PETUR J. kATZENSTEIN, Eel "The Ca lfare of Nadiowes | Security Noross Cdentidy m work Polidyes” Columbia Unversity Press 996 1+ Introduction: Alternative Perspectives on National Security Peter J. Katzenstein eis hy yw proms ke of th idee “afer an ended pode ppv ies eho te tof he el yb ne ‘Whrhe apis po oe ch ‘This isa book writen by scholar of inernational relations rumaging ih the “gaveyard” of sociological sie, Since resent and teaching i 8 eminently socal process ti peehapsundestandable that changing poi veal circumstances and inlet) fishiont reopen controversies that ppeared some to have been already sted This process can lend inthe bes of circumstances, to what we might call intellectual peogess: the diminishing Fsiopy loge abby pase, ciclarity in reasoning. and v2- Uousrness of insight Put briefly this book makes problematic the state interests dat pre dominant explanations of ssionl sect often tke for ganed For ‘example, in the absence of eosratepc or economic sake. why do the incre of some powerful states in the 1990s, but notin che 1930s oF the 1890s, make thems intervene mia to protect the lines ad welfare of Ut mami amnion thyitigns other cha their nn? Why did he Soviet Union consider ero be in its inezest to withdraw from Esser Europe inthe lave stages ofthe Cold War, hil it had rece auch suggestions many times before? ‘Answers co such questions are nonobvious and important. Sate ineress Ado not exis to be “iscovered™ by sel meresed, tinal ates. Lterests tre constructed though 2 proces of soc interietion. “Defining.” not “"efening" the nacional inter is what this book secks to understand? Ince contexcofa bipolar. ideological sruaf. the Cl War made rl atively unproblematic some of the cultura actor affecting national sect ti. Theories thacabsractd from these Factors fered imporan nigh: Now, wit the end ofthe Cold War, che mix of factors afetng national, security is changing. Isues dealing wth norms, denies, and clue te beaming mare salient. An initusional perspective pert ws to invent sate mote closely the context both domestic and interntiona, ia which sates and other actre etre owe, “This book offers asociologial perspective on thepolitico ational eeu sy targus that scureyicerets are defined by scot who respond oc tual factors. Thsoes or mean that power, conventionally undertod at ‘rater cpabilies,suimsportnt fran anaysi of ational eat, Sates and ther politi accors undoubted sec material power o dfend thee “sufi: Buc what othe kinds of power and securiy do nates sec and for “which purpois? Do dhe meanings thas tare and ober poll arore aac {0 power and secur help ws explain theirbehavion Answerer such que ions, his book argues, rs issues of bck heary and evidence f (Our poinc of deparutis influenced greatly bythe inability ofall the- 2+ Per. Kaeo ofes of international eeations, both mainstream and critica, 1 help ws ‘explsin filly what John Mucler apy calle + quie exter the de tte change in weld pliers he i TOROS SESE hae po Foundlyafeaed the environment forthe national secuty of eaten The Soviet Union has cease to eit and is sucesor states, organized in the {38th Supben Krein Nei a Rew Maan ‘or tine Nino ey Re ie ier fri fe na ‘Chee hsm or hot finan as say ing ma eer oe Nl ab Tins Re ape ls rene ken ee mart Be a Be oe ‘Sg uy 0 hls aes aon ge ron ‘tha fastener gy Poona af owe Scam in cg Carne. Ue a e Commonwealth of Independent Stet ar in the proces of cresting @ new regional international sytem while at dhe same dine atempung to et tansitons fom authoritarian socialism to derncrati capi ‘The international porons ofthe United Sats aad Japan have changed realy a international competitiveness and financial power shifed away fiom che Unied States in the 1980s and aay rom Japan inthe 19905 (Chinas undergoing fnéamental wansformacon init economic struc: ‘ure and in ts inksto the international system, And the European Union (su) appears to have heen pechape an exerambitousacempr to accelerate the pace of European integation in the Fice of Geoman unison South Africa, the Middle East, Central America and Wester Europe. Tong-tarding violent confit that only afew years ago appeared to be simply unclvable are now finding, negotised setement. Aud ia Europe, Cental Asa, the Iamie weld, and Alfica, new conflicts are breaking out "The min analytical perspectives on incenational elaons neovealsm ‘nd neolibralismy share with all their erties ther inability to foreshadow, [et slone forse, these mamentou international changes Furthermore, swith the end ofthe Cald Wa, ternational relations pecs, whatever ‘their theoretical orienaion, ae uncertain abou how 0 intspret she con~ sequences of change Disagreements widespread on what are the most Jmporant queton,leealne what might constewte plausible answers 19 ‘hese questions Are we ling in a unipolar» Bipla,of a mip ‘word I the world increasingly divided into 2ones of pee arog prot petous states adhe center and zones of wat beraeen oot states of the Betipher?Isthe ile war epily increasing in Asa eileitremsine nage gible in Western Europe oi the reves closer wo the mark Is he ain Irecion + 3 Spagtsctesianret eee are Cambri sii Be 998 ha Uv Ca, The id Sa ad Ef Cid Stokes Rondo ter nye (ante ee Den Ln ae ry ey eos Pe {9 Kg an an Tb Wa Oe ne ren (Ghnto fSahan Ho A Rb Ren ag el ae tino est CW hat ati el ae ny 100991 (Genie taal Una rae Rann se Dra a Ps [fos he- Ca tr te ce Po Uy Fon 9 a fad Mic Lave i ar Pa Hay ye Hi en py Mc Bk nd ee PC Cp Tayo ene hcg Cami Fe ec ind a at th da‘aust of war on the periphery the excenive strength or the deplorable swelines of ste? Is ieologieal confer between states in the intern tional sytem diminishing or actesing? ‘Withour thinking specify about the Cold War and national secu fig, some sociologists wrote nthe 1970s and 1980s about langescale processes of change in and posible transformation of the global syste. ‘They privileged factors that appear to be relevant our undenseanding of some ofthe changes that we ate now observing Immanuel Wallertein for ‘caample argued that che dymamiam inherent i the word captai econ tomy would seek increasing iteration of she socialist bloc” And John Meyer articulated a model of global sciopoical organization that semibeds sates* This has opened up productive lines of research that Undermine che plausibly of making a sharp disincron beeweeniner- national anarchy and world goverment sche only anata alternatives for thinking about international elton. Taken together, Wallsten and Meyers analyses tecognine the importance of combining an aalysieof power and wealth wit issues of sate sovereignty and eleral elements in the international sociey of tex “The unceraintes that mak international rations scholarship make this dhe igh me to cast abou for analytical peapetves that dir on key point from enablshed theories, thus inviting ts otake a eth lok atthe woild we lve in? This volume concentrates on ev undertended Aeserminanes of national eeu policy: the culurainstational contest fof policy on the one hand and she consuucied iden a tats, govern rents, and other poltialstorson the other. We explore these determ rants from the theoreicel pespecive of scilogie natittionalcs, vith foras on the character ofthe ste environmen and the oi ‘esed nature of politcal idensiies. The pimaty purpose ofthis book so + oer Katzman nara! enn Scan Ss Mecn Si nd ey Obi Theale Te ft Bay p36 (crn oni Fler me pee ge poo 1 Semen, icteric ee bad Bc rae ae fr eepealseec as ce ebeae a SheGiip hater mre tie ereaenn aga eS Spi ce cea Sac bl shee cs fico andthe errant fm which ‘hey deve a elon fore ais of etna sty “heel exays inhi volume lara how sol fico shape ifn npc of national cy ple tines nays tha cone dit the cpecatins dered fom eh there enametans Ths took docs afr ahery of aoa cry To tom shah ony no woul be pense oan spac hat sine eisag dlevdoping three cohen empire reel each pr {gam And ic would be inode in he mid of wie ann ses Son of economic and log apreacie in the av sence Tested, hs book ek oda teem inane Dern st tid and vanaf says md cle especies on Aion of natn sear “The suthorn this volume adhere othe sili ef uch com epi norms et, and clea sum lie ovate the dec ar that they te ana Ths fcr est fm se Process, pares pole acm and lflences in pet cpl “Thanos the conc fmm describe clive espe (ose prope bana af sc hs gen sy none tors rors operat ke usta define te enya chs ang "nwa ett payer scons wl eae here serognineapatir heat. Tn ther sions so ee mc dha speci he proper nasnen aan ae des tea such intanees norms have “negli fs hat spec sand of Froperbehavioe Nove seer dns orca) eer pc ‘he (replace) ion ory a eal, Dana Eye and ark Sacha in eay 3 arg sha sdvaned weapon set ar one ese sing tes ma fen. Governments hs pend she pou fr buy sh weapon ‘pence hes hay maria eect on ato eat Al. Iodacion «5 ae ino iif eh a Gea ta ei in enc nh fee isbndonnnetareteiatpcertasaen reece eee {Geng etn of ety ee en ing ar eto ‘eater eben btwn a o's