Digital Logic Design
Nikil Dutt UC Irvine
ICS 151 Winter 2005
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
Welcome to ICS 212
Instructor
Nikil Dutt
[email protected]Course Page
http://www.ics.uci.edu/~dutt/ics151 Visit regularly for updates and announcements Visit eee web site for noteboard
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
Course Outline
DATE 1/6 1/11 1/13 1/18 1/20 1/21 TOPIC Intro, Number Systems, Arithmetic FP Numbers, Codes, Boolean Algebra Canonical Forms, Gates, K-Maps, Dont Cares QUIZ 1 (covers Chs 1-3) in lecture K-Map,Tabulation Method Last day to drop class READING Sec 1.1-1.7, 2.1-2.8 Sec 2.9-2.16, 3.1-3.4 Sec 3.5-3.9, 3.12-3.14, 4.1-4.3
Sec 4.2-4.4
1/25 Technology Mapping 1/27 Combinatorial Components 1/27 and 1/28 QUIZ 2 (covers Ch 4) in discussion section 2/1 2/3 Combinatorial Components Combinatorial Components, SR Latch
Sec 4.5-4.10 Sec 5.1-5.4
Sec 5.5-5.10 Sec 5.11-5.16, 6.1 Sec 6.2-6.4 Sec 6.5-6.6 Sec 6.5-6.6
2/8 Seq Logic: gated SR, gated D, FF 2/8 and 2/9 QUIZ 3 (covers Ch 5) in discussion section 2/10 Sequential Logic Design: Analysis 2/15 Sequential Logic Design: Analysis 2/17 MIDTERM (covers Chs 1-6.4) in lecture 2/22 2/24 3/1 3/3 3/8 3/10 3/15 3/16 3/24 ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt) Sequential Logic Design: Minimization, Encoding Sequential Logic Design: Opt, Timing, Registers Counters, Register Files, RAMs, Stacks, Queues Simple DPs QUIZ 4 (covers Ch 6.5-7.2) in lecture Datapaths, Control Units Course review Last discussion section Comprehensive Final Examination, 8 10 am IERF 101 Introduction
Sec 6.7-6.11 Sec 6.11-7.2 Sec 7.3-7.9 Sec 7.10
Sec 7.10-7.15
Digital => Digitization
3 2 1 0 samples analog signal on wire
wire
Volts
microphone
V olts
00 01 10 10 11 11 11 01 10 10 00 time digitized signal stored on tape, CD, etc. analog signal speaker reproduced from 3 digitized signal 2 1 0
wire
00 01 10 10 11 11 11 01 10 10 00 time
Figure 1.1 Converting an analog signal to digital signal and vice-versa. (From Vahid)
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt) Introduction
Digital Gadgets/Devices
TVs Cameras Video DVD recorders players
Cell phones Satellites Portable music players 1995 1997 1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Figure 1.2 Going digital more and more analog products are becoming digital (Source: G. Spirakis, Intel, DATE04 conference keynote presentation)
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
An Example: Digital Camera
Digital Camera Block Diagram
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
Hardware vs. Software Implementation
Task Read Compre ss Store
Microprocessor 5 8 1
Custom digital circuit .1 .5 .8
Table 1.2: Sample digital camera task execution times (in seconds) on a microprocessor versus a digital circuit.
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt) Introduction
Story of the Humble Transistor
1947 Shockley, Brattain, and Bardeen invented the transistor at Bell Labs 1961 First commercial IC by Fairchild/TI 1963 CMOS invented 1965 Moores law 1968 State of the art: 64 transistor chip 1978 IA 8086: ~10K transistors 1986 IA 386: ~100K transistors 1990 IA 486: ~1 M transistors 1998 IA P2: ~ 10 M transistors 2004 IA P6: ~ 1 B transistors
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt) Introduction
Moores Law
Transistor capacity doubles every 18 months
Source: Intel
Driving force behind
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Electronic systems research and industry Proliferation of embedded computing systems Introduction
Embedded Applications ICS212 Lecture 2
(from Givargis)
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
10
Overview
Hybrid embedded systems
Aerospace, automobiles, robotics, process control, and sensor nets
Consumer electronics
Appliances, office electronics, and home/office automation
Network components
Bridges, routers, switches, and hubs
Medical instruments
Patient monitoring, MRI, and artificial hearts
E-Business
ATM, vending machines
Distributed & grid computing
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt) Introduction
Hybrid Embedded Systems
Computation systems whose behavior is tightly integrated with the physical world
E.g., the behavior of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be modeled by a combination of differential equations (the aerodynamics and low level feedback controllers) and a finite state automata (high level flight path decisions, such as to ascend or descend).
Behavior is governed by both continuous-state dynamics from the physical world and discrete-state dynamics from the computation Passage of time during computation affects the state of the physical world Inherently concurrent (inherent vs. built-in concurrency?)
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
OVERLAPPING
11 12
Multimedia
Aerospace
Flight control
Stability: real-time differential feedback loops
Positioning & navigation
GPS, INS
Instrumentation
Data acquisition, display, processing, and archive
Radar Communication
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
13
Automobiles
Engine management
Fuel, ignition, timing
Emission control Instrumentation
Data acquisition, display, processing, and archive
Safety & stability
Airbags, active control
Entertainment & comfort
Radio, A/C,
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
14
Robotics
Implies autonomous operation N physical degree of freedom Artificial intelligence Control heavy Mission oriented
Repair, search, rescue, investigate, and perform physically difficult tasks
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
15
Process Control
Industrial automation Plant monitoring and production control Similar to control systems but with emphasis on management
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
16
Sensor Nets
Many sensor nodes each capable (but limited) of sensing, computation/storage, and communication
Structure safety Search and rescue Military use
Modern Sensor Nodes
UC Berkeley: COTS Dust UC Berkeley: COTS Dust UC Berkeley: Smart Dust
Self organization Energy Efficient Distributed
UCLA: W INS
Rockwell: W INS
JPL: Sensor W ebs
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
17
Multimedia
An exercise in
Signals, analog to digital conversion, quantization, sampling, processing, and digital to analogue conversion Information theory, entropy, Huffman codes, compression, lossless compression Images, audio, video
Virtual Reality Presentation Quality of service Think lots of data (formats and standards too)!
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
18
Consumer Electronics
Home appliances
Yesterdays appliances: add computation Tomorrows appliances: add networking (Internet)
Office electronics
Integration Electronic paper (filing, printing, sending, and receiving)
Home/office automation
Common fantasy about the automated home or office of the future with lights and appliances that operate by themselves or with minimal effort
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
19
Network Components
Stitching LANs
Bridge
Connects two parts of the same network
Router
Link networks using different network identities
Extending ports
Switch
Transmit to recipient only
Hub
Transmit to all
Handle large volume of highly structured data with little transformation
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
20
10
Medical Instruments
Perform diagnosis (screening/evaluation)
Data collection Appraisal of that data Developing a plan of action
Observation or monitoring Sensing and instrumentation
Accuracy and precision
Other applications:
Radiation therapy Artificial hearts, arms, legs,
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt) Introduction
21
E-Business
Information processing systems
ATM Cash registers Scanners Credit-card readers
Often the interface behind a database Automation and convenience
ICS151 WQ05 (Dutt)
Introduction
22
11
