
JDBC

The API
 Introduction

• Java Database Connectivity API

• API=Application Programmer’s Interface
• Java specific PI to Databases
• Compare to ODBC
 Cont…

• JDBC is overall API for connecting to

databases
• Low-level
• JDBC Driver developers use JDBC to make JDBC
drivers
• High-level
• Java developers use JDBC to call JDBC driver to
access databases
 Why JDBC???

• DBMS independent interface

• generic SQL database access framework
• uniform interface to different data sources
 JDBC – Just another API

• It’s a series of inter-connected classes & interfaces

• It’s just Java
• JDBC drivers actually do all of the real work
• Contain routines for connecting, querying, etc for
its database
• Explicitly or Implicitly create instance of driver
JDBC Drivers

Types
 Types of JDBC Drivers

• There are four basic types of drivers available

for JDBC
• Each one has a specific use
• Each one has specific limitation
 Type I

• This driver type is the JDBC-ODBC bridge

• It is limited to running locally
• Must have ODBC installed on computer
• Must have ODBC driver for specific database
installed on computer
• Generally can’t run inside an applet because
of Native Method calls
JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver

Client Machine

Java Application

JDBC-ODBC Bridge
Server Machine

ODBC Driver Database

Server

Vendor DB Library DB
 Type II

• Native Database library driver

• Uses Native Database library on computer to
access database
• Generally can’t run inside an applet because of
Native Method calls
• Must have database library installed on client
• example: DB-lib for Sybase, Oracle, MS-SQL
server
Native-API/Partly Java Driver

Client Machine

Java Application

Native-API/ Partly Server Machine

Java Driver

Database
Server

Vendor DB Library DB
 Type III

• 100% Java Driver, NO native methods

• Does NOT require pre-installation on client
• Can be downloaded and configured ‘on-the-fly’
just like any Java class file
• Uses a proprietary protocol for talking with a
middleware server
• Middleware server converts from proprietary
calls to DBMS specific calls
 Net-Protocol/All-Java Driver

Client Machine

Java Application

Server Machine
Database
Server
Net-Protocol/ All- Middleware/
Java Driver Application
Server DB
 Type IV

• 100% Java Driver, NO native methods

• Does NOT require pre-installation on client
• Can be downloaded and configured ‘on-the-
fly’ just like any Java class file
• Unlike Type III driver, talks DIRECTLY with
DBMS server
• Converts JDBC calls directly to database
specific calls
Native-Protocol/Pure Java Driver

Client Machine

Java Application

Server Machine

Database
Server

Native-Protocol/
Pure Java Driver DB
 Which driver to use???

• Type I driver is handy for prototyping

• Type III driver adds security, caching, and
connection control
• Type III and Type IV drivers need no pre-
installation
• Preferred by 9 out of 10 Java developers:
Type IV
 JDBC Portability

• Type IV and Type III drivers are truly portable

• Other two aren’t portable across OS platforms
JDBC API

Programming
 Introduction

• JDBC API package is java.sql

• There are few steps to be remembered
• Identifying appropriate driver
• Registering driver to the driver manager
• Requesting connection to the manager
• Creating statement
• Getting the result back
 Identifying driver

• There are four JDBC driver types

• We’ll be either using I or IV
• For Type-I the driver name is
• sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver
• For Type-IV Oracle driver is
• oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
• For Type-IV DB2 driver is
• com.ibm.db2.jdbc.DB2Driver
 Where to find the driver

• JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver comes along the

JDK
• Oracle driver can be found in oracle installed
directory hierarchy
• ora9x/jdbc/lib/classes12.jar
• IBM DB2 driver can be found in db2 installed
directory hierarchy
• SQLLIB/java/db2java.jar
 Registering driver

• There are couple of ways to register a JDBC

driver to the driver manager
• Class.forName()
• It takes the classpath as a String
• DriverManager.registerDriver()
• It needs the handle of the driver instance
 Requesting connection

• Now here onwards we’ll be using interfaces

from the java.sql package
• DriverManager class method getConnection()
is used to request the connection
• Connection is an interface the handle of which
reference to the connection given by the
manager
 Cont…

• For getting connection we have to provide a

URL which differ from driver to driver
• Jdbc-Odbc bridge driver
• jdbc:odbc:dsn_name
• Oracle Type-IV driver
• jdbc:oracle:thin:@host:port:dbname
• IBM DB2 Type-IV driver
• jdbc:db2://host:port//dbname
 Creating statement

• Here it doesn’t only means writing a SQL

query it also has more in it
• Three types of statements can be created
using JDBC API
• Statements can be only after getting the
connection object
• Connection interface provides methods to
create statements of all types
 Cont…

• Statement (I)
• For performing sql queries and Batch of
statements
• PreparedStatement (I)
• For creating Pre-Compiled sql queries
• CallableStatement (I)
• For calling Stored Procedures and functions
 Getting Result

• For getting and working with the result of the

SQL query we have an interface in out API
• ResultSet (I)
• It stores the result of the executed statement.
• It is keeping the record in a logical table format i.e.
in rows and cols
Thank You

Zubair Shaikh
[email protected]
Presentation Version 1.1