PHOTOSHOP CS4 TUTORIAL

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Adobe Photoshop CS4 is a popular image editing software that provides a work environment con- with Adobe Illustrator, Adobe InDesign, Adobe ImageReady, and other products in the sistent Adobe Suite. This tutorial is an introduction to using Adobe Photoshop. Here you will learn Creative howstarted, how to use the interface, and how to modify images with get to basic

Section 1: Getting Started Pg. 3 ection 2: Interface Layout S Pg. 5 ection 3: Palettes S Pg. 6 ection 4: Toolbox S Pg. 10 Section 5: Selection Tools Pg. 11 Section 6: Alteration Tools Pg. 12 Section 7: Drawing and Selection Tools Pg. 13 Section 8: Assisting Tools Pg. 13 Section 9: Color Boxes and Modes Pg. 14 Section 10: Basic Image Editing Pg. 14 Section 11: Cropping Pg. 15 Section 12: Resizing Pg. 19 Section 13: Correcting Pg. 22 Section 14: Sharpening/Softening Pg. 27 Section 15: Saving Pg. 29

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OPENIN G Begin by opening Adobe Photoshop CS4. On a PC, Start > Programs > Adobe > Photoshop , or click on the shortcut on the click CS4 desktop. On a Mac, Macintosh HD > Applications > Adobe Photoshop CS4 > Photoshop show click CS4 n in Figure 1, or click the icon in the Dock.

Fig. 1. Navigation to Photoshop CS4 on a Mac SETTING UP THE DOCUMENT Setting up your document correctly from the start will make your job much easier as you work through your project. This will require some advanced planning. For example, if your final output will be a bro- you may need to set up your document to be horizontal and doublechure, sided. To create a new document, File > New . This will open Document dialog box (Fig. click the Setup 2).

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Fig. 2. Document Setup dialog box Here you will be able to name your file, set up the correct page size, and orientation for your docu- Options include, but are not limited ment. to: Page Size and Change the Orientationpage size by typing in new values for width and height. Page size represents the final you want after bleeds or trimming other marks outside the page. In the Preset dropdown size you can menu find such common sizes as letter, legal, tabloid, etc. Typing in exact values for Height and gives you more control over the size and orientation of your Width page. Resolution Resolution is a number of pixels on a printed area of an image. The higher the resolution, the more there are on the page, the better is the quality of the image. However, high resolution pixels es the size of the file. The standard recommended resolution for printed images is 150-300, for increasWeb it is 72. images Color Mode Choose a color mode that will best fit your project. For example, when making a graphic for a web choose RGB. When making an image for print, choose site, CMYK. Background Contents background: white, color, or transparent. When you have entered all of your Choose the document settings, click OK.

OPENING AN IMAGE FROM A DISK image you have is saved on a disk, If the File > Open , and then navigate to the disk where select your image is saved. Choose the image file and drive Ope . At this point, you may want click your image under a different name so that you can always have the original to fall back n to save case and type in the new name of the file on in of a mistake. To save you r file, File > Save As select in the dialogue box. Now you should be ready to go.

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This is the layout of Adobe Photoshop interface. Menu Bar look at the top of the screen you will see the Menu bar which contains all the main functions If you of Photoshop, such File, Edit, Image, Layer, Select, Filter, View, Window , Help . as and Tool Bar Most of the major tools are located in the Tool bar for easy access. The The image will appear in its own window once you open a Image file. Image Name The name of any image that you open will be at the top of the image window as shown above. Palettes Palettes contain functions that help you monitor and modify images. By default, palettes are stacked in groups. These are the palettes that are usually together Color, ,an Layers . visible: of the palettes are visible, go Adjustments If none Window in the Menu bar and choose palettes you d need to to work with.

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Below is the description of the most commonly used palettes in Adobe Photoshop CS4. Palettes more advanced image editing will be covered in the Adobe Photoshop CS4 Tutorial used for -Intermediate. COLOR, SWATCHES, STYLE palette (Fig. 2) displays the current foreground and background colors and RGB The Color values colors. You can use the sliders to change the foreground and background colors in for these dif- color modes. You can also choose a color from the spectrum of colors displayed in the ferent color at the bottom of the ramp palette.

Fig. 2. Color palette In the Swatches palette (Fig. 3) you can choose a foreground or background color or add a customized color to the library.

Fig. 3. Swatches palette The Styles palette (Fig. 4) allows you to view, select, and apply preset layer styles. By default, a replaces the current layer style. You can use the styles in the palette or add your preset style own the Create New Style using icon.

Figure 4. Styles palette

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HISTOR Y Th History palette (Fig. 5) stores and displays each action performed allowing you jump to e any recent stage of the image alteration. The alterations should be created during the current working after saving or closing the document the History palette clears all the contents. Each session; time apply a change to an image, the new state of that image is added to the palette. The you palette can store up to 20 stages. However, you can always go back to the first stage, for History example the document. It is important to know that once you click on any of the previous stages, opening all changes that were made after it will be the lost.

Fig. 5. History palette ADJUSTMENT S Adjustment layers give you the ability to apply an effect to a group of layers in Photoshop, and then can edit that effect later, while preserving the original you layers.

Fig. 6. palette

Adjustments

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LAYER S Layers let you organize your work into distinct levels that can be edited and viewed as individual Photoshop CS4 document contains at least one layer. Creating multiple layers lets units. Every you control how your artwork is printed, displayed, and edited. You will use the Layers palette easily (Fig. while creating a document, so it is crucial to understand what it does and how to use 6) often it. A) Layer Visibility -The eye shows that the selected layer is visible. Click on or off to see or to hide a layer. B) Layer Locking -Click the checkered square icon to lock Transparency; click the Options the Image; click the arrow icon to lock the Position; click the lock icon to lock all brush icon to lock options. C) Layer Blending Mode -Defines how the layers pixels blend with underlying pixels in the image. By choosing a particular blending mode from the dropdown menu you can create a variety of special effects. D) Fill-By typing in a value or dragging the slider you can specify the transparency of the Layers Fig. 6. color of the image or Palette object. E) Opacity -By typing in a value or dragging a slider you can specify the transparency of the entire layer. F) Layer -The icon shows when the layer is locked and disappears when it is Lock unlocked. Double-click the icon to unlock the layer. G) Layer Options -Click the black triangle to see the following options: New Layer, Menu Layer, Delete Layer, Layer Duplicate etc. Some of the options are presented as icons at the Properties, bottomthe of Layers palette. H) Link Can be used to link layers Layers together. I) Layer Styles -If a layer has a style, an F icon shows at the bottom of the Layers palette. the little black Click triangle to see style options. J) Layer -A grayscale image, with parts painted in black hidden, parts painted in white Mask parts show- in gray shades showing in various levels of ing, and painted transparency. K) Layer -This option helps to organize images with multiple layers. Click the icon to create Set for a several folder layers. L) Create New Fill or Adjustment -Have the same opacity and blending mode options Layer as image layers and can be rearranged, deleted, hidden, and duplicated in the same manner as image Click the icon and select an option to create a new fill or adjustment layers. layer. M) Create New -Click this icon to create a new Layer layer. N) Delete Layer -To delete a layer, select a layer in the Layers palette and drag it to the trash icon; or, select a can layer and click the icon.

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Fig. 6. Layer palette

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If you used other Adobe products, such as Illustrator or InDesign, you should be familiar with the toolbox in Adobe Photoshop CS4 as it shares some of the tools from these applications. If you are a novice user of Adobe products, you should keep in mind that you might not need to use all of the In this tutorial, only the basic tools will be discussed in tools. depth.

Some tools in the toolbar have additional hidden tools. These tools have small black triangles in the right-hand corner. To view the hidden tools, click and hold down on any tool that has a black in the corner (Fig. triangle 1).

Fig. 1. Hidden tools Adobe Photoshop CS4 p. 10

Marque e

Move

Selects an object by drawing a rectangle or an ellipse around it. Click the tool button, choose a rectangular or an elliptical marquee. Drag the marquee area of the image you wish to over the select. Used to select and move objects on the page. Click the tool button, then click on any object on the page you wish to move.

Lasso

Selects an object by drawing a freehand border around it. Click the tool button, drag to draw a freehand border around the are of the image you to select. wish Selects an object by drawing a straight-edge border around it. Click the tool button, click on the starting point on the image, drag to draw a straightedge click and drag again to select the are of the image you wish to select. border, click to finish. Double-

Polygonal Lasso

Magnetic Lasso

Selects an object by drawing a border that snaps to the edges of the defined area of the object. Click on the starting point on the image, drag around the are of the image. The tool make fastening points at the edges. To finish selecting, drag the border to the will startingand click precisely in the point point.

Magic Wand

Selects all objects in a document with the same or similar fill color, stroke weight, stroke opacity, or blending mode. By specifying the color range, or tolerance, you color, can control what the Magic Wand tool selects.

Crop Tool

Click the tool button, then click on the area of the image you wish to select. and cuts parts of an Selects image. Click the tool button, then click and drag the tool over the part of the image that you want to keep. Resize the selected area dragging the squares at the sides and corners. Click the RETURN key when your crop box is sized correctly. Used to cut images into slices, which can be exported to a web page.

Slice Tool

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Healing Brush

Corrects small blemishes in scanned photos. Select the tool, hold down the ALT key and left-click on the base color you need to heal. Then left-click over the blemish. Draws lines of different thicknesses and colors. Select the tool. Then click on the selected area, drag to draw lines. Use the Options bar change the Brush, Mode, Opacity, and to Flow. Takes a sample of an image and applies over another image, or a part of the same image. the tool. Hold down the ALT key and left-click on a certain point of the Select document want to start your copy point. Then, put your mouse over whatever part of where you the document you want the picture to go to. Hold down the left mouse button and new drag mouse across the page to copy the the picture. Paints over an image using the source data from a specified history state or snapshot. Select the tool, specify the Brush, Blending Mode, Opacity, Style, Area, and Tolerance. Removes part of an existing path or stroke. You can use the Erase tool on paths, but nottext. on Select the tool, click on the part of the image you wish to erase. Drag to erase pixels. Fills and entire area with a specific color of your choice. Select the tool. Choose a foreground color in the Color Box. Select an area you wish to apply the color to. Click the tool button, then click on the selected area.

Brush Tool

Clone p

Stam

Art History Brush

Erase Tool

Paint Bucket Tool

G radient Tool

Applies a gradient fill to a selected part of the image or to an entire layer. Select an area you wish to apply gradient to, click the tool button, choose a fill in the Op- bar, click on the starting point, hold the mouse down and drag to the end tions point. Blurs the sharp edges of an image. Select an area where you wish to apply the tool. Click the tool button, choose the Brush, and Strength. Drag the brush along the Mode, edges.

Blur Tool

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Direct Selection Tool

Selects paths and path segments. Select the tool, click anywhere on the path.

Type Tool

Pen Tool

Types text on a page. Every time you click the Type Tool on a new portion of the page a layer will be new created. Select the tool, click on the page and begin to type. You can specify the font and size in Options bar. You can also resize and transform the text box by dragging the the squares at the sides and corners. Use the Move Tool to move the text on the page. Draws smooth-edged paths. Select the tool, click on the page, drag to draw a path. Click and drag the anchor points to modify the path. Draws a rectangle shape. Other shapes that are hidden in this tool are: Rounded Rect- Tool, Ellipse Tool, Polygon Tool, Line Tool, and Custom Shape angle Tool. Select the tool, click and drag on the page to draw a shape. The shape will be cally filled with the current foreground automaticolor.

Rectangle Tool

Eyedropp er Tool

Takes color samples from colors on the page and displays Tool them in the Color Boxes. Select the tool, click on the color in the image you wish to sample. The Color Box will display this color. Allows you to move around within the image. Select the tool, click on the spot on the page, hold the mouse button down, drag to move the in area. Magnifies or reduces the display of any area in your image Glass Tool window. Select the tool, choose Zoom In or Zoom Out in the Options bar, click on the area of the image you wish to magnify or reduce. Rotates the canvas Select this tool and click and drag outside of the canvas and the canvas will turn. Hold to make sure that the canvas will snap to certain degree Shift points.

Hand Tool

Magnifying

Rotate View Tool

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Color Boxes

The foreground color appears in the upper color selection box and represents a color currently active. The background color appears in the lower box and represents that is an inactive color. To change the foreground color, click the upper color selection box in the toolbox. To change the background color, click the lower color selection box in the toolbox. To reverse the foreground and background colors, click Switch Colors icon the (the arrow) in the toolbox. To restore the default foreground and background colors, click Default Colors icon the little black and white boxes) in the (the toolbox. NOT : If you are using Gradient Tool , the currently selected foreground and E ground the colors will be the default colors backof the gradient.

Modes

Edit in Standard Mode and Edit in Quick Mask Mode the unmasked or masked area.

are used for modifying images in

Now that you know how to find your way around in the Adobe Photoshop CS4 interface and are familiar with the most common commands, pallets, and tools, you can start doing some basic editing. In the next few chapters of this tutorial you will learn how to crop, resize, correct, image and sharp/blur your images.

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Cropping is one of the most basic editing techniques that can improve your images. Cropping to bring helps out the most important features in your image and focus the viewers attention on these features. Cropping also allows you to make your image a standard photo size. There are several ways to crop images in Adobe Photoshop: 1. Cropping with Crop Tool 2. the Cropping to a specific size Cropping with 3. Marquee the Tool CROPPING WITH THE CROP TOOL Th Crop Tool allows you to make a precise selection of an image you wish to edit. To crop with e the Crop Tool , follow these steps: 1. Open the image you wish to crop (see Getting Started for detailed instructions). 2. Select the Crop Tool from the Toolbox (see Selection Tools for location and description). your image once and drag the mouse out to make a cropping 3. Click on border Fig. (See 1)

Fig. 1. Cropping border Adobe Photoshop CS4 p. 15

4. Resize the border by dragging the squares at the sides and corners till you satisfied with the way your image are looks. NOT : You can also rotate your cropping border. Move the cursor outside the border, you will E it see into a double-headed arrow (Fig. 2). Drag the arrows in the directions you wish to how turns rotateselection. your

Fig. 2. Rotating the cropping border 5. Once you are completely satisfied with your cropped image, press ENTE . R

CROPPING TO A SPECIFIC SIZE If you wish to print your digital photos or other images on standard size photo paper, you have will to crop your images to a specific size, such as 8x10. To crop an image to a specific size, do the following: 1. Open the image you wish to crop. 2. Select the Crop Tool from the Toolbox . 3. In the Options bar, specify the values Width an Height (Fig. 3). for d

Fig. 3. Crop Tool Options bar 4. Click in your image and drag the cropping border. Notice that the border is strained -you cannot make it wider or longer than the specified values (Figure con 4). example, if you entered 8 For Width and 10 for Height , whatever size you the for border, the area within it will fit on an 8x10 make photo. Adobe Photoshop CS4 p. 16

Fig. 4. Cropping to a specific size 5. Once you are completely satisfied with your cropped image, press ENTE . R

CROPPING WITH THE MARQUEE TOOL If you are in a hurry and need just a simple crop, you can use Marquee and a the menu command. To crop with Marquee , follow the steps Tool the Tool below: 1. Open the image you wish to crop. 2. Select the Rectangular Marquee from the Toolbox (see Selection Tools). Tool mouse to draw a marquee around the area 3. Click in your image and drag the you to crop (Figure wish 5).

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4. In the main menu, go to immediately cropped.

Fig. 5. Drawing a marquee Image > Crop (Fig. 6). The image will be

Fig. 5. Crop

Image

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Resizing in Photoshop can help you print your images in standard photo sizes, resize and preserve quality of digital photos, and enlarge small images to a poster the high size. RESIZING TO A SPECIFIC SIZE To resize your image to a preset size, follow the steps below: 1. In the main menu, go File > New . to 2. In New dialog box, click on Preset dropdown menu. You will see the sizes, such as 2x3, 4x6 the 5x7 with the preset resolution several ppi (Fig. preset and of 300 1).

Fig. 1. Preset size in the New dialog box 3. Choose the size that you wish and O . click K NOT : All the preset sizes are in portrait orientation. If you wish to resize an image with the E landscape orientation, you need to create your own preset. To create your own size, do the following: 1. Type in the values Width an Height , for example for Type in your desired resolution (150 ppi is enough for high quality printing, and d 7x5. 2. 72 is good for the web ppi images). 3. Click Save Preset butto the n

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RESIZING DIGITAL PHOTOS Digital photos usually have large dimensions but low resolution, 72 ppi, which effects their quality when their size is decreased or increased. When printed, the photos with the changed size will look pixilated. To resize the digital photos without loosing the quality, follow these steps: 1. Open the digital photo you wish to resize. the main menu, go 2. In View> Rulers . You will be able to see the dimension to of your photo (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Dimensions of a digital photo 3. In the main menu, go Image > Image . to Size Resample 4. In Image dialog box, check the desired resolution (anything between 150 and 300 ppi). The photo is Size the Image your now x 5 inches. 6.667

box off (Fig. 4). Type in

Fig. 4. Changing resolution Adobe Photoshop CS4 p. 20

ENLARGIN G If you want to make your digital photo into a poster size image, you can do it in the Image Size box. However, just increasing the dimensions will make the image appear blurry and dialog pixilated. the image without loosing the quality, follow these To enlarge steps: 1. Open the digital image you wish to enlarge. main menu, go 2. In the Image > Image . to Size 3. In Image dialog box, make sure Resample box is checked the Size Bicubic Smoother from the dropdown box (Fig. off the Image and choose 5).

Fig. 5. Increasing the size by 10 percent 4. Change Document measurements to Percent . Type in 110; this will the Size in crease the size of the image by 10 percent (Fig. 5. 5). Continue enlarging by 10 percent till you are satisfied with the size.

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Digital cameras tend to cause various problems, such as red eye or hot spots, if you use flash, or underexposure, if you dont. In Photoshop, you can correct these problems, as well as adjust the overall color of your digital photo. RED EYE REMOVAL The digital camera flash is located right above the lens, which causes the red-eye; however, you fix your photos easily in Photoshop. To remove the red eye, follow the steps can below: 1. Open a photo you wish to correct. the 2. Select Zoom from the Toolbox . Click and drag to draw a rectangle Tool around the eye (Fig. 1).

3. Make sure your defaultand white (Fig. black 2).

Fig. 1. Red eye zoomed in Foreground an Backgroun d d

colors are

Fig. 2. Foreground and Background colors set to black and white 4. Click on the little black triangle of Healing Brush Tool button the select Red Eye . (Fig Tool 5. Click on the red and paint, holding 3). the mouse button. You will see how the down red disappear (Fig. will 4).

and

Fig. 3. Red Eye Tool Adobe Photoshop CS4 p. 22

Fig. 4. Red eye corrected

HOT SPOT REMOVAL Using a flash can also cause another problem -shiny areas on peoples faces or the flash reflection in the shiny surfaces. To correct this problem, follow the steps below: 1. Open the photo you wish to correct. the 2. Select Clone Stamp from the Toolbox . Tool 3. In the Options bar, change Blend Mode from Normal to Darke (Figure 5). the n

Fig. 5. Setting the options for the Clone Stamp Tool 4. Set Opacity to 50 percent. the Choose a soft-edged brush, set the diameter to 40 or 5. 50. Hold down 6. SHIF key and click in the clean area (without hot spots) to get the T a sample of color (Fig. 6).

Fig. 6. Clone Stamp selection 7. Paint over the hot spot, the light area will gradually darken (Fig. 7).

Fig. 7. Corrected image Adobe Photoshop CS4 p. 23

ADDING FLASH If you took pictures indoors without a flash they will turn out underexposed and dark; in Photoshop, you can make your photos lighter. To fix underexposed photos, follow these steps: 1. Open a digital photo you wish to correct (Fig. 8).

2. In the main menu, go to name the layer Make 3. sure box, change down the The whole image will lighten.

Fig. 8. Underexposed photo Layers > Duplicate . In Duplicate Layer dialog box , the Layer 1 . Layer 1 is selected in the Layers palette. In Blending Mode drop the Blending Mode to Screen (Fig. 9).

Fig. 9. Changing the Blending Mode 4. Keep duplicating Layer 1 till you are satisfied with the your image (Fig. 10). Adobe Photoshop CS4 p. 24

Fig. 10. Corrected photo

COLOR ADJUSTMENT Color adjustment options in Photoshop CS4 can help you to make your digital photos look more natural. To color correct your images, follow these steps: 1. Open the image you wish to correct. main menu, go 2. In the Image > Adjustment > Levels . You will see a dialog to s displaying a diagram of the colors in your image (Fig. 11). The black triangle is box for shadows, the gray is for midtones, the white is for highlights. In Channel the s dropdown menu, you can choose between RGB, Red, Green, or Blue. These whether your changes effect all the colors, or just one (red, green, or indicate blue).

Fig. 11. Levels dialog box

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3. Make sure Preview box is checked off. Choose the channel you wish to the drag the triangles. Dragging the black triangle to the right will make change and the shadows in your photo darker; dragging the white triangle to the left will make the higlights in your photo lighter; dragging the gray triangle to the left will make the midtones in your photo lighter, dragging it to the right will make the midtones darker. You will be able to see the changes in your image.

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SHARPENIN G If your digital photos are slightly out of focus, you can use the basic sharpening technique to make images look crisper. To sharpen your photo, follow the steps your below: 1. Open an image you wish to sharpen. Note that this technique can sharpen imagesare only slightly that blurry. the 2. Use Zoom to make sure you are viewing your image in its full Tool size, that is, at 100%. the main menu, go 3. In Filter> Sharpe > Unsharp . You will see to n Mask the Unsharp Mask dialog box (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Unsharp Mask dialog box 4. Enter 125 for the Amoun , 1 for the Radius , and 3 for Threshold . 5. Click OK. You will see how thet image has become more in the focus. SOFTENIN G Sometimes you might not want objects or people in your photos look too sharp, in this case you can a softening technique. To soften am image, follow these use steps: 1. Open the image you wish to soften. the main menu, 2. In Layer > Duplicate Layer . You will have a new choose layer called Background . 3. In the main menu, goCopy Filter> Blur > Gaussian Blur . In the Gaussian Blur to type 4.0 for Radius, or drag the slider to the position (Fig. dialog box, 2).

Fig. 2. Gaussian Blur

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4. Make sure Background layer is selected and change its opacity to the 3). The objects or people in Copy image will have a soft, glowing 50% (Fig. your effect.

Fig. 3. Opacity 5. Select the Eraser Tool from the Toolbox , choose a soft-edged brush, and erase over the areas in the face that are supposed to be sharp, such as eyes, eyebrows,teeth (Fig. 4a and lips, and b).

Fig. 4a. Before Fig. 4b. After

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Remember to save your work often. Saving frequently lessens the risk of losing the work you have doing. To save your Photoshop document, do the been following: 1. Click File > Sav . e 2. Navigate to the place you would like your document to be saved by using the drop menu and the navigation down text field. window. the name of your document in 3. Enter Save the Choose a format to save your project in from As 4. Format dropdown menu. (Fig. the 1)

Fig. 1 Saving a document 5. Click the Save button in the bottom right corner of the dialogue box.Check to make sure that your document is saved in the place you 6. intended. NOT : If you save your file as PSD (default Photoshop saving format) your layers will be b file size will Eut thepreserved, be large. If you save your file as JPEG (a common image format) your layers willflattened and become one layer. The file size though will be significantly be smaller.

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