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In the name of Allah who is the king of kings

What is the Networking?

The system of data, device, and other equipments sharing is called network. Connection of more than one computer by some device Techniques of Networking Peer to Peer (Workgroup) Server Based (Domain) Peer to Peer and Server Based In peer to peer all computers have equal rights, where as in server based it is not so. No administration in peer to peer while centralized administration in server based. Security is not issued in peer to peer where as in server based there is large security. Networking

LAN {Local Area Network}

WAN {Wide Area Network}

MAN {Metropolitan Area Network}

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LAN (Local Area Network) In LAN one office or one building is connected Highest Speed in LAN Low error in LAN Inexpensive MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) in WAN country to country More low then MAN. Highest error in WAN. Most expensive than LAN and MAN. WAN (Wide Area Network) in WAN country to country More low then MAN. Highest error in WAN. Most expensive than LAN and MAN. Standard Cable Creating Methods Requirements: UTP (Cat5 Having four pair as in your network) RJ-45 Connectors Crimping tool Cable Tester

RJ-45 Connector UTP Cable

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Cable Tester Crimping Tool

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There are two companies.

Cisco
1. Cisco use without wire 2. Microsoft use with wire Network inventions of Microsoft. 1. 2. 3. 4. IT MCP: MCSA: MCSE: MCITP: = = = = =

Microsoft

(Microsoft certified professional ) (Microsoft certified system administrator) (Microsoft certified system engineer) (Microsoft certified IT professional ) (Information technology)

Implementation of Microsoft 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Windows xp professional Windows xp server 2003 Windows Vista Windows server 2008 Windows Linux Red hat Windows Seven

Planning for network 1. Hubs 2. Switches 3. Access points 4. PCs = (Personal computers) 5. Printers 6. LAN cards 7. Wireless devices

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Invention of Cisco 1. CCNA: = 2. CCNP: = 3. CCSP: = 4. CCTE: = Implementations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. PCs = (Personal computers) Printers Routers Access points Bridge Cloud (Cisco certified network assistive) (Cisco certified network professional) (Cisco certified network security professional) (Cisco certified network expert)

Difference between Hubs and Switch

This is describe in page number 13

Hub
For creating network we create cables. There are three types of creating cables.

Switch
Cabling Types

1. Cross cabling

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2. Straight cabling 3. Roll over cabling There are two EIA/TIA Standards i.e. 568 A and 568 B EIA/TIA (Electronics Industry Association/Telecommunication Industry Association) Straight Over Cable (568 A) Cross Over Cable (568 B Colors Name and Code Color Name Color Code Orange Green Blue Brown White Orange White Green White Blue White Brown O G B Br WO WG WB WBr

Cross Over (Cross Cable) In general life we say cross cable to the cross over. The cross cable is created when there are two computer. When the computers (PC) become more then two then the switch is used. Method: 1, 3 2, 6 1, 3: 1, 3 means that cable 1 on one side of the connector will be 3rd on the other side of the cable, and 3rd cable in the 1 connector will be 1 on the next connector. Example of Cross Over If the White Orange cable is at no1 place in first connector then it will be at third place on the other connector 1st Connector: WO, O, WG, B, WB, G, WBR, BR 2nd Connector: WG, G, WO, B, WB, O, WBR, BR

Cross Over Image

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1. Cross over cabling We can make cross cabling in this method. For connector we use this way. In this cabling we use just four wires. First connector Second connector First connector Second connector Cross cabling is used for the similar devices Straight Over The straight cable is used when there are more then two computers and switch is there to connect them. Means it is the connection between computer and switch. Method: The combination of the cable on one side of the connector will be same at the other side of the cable

1 3

2 6

3 1

6 2

Straight Through Image

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Example of Straight Over

If the White Orange cable is at no 1 place in first connector then it will also be at no 1 place on the other connector 1st Conn: WO, O, WG, B, WB, G, WBR, BR 2nd Conn: WO, O, WG, B, WB, G, WBR, BR

2. Straight Cabling We can make straight cabling in this method. For connectors we use this way. In this cabling we use all wires First connector Second connector 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8

Straight cabling is used for different devices.

Roll Over The roll over cable is used when there is connection between two switches. When there are two switches between two networks and you want connect the switch then use roll over. Method: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

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Means that cable series on one side of the connector will be inverse on the other side of the cable

Example of Rollover
If the White orange cable is at no1 place in first connector then it will be at Eight place on the other connector Example: 1st Connector: WO, O, WG, B, WB, G, WBR, BR 2nd Connector: Br, WBR, G, WB, B, WG, O, WO

3. Roll over cabling We can make roll over cabling in this method. For this connector we use this way. In this cabling we use all wires.

Roll Over Image

First connector Second connector

1 8

2 7

3 6

4 5

5 4

6 3

7 2

8 1

Roll over cabling is used for modem or router programming

IP ISP ARNA

(Internet protocol) (Internet service provider) (American Registered Network Authority)

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This company sells the IPs IP Classification There are two kinds of IP. 1. Public IPs 2. Private IPs Public IPs has five kinds. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Class A: Class B: Class C: Class D: Class E: 1 128 192 224 240 to to to to to 126 191 223 239 255 0. 0 0 0. 0 0 To to to 10 172 192 255. 31 168 255. 255 255 255. 255 255

Private IPs have three kinds 1. Class A: 10. 0. 2. Class B: 192 16 3. Class C: 192 168

Topology
It is the way to connect the computers
Network Topologies Bus Ring Star Bus Topology

For Bus topology we use BNC (British Novel Connector) and T to connect Computers. There is also terminator in Bus at the end of each end of back bone To connect more than 10 PC we use repeater in bus.

Ring Topology

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All Computers are connected to each other like a ring Last computer must be connected to the first one

Star Topology
Each computer is connected with hub

Tree Topology

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Cable Categories
There are three categories of cable Twisted Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber Optic Cable

Twisted Pair Cable

There are two types of Twisted paid cable UTP Cable (Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable) STP Cable (Shielded Twisted Pair Cable)

UTP and STP Cable Images

UTP Cable
Coaxial Cable
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STP Cable

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Coaxial Cable Image

Fiber Optic Cable

Write your information below.

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Hub
When a hub receives a packet of data at one of its ports from a PC on the network, it transmits the packet to all of its ports and, thus, to all of the other PCs on the network Example: Think of a postman with a letter to deliver in a row of houses, none of the houses have numbers so he has to visit each house and ask the owner if the letter is for them.

Hub Image

Switch
When a switch receives a packet of data at one of its ports from a PC on the network, it transmits the packet to receiving port of the PC on the network Example: All the houses are numbered, so the postman knows where to go, and doesn't have to bother any other home owners

Switch Image

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Sub netting mask 255 255 255 255

We have 8 bytes in one octet Sub netting mask has own calculator. 64 16 4

128 32 8 After calculation them one another. 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 255

Check Network in the CMD.EXE Ping [One Space] 192.168.0. [Client Number][One Space] [Minus] [T]
For clear the cmd.exe page we write Clear = CLS For Exit Exit = Exit

How to share one folder? 1. Create a folder Right Click 2. Sharing an Security 3. Click on Share this folder on the Network. 4. Select to blank Cell. A. Allow user to change my life.

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Then

Ok

Apply

Sub netting Now we sub netting in this IP. 192.168.0.0/26 this IP First of all divide them into octets 1111111 1111111 1111111 11000000 1 1 1
1= means on 0= means off For base every time we write 2 Now we find per network of IPs In this method: First count in the last octet 0 numbers. Write on power kind look to below examples. 26 = 2*2*2*2*2*2=64 that method shows IPs per network. 2 2 = 2*2=4 this method shows numbers of network.
63 Client

63 Clients

64 Own Router

64

Own Router

63 Clients

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63 Clients

64 Own Router 64
There are two kinds of IPs
1. Prefix 2. CIDER CIDER = Means = = Complete Not Complete but lend = Classless Inter network Domain Routing
Own Router

1 First we should go to the RUN and write (CMD.EXE) 2 then write ex (PING 192.168.0.1 T>ENTER If it is not working then press (CTRL C) and press the arrive right key for tow or three seconds If you want clear it writes (CLS ENTER) If you want exit it writes (EXIT ENTER) You most off the WINDOWS FIREWALL If you want off the firewall go to the control panel then go to the security center then go to the windows firewall and off it

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