U. S.

Steel
U. S. Steel Group
A unit of USX Corporation

HANDBOOK OF PLATE PRODUCTS

Manufactured
in an ISO 9000
Certified Facility

ISO 9002

INDEX

Plate Products

ASTM Designations

Strength

24, 27, 30 ................................................. 28, 69

32 .................................................................. 32
33 .................................................................. 28
34 .................................................................. 26
35 .................................................................. 32
36 .................................................................. 25
38 .................................................................. 48
42 ........................................... 32, 44, 46, 48, 52
45 ............................................................ 46, 69
46 ...................................................... 36, 44, 48
50 ...................................... 40, 44, 46, 48, 52, 69
51 .................................................................. 36
55 ............................................................ 46, 60
60 ....................................... 40-41, 43-44, 46, 48
65 ...................................................... 43, 46, 60
70 .................................................. 40, 43-44, 46
75 ............................................................ 43, 60
80 ...................................................... 40, 42, 60
82, 85 ....................................................... 60, 69
90 ...................................................... 42, 60, 65
100 ................................................ 42, 62-63, 65
Pressure Vessel Quality Tensile Strength
(KSI, Range or Min.)

ALLOY
SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

45-65 ............................................................. 29
50-70 ............................................................. 29
55-75 ....................................................... 29, 31
55-80 ............................................................. 58
60-80 ........................................................ 30-31
60-85 ............................................................. 58
62, 65 ............................................................. 50
65-85 ............................................. 30-31, 41, 58
70-90 ....................................... 30-31, 38, 41, 58
72 .................................................................. 60
73-93 ............................................................. 38
75 .................................................................. 60
75-95 ....................................................... 38, 41
75-100 ............................................................ 58
80-100 ............................................................ 41
81-101 ............................................................ 39
83-105 ............................................................ 39
85 .................................................................. 60
85-110 ............................................................ 58
88, 90 ............................................................. 60
90-115 ............................................................ 57
105-125 .......................................................... 57
110-130 ..................................................... 62-65
115-135 .......................................................... 57

HIGH STRENGTH
LOW ALLOY

A6 ................................................................... 3
A20 ................................................................. 3
A36 .......................................................... 22, 25
A131 ......................................... 22, 26-27, 35-37
A242 ................................................... 34, 44-45
A283 ........................................................ 22, 28
A285 .................................................... 4, 22, 29
A370 ......................................................... 62-65
A387 ................................................... 55, 58-59
A455 ........................................................ 23, 38
A514 ............................................... 54-55, 62-65
A515 ........................................................ 23, 30
A516 ........................................................ 23, 31
A517 ............................................... 54-55, 62-65
A537 ........................................................ 23, 41
A543 .............................................................. 57
A572 ................................................... 34, 46-47
A573 ........................................................ 22, 32
A588 ................................................... 34, 44-45
A612 ........................................................ 23, 39
A633 .............................................. 23, 34, 48-49
A656 ........................................................ 35, 40
A678 ........................................................ 23, 43
A709 ......................... 25, 34, 45-46, 54-55, 62-65
A710 ................................................... 55, 60-61
A736 ......................................................... 60-61
A829 .............................................................. 56
A830 .............................................................. 24
A852 ......................................................... 44-45
A871 ......................................................... 44-45
E208 ............................................................... 52

Yield

CARBON

USS AR ...................................................... 67-68

USS CHAR-PAC................................................. 41
USS CON-PAC ............................................. 42-43
USS COR-TEN ............................................. 44-45
USS EX-TEN ................................................ 46-47
USS FREMAX ................................................... 69
USS HIC Resistant .............................................. 3
USS N ........................................................ 48-49
USS NiCrMo ............................................... 67-68
USS O-TEN .................................................. 50-51
USS SHIELD ................................................. 67-68
USS T-1 ...................................... 62-65, 67-68
USS TRIMAX ..................................................... 3

Page

Structural Quality
(KSI, Min.)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Page

U. S. Steel Identification

NOTICE: The information, including technical and engineering data, figures, tables, designs, drawings, details, suggested procedures, and
suggested specifications, presented in this publication are for general information only.
While every effort has been made to insure its accuracy, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without
independent competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability and applicability. Anyone making use of the material
does so at his own risk and assumes any and all liabilities resulting from such use. USX CORPORATION DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR ANY GENERAL OR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR FREEDOM FROM INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT,
TRADEMARK, OR COPYRIGHT IN REGARD TO INFORMATION OR PRODUCTS CONTAINED OR REFERRED TO HEREIN. Nothing herein contained shall be
construed as granting a license, express or implied, under any patents.

Plate Steels
Grades of Steel
Grades of steel may vary in chemical composition from almost pure iron to a material of complex
composition made up of several elements. Widely dissimilar properties and qualities may be
obtained from a carbon steel within specified chemical limits of a given grade by changes in
steelmaking and mill processing. In selection of the proper quality within a given grade, the end
use and method of fabrication should be considered. Various practices are employed in all phases
of steel production which determine the type and quality of the finished product.
Carbon Steel is steel for which no minimum content is specified or required for chromium, cobalt,
columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium or zirconium, or any other element
added to obtain a desired alloying effect; when the specified minimum for copper does not exceed
0.40 percent; or when the maximum content specified for any of the following ele-ments does not
exceed the percentages noted: manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60 and copper 0.60.
High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel comprises a group of steels with chemical composition
specially developed to impart higher mechanical property values and, in certain of these steels,
greater resistance to atmospheric corrosion than is obtainable from conventional carbon structural
steels. It is not considered to be alloy steel, even though an intentionally added alloy
would qualify it as such. The minimum yield point and tensile strength requirements most often
specified are between 42 to 80 ksi (290 to 550 MPa) yield point and 60 to 90 ksi (415 to 620 MPa)
tensile strength.
Alloy Steels
Steels are commercially classified as alloy steels when they have:
1. Manganese content exceeding 1.65%.
2. Silicon content exceeding 0.60%.
3. Copper content in excess of 0.60%.
4. A range or a minimum amount of any other alloying element such as nickel, molybdenum,
vanadium, chromium, etc., specified or added to obtain any alloying effect.
Heat-resisting steels contain at least 4% chromium and stainless steels contain at least 10%
chromium with or without the addition of other elements.
Carbon steels depend on carbon and manganese in conjunction with proper processing to improve
mechanical properties. Alloy steels can utilize a wide variety of alloying elements and heat
treatments to develop the most desirable combination of properties.
One of the principal functions of alloying elements is to increase hardenability which is the
property that determines the depth to which the steel will harden. Hardenability should not be
confused with hardness. The maximum attainable hardness of any steel depends on carbon
content. Alloying elements do not make the steel inherently any harder, but rather increase the
depth of hardening to improve mechanical properties throughout the full cross section of the part.
Thus, it is possible to obtain desired mechanical properties in larger sections and use less severe
quenching media.

Plate Steels
Chromium, molybdenum, manganese and boron are among the most economical elements per
unit of increased hardenability. Vanadium, though expensive, performs an additional service by
permitting the maintenance of strength at relatively high-tempering temperature. This is the reason
vanadium is used in T-1 steels. It permits a higher tempering temperature to be used than
normal.
Nickel is a costly element per unit of hardenability but it has the added advantage in maintaining
good toughness at sub-zero temperatures, toughness in carburized steels or toughness in heattreated steels used at high hardness.
In addition to alloying elements, heat treatment is used to develop certain desirable end
products. Heat treatment may either soften or harden the steel to obtain desired hardness, mechanical properties, better machinability or special internal microscopic structures. About 95% of all
alloy steel produced is used for a variety of heat-treated parts.
Actually, alloy steels are used because, in the long run, they are the most economical material.

Types of Steel
In steelmaking, the principal reaction is the combination of carbon and oxygen to form a gas.
If the oxygen is not removed, the gaseous product continues to evolve as the steel changes from
a liquid, to a solid. Silicon and/or aluminum are added to remove the oxygen. Control of the
amount of gas evolved during solidification determines the type of steel. If practically no gas is
evolved, the steel is completely deoxidized and is termed killed because it lies quietly in the
molds. Increasing degrees of gas evolution result in semikilled, capped or rimmed steels.
Killed Steels are fully deoxidized and are characterized by more uniform chemical composition
and mechanical properties as compared with other types. In general, killed steel is specified when
homogeneous structure and internal soundness are required. It may be made fine grain or coarse
grain. Generally, most carbon specifications require that plate over 11/2" (40 mm) thick be made
from killed steel.
Semi-Killed Steels are characterized by variable degrees of uniformity in composition which are
intermediate between those of killed and rimmed steel. They are deoxidized less than killed
steels.
Rimmed and Capped Steels are characterized by marked differences in chemical composition
across the section and from top to bottom of the ingot. There is a continuous evolution of gas
during solidification resulting in a rim, or case of purer, cleaner solid metal free from blowholes
and inclusions. They are, therefore, primarily used for making products requiring a very good
surface. Most sheet and strip products are this type of steel. Steels that rim best contain no
more than 0.15 percent carbon. Steels containing more than 0.30 percent carbon cannot be made
to rim at all. Steels which are completely deoxidized cannot be rimmed.

Plate Steels
Quality Descriptions
Regular Quality is a common designation for carbon steel plate sold only on the basis of a
maximum carbon content of 0.33 percent by heat analysis. Plate of this quality can vary substantially in chemical composition due to the broad range of carbon content permitted and unspecified
chemical composition limits for other elements.
Structural Quality plate is intended for applications in structures such as bridges, buildings,
tanks, railroad cars, mobile equipment and miscellaneous fabrications. Plate may be ordered to
mechanical properties only or ordered to both mechanical properties and chemical composition
ranges. When ordered to mechanical properties only, there are no limits or ranges for carbon and
manganese. Chemistry is adjusted by the producer to obtain the specified mechanical properties.
When the carbon and manganese ranges must be controlled within certain limits as is the case
for consistent ease of welding, chemical ranges are specified along with mechanical properties.
General requirements for structural quality plate are covered by ASTM A6.
Plate of this quality may also be ordered to chemical ranges without mechanical requirements.
This plate is produced to ladle chemical ranges and limits. SAE steels such as 1020, 1035, etc.,
are examples of specified chemistry.
Pressure Vessel Quality plate is intended for applications in pressure vessels and similar end
uses. The manufacturing practices for plate intended for pressure vessel or similar applications
are set up to provide plate with improved quality. Additional testing, than that required for
structural quality plate, is also required. General requirements for pressure vessel quality plate are
covered by ASTM A20.
Forging Quality plate is intended for forging, heat treating, or similar purposes or when
formity of composition and freedom from injurious imperfections are essential.

uni-

USS TRIMAX plate is carbon, high strength low alloy, and alloy steels produced with improved
steelmaking practices to minimize the size and frequency of manganese sulfide, silicate and
aluminum oxide non-metallic inclusions. USS TRIMAX steels have restricted sulfur content of
0.006% maximum and through-thickness reduction of area values of 20% minimum or higher.
USS HIC Resistant plate is pressure vessel steel intended for use in H2S environment (wet sour
gas environment) which has resistance to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC). USS HIC Resistant
steel is produced using a clean steel practice with an inclusion shape control process and a
restricted sulfur level of 0.003% maximum. HIC testing is in accordance with NACE Standard
TM-0284-87 using either the BP solution or the NACE TM-01-77 solution. Limits on CLR, CTR and
CSR along with any other restriction are generally agreed to prior to order entry.

Plate Steels
Types of Heat Treatment
Annealing usually suggests that there will be some machining or severe forming in the first
processing operation. Therefore, the steel should be in a soft condition.
Annealing consists of heating the steel either in or near its critical temperature range followed by
an extended slow furnace cool. A full anneal is when the steel is heated above its critical temperature range.
Normalizing is used to refine the grain structure left after mill rolling or forging. It provides
uniform grain structure and improves toughness which is important in machining and roll forming
or bending.
In normalizing, the material is air cooled after heating to temperatures above the critical temperature.
Quench and Temper steel is rapidly cooled from above its critical temperature range
(austenitizing) to a temperature far below this range. Water or oil is used to accelerate the cooling.
In the as-quenched condition, the product is not suitable for most commercial applications
because of its lower ductility and high hardness. The steel must, therefore, be tempered in order
to soften it somewhat to improve its ductility and toughness and relieve internal stresses.
Tempering is a reheating treatment done at lower temperatures usually in the range between 400F
and 1300F.
Stress Relieve, as the name implies, is a heat treatment designed to relieve residual stresses in
the steel. These stresses may result from cold working operations, from machining, or from
welding.
The treatment consists of slowly and carefully heating the part to about 1000 to 1200F and,
after holding at this temperature for a period of time, slowly cooling the steel in the furnace or still
air.

Metrics
A Note on the Units in This Book: ASTM and other standards-writing bodies have changed their
strength units from lbs. per square inch (psi) to 1,000 lbs. per square inch (ksi). For
example, ASTM A285 formerly specified yield point for Grade A as 24,000 psi, whereas today
it
is specified as 24 ksi.
Most major specifications are also providing SI conversions. Sl (for Systeme Internationale) is a
refinement of the metric system. The Sl unit of length, width and thickness of plates is the
millimeter (mm) and one inch equals 25.4 mm. The SI unit of stress or pressure is the
megapascal (MPa) and one ksi equals 6.89 MPa. The unit of mass (weight) is the kilogram (kg)
and one pound equals 0.4536 kg. This booklet shows the customary English units, which are to be
regarded as the standard. These useful conversions were made using the factors above. More
detailed information is available from specifications and U. S. Steel Customer Technical Service
Representatives.

Plate Steels
U. S. Steel Metric Thicknesses for Carbon, High Strength Low Alloy, and Alloy Plate are generally
consistent with the thicknesses designated by American National Standards Institute, ANSI
B32.3-1974. Material ordered and accepted in metric units will be invoiced and marked in metric units.
Our mill prices for the following USS Metric Thicknesses are the same as our mill prices for their
equivalent English dimensions and specifications.
Orders for metric thicknesses other than USS Metric Thicknesses must be expressed in
customary English units and resulting shipping papers and invoices will likewise show only
customary English units.
Where metric tolerances are not shown our present standard English unit tolerances will apply.
Metric as used herein refers to the Sl (International System of Units).
Conversion of weights between English units and Metric units is on the following basis
one kilogram equals 2.2046 pounds or one pound equals 0.4536 kilograms.

USS Table of Even GagesMetric and English Units

Inches
Gage
3

/16

7
/32

1
/4

9
/32
5
/16

11
/32

3
/8

13
/32

7
/16
15
/32

1
/2

9
/16
5
/8

Millimetres

Decimal
Gage

Wt. per
Sq. ft.

5
5.5

10

11

12

14

.1875
.1969
.2165
.2188
.2362
.2500
.2756
.2813
.3125
.3150
.3438
.3543
.3750
.3937
.4063
.4331
.4375
.4688
.4724
.5000
.5512
.5625
.6250

7.66

8.93

10.21

11.49
12.76

14.04

15.32

16.59

17.87
19.15

20.42

22.97
25.53

Inch
Gage

Millimetres

Decimal
Gage

Wt. per
Sq. ft.

/16

3
/4

13
/16

7
/8
15
/16

16

18

20

22

25

28
30
32
35
38
40
45
50
55
60

.6299
.6875
.7087
.7500
.7874
.8125
.8661
.8750
.9375
.9843
1.0000
1.1024
1.1811
1.2598
1.3780
1.4961
1.5748
1.7717
1.9685
2.1654
2.3622

28.08

30.63

33-18

35.74
38.29

40.84

11

(See
Note A)

(See
Note B)

Note:
(A) Over 1 in. thru 3 in. in 1/8 in. increments. Over 3 in. in 1/4 in, increments.
(B) Over 60 mm thru 200 mm in 10 mm increments. Over 200 mm in 50 mm increments.

Plate Steels
U. S. Steel Plate Mill Data
Melt Source: USS Gary Works BOP and Q-BOP with ladle metallurgy and vacuum degassing
facilities.
Slab Source: Three continuous slab casters supplemented by ingot.
Rolling Mill: USS Gary Works 160" plate mill.
Sizes Available*:

Thickness - Dependent upon specification and slab capability

Width - 42" to 152" incl.
Length - 96" to 1416" incl.

Note: When heat treating is required, 600" is the maximum length.

*Other sizes subject to inquiry.

Not available in all grades. For availability, contact nearest U. S. Steel sales office.
Heat Treatment: Anneal, normalize, normalize and temper, quench and temper, stress relieve.
Gage Control: Hydraulic automatic with computerized rolling model.
Processes: Descale, prime, paint, flame cut, ultrasonic inspect.

Plate Mill As-Rolled Shear Plate Length (In.) Availability

Gage
3

/16
/4
/16
3
/8
7
/16
1
/2
9
/16
5
/8
11
/16
3
/4
13
/16
7
/8
15
/16
1"
1
1 /8
11/4
13/8
11/2
1

Gage

72
Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

102
Max

728
693
596
524
591
532
485
445
411
382
360
360
360
360
360
360

1110
1230
1230
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416

675
643
553
486
609
549
500
458
425
394
368
360
360
360
360
360

1110
1230
1230
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1322

629
600
516
453
568
512
466
428
395
367
360
360
360
360
360
360

1110
1230
1230
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1378
1239
1125
1030

590
562
484
425
585
527
480
441
407
378
360
360
360
360
360
360

1110
1230
1230
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1289
1159
1052
963

555
528
455
399
550
496
452
414
383
360
360
360
360
360
360
360

1110
1230
1230
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1364
1211
1089
988
904

523
499
430
377
567
511
465
427
394
367
360
360
360
360
360
360

1110
1230
1230
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1373
1286
1142
1026
931
852

Min

114
Max

126
Min Max

Min

132
Max

Min

138
Max

Min

144
Max

376
360
360
360
446
402
366
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360

1000
1000
990
1230
1230
1230
1230
1226
1132
1054
979
917
813
730
662
605

Min

78

84

90

96

108
Min
Max

INQUIRE
INQUIRE

120
Min
Max

496
472
407
360
536
484
440
404
373
360
360
360
360
360
360
360

1000
1230
1230
1416
1416
1416
1416
1416
1375
1392
1298
1217
1080
970
881
806

150
Min
Max

/16 INQUIRE
/4
INQUIRE
5
/16
471
1000
444
1000
427 1000
409
1000 392
1000
3
/8
448
1000
427
1000
407 1000
389
1000 373
1000
7
/16
386
1110
368
1110
360 1110
360
990 360
990
1
/2
360
1230
360
1230
360 1230
360
1230 360
1230
9
/16
559
1230
532
1230
508 1230
486
1230 465
1230
5
/8
504
1230
480
1230
458 1230
438
1230 419
1230
11
/16
459
1230
437
1230
417 1230
399
1230 382
1230
3
/4
421
1230
401
1230
383 1230
366
1230 360
1230
13
/16
389
1230
370
1230
360 1230
360
1230 360
1180
7
/8
362
1230
360
1230
360 1197
360
1144 360
1095
15
/16
360
1230
360
1171
360 1117
360
1067 360
1021
1"
360
1230
360
1098
360 1046
360
999 360
956
11/8
360
1024
360
974
360
928
360
887 360
848
11/4
360
920
360
875
360
834
360
796 360
762
13/8
360
835
360
794
360
756
360
722 360
691
11/2
360
764
360
726
360
692
360
660 360
632
Minimum and maximum (shear) plate length runout produced from a caster slab.
Ordered Length must be multed-up to meet mill minimum.
Ordered Length must not exceed mill maximum.
Inquire for specific size required. (May be outside of above limits.)
1

360
360
360
429
387
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360

1000
990
1230
1230
1230
1230
1178
1087
1008
960
880
781
701
636
581

Plate Steels
Plate Mill As-Rolled Flame Cut Plate Length (In.) Availability
Gage
1

/2
3
/4
1
11/4
11/2
15/8
13/4
17/8
2
21/4
21/2
23/4
3
31/4
31/2
33/4
4
Gage
1

/2
3
/4
1
11/4
11/2
15/8
13/4
17/8
2
21/4
21/2
23/4
3
31/4
31/2
33/4
4

72

78

84

90

96

102

108

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

672
451
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

976
976
976
976
976
976
976
976
976
776
776
776
776
776
776
776
696

692
464
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

976
976
976
976
976
976
976
976
976
776
776
720
656
604
559
521
487

644
432
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

976
976
976
976
976
960
888
827
775
686
616
558
508
467
432
402
376

664
445
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

976
976
976
976
974
897
829
773
724
641
575
521
474
436
403
375
348

624
419
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

976
976
976
976
914
842
778
725
679
601
539
488
444
408
378
351
328

642
431
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

776
776
776
776
776
776
719
670
627
555
497
450
409
376
348
323
308

608
408
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

765
776
776
776
776
729
674
627
587
520
466
421
383
352
325
302
282

114

120

126

132

138

144

150

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

633
425
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

773
776
776
776
771
692
639
595
557
439
441
399
363
333
308
286
267

602
404
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

758
776
776
776
732
653
603
561
525
464
416
376
342
314
290
269
251

574
385
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

776
776
776
730
697
622
573
534
499
441
395
357
324
298
275
255
238

549
368
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

776
776
776
776
665
595
547
510
477
422
377
341
309
284
262
243
227

526
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

776
776
776
767
636
569
524
488
456
403
356
326
296
271
250
232
216

505
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

776
776
776
735
610
546
502
468
437
386
346
312
283
260
240
222
207

485
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
240
240
240
240
180
180
180
180
150

776
776
776
706
585
524
482
449
420
371
332
300
271
249
230
213
198

Minimum and maximum (flame cut) plate length runout produced from a caster slab.
Ordered Length must be multed-up to meet mill minimum.
Ordered Length must not exceed mill maximum.
Inquire for specific size required. (May be outside of above limits.)

Plate Steels
Narrow Bridge Capabilities
Gage
inches
5

/16
3
/8
7
/16
1
/2
9
/16
5
/8
11
/16
3
/4
13
/16
7
/8
15
/16
1
11/8
11/4
13/8
11/2

Width (in.)
60
Min
965
800
690
610
540
490
440
405
375
350
325
305
270
245
220
205

64
Max
1150
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250

Min
910
760
650
570
510
455
415
380
350
325
305
285
255
230
205
190

68
Max
1150
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250

Min
855
715
610
535
475
430
390
360
330
305
285
270
240
215
195
180

72
Max
1150
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250

Min
805
675
575
505
450
405
370
340
310
290
270
255
225
200
185
170

Max
1150
1476
1476
1476
1476
1476
1476
1476
1476
1476
1476
1476
1476
1476
1476
1476

U. S. Steel Strip Mill Plate Data

Melt Source: USS Gary Works BOP and Q-BOP with ladle metallurgy and vacuum degassing
facilities.
Slab Source: Three continuous slab casters.
Rolling Mill: Gary 84" hot strip mill.
Sizes Available*:

Thickness - 3/16" to 5/8" incl.

Width - 36" to 74" incl.
Length - 96" to 540" incl.

Not available in all grades. For availability, contact nearest U.S. Steel sales office.
*Note: Other sizes subject to inquiry

General Information and Tolerances

The following pages contain pertinent information and tolerances selected
from various ASTM and AISI publications which may be used as a guide
to better define product characteristics. It must be recognized that this
information, under no circumstances, should be interpreted as being a substitute for complete specifications such as ASTM A6, ASTM A20, or the AISI
product manual.

General Information and Tolerances

Surface Cleanliness
In producing plate, the presence of oil or grease on the finished product may be encountered and
its presence will not be considered a basis for rejection or claim.

Customary Location of Test Specimens for ASTM and

Similar Steel Plate Specifications

Quality

Tensile

Bend
When Specified

Impact

Structural ...............

Width thru 24" B or B'

Width over 24" A or A'

B or B'
A or A'*

B or B'
A or A'*

Pressure Vessel ......

A or A'

B or B'
A or A'*

Transverse specimens.
Drillings for Product Analysis can be obtained from broken Tensile Test Specimens.
When an additional Tension Test is specified, specimen will be obtained from a corner at the opposite end of the plate.

Plate Produced From Coil

APPROXIMATE
CENTER
LAP

Quality
Structural ................

Bend**
When Specified

Tensile
Width thru 24" D or D'
and E or E'
Width over 24" A or A'*
and B or B'*

Pressure Vessel ......

A or A' and B or B'

and C or C'*

D or D'
A or A'*

Transverse specimens.
**No. of tests must be specified.

10

Impact
D or D' and E or E'
and F or F'
A or A' and B or B'
and C or C'*
D or D' and E or E'
and F or F'
A or A' and B or B'
and C or C'*

General Information and Tolerances

Chemistry
When a chemical composition is specified for Carbon or Alloy Steel Plate, it is subject to our
standard ranges and limits outlined in Tables 1 and 2. When chemical composition ranges or
limits based on Product Analysis of the finished steel are specified, the ranges or limits are
increased by the amounts shown in Tables 1 and 3 under Product Analysis Tolerances.
When a chemical element is specified or required more restrictive than the Cast or Heat Ranges
shown in Tables 1 and 2 and such restrictive range or limit is within our ability to produce, the
appropriate extra for restricted chemistry is applicable.

Table 1 Carbon Steel Chemical Ranges and Limits, Percent

Cast
or
Heat
Ranges*

When Maximum of
Specified Range is:
Percent
Carbon
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over

.15
.30
.40
.60
.80

Thru .15
thru .30
thru .40
thru .60
thru .80
thru 1.35

.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............

.05
.06
.07
.08
.11
.14

.02
.03
.03
.03
.03
.03

.03
.04
.04
.05
.05
.06

Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over

.50
.60
.90
1.15
1.20
1.35
1.65

Thru .50
thru .60
thru .90
thru 1.15
thru 1.20
thru 1.35
thru 1.65
thru 1.95

.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............

.20
.30
.30
.30
.35
.35
.35
.35

.05
.05
.06
.08
.08
.09
.09
.11

.05
.06
.08
.10
.10
.11
.12
.14

Over

Thru .08 .............

.08 thru .15 .............

.03
.05

.01
.01

Over
Over
Over

Thru
.08 thru
.15 thru
.23 thru

.08
.15
.22
.33

.............
.............
.............
.............

.03
.05
.07
.10

.01
.01
.01
.01

Over
Over
Over

Thru
.15 thru
.30 thru
.40 thru

.15
.30
.40
.60

.............
.............
.............
.............

.08
.15
.25
.30

.02
.02
.05
.06

.03
.03
.05
.06

.02

Manganese

Phosphorus
Sulphur

Silicon

Copper

Product Analysis
Tolerances
Under
Over
Minimum
Maximum
Limit
Limit

When required, .20 minimum

is generally specified.

* The Cast or Heat Range is the arithmetical difference between the two limits. For example Carbon .18% through
.25% is a seven point range. The Carbon Ranges apply when the specified maximum limit for
Manganese
does not exceed 1.00%. When the maximum Manganese limit exceeds 1.00%, .01 is added to the Carbon Range.

11

General Information and Tolerances

Chemistry
Table 2 - Cast or Heat Ranges for Alloy Steel Plate

Element
Carbon

When Maximum of Specified

Element is, per cent
To 0.25, incl. ...................................
Over 0.25 to 0.40, incl. ...................
Over 0.40 to 0.55, incl. ...................
Over 0.55 to 0.70, incl. ...................
Over 0.70 ........................................

Range
per cent
Open Hearth
or Basic Oxygen
Steels
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.11
0.14

Electric
Furnace
Steels
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.10
0.13

Manganese

To 0.45, incl. ...................................

Over 0.45 to 0.80, incl. ...................
Over 0.80 to 1.15, incl. ...................
Over 1.15 to 1.70, incl. ...................
Over 1.70 to 2.10, incl. ...................

0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40

0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35

Sulfur

To 0.060, incl. .................................

Over 0.060 to 0.100, incl. ...............
Over 0.100 to 0.140, incl. ...............

0.02
0.04
0.05

0.02
0.04
0.05

Silicon

To 0.15, incl. ...................................

Over 0.15 to 0.20, incl. ...................
Over 0.20 to 0.40, incl. ...................
Over 0.40 to 0.60, incl. ...................
Over 0.60 to 1.00, incl. ...................
Over 1.00 to 2.20, incl. ...................

0.08
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.30
0.40

0.08
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.30
0.35

Copper

To 0.60, incl. ...................................

Over 0.60 to 1.50, incl. ...................
Over 1.50 to 2.00, incl. ...................

0.20
0.30
0.35

0.20
0.30
0.35

Nickel

To 0.50, incl. ...................................

Over 0.50 to 1.50, incl. ...................
Over 1.50 to 2.00, incl. ...................
Over 2.00 to 3.00, incl. ...................
Over 3.00 to 5.30, incl. ...................
Over 5.30 to 10.00, incl. .................

0.20
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.50
1.00

0.20
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.50
1.00

Chromium

To 0.40, incl. ...................................

Over 0.40 to 0.80, incl. ...................
Over 0.80 to 1.05, incl. ...................
Over 1.05 to 1.25, incl. ...................
Over 1.25 to 1.75, incl. ...................
Over 1.75 to 3.99, incl. ...................

0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.50
0.60

0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.40
0.50

Molybdenum

To 0.10, incl. ...................................

Over 0.10 to 0.20, incl. ...................
Over 0.20 to 0.50, incl. ...................
Over 0.50 to 0.80, incl. ...................
Over 0.80 to 1.15, incl. ...................

0.05
0.07
0.10
0.15
0.20

0.05
0.07
0.10
0.15
0.20

Vanadium

To 0.25, incl. ...................................

Over 0.25 to 0.50, incl. ...................

0.05
0.10

0.05
0.10

12

General Information and Tolerances

Chemistry
Table 3 Tolerances for Product Analysis Alloy Steel Plate
Standard
Variation

Element

Maximum of Specified
Element
per cent

Under
Minimum
Limit

Over
Maximum
Limit

Carbon

To 0.30 incl. ......................................

Over 0.30 to 0.75 incl. ......................
Over 0.75 .........................................

0.02
0.03
0.04

0.02
0.03
0.04

Manganese

To 0.60 incl. ......................................

Over 0.60 to 0.90 incl. ......................
Over 0.90 to 1.20 incl. ......................
Over 1.20 to 1.35 incl. ......................
Over 1.35 to 1.65 incl. ......................
Over 1.65 to 1.95 incl. ......................
Over 1.95 .........................................

0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.11
0.12

0.06
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.16

Phosphorus

Over Max. only .................................

Sulfur

.........................................................

0.01

0.01

Silicon

To 0.40 incl. ......................................

Over 0.40 to 2.20 incl. ......................

0.02
0.06

0.02
0.06

Copper

To 1.00 incl. ......................................

Over 1.00 to 2.00 incl. ......................

0.03
0.05

0.03
0.05

Nickel

To 1.00 incl. ......................................

Over 1.00 to 2.00 incl. ......................
Over 2.00 to 5.30 incl. ......................
Over 5.30 .........................................

0.03
0.05
0.07
0.10

0.03
0.05
0.07
0.10

Chromium

To 0.90 incl. ......................................

Over 0.90 to 2.10 incl. ......................
Over 2.10 to 3.99 incl. ......................

0.04
0.06
0.10

0.04
0.06
0.10

Molybdenum

To 0.20 incl. ......................................

Over 0.20 to 0.40 incl. ......................
Over 0.40 to 1.15 incl. ......................

0.01
0.03
0.04

0.01
0.03
0.04

Tungsten

To 1.00 incl. ......................................

Over 1.00 to 4.00 incl. ......................

0.05
0.09

0.05
0.09

Vanadium

To 0.10 incl. ......................................

Over 0.10 to 0.25 incl. ......................
Over 0.25 to 0.50 incl. ......................
Minimum Value only specified,
check under Min. ..............................

0.01
0.02
0.03

0.01
0.02
0.03

Up to 0.10 incl. .................................

Over 0.10 to 0.20 incl. ......................
Over 0.20 to 0.30 incl. ......................
Over 0.30 to 0.80 incl. ......................
Over 0.80 to 1.80 incl. ......................

0.03
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.10

Aluminum

13

0.01

0.01
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.10

General Information and Tolerances

Conditioning
Imperfections that do not affect the utility of the plate are not considered injurious defects. Some
plate is conditioned for the removal of surface imperfections or depressions on either surface by
grinding, provided the ground area is well flared and grinding does not reduce the thickness of the
as-rolled plate:
Structural or Forging Quality
1. More than 7% of the nominal thickness for plate specified to weight per square foot, but in no
case more than 1/8".
2. Below the permissible minimum thickness for plate specified to thickness in inches.
Pressure Vessel Quality
1. Below the permissible minimum thickness for plate specified to thickness in inches.
Structural and Forging quality plate can have surface imperfections removed by chipping and
then depositing weld metal, in accordance with the conditions noted below:
1. The chipped area of each surface of a plate should not exceed 2% of the area of that surface.
2. After removal of any imperfections preparatory to welding, the thickness of the plate at any
location should not be reduced more than 30% of the nominal thickness of the plate.
3. When welding is performed, the welds shall be sound and the weld metal thoroughly fused on
all surfaces and edges without undercutting or overlap. The weld metal should project at least
1
/16" above the rolled surface, and the projecting metal will be removed by grinding or chipping
and grinding to make it flush with the rolled surface.
Pressure Vessel quality plate which have surface imperfections removed and is below the
minimum plate thickness, shall be considered rejected. By agreement with the purchaser, weld
repair may be accomplished by the purchaser.
Requirements involving limitations restricting the use of the above conditioning procedures are
subject to inquiry.

Toughness
Toughness can be broadly defined as the ability of the steel to absorb energy by deforming
plastically prior to fracture. This property is influenced by chemical composition, microstructure,
temperature, thickness and strength level. Of the several methods of determining the toughness
level of steel, the Charpy V-Notch Impact Test is probably the most widely accepted. This test
determines the energy absorbed to break a notched specimen under impact loading. The temperature at which the specimens are tested is usually specified. Other criteria for the Charpy Test
such as lateral expansion opposite the notch (plastic flow) and fracture appearance
(percent
ductile or brittle) are sometimes specified.
The toughness of as-rolled steels (not heat treated) can be expected to vary from plate to plate
since it is not practical to control this property precisely with normal mill practices.

14

General Information and Tolerances

Tolerances
Table 1 Permissible Variations in Thickness for Rectangular Carbon, High
Strength Low Alloy, and Alloy-Steel Plate, 15 in. and under in Thickness When
Ordered to Thickness. Structural, Forging and Pressure Vessel Quality.
Tolerance Over Specified Thickness, For Widths Given, Inches
Specified
Thickness,
Inches
To under 1/4
/4 to under 5/16
5
/16 to under 3/8
3
/8 to under 7/16
7
/16 to under 1/2
1
/2 to under 5/8
5
/8 to under 3/4
3
/4 to under 1
1 to under 2
2 to under 3
3 to under 4
4 to under 6
6 to under 10
10 to under 12
12 thru 15
1

Over
48 to
Thru under
48
60
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.11
0.15
0.23
0.29
0.29

0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.11
0.15
0.24
0.29
0.29

60 to
under
72

72 to
under
84

84 to
under
96

96 to
under
108

108 to
under
120

120 to
under
132

132 to
under
144

144 to
under
168

168 to
under
182

182
and
Over

0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.11
0.15
0.24
0.33
0.35

0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.10
0.11
0.15
0.24
0.33
0.35

0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.10
0.11
0.15
0.24
0.33
0.35

0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.07
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.24
0.33
0.35

0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.08
0.12
0.14
0.15
0.24
0.33
0.35

0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.10
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.24
0.33
0.35

0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.10
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.24
0.33
0.35

0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.11
0.15
0.15
0.20
0.27
0.33
0.35

0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.20
0.28
0.35
0.35

0.07
0.09
0.16

Tolerance under specified thickness 0.01".

Thickness to be measured 3/8" through 3/4" from the longitudinal edge.
For thickness measured at any location other than that specified above the permissible maximum over tolerance
shall be 13/4 times the amount shown above, rounded to the nearest 0.01".

15

General Information and Tolerances

Tolerances
Table 2 Permissible Variations in Weight for Rectangular Plate 613.0 lb/ft2 and
Under When Ordered to Weight. Structural and Forging Quality.
Tolerance Over and Under for Average Weight of Lots* for Widths given in
Inches, expressed in Percentages of the Specified Weights Per Square Foot

3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

7.5
6.5
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

9.0
7.0
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

3.0 11.0
3.0 8.0
3.0 7.5
3.0 6.0
3.0 5.5
3.0 5.0
3.0 4.5
2.5 4.0
2.5 3.5
2.5 3.5
2.0 2.5
1.0 2.5
1.0 2.5
1.0 2.5
1.0 2.5

3.0 13.0 3.0

3.0 9.0 3.0 12.0 3.0
3.0 8.0 3.0 11.0 3.0
3.0 7.0 3.0 9.0 3.0 10.0 3.0
3.0 6.0 3.0 8.0 3.0 9.0 3.0
3.0 5.5 3.0 7.0 3.0 8.0 3.0
3.0 5.0 3.0 6.5 3.0 7.0 3.0
3.0 4.5 3.0 6.0 3.0 6.5 3.0
3.0 4.0 3.0 5.5 3.0 6.0 3.0
3.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.5 3.0
2.0 2.5 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.5 2.0
1.0 2.5 1.0 3.0 1.0 3.5 1.0
1.0 2.5 1.0 2.5 1.0 3.0 1.0
1.0 2.5 1.0 2.5 1.0 2.5 1.0
1.0 2.5 1.0 2.5 1.0 2.5 1.0

*The term Lot means all the plate of each tabular width and weight group represented in each shipment.
SINGLE PLATE: Tolerance over shall be 11/3 times amounts indicated above.

16

Under

5.5
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0

168 to
thru
200
Over

3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

Under

Over

5.0
4.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0

144 to
under
168
Over

Under

3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

Under

Over

4.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0

132 to
under
144
Over

Under

3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

Under

Over

4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0

120 to
under
132
Over

Under

To 10, excl. .................

10 to 12.5, excl. ........
12.5 to 15.0, excl. .....
15 to 17.5, excl. ........
17.5 to 20, excl. ........
20 to 25, excl. ............
25 to 30, excl. ............
30 to 40, excl. ............
40 to 81.7, excl. ........
81.7 to 122.6, excl. ..
122.6 to 163.4, excl.
163.4 to 245.1, excl.
245.1 to 409.0, excl.
409.0 to 490.1, excl.
490.1 to 613.0, excl.

Under

Specified
Weight, Pounds
Per Square Foot

Over

108 to
under
120

Under

96 to
under
108

Over

84 to
under
96

Under

72 to
under
84

Over

60 to
under
72

Under

Over 48
under
60

Over

Thru
48

General Information and Tolerances

Tolerances
Table 3 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Sheared Plate 11/2" and
Under for Carbon and High Strength Low Alloy and 11/4" and Under for Alloy.
Structural, Forging and Pressure Vessel Quality.
Tolerance Over Specified Width and Length for
Thickness, Inches or Equivalent Weights,
Pounds Per Square Foot

Specified Dimensions,
Inches

To under 3/8
Length

Width

/8 to under 5/8

To under
15.32
Width

Length

Width

Length

To under 120

To under 60 .........
60 to under 84 .....
84 to under 108 ...
108 thru 200 ........

/8
7
/16
1
/2
5
/8

/2
5
/8
3
/4
7
/8

120 to under 240

To under 60 .........
60 to under 84 .....
84 to under 108 ...
108 thru 200 ........

/8
/2
9
/16
5
/8

/4
/4
7
/8
1

/2
/8
11
/16
3
/4

/8
/8
15
/16
11/8

To under 60 .........
60 to under 84 .....
84 to under 108 ...
108 thru 200 ........

/8
/2
9
/16
11
/16

1
1
1
11/8

/2
/8
11
/16
7
/8

11/8
11/8
11/8
11/4

To under 60 .........
60 to under 84 .....
84 to under 108 ...
108 thru 200 ........

/16
/2
9
/16
3
/4

11/8
11/4
11/4
13/8

/2
/8
3
/4
7
/8

11/4
13/8
13/8
11/2

To under 60 .........
60 to under 84 .....
84 to under 108 ...
108 thru 200 ........

/16
/2
5
/8
3
/4

11/4
13/8
13/8
11/2

/2
/8
3
/4
7
/8

11/2
11/2
11/2
15/8

To under 60 .........
60 to under 84 .....
84 to under 108 ...
108 thru 200 ........

/2
/8
5
/8
7
/8

13/4
13/4
13/4
13/4

/8
/4
3
/4
1

17/8
17/8
17/8
2

To under 60 .........
60 to under 84 .....
84 to under 108 ...
108 thru 200 ........

2
2
2
2

21/8
21/8
21/8
23/8

240 to under 360

360 to under 480

480 to under 600

600 to under 720

720 and Over

/16
/4
3
/4
1
3

/8 to under 1

1 thru 2

25.53
to under
40.84

40.84
thru
81.68

15.32
to under
25.53
/16
1
/2
5
/8
3
/4

/4
/8
7
/8
11/8
7

Tolerance under specified width and length, 1/4".

17

Width

Length

Width

/2
5
/8
3
/4
7
/8

/4
7
/8
1
11/8

/8
3
/4
1
11/8

1
1
11/8
11/4

/8
/4
13
/16
7
/8

1
1
11/8
11/4

11/8
11/4
13/8
13/8

/8
/4
7
/8
1

11/4
11/4
13/8
13/8

/8
/4
7
/8
1

13/8
11/2
11/2
15/8

/8
/4
7
/8
1

15/8
15/8
15/8
13/4

1
11/4

17/8
17/8
17/8
17/8

/4
/8
7
/8
11/8

17/8
17/8
17/8
21/4

7
/8
1
11/8
11/4

21/4
21/4
21/4
21/2

21/4
21/4
21/4
21/2

1
11/8
11/4
13/8

23/4
23/4
23/4
3

/8
11
/16
7
/8
1
7

/8

1
1
11/4

Length

/4
/8

1
11/8
3
7

/4
/8

1
11/4
3
7

/4
/8

1
11/4
3
7

/4
/8

11/2
11/2
11/2
13/4
15/8
15/8
17/8
17/8

General Information and Tolerances

Tolerances
Table 4 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Rectangular Carbon and
High Strength Low Alloy Plate When Gas Cutting is Specified or Required
Specified Thickness,
Inches
To under 2 .....................
2 to under 4 ...................
4 to under 6 ...................
6 to under 8 ...................
8 thru 15 .......................

Specified Weights,
Pounds Per Square Ft.
To under 81.68
81.68 to under 163.36
163.36 to under 245.04
245.04 to under 326.72
326.72 thru 612.60

Tolerance* Over Specified

Width or Length, Inches
1
/2
5
/8
3
/4
7
/8
1

*May be specified all under or divided over and under.

Table 5 Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Rectangular Alloy Plate
When Gas Cutting is Specified or Required
Specified Thickness,
Inches
To under 2 .....................
2 to under 4 ...................
4 to under 6 ...................
6 to under 8 ...................
8 thru 15 .......................

Specified Weights,
Pounds Per Square Ft.
To under 81.68
81.68 to under 163.36
163.36 to under 245.04
245.04 to under 326.72
326.72 thru 612.60

Tolerance* Over Specified

Width or Length, Inches
3
/4
1
11/8
15/16
11/2

*May be specified all under or divided over and under.

Strip Mill Plate

Table 6 Permissible Variations in Width for Mill Edge Carbon and High Strength
Low Alloy Plate Produced on Strip Mills
Specified
Width, Inches

Variations over Specified

Width, Inches*

To 14, excl.
14 to 17, excl.
17 to 19, excl.
19 to 21, excl.
21 to 24, excl.
24 to 26, excl.
26 to 28, excl.
28 to 35, excl.
35 to 50, excl.
50 to 60, excl.
60 to 65, excl.
65 to 70, excl.
70 to 80, excl.
80 and over

/16
/2
9
/16
5
/8
11
/16
13
/16
15
/16
11/8
11/4
11/2
15/8
13/4
17/8
2
1

*No permissible variation under specified width.

18

General Information and Tolerances

Tolerances
Flatness
For all plate, the longer dimension specified is considered the length, and flatness tolerance
along the length should not exceed the amounts indicated below for the specified width and
thickness in plate through 12' in length or in any 12' of longer plate. The flatness variations
across the width should not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width. When the
longer dimension is under 36", flatness tolerance should not exceed 1/4" for Carbon and 3/8" for
High Strength Low Alloy and Alloy. When the longer dimension is 36" through 72", the flatness
variation should not exceed 75% of the tabular amount on the specified width. For carbon
steels only, the flatness variation should not exceed 75% of the tabular amount or 1/4",
whichever is greater.

Permissible Variations From Flatness

Specified
Thickness,
Inches

Specified Weight,
Pounds Per Square
Foot

Flatness Tolerances for Specified Widths

(Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface)
Inches
36
48
60
72
84
96
108
To
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
under
under under under under under under under
36
48
60
72
84
96
108
120

120
to
under
144

144
to
under
168

168
thru
200

Table 7 Carbon Grades with a Specified Minimum Tensile Strength of

Not More Than 60,000 psi (or Related Chemistry or Hardness)
To under 1/4
1
/4 to under 3/8
3
/8 to under 1/2
1
/2 to under 3/4
3
/4 to under 1
1 to under 2
2 to under 4
4 to under 6
6 to under 8
8 to under 10
10 to under 12
12 thru 15

To under 10.2
10.2 to under 15.3
15.3 to under 20.4
20.4 to under 30.6
30.6 to under 40.8
40.8 to under 81.7
81.7 to under 163.4
163.4 to under 245.0
245.0 to under 326.7
326.7 to under 408.4
408.4 to under 490.1
490.1 thru 612.6

15

/ 16
/2
1
/2
7
/ 16
7
/ 16
3
/8
5
/ 16
3
/8
7
/ 16
1
/2
1
/2
5
/8

/4
/8
9
/ 16
1
/2
1
/2
1
/2
3
/8
7
/ 16
1
/2
1
/2
5
/8
3
/4

/ 16

/4
5
/8
9
/ 16
9
/ 16
1
/2
7
/ 16
1
/2
1
/2
5
/8
3
/4
13
/ 16

1 1/ 4
1 3/ 8
1 1/ 2
15
1
/16 1 /8
1 1/ 4
5
3
7
/8
/4
/8
5
5
3
/8
/8
/4
5
5
5
/8
/8
/8
9
9
5
/16
/16
/8
1
1
1
/2
/2
/2
1
9
9
/2
/16
/16
5
11
3
/8
/16
/4
11
3
13
/16
/4
/16
13
7
15
/16
/8
/16
7
15
/8
/16 1

1 5/ 8
1 3/ 8
1
1
3
/4
5
/8
1
/2
5
/8
7
/8
7
/8
1
1

1 3/ 4
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 8
1
7
/8
5
/8
9
/16
3
/4
7
/8
15
/16
1
1

1 7/ 8
1 5/ 8
1 1/ 4
1 1/ 8
1
11
/16
5
/8
7
/8
1
1
1
1

1 7/ 8
1 1/ 2
1 3/ 8
1 1/ 8
7
/8
7
/8
1
1
1
1

2 1/ 8
2
1 3/ 4
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 8
1
1
1
1
1

2 5/ 8
2 1/ 4
1 5/ 8
1 3/ 8
1 5/16
1
7
/8
1
1 /8
1 5/16
1 3/ 8
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 2

2 3/ 4
2 3/ 8
1 7/ 8
1 5/ 8
1 1/ 2
1
1
1 1/ 4
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 2

2 3/ 4
2 1/ 4
2
1 5/ 8
1 1/ 4
1 1/ 4
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 2

3 1/ 8
3
2 5/ 8
2 1/ 4
1 5/ 8
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 2

Table 8 Carbon, High Strength Low Alloy and Alloy Steel Plate,
Hot Rolled or Thermally Treated in Excess of 60,000 psi
To under 1/4
1
/4 to under 3/8
3
/8 to under 1/2
1
/2 to under 3/4
3
/4 to under 1
1 to under 2
2 to under 4
4 to under 6
6 to under 8
8 to under 10
10 to under 12
12 thru 15

To under 10.2
10.2 to under 15.3
15.3 to under 20.4
20.4 to under 30.6
30.6 to under 40.8
40.8 to under 81.7
81.7 to under 163.4
163.4 to under 245.0
245.0 to under 326.7
326.7 to under 408.4
408.4 to under 490.1
490.1 thru 612.6

13

/ 16
/4
3
/4
5
/8
5
/8
9
/ 16
1
/2
9
/ 16
5
/8
3
/4
3
/4
7
/8
3

1 1/ 8
15
/16
7
/8
3
/4
3
/4
5
/8
9
/16
11
/16
3
/4
13
/16
15
/16
1

1 3/ 8
1 1/ 8
15
/16
13
/16
7
/8
3
/4
11
/16
3
/4
3
/4
15
/16
1 1/ 8
1 3/16

19

1 7/ 8
1 3/ 8
15
/16
7
/8
7
/8
13
/16
3
/4
3
/4
15
/16
1
1 1/ 4
1 5/16

2
1 3/ 4
1 1/ 8
1
15
/16
7
/8
3
/4
7
/8
1
1 1/ 8
1 5/16
1 3/ 8

2 1/ 4
1 7/ 8
1 5/16
1 1/ 8
1
15
/16
3
/4
7
/8
1 1/ 8
1 1/ 4
1 3/ 8
1 1/ 2

2 3/ 8
2
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 4
1 1/ 8
1
3
/4
15
/16
1 1/ 4
1 5/16
1 1/ 2
1 1/ 2

Metric Dimensions
Tolerances Metric
Table 9 Permissible Variations in Thickness for Rectangular Carbon,
High Strength Low Alloy, and Alloy Steel Plate, 300 mm and Under in
Thickness When Ordered to Thickness
Tolerance Over Specified Thickness for Widths Given in Millimetres, mm
Specified
Thickness,
mm

1200
and
Under

Over
1200 to
1500,
excl.

1500 to
1800,
excl.

1800 to
2100,
excl.

2100 to
2400,
excl.

2400 to
2700,
excl.

2700 to
3000,
excl.

3000 to
3300,
excl.

3300 to
3600,
excl.

3600 to
4200,
excl.

4200
and
Over

5.0
5.5
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.0
25.0
28.0
30.0
32.0
35.0
38.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
110.0
120.0
130.0
140.0
150.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
250.0
300.0

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.4
5.8
7.5
7.5

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.4
5.8
7.5
7.5

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.4
6.0
7.5
9.0

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.4
6.0
7.5
9.0

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.4
6.0
7.5
9.0

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.8
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.4
6.0
7.5
9.0

0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.4
6.0
7.5
9.0

0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.4
6.0
7.5
9.0

1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.4
6.0
7.5
9.0

1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.4
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.6
5.6
5.6
6.3
7.0
7.5
9.0

1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.6
5.6
5.6
6.3
7.0
8.8
9.0

Tolerance under specified thickness 0.3 mm.

Thickness to be measured 10 through 20 mm from the longitudinal edge.
For thickness measured at any location other than that specified above the permissible maximum over tolerance shall
be 13/4 times the amount shown, rounded to the nearest 0.1 mm.
For specified thickness other than shown above, the tolerance for the next higher thickness shall apply.

20

Carbon
Steel
Plate

21

Carbon Steel Plate

Type of Steel
USS Designation

Characteristics

Application

Carbon 0.33 max.

Most economical plate

steel available.

Base plate and non-critical

application.

Specified chemistry, S.A.E.

Controlled chemistry range.

Applications not requiring

specified mechanical properties.

ASTM A283
Grades A, B, C & D

Low and intermediate

tensile strength, formable.

Storage tank construction,

above and below ground.

ASTM A36
AASHTO-M270 Grade 36
ASTM A709 Grade 36

Weldable, formable, with

good strength levels.

Structural application for welded,

bolted, and riveted buildings,
bridges and general fabrication.

ASTM A573
Grades 58, 65, 70

Structural quality made fully

killed to fine grain practice for
improved notch toughness.

Storage tanks where conditions require improved notch

toughness.

ASTM A131
ABS Part 2 Section 1
Grades A, B, D, E, DS, CS

Weldable, formable with 34 ksi

yield point min. Grades D, E,
CS and DS are fully killed fine
grain practice and normalized
for improved notch toughness.
Grade D may be control rolled
thru 13/8 in. (35 mm) thick.

Ordinary strength steels used

for structural portions of ships,
barges and general marine
equipment.

ASTM A285
Grades A, B and C

Lowest priced pressure vessel

quality plate (up to 2 [50mm]
thick) with good welding and
forming characteristics. Three
grades of low and intermediate
tensile strengths.

For boilers, pressure vessels,

and similar applications. Limited
to plate up to 2 (50mm) thick.

22

Carbon Steel Plate

Type of Steel
USS Designation

Characteristics

Application

ASTM A515
Grades 60, 65 & 70

Three tensile strength ranges

intended for intermediate or
elevated temperature service.

For boilers, pressure vessels,

and similar applications.

ASTM A516
Grades 55, 60, 65 & 60

Four tensile strength ranges

intended for use in moderate
and lower temperature applications where improved notch
toughness is required.

Pressure vessels and similar

applications where improved
notch toughness is important.

ASTM A612
AAR TC128

Killed carbon-manganesesilicon steel of pressure vessel

quality at moderate and lower
temperatures.

Railroad tank cars, LPG and

anhydrous ammonia vessels.

ASTM A455

Light gage max. 3/4 inch thick

pressure vessel quality plate
with good weldability and
formability.

LPG and anhydrous ammonia

vessels.

USS CON-PAC 80, 90

& 100

Quenched and tempered, fine

grain structural quality steels,
attractive strength-to-cost ratio
plus good notch toughness.

Mobile equipment and machinery

used for earth-moving, construction, and mining. Heavy
duty trucks, off-shore drilling

rigs,
and other equipment where
weight reduction is desirable.

ASTM A678 Grade C

USS CON-PAC M

Fine grain quenched and

tempered plate steel combines
high strength and low temperature notch toughness.

Same as CON-PAC 80, 90 & 100

where high stresses and low
temperature operating conditions are anticipated.

ASTM A537
ASTM A633-D
MIL-S-24113A
USS CHAR-PAC

Heat treated steel with

exceptionally good notch
toughness as well as high
strength.

Pressure vessels, tanks, for

liquefied gases, penstocks,
critically stressed parts of heavy
construction and transportation
equipment, nuclear containment
vessels.

23

ASTM A830 Carbon Steel Plate

S.A.E. Chemical Composition Limits, %
S.A.E. Number

Mn

1006
1008
1009
1010
1012
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1025
1026
1030
1033
1035
1037
1038
1039
1040
1042
1043
1045
1046
1049
1050
1055
1060
1064
1065
1070
1074
1078
1080
1084
1085
1086
1090
1095

0.08 Max.
0.10 Max.
0.15 Max.
0.08/0.13
0.10/0.15
0.12/0.18
0.12/0.18
0.14/0.20
0.14/0.20
0.14/0.20
0.17/0.23
0.17/0.23
0.17/0.23
0.19/0.25
0.22/0.28
0.22/0.28
0.27/0.34
0.29/0.36
0.31/0.38
0.31/0.38
0.34/0.42
0.36/0.44
0.36/0.44
0.38/0.47
0.39/0.47
0.42/0.50
0.42/0.50
0.45/0.53
0.47/0.55
0.5210.60
0.55/0.66
0.59/0.70
0.59/0.70
0.65/0.70
0.69/0.80
0.72/0.86
0.74/0.88
0.80/0.94
0.80/0.94
0.80/0.94
0.84/0.98
0.90/1.04

0.45 Max.
0.50 Max.
0.60 Max.
0.30/0.60
0.30/0.60
0.30/0.60
0.60/0.90
0.30/0.60
0.60/0.90
0.70/1.00
0.30/0.60
0.60/0.90
0.70/1.00
0.30/0.60
0.30/0.60
0.60/0.90
0.60/0.90
0.70/1.00
0.60/0.90
0.70/1.00
0.60/0.90
0.70/1.00
0.60/0.90
0.60/0.90
0.70/1.00
0.60/0.90
0.70/1.00
0.60/0.90
0.60/0.90
0.60/0.90
0.60/0.90
0.50/0.80
0.60/0.90
0.60/0.90
0.50/0.80
0.30/0.60
0.60/0.90
0.60/0.90
0.70/1.00
0.30/0.50
0.60/0.90
0.30/0.50

Note: P 0.035 Max. and Sulfur 0.04 max. are applicable to all grades.

24

ASTM A36
General Description
One of the most widely used carbon steel plate specifications for constructional purposes.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Yield Point, min., 36 ksi (250 MPa)
Tensile strength, 58 ksi/80 ksi (400/550 MPa)
Plates over 8 in. yield point 32 ksi (220 MPa)

Chemical Requirements%
To
/4 (20)

Over 3/4 (20)

to 11/2 (40)

Over 11/2 (40

to 21/2 (65)

Over 21/2 (65)

to 4 (100)

Over
4 (100)

0.25

0.25

0.26

0.27

0.29

0.80-1.20

0.80-1.20

0.85-12.0

0.85-1.20

0.40 max.

0.40 max.

0.15-0.40

0.15-0.40

0.15-0.40

Thickness In. (mm)

Carbon, max.
Manganese
Silicon

(Cast or Heat Analysis)

Note:
Copper 0.20 min. may be specified to improve atmospheric corrosion resistance.
May be produced to meet the requirements of AASHTO specification M270 Grade 36 or ASTM A709 Grade 36.

Application
Used in riveted, bolted, or welded construction of buildings, bridges and for general structural
purposes.

25

ASTM A131
ABS Part 2 Section 1
MIL-S-22698B
Ordinary strength Grades A, B, D, E, DS, CS
(For higher strength Grades AH, DH and EH, see page 36)

General Description
Ordinary strength steels for structural parts of ships, barges and marine equipment.

Mechanical Properties Tensile Requirements

Grades A, B, D, E, DS, CS
Yield point, min., ksi
(Mpa)
Tensile strength, ksi
(MPa)

34
(235)
58-71
(400-490)
Grade A

Impact Tests
Charpy V-Notch Temperature

Energy avg., min.

Longitudinal specimen
or
Transverse specimen

Grade B

Grade D

32F (0C)
over 1.0 in.
(25.4 mm)

14F
(10C)

20 Ft. Lb. (27J)

20 Ft. Lb. (27J)

14 Ft. Lb. (19J)

14 Ft. Lb. (19J)

Heat treatment

Normalize*
over 1.375 in.
(35 mm) thick
Grade E

Impact tests
Charpy V-Notch Temperature
Energy avg., min.
Longitudinal specimen
or
Transverse specimen

Grade DS

Grade CS

Normalize
over 1.375 in.
(35 mm) thick

Normalize

40F (40C)
20 Ft. Lb. (27J)
14 Ft. Lb. (19J)

Heat treatment

Normalize

*Control roll may be substituted for normalizing.

26

ASTM A131
Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)
Elements

Grade A
a

Carbon, max.
a

Manganese
Silicon
Elements

Carbon, max.a
a

Manganese
Silicon

0.23

Grade B

Grade D

0.21

0.21

0.80-1.10

0.70-1.35d,e

0.35 max.

0.10-0.35f
fine grain practice

Grade E

Grade DS

Grade CS

0.16

0.16

0.18
d

0.70-1.35

1.00-1.35

1.00-1.35d

0.10-0.35
fine grain practice

0.10-0.35
fine grain practice

0.10-0.35
fine grain practice

All grades carbon plus 1/6 of manganese shall not exceed 0.40%.
Maximum carbon of 0.26% acceptable for Grade A in thickness of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) and under.
c
Grade A over 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) shall have a minimum manganese content not less than 2.5 times the carbon
content.
d
For all grades, upper limit of manganese may be exceeded up to 1.65% provided carbon plus 1/6 of manganese
does not exceed 0.40%.
e
Grade D in thickness 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) or less, 0.60% minimum manganese acceptable.
f
Lower limits of silicon does not apply to semi-skilled Grade D.
b

Application
Hulls and structural parts of ships, barges and marine equipment.

27

ASTM A283
General Description
Low and intermediate tensile strength carbon steel plate of structural quality.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Grade A

Grade B

Grade C

Grade D

Yiield point, min., ksi

(MPa)

24
(165)

27
(185)

30
(205)

33
(230)

Tensile strength, ksi

(MPa)

45-60
(310-415)

50-65
(345-450)

55-75
(380-515)

60-80
(415-550)

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Element

Grade A

Grade B

Grade C

Grade D

Carbon, max.

0.14

0.17

0.24

0.27

Manganese, max.

0.90

0.90

0.90

0.90

Silicon
Plate to 11/2 in. (40 mm),
incl. (max)

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.15-0.40

0.15-0.40

0.15-0.40

0.15-0.40

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

Plate over 1 /2 in. (40 mm)

Copper, min. % when
specified

Application
Popular applications requiring some forming because of its low strength. It is often referred to
as tank steel since it is widely used for fabrication of both above ground and below ground
storage tanks.

28

ASTM A285
General Description
Three grades of carbon steel plate which are the most economically priced plate available for
boilers, pressure vessels, and equivalent applications.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Yield Strength, min., ksi
(MPa)
Tensile Strength, ksi
(MPa)

Grade A

Grade B

Grade C

24
(165)

27
(185)

30
(205)

45-65
(310-450)

50-70
(345-485)

55-75
(380-515)

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Elements

Grade A

Grade B

Grade C

Carbon - max.

0.17

0.22

0.28

Manganese - max.

0.90

0.90

0.90

Note:
This specification does not require killed steel be furnished.
Maximum thickness of plate to be ordered under this specification is 2 in. (50 mm).

Application
Intended for welded pressure vessels of low and intermediate tensile strengths.

29

ASTM A515
General Description
Carbon-silicon steel plate available in three tensile strength ranges (Grades 60, 65 and 70). Plate
in all thicknesses is silicon killed and is generally made to coarse grain practice.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Yield Strength, min.,
ksi
(MPa)
Tensile Strength,
ksi
(MPa)

Grade 60

Grade 65

Grade 70

32
(220)

35
(240)

38
(260)

60-80
(415-550)

65-85
(450-585)

70-90
(485-620)

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Elements

Grade 60

Grade 65

Grade 70

Carbon max.
1 in. and under (25 mm)
Over 1 to 2 in. (25-50 mm), incl.
Over 2 to 4 in. (50-100 mm), incl.
Over 4 to 8 in. (100-200 mm), incl.
Over 8 to 12 in. (200-300 mm), incl.
Manganese, max.
Phosphorous, max.
Sulfur, max
Silicon

0.24
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.31
0.90
0.035
0.04
0.15-0.40

0.28
0.31
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.90
0.035
0.04
0.15-0.40

0.31
0.33
0.35
0.35
0.35
1.20
0.035
0.04
0.15-0.40

Note:
Plate 2 in. (50 mm) Thick and Under is supplied in as-rolled condition unless ordered heat treated.
Plate Over 2 in. (50 mm) Thick shall be normalized.

Application
Intended primarily for intermediate or higher-temperature ser vice in welded boilers and other
pressure vessels.

30

ASTM A516
General Description
Carbon steel plate in four tensile strength ranges (Grades 55, 60, 65 and 70). Plate is made to a
fine grain practice.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Yield strength,
ksi
(MPa)
Tensile strength,
ksi
(MPa)

Grade 55

Grade 60

Grade 65

Grade 70

30
(205

32
(220)

35
(240)

38
(260)

55-75
(380-515)

60-80
(415-550)

65-85
(450-585)

70-90
(485-620)

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Elements

Grade 55

Grade 60

Grade 65

Grade 70

0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26

0.21
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.27

0.24
0.26
0.28
0.29
0.29

0.27
0.28
0.30
0.31
0.31

0.60-0.90
0.60-1.20

0.60-0.90
0.85-1.20

0.85-1.20
0.85-1.20

0.85-1.20
0.85-1.20

Phosphorous, max.

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.035

Sulfur, max.

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.15-0.40

0.15-0.40

0.15-0.40

0.15-0.40

Carbon, max.
1
/2 in., (12.5 mm) and under
Over 1/2 in. to 2 in. (12.5-50 mm), incl.
Over 2 in. to 4 in. (50-100 mm), incl.
Over 4 in. to 8 in. (100-200 mm), incl.
Over 8 in. (200 mm)
Manganese:
1
/2 in. (12.5 mm) and under:
Over 1/2 in. (12.5 mm):

Silicon

Note:
Plate 11/2 in. (38 mm) Thick and Under is supplied in as-rolled condition unless ordered heat treated.
Plate Over 11/2 in. (38 mm) Thick shall be normalized.
When Charpy V-Notch Impact Tests are required, the plate shall be normalized, regardless of thickness. Subject to
customer approval, accelerated cooling and tempering may be employed for improvement of toughness.

Application
Intended primarily for service in welded pressure vessels where improved notch toughness
is important.

31

ASTM A573
General Description
Structural quality plate fully killed and made to fine grain practice. Intended for service at atmospheric temperatures where improved notch toughness is important.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Grade 58

Grade 65

Grade 70

Yield point, min., ksi

(MPa)

32
(220)

35
(240)

42
(290)

Tensile Strength, ksi

(MPa)

58-71
(400-490)

65-77
(450-530)

70-90
(485-620)

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Element

Grade 58

Grade 65

Grade 70

0.23

0.24

0.27

0.23

0.26

0.28

Manganese

0.60-0.90*

0.85-1.20

0.85-1.20

Silicon

0.10-0.35*

0.15-0.40

0.15-0.40

Carbon, max.
1
/2 in. (12.7 mm) and under
1

over /2 in. (13 mm) to

11/2 in. (40 mm), incl.

*Upper limit of manganese may be exceeded provided the carbon content plus 1/6 manganese content
does not exceed 0.40%.

Application
Storage tanks where atmospheric conditions require improved notch toughness.

32

High Strength
Low Alloy
Steel Plate

33

High Strength Low Alloy Steel Plate

Type of Steel
USS Designation

Characteristics

Application

ASTM A572
Grades 42, 50, 60, 65
AASHTO M270 Grade 50
ASTM A709 Grade 50
MIL-S-13281D
USS EX-TEN
Grades 42, 45, 50, 55,
60, 65, 70

Most attractive strength to

price ratios strength with
economy.

ASTM A242 Type 1

USS COR-TEN A
smokeMIL-S-13281D
AASHTO M270 Grade 50W
ASTM A709 Grade 50W
ASTM A588 Grade A
USS COR-TEN B
ASTM A871USS COR-TEN C
ASTM A852USS COR-TEN B-QT
ASTM A709 Grade 70W
ASTM A709 Grade HPS 70W
AASHTO M270 Grade 70W
AASHTO M270 Grade HPS 70W

Strength with atmospheric

Bridges, buildings, freight cars,
corrosion resistance, in most construction equipment,

ASTM A633
Grades AUSS FORTY-TWO-N
Grades CUSS FIFTY-N
Grades EUSS SIXTY-N

Bridges, buildings, construction

equipment, freight cars,
machinery, truck parts, transmission towers, light standards.

environments, is substantially stack liners, precipitators,

better than that of carbon
transmission towers, heat
structural steels with or
exchangers, light standards.
without a copper addition
reduced weight and
maintenance.
Note: For methods of estimating
the atmospheric corrosion
resistance of low alloy steels,
see Guide ASTM G101.

Normalized high strength

steels economical for
critical applications where
improved toughness at low
temperatures is required.

34

Ships, offshore rigs, construction equipment, support

structures, mobile equipment,
drag lines, pipe fittings,
offshore platforms.

High Strength Low Alloy Steel Plate

Type of Steel
USS Designation

Characteristics

Application

API 2H
Grade 42
Grade 50

Normalized high strength steels

for critical applications where
improved toughness at low
temperature is required.

Offshore rigs and platforms

support structures, gas, oil and
chemical transmission and
processing, pipe fittings.

API 2Y
Grade 42
Grade 50 (USS O-TEN)
Grade 60

Q&T high strength steels for

critical applications where
improved toughness at low
temperature is required.

Offshore rigs and platforms

support structures, gas, oil and
chemical transmission and
processing, pipe fittings.

ABS Part 2 Section 1

ships,
ASTM A131
Grades AH, DH and EH

Higher strength steels with

Hull and structural parts of

yield strengths of 46 and 51 ksi.

DH and EH are normalized for
improved notch toughness.

barges and general marine

equipment, offshore rigs.

A series of high strength low

alloy steels offering improved

Construction equipment, crane

booms, truck frames and

weldability, formability and

notch toughness in the as-rolled
(control-rolled) condition.

fabrication. Offers improved

weldability, formability and notch
toughness in the as-rolled condition. Suitable at ambient and
low temperatures.

ASTM A656
Grade 50
general
Grade 60
Grade 70
Grade 80

35

ASTM A131
ABS Part 2 Section 1
MIL-S-22698B
Higher strength grades AH, DH and EH
(For ordinary strength grades A, B, D, E, DS, CS, see page 26)

General Description
Higher strength steels for structural parts of ships, barges and marine equipment.

Mechanical Properties Tensile Requirements

Yield point, min., ksi

(MPa)
Tensile strength, ksi
(MPa)
Grades

DH32

EH32

semi killed
or killed*

killed fine
grain practice

killed fine
grain practice

32F
(0C)**

4F
(20C)**

40F
(40C)

25
34
17
23

25
34
17
23

25
34
17
23

Aluminum
Treated

normalize
over 2 in. (51 mm)

normalize
over 1 in. (25.4 mm)

normalize

Columbium or
Vanadium Treated

normalize
over 2 in. (51 mm)

normalize
over 0.5 in. (12.5 mm)

normalize

AH36

DH36

EH36

semi killed
or killed*

killed fine
grain practice

killed fine
grain practice

32F
(0C)**

4F
(20C)**

40F
(40C)

25
34
17
23

25
34
17
23

25
34
17
23

Aluminum
Treated

normalize
over 2 in. (51 mm)

normalize
over 1 in. (25.4 mm)

normalize

Columbium or
Vanadium Treated

normalize
over 2 in. (51 mm)

normalize
over 0.5 in. (12.5 mm)

normalize

Impact Tests - Charpy V-Notch

Temperature
Energy - Avg. min.
Longitudinal Ft.-Lb.
or
J
Transverse Ft.-Lb.
J

Grades
Deoxidation
Impact Tests - Charpy V-Notch
Temperature
Energy - Avg. min.
Longitudinal Ft.-Lb.
or
J
Transverse Ft.-Lb.
J
Heat
Treatment

AH36, DH36
and EH36
51
(360)
71-90
(490-620)

AH32

Deoxidation

Heat
Treatment

Higher Strength Grades

AH32, DH32
and EH32
46
(315)
68-85
(470-585)

36

ASTM A131
Control rolling may be substituted for normalizing on Grade DH.
* Grade AH plate to 0.5 in. (12.5 mm) inclusive may be semi killed.
** Impact tests not required for AH, 0.5 in. (12.5 mm) and less in thickness and aluminum treated
Grade AH, 1.375 in. (35 mm) and less in thickness.
Impact tests are not required for any fully killed fine grain normalized Grade AH
and
DH 2 in. (51 mm) and less in thickness.

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Elements

All Grades AH, DH and EH

Carbon

0.18 max.

Manganese

0.90-1.60

Silicon

0.10-0.50

Nickel

0.40 max.

Chromium

0.25 max.

Molybdenum

0.08 max.

Copper

0.35 max.

Columbium

0.05 max.

Vanadium

0.10 max.

Need not be
reported unless
intentionally added.

Application
Hulls and structural parts of ships, barges and marine equipment, jack up rigs.

37

ASTM A455
General Description
High tensile strength carbon-manganese light gage plate intended for welded pressure vessels.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Thickness

Yield strength, min., ksi

(MPa)
Tensile strength, ksi
(MPa)

up to
0.375 in.
(9.5 mm)

over 0.375
to 0.580 in.
(15 mm)

over 0.580
to 0.750 in.
(20 mm)

38
(260)

37
(255)

35
(240)

75-95
(515-655)

73-93
(505-640)

70-90
(485-620)

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis) Elements

Elements
Carbon, max.a
Manganese
Phosphorous, max.
Sulfur, max.
Silicon, max.b

0.33
0.85-1.20
0.035
0.035
0.10

a
b

When silicon is higher than 0.10%, the carbon maximum shall be 0.28%.
At purchasers or producers option, silicon may be 0.40% max.

Application
Used in LPG and anhydrous ammonia vessels. Plate is usually supplied in the as-rolled
condition, but may be ordered normalized, or stress relieved or both.

38

ASTM A612
General Description
Killed, carbon-manganese-silicon, micro-alloyed high strength steel plate for welded pressure
vessels in service at moderate and lower temperatures. Made to fine grain practice.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Thickness

Yield strength, min., ksi

(MPa)
Tensile strength, ksi
(MPa)

0.5 in.
(12.5 mm)
and under

over 0.5 in.

to 1 in.
(over 12.5 mm to 25 mm)

50
(345)

50
(345)

83-105
(570-725)

81-101
(560-695)

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Elements

Carbon, max.
Manganese
Silicon

0.750 in.
(20 mm)
and under

over 0.750
to 1 in. incl.
(20 mm to 25 mm)

0.25
1.00-1.35
0.15-0.40

0.25
1.00-1.50
0.15-0.50

Small amounts of certain alloying elements will be present, but shall not exceed the following amounts:
Copper 0.35%, Nickel 0.25%, Chromium 0.25%, Molybdenum 0.08% and Vanadium 0.08%.
Note:
Also covered by AAR specification TC128.

Application
Railroad tank cars, truck transporters, LPG and anhydrous ammonia vessels. Plate is usually
supplied in the as-rolled condition, but may be ordered normalized, or stress relieved or both.

39

ASTM A656
Grades 50, 60, 70, 80
General Description
A series of high strength low alloy structural steels offering improved weldability, formability and
notch toughness in the as-rolled condition (control rolled). Yield strengths range from 50 ksi to
80 ksi (345 to 550MPa). Suitable at ambient and low temperatures.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Grade

50

60

70

80

Yield point, min., ksi

(MPa)

50
(345)

60
(415)

70
(485)

80
(550)

Tensile strength, min., ksi

(MPa)

60
(415)

70
(485)

80
(550)

90
(620)

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Type 3
Type 7
Type 3
Type 7
a

C max.

Mn max.

P max.

S max.

0.18
0.18

1.65
1.65

0.025
0.025

0.035
0.035

Si max.

Cb

0.020-max.
0.020-max.

0.005-0.15
0.10a-max.

0.60
0.60

0.08-max.
0.15a-max.

Cb or Va, or both, 0.005% min. When both are added, the total shall be 0.20% max.

Application
Construction equipment, crane booms, truck frames and general fabrication for use at ambient
and low temperatures.

40

USS CHAR-PAC
ASTM A537
General Description
Heat treated carbon-manganese-silicon steel plate with good notch toughness intended for welded
pressure vessels and structures.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Class

Heat
Treatment

Thickness
in. (mm)

Yield Strength
min., ksi
(MPa)

Tensile
Strength
ksi (MPa)

Normalized

21/2 (65)
and under

50
(345)

70-90
(485-620)

over 21/2 to
4 (65 to 100)

45
(310)

65-85
(450-585)

21/2 (65)
and under

60
(415)

80-100
(550-690)

over 21/2 to 4
(65 to 100)

55
(380)

75-95
(515-655)

Quenched &
Tempered

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Elements
Carbon, max.
Manganese
11/2 in. (38 mm) & under
over 11/2 in. (38 mm)
Phosphorous, max.
Sulfur, max.
Silicon

0.24
0.70-1.35
1.00-1.60
0.035
0.035
0.15-0.50

Note:
Small amounts of certain alloying elements will be present, but shall not exceed the following amounts:
Copper 0.35%, Nickel 0.25%, Chromium 0.25%, Molybdenum 0.08%.
May be produced to meet the requirements of ASTM A633 Grade D or MIL-S-24113A.

Application
USS CHAR-PAC steel plate is generally intended for such applications as pressure vessels, tanks
for liquefied gases, penstocks, critically stressed parts of heavy construction and
transportation equipment, and nuclear containment vessels.

41

USS CON-PAC 80, 90, 100

General Description
USS CON-PAC steels are quenched and tempered, fine-grain practice, structural quality carbon
steels. Their outstanding features are an attractive strength-to-cost ratio plus good notch toughness.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

CON-PAC 80

CON-PAC 90

CON-PAC 100

to 11/4 (32) incl.

to 1 (25) incl.

to 1 (25) incl.

Yield Strength
min, ksi (MPa)

80.0 (550)

90.0 (620)

100.0 (690)

Tensile Strength
min, ksi (MPa)

95.0 (650)

100.0 (690)

110.0 (760)

18

18

18

Thickness,
inches (mm)

Elongation in
2 in. (50 mm) min. %

Note: Test specimens, procedures, and elongation modifications subject to ASTM specifications. % Elongation
reduced 2% when tranverse tests are required.

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

1
2

Mn1

Si

B2

0.20 max.

1.35 max.

0.035 max.

0.040 max.

0.15-0.40

.0005 min.

For CON-PAC 100, the max. Mn is 1.50.

For CON-PAC 80, Boron may or may not be added in thicknesses 3/4 in. (19 mm) and under

Note: Fine-grain practice with small amounts of alloying elements.

Impact Values min. when specified(CharpyV-Notch per ASTM A370)

Temperature, F (C)

Minimum Average Values ft-lb (J)

Longitudinal

0 (18)
50 (46)
75 (59)

35 (47)
20 (27)
15 (20)

Note: Impact values at other temperatures or in the transverse direction are subject to negotiation.

Application
USS CON-PAC steels should be considered for mobile machinery (earthmoving, construction,
mining), fabricated plate girders and columns, heavy-duty trucks, offshore drilling rigs, and other

42

USS CON-PAC M
equipment where weight reduction is desirable.

ASTM A678 Grade C

General Description
USS CON-PAC M fine-grain quenched and tempered carbon plate steel combines high strength
and good low atmospheric temperature notch toughness.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Thickness, in.
(mm)

Thru /4
(19)

Over 3/4
thru 11/2
(19 to 38)

Yield Strength, min.

ksi (MPa)

75 (515)

70 (485)

65 (450)

60 (410)

Tensile Strength, ksi

(MPa)

95-115
(655-790)

90-110
(620-760)

85-105
(585-720)

80-100
(550-690)

Elong, in 2 in.
(50 mm), min., %**

19

19

19

19

Over 11/2
thru 2
(38 to 50)

Over 2
thru 4
(50 to 100)

** % elongation reduced 2% when transverse tests required.

Determined at 0.2% offset or EUL of 0.5%.
Note: Thicknesses over 2 thru 4 (50 to 100) available only as USS CON-PAC M. Test specimens, procedures and
elongation modifications shall conform to ASTM specifications.

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

C

Mn

Si

0.20 max.

1.60 max.

0.035 max.

0.040 max

.20/.50

Note: Small amounts of alloying elements may be present but will not exceed the following amounts: Cu 0.35; Ni
0.25; Cr 0.25; Mo 0.08; B 0.006.
ASTM A678 Grade C permits C-0.22 max.

Application
Some applications where USS CON-PAC M steel is appropriate are heavy-duty construction
equipment, off-shore platforms, earthmoving and mining equipment, towers, ships, and
any other requirements where high stresses and low atmospheric temperature operating
conditions are anticipated.

43

USS COR-TEN Steels

USS COR-TEN AASTM A242
USS COR-TEN BASTM A588
USS COR-TEN CASTM A871
USS COR-TEN B-QTASTM A852
General Description
A group of premier steels that combine relatively high strength, excellent resistance to atmospheric corrosion and good weldability. The atmospheric corrosion resistance, in most environments, is substantially better than that of carbon structural steels with or without a copper addition.
Note: For methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low alloy steel, see Guide ASTM G101.

USS COR-TEN A Mechanical Properties

Tensile Requirements
Thickness, inch (mm)

Plate to
/2 in. (12.7) incl.

Yield Point, min., ksi (MPa)

Tensile Strength, min., ksi (MPa)
Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm), min., %
Elongation in 8 in. (200 mm), min., %

50 (345)
70 (480)
22
18

USS COR-TEN B Mechanical Properties

Tensile Requirements
Thickness, inch (mm)
Yield Point, min, ksi (MPa)
Tensile Strength, min., ksi (MPa)
Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm), min., %
Elongation in 8 in. (200 mm), min., %

Plate to
4 in. (100) incl.

Plate over
4 to 5 in.
(100-125) incl.

Plate over
5 to 8 in.
(125-200) incl.

50 (345)
70 (480)
21
18

46 (314)
67 (460)
21

42 (290)
63 (435)
21

USS COR-TEN C Mechanical Properties

Tensile Requirements
Thickness, inch (mm)
Yield Point, min., ksi (MPa)
Tensile Strength, min., ksi (MPa)
Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm), min., %
Elongation in 8 in. (200 mm), min., %

Plate to
1 in. (25 mm) incl.
60 (415)
80 (550)
21
16

USS COR-TEN B-QT Mechanical Properties

Tensile Requirements
Thickness, inch (mm)
Yield strength, min., ksi (MPa)
Tensile strength, min., ksi (MPa)
Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm) min., %

Plate to
4 in. (100 mm)
70 (485)
90-110 (620-760)
19

Note On All Above: Test specimens, bend test requirements, procedures, and elongation modifications conform to
ASTM specifications,

44

USS COR-TEN Steels

USS COR-TEN
Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)
C

Mn

USS COR-TEN A

0.12 max.

0.20-0.50

0.07-0.15

0.05 max.

USS COR-TEN B

0.19 max.

0.80-1.25

0.04 max.

0.05 max.

USS COR-TEN C

0.19 max.

0.80-1.35

0.04 max.

0.05 max.

USS COR-TEN B-QT

0.19 max.

0.80-1.25

0.04 max.

0.05 max.

Si

Cu

Cr

Ni

USS COR-TEN A

0.25-0.75

0.25-0.55

0.50-1.25

0.65 max.

USS COR-TEN B

0.30-0.65

0.25-0.40

0.40-0.65

0.40 max.

0.02-0.10

USS COR-TEN C

0.30-0.65

0.25-0.40

0.40-0.70

0.40 max.

0.04-0.10

USS COR-TEN B-QT

0.30-0.65

0.25-0.40

0.40-0.65

0.40 max.

0.02-0.10

Application
Generally intended for applications requiring reduced weight, economy, durability, resistance to
atmospheric corrosion, and reduced maintenance. COR-TEN A and B are often used in the
unpainted (bare) condition.
Note: ASTM A 588 lists four grades (A, B, C and K). Grade A is USS Cor-Ten B.
USS Cor-Ten B may be produced to meet the requirements of AASHTO specifications M222, ASTM A709
Grade 50W, or MIL-S-13281D.
USS Cor-Ten A may be produced to meet the requirements of MIL-S-13281D.
USS Cor-Ten B-QT may be produced to meet the requirements of AASHTO specification M270 70W,
ASTM A852 or A709 Grade 70W.

45

USS EX-TEN
USS
USS
USS
USS
USS
USS
USS

EX-TEN
EX-TEN
EX-TEN
EX-TEN
EX-TEN
EX-TEN
EX-TEN

42ASTM A572 Grade 42

45Not included in ASTM A572
50ASTM A572 Grade 50
55ASTM A572 Grade 55
60ASTM A572 Grade 60
65ASTM A572 Grade 65
70Not included in ASTM A572

General Description
EX-TEN Steels are a series of general purpose high strength low alloy steels designed to offer
optimum combinations of strength, weldability, and notch toughness at economical costs.

Mechanical Properties &

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)
Composition
EX-TEN
Grade
42
45
50
55
60
65
70

C
max.
0.21*
0.22
0.23
0.25
0.26
0.26**
0.26

Mna
max.
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35

Yield
Point
min. ksi
(MPa)
42 (290)
45 (310)
50 (345)
55 (380)
60 (415)
65 (450)
70 (485)

Tensile
Strength,
min. ksi
(MPa)
60 (410)
60 (410)
65 (450)
70 (480)
75 (520)
80 (550)
85 (590)

Elongation
in 2 in.
(50 mm),
min., %
24
22
21
20
18

Elongation
in 8 in.
(200 mm),
min., %
20
19
18
17
16
15
14

* C is 0.24 max. for EX-TEN 42 Steel plate in thicknesses over 4 to 8 in. (100 to 200 mm) incl.
** C is 0.23 max. and Mn is 1.65 max. for plate in thicknesses over 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) to 11/4 in. (32 mm) inclusive.
a
A maximum of Manganese of 1.50% is permissible, with an associated reduction of the Carbon maximum of 0.03%.
Note:
For plate over 24 in. wide, transverse tension tests are taken and tabular elongation is reduced 2 percentage points.
Test specimens, bend test requirements, procedures, and elongation modifications conform to ASTM specifications.
These tensile strengths are also available when so ordered:
EX-TEN 42 Steel63 min., ksi (430 MPa)
EX-TEN 45 Steel65 min., ksi (450 MPa)
EX-TEN 50 Steel70 min., ksi (480 MPa)
All EX-TEN Steels have P 0.04 max.; S 0.05 max.; Si 0.40 max.; and Cb 0.01 min., or V 0.02 min. (singly or in
combination); or V 0.02 min., and N 0.015 max.
EX-TEN 50 may be produced to the requirements of AASHTO specification M223-50, ASTM A709 Grade 50 or
MIL-S-13281D.

46

USS EX-TEN
Size Availability
Thickness, in. (mm); incl.

EX-TEN
Grade

To
3
/8
(9.5)

Over
/8 (9.5)
to
11/4 (32)

Over
11/4 (32)
to
2 (50)

Over
2 (50)
to
4 (100)

Over
4 (100)
to
8 (200)*

42
45
50
(Thru 1 1/2)

55
60
65
70
*ASTM A572 Grade 42 permits 6 in. (150) max. thickness.

Application
Applications for USS EX-TEN Steels are bridges, buildings, automotive and truck parts, railroad
cars, cargo containers, tote boxes, LP gas cylinders, construction equipment, line pipe and
structural tubing, lighting standards, transmission poles.

47

USS N Steels
USS Forty-Two-NASTM A633 Grade A
USS Fifty-NASTM A633 Grade C
USS Sixty-NASTM A633 Grade E
General Description
Normalized high strength steels for structural applications where improved toughness at low
temperatures is required.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Grade
Forty-Two-N

Fifty-N

Sixty-N

Thickness,
in. (mm)
4 (100)
and under
Over 4 thru 8
(100-200)

Elongation
in 2 in.
(50 mm),
min. %

Elongation
in 8 in.
(200 mm),
min. %

63-83
(430-570)
60-80
(410-550)

23

18

23

70-90
(485-620)
65-85
(450-590)
63-83
(430-570)

23

18

23

18

23

18

80-100
(550-690)

23

18

Yield Point,
min.
ksi (MPa)

Tensile
Strength
ksi (MPa)

42 (290)
38 (260)

21/2 (65)
and under
Over 21/2 thru 4
(65-100)
Over 4 thru 8
(100-200)

50 (345)

3 (75) and under

60 (410)

46 (315)
42 (290)

Note:
For plates over 24 in. wide, transverse tension tests are taken and tabular elongation is reduced 2 percentage
points.
Test specimens, procedures, and elongation modifications shall conform to ASTM Specifications A6 and A370.
ASTM A633 Grade A limited to 4 in. max. (100 mm).
USS Fifty-N Steel can also be produced to meet the requirements of ABS Section 43; Grades DH32, DH36,
EH32, EH36 and API 2H Grade 50.

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Grade

Mn

Si

Cb

Forty-Two-N
Fifty-N
Sixty-N

0.18 max.
0.20 max.
0.22 max.

1.00-1.35
1.15-1.50
1.15-1.50

0.15-0.50
0.15-0.50
0.15-0.50

0.04-0.11

0.05 max.
0.01-0.05
0.05 max.

0.01-0.03

Note: All USS N Steels have P 0.035 max., S 0.04 max., and are produced to a fully killed fine-grain practice.
Plate is heat treated by normalizing.

48

USS N Steels
Notch Toughness
Charpy V-Notch Impact Properties through 3 in.
(75 mm) thickness1
Test Temperature,
F (C)

Energy Absorption2,
Ft-Lb ( joules)

-75 (-59)
-50 (-46)
0 (-18)

15 (20)
25 (34)
40 (54)

Thicknesses over 3 inches subject to inquiry.

Minimum values for average of three tests on longitudinal specimens.

Note: USS N Steels can be supplied to the above impact values when specified as a requirement. Requirements for
other test temperatures, energy values, or transverse specimens will be considered upon inquiry.

Application
USS N Steels can be economically useful for critical applications where high loading rates or
stresses at low temperatures are encountered and where the level of toughness offered by these
steels is desired. Such applications include ships, offshore rigs, construction equipment,
earthmoving equipment, and support structures for line pipe in cold climates.

49

API 2Y
Grade 42
Grade 50 - USS O-TEN
Grade 60
General Description
Quenched and tempered high strength steels for critical applications where combinations of good
notch toughness, through thickness properties and enhanced weldability are desired. Primarily
used for tubular joints.

Mechanical Properties-Tensile Requirements

Thru 4 in. thick
Yield Strength ksi (MPa)
to 1 in. incl.
over 1 in.
Tensile Strength ksi (MPa) min.

Grade
42
50
60

Minimum
Avg. Energy
Ft.-lbs.
J
25
34
30
41
35
48

Grade 42

Grade 50

Grade 60

42-67 (290-462)
42-62 (290-427)
62 (427)

50-75 (345-517)
50-70 (345-483)
65 (448)

60-90 (414-621)
60-85 (414-586)
75 (517)

Charpy Impact Testing

Minimum
Single Value
Ft.-Ibs.
J
20
27
25
34
30
41

Test
Temperature
F
C
-40
-40
-40
-40
-40
-40

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Grade 42
Grade 50
Grade 60

Carbon
max.
0.16
0.16
0.16

Grade 42
Grade 50
Grade 60

Nickel
max.
0.75
0.75
1.00

Grade 42
Grade 50
Grade 60

N-0.005
0.003-0.02
0.003-0.02
0.003-0.02

Manganese
0.90-1.35*
1.15-1.60*
1.15-1.60*

Phosphorous
max.
0.03
0.03
0.03

Sulfur
max.
0.010
0.010
0.010

Chromium
Molybdenum
Copper
Columbium
max.
max.
max.
max.
0.25
0.08
0.35
0.03
0.25
0.08
0.35
0.03
0.25
0.15
0.35
0.03
Titanium
N>0.005
Nitrogen max.
Aluminum total
0.007-0.02
0.012
0.02-0.06
0.007-0.02
0.012
0.02-0.06
0.007-0.02
0.012
0.02-0.06

*1.60 max. Mn permitted on plate over 11/2 in. (40 mm)

Carbon Equivalent:
Determined by CE = C

Silicon
0.15-0.50
0.15-0.50
0.15-0.50

Mn
6

+ Cr + Mo + V
5

50

+ Ni + Cu
15

API 2Y
Grade

Thickness

Max. CE

Max. Pcm

42

To 11/2 in. (40 mm) incl.

0.39

0.22

over 11/2 in. (40 mm) to 31/2 in. (90 mm) incl.

0.41

0.23

over 31/2 in. (90 mm) to 4 in. (100 mm) incl.

0.43

0.24

To 11/2 in. (40 mm) incl.

0.39

0.22

over 11/2 in. (40 mm) to 31/2 in. (90 mm) incl.

0.41

0.23

over 31/2 in. (90 mm) to 4 in. (100 mm) incl.

0.43

0.24

To 11/2 in. (40 mm) incl.

0.42

0.23

over 1 /2 in. (40 mm) to 4 in. (100 mm) incl.

0.45

0.25

50

60
1

Application
Offshore structures such as rigs and platforms. Primarily used for tubular joints, stiffened plate
construction, and other intersections where portions of plates will be subject to tension in the thickness direction.

51

API 2H
Grade 42, 50
General Description
Normalized high strength steels for critical applications where improved toughness at low
temperature is required. Carbon equivalent is specified. Primarily used for tubular joints.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Thru 4 in. thick
Yield strength, min., ksi
(MPa)
Tensile strength, ksi
(MPa)

Grade 42
42
(289)
62-82
(427-565)

Grade 50
50
(345)
70-80
(482-620)

Notch Toughness RequirementsDrop Weight Test or Charpy V-Notch Test

Drop weight test per ASTM E208
No break at -30F (-35C)
Charpy Impact Testing
Minimum
Avg. Energy
Ft.-Lb.
J
25
35
30
41

Grade
42
50

Minimum
Single Value
Ft.-Lb.
J
20
27
25
34

Test
Temperature
F
C
-40
-40
-40
-40

Chemical Requirement% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Carbon, max.
0.18
0.18

Grade 42
Grade 50
Phosphorous
max.
0.04
0.04

Manganese
0.90-1.35*
1.15-1.60

Sulfur
max.
0.010
0.010

Silicon
0.15-0.40
0.15-0.40

Columbium

0.01-0.05

*1.60 max. Mn permitted on plate over 1-1/2 in, (38 mm)

Carbon Equivalent:
Determined by CE =

Mn
6

Cr + Mo + V
5

Ni + Cu
15

Grade

Thickness

Max. CE

42

to 21/2 in. (63.5 mm)

over 21/2 in.
to 2 in. (50.8 mm)
over 2 in.

0.43
0.45
0.43
0.45

50

Application
Offshore rigs and platforms. Primarily used for tubular joints where plate is subject to tension
in the thickness direction.
52

Alloy
Steel
Plate

53

Alloy Steel Plate

Characteristics

Application

SAE 4130
SAE 4140

Economical alloy steel which

develops high hardness and
strength after heat treatment.

Machine and press parts, die

and die holders, tools, molds,
gears, crane parts, oil field
equipment.

SAE 8620

Develops high strength and

good toughness after heat
treatment.

Machinery, parts, construction

equipment, mobile equipment
frames, carburized parts.

ASTM A514 Grade F

ASTM A517 Grade F
AASHTO M244 Type F
ASTM A709 Grade 100
and 100W
USS T-1

Quenched and tempered constructional alloy steels with

unique combination of high yield
strength, weldability, and good
toughness.

General structural uses where

strength permits reduction in
weight because smaller cross
sections can be specified.

Available in plate through

21/2 in. (63 mm) thick.

Bridges, towers, building components, earth-moving and

transport equipment, booms,
bucket parts for power shovels,
drag lines, cranes, mobile
equipment frames, fork lift

trucks.
drilling platforms, industrial fans,
mining equipment, tanks.
ASTM A514 Grade B
ASTM A517 Grade B
AASHTO M244 Type B
ASTM A709 Grade 100
and 100W
USS T-1 Type A

A lower-alloy variety of the

original T-1 steel developed to
perform similarly but is more
economical in plate through
11/4 in. (32 mm) thick.

54

Similar to T-1.

Alloy Steel Plate

Characteristics

Application

ASTM A514 Grade H

ASTM A517 Grade H
AASHTO M244 Type H
ASTM A709 Grade 100
and 100W
USS T-1 Type B

Similar performance to T-1

while affecting greater
economies in thickness over
11/4 inch through 2 inches
(50 mm).

Similary to T-1

ASTM A514 Grade Q

ASTM A517 Grade Q
ASTM A709 Grade 100
and 100W
USS T-1 Type C

Similar performance to T-1 in

thicknesses up to 6 inches
(150 mm). Yield strength
lowered to 90 ksi (620 MPa)
over 21/2 in. (63 mm) thick.

Similar to T-1

ASTM A710
MIL-S-24645
ASTM A736

Low carbon age-hardening

alloy steel with excellent
formability and weldability.

Jack up rigs, construction equipment, pressure vessels, truck

frames, piping components,
naval and commercial shipbuilding where weight reduction,
ease of fabrication and reduced
welding costs are important.

ASTM A387
Grades 2, 12, 11, 22, 21,
5, 7, 9

Excellent elevated temperature

properties and good service
experience. Heat treatment
allows a wide range of
properties.

Elevated temperature service.

Heat exchangers, boilers, superheaters, steam generators,
pressure vessels, fittings, and
piping. Coal gasification.

55

ASTM A829 Alloy Steel Plate

S.A.E. Chemical Composition Limits, %
S.A.E.
Number

Mn

Ni

Cr

Mo

1330
1335
1340
1345

0.27-0. 34
0.32-0.39
0.36-0.44
041-0.49

1.50-1.90
1.50-1.90
1.50-1.90
1.50-1.90

4118
4130
4135
4137
4140
4142
4145
4150
4340
E4340
4615
4617
4620

0.17-0.23
0.27-0.34
0.32-0.39
0.33-0.40
0.36-0.44
0.38-0.46
0.41-0.49
0.48-0.53
0.36-0.44
0.37-0.44
0.12-0.18
0.15-0.21
0.16-0.22

0.60-0.90
0.35-0.60
0.65-0.95
0.65-0.95
0.70-1.00
0.70-1 00
0.70-1.00
0.70-1.00
0.55-0.80
0.60-0.85
0.40-0.65
0.40-0.65
0.40-0.65

1.65-2.00
1.65-2.00
1.65-2.00
1.65-2.00
1.65-2.00

0.40-0.65
0.80-1.15
0.80-1.15
0.80-1.15
0.80-1.15
0.80-1.15
0.80-1.15
0.80-1.15
0.60-0.90
0.65-0.90

0.08-0.15
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.20-0.30
0.20-0.30
0.20-0.30
0.20-0.30
0.20-0.30

5160

0.54-0.65

0.70-1.00

0.60-0.90

6150

0.46-0.54

0.60-0.90

0.80-1.15

8615
8617
8620
8622
8625
8627
8630
8637
8640
8655
8742

0.12-0.18
0.15-0.21
0.17-0.23
0.19-0.25
0.22-0.29
0.24-0.31
0.27-0.34
0.33-0.40
0.36-0.44
0.49-0.60
0.38-0.46

0.60-0.90
0.60-0.90
0.60-0.90
0.60-0.90
0.60-0.90
0.60-0.90
0.60-0.90
0.70-1.00
0.70-1.00
0.70-1.00
0.70-1.00

0.40-0.70
0.40-0.70
0.40-0.70
0.40-0.70
0.40-0.70
0.40-0.70
0.40-0.70
0.40-0.70
0.40-0.70
0.40-0.70
0.40-0.70

0.35-0.60
0.35-0.60
0.35-0.60
0.35-0.60
0.35-0.60
0.35-0.60
0,35-0.60
0,35-0.60
0.35-0.60
0.35-0.60
0.35-0.60

0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
015-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.15-0.25
0.20-0.30

Note: P 0.035 max., S 0.040 max, and Si 0.15-0.30 are applicable to all grades except E4340 which
specifies 0.025 P and S.

56

0.15 min.

ASTM A 543
General Description
Nickel-chromium molybdenum alloy steel plates for use in quenched and tempered condition, intended for the fabrication of welded pressure vessels and other pressure equipment.

Mechanical Properties
Class 1

Class 2

Class 3

Yield Strength,
min., ksi (MPa)

85 (585)

100 (690)

70 (485)

Tensile Strength, ksi

(MPa)

105-125
(725-860)

115-135
(795-930)

90-115
(620-795)

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)

Carbon, max.
Manganese, max.
Phosphorus, max.
Sulfur, max.
Silicon
Nickel
Chromium
Molybdenum

Type B

Type C

0.20
0.40
0.020
0.020
0.15-0.40
2.25-4.00
1.00-1.90
0.20-0.65

0.18
0.40
0.020
0.020
0.15-0.40
2.00-3.50
1.00-1.90
0.20-0.65

Note: These alloy compositions are normally considered for applications involving plate thicknesses of
(50 mm) or greater.

2"

Applications
Intended for boiler and pressure vessels such as nuclear reactors, hydrocrackers, and coal
gassification.

57

ASTM A387
General Description
Chromium molybdenum alloy steel plate is intended primarily for boiler and pressure vessels
designed for elevated temperatures service.
Grade

Nominal
Chromium Content %

Nominal
Molybdenum Content %

2
12
11
22, 22L
21, 21L
5
7
9
91

0.50
1.00
1.25
2.25
3.00
5.00
7.00
9.00
9.00

0.50
0.50
0.50
1.00
1.00
0.50
0.50
1.00
1.00

Mechanical Properties-Tensile Requirements

Class 1 Plate
Yield Strength, min., ksi
(MPa)
Tensile Strength, ksi
(MPa)

Grades 2 and 12

Grade 11

Grades 22, 21,

5, 7, 9, 21L, 22L

33
(230)

35
(240)

30
(205)

55-80
(380-550)

60-85
(410-585)

60-85
(410-585)

Mechanical Properties-Tensile Requirements

Class 2 Plate

Grade 2

Grade 11

Grade 12

Grade 22,
21, 5,7,9

Grade 91

Yield Strength,
min., ksi
(MPa)

45
(310)

45
(310)

40
(275)

45
(310)

60
(415)

70-90
(485-620)

75-100
(515-690)

65-85
(450-585)

75-100
(515-690)

85-110
(585-760)

Tensile Strength,
ksi
(MPa)

58

ASTM A387
Chemical Requirements%
Carbon, max.
Manganese
Phosphorous, max.
Sulfur, max.
Silicon
Chromium
Molybdenum

Carbon, max.
Manganese
Phosphorous, max.
Sulfur, max.
Silicon
Chromium
Molybdenum

(Cast or Heat Analysis)

Grade 2

Grade 12

Grade 11

Grade 22

0.05-0.21
0.55-0.80
0.035
0.035
0.15-0.40
0.50-0.80
0.45-0.60

0.05-0.17
0.40-0.65
0.035
0.035
0.15-0.40
0.80-1.15
0.45-0.60

0.05-0.17
0.40-0.65
0.035
0.035
0.50-0.80
1.00-1.50
0.45-0.65

0.05-0.15
0.30-0.60
0.035
0.035
0.50 max.
2.00-2.50
0.90-1.10

Grade 21

Grade 5

Grade 7

Grade 9

0.05-0.15
0.30-0.60
0.035
0.035
0.50 max.
2.75-3.25
0.90-1.10

0.15 max.
0.30-0.60
0.035
0.030
0.50 max.
4.00-6.00
0.45-0.65

0.15 max.
0.30-0.60
0.030
0.030
1.00 max.
6.00-8.00
0.45-0.65

0.15 max.
0.30-0.60
0.030
0.030
1.00 max.
8.00-10.00
0.90-1.10

Note:
Class I Anneal or normalize and temper
Class 2 Normalize and temper
Class 2 plate cannot be ordered annealed.
Grades 5, 7, and 9 inquire.
Electric Furnace Melting is used on steel containing more than 2 percent chromium.

Application
Boilers and pressure vessels for elevated temperatures such as steam generators and coal
gasification.

59

ASTM A710
ASTM A736
ASTM A710Structural Quality
ASTM A736Pressure Vessel Quality
General Description
Low-carbon age-hardening alloy steel where weight reduction, ease of fabrication and
reduced welding costs are important. Yield strengths range from a minimum of 55 to 85 ksi
(380 to 585 MPa) for Grade A.

Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Grade A
Class 1

Grade A
Class 2

Grade A
Class 3

85 (585)

65 (450)

75 (515)

85 (585)

65 (450)

75 (515)

Yield strength, min., ksi, (MPa)

1

/4 in. (6.5 mm) and under

1

over /4 in. to /16 in. (8 mm) incl.

5

over /16 in. to /8 in. (10 mm) incl.

80 (550)

65 (450)

75 (515)

80 (550)

65 (450)

75 (515)

80 (550)

65 (450)

75 (515)

over /4 in. to 1 in. (25 mm) incl.

65 (450)

75 (515)

over 1 in. to 2 in. (50 mm) incl.

60 (425)

75 (515)

over 2 in. to 4 in. (100)

55 (380)

65 (450)

90 (655)

72 (495)

85 (585)

90 (655)

72 (495)

85 (585)

over /8 in. to /2 in. (12.5 mm) incl.

over /2 in. to /4 in. (20 mm) incl.
3

Tensile strength, min., ksi, (MPa)

1

/4 in. (6.5 mm) and under

1

over /4 in. to /16 in. (8 mm) incl.

5

over /16 in. to /8 in. (10 mm) incl.

90 (655)

72 (495)

85 (585)

90 (655)

72 (495)

85 (585)

90 (655)

72 (495)

85 (585)

over /4 in. to 1 in. (25 mm) incl.

72 (495)

85 (585)

over 1 in. to 2 in. (50 mm) incl.

72 (495)

85 (585)

over 2 in. to 4 in. (100)

65 (450)

75 (515)

over /8 in. to /2 in. (12.5 mm) incl.

over /2 in. to /4 in. (20 mm) incl.
3

Note: Grade A, Class 1 as rolled and precipitation heat treated.

Grade A, Class 2 normalized and precipitation heat treated.
Grade A, Class 3 quenched and precipitation heat treated.

60

ASTM A710
ASTM A736
Chemical Requirements%

(Cast or Heat Analysis)

Grade A

Carbon, max.

0.07

Manganese

0.40-0.70

Phosphorous, max.

0.025

Sulfur, max.

0.025

Silicon, max.

0.40

Nickel

0.70-1.00

Chromium

0.60-0.90

Molybdenum

0.15-0.25

Copper

1.00-1.30

Columbium, min.

0.02

Note:
Grade A can be produced to meet the requirements of MIL-S-24645 (SH) for use in construction of naval vessels.
For certain applications it may be substituted for Grade HY-80.

Application
Jack up rigs, construction equipment, pressure vessels, truck frames, piping components and
shipbuilding. General applications where weight reduction, excellent formability and reduced
welding costs are important.

61

USS T-1 Steel

ASTM A514 Grade FStructural Quality
ASTM A517 Grade FPressure Vessel Quality
ASTM A709 Grades 100 and 100W* Structural QualityAASHTO M 244 Type F
*With copper added

General Description
A low carbon quenched and tempered constructional alloy steel available in thicknesses thru
21/2 inches (65 mm) for structural use. Through heat treatment it attains an excellent combination
of high yield strength, weldability and good toughness, even at low temperatures.

USS T-1 Mechanical Properties

3

Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm), min., % (1)

/16 (5) to 21/2 (65)

incl.
100 (690)
110-130 (760-895)
Long.
Trans.
18
16

Reduction of Area, min., %

1
/4 in. (19 mm) and under
over 3/4 in. (20)

40 (2)
50 (1)
40 (2)

Tensile Requirements
Thickness in. (mm)
Yield Strength, min, ksi (MPa)
Tensile Strength, ksi* (MPa)

35 (2)
45 (1)
35 (2)

*115-135 when ordered to ASTM A517 Grade F

Note: Test specimens and procedures conform to ASTM specifications.
(1) Measured on 1/2 in. (12.5 mm) diameter specimen (Fig. 6 ASTM A370).
(2) Measured on 11/2 in. (40 mm) wide full thickness rectangular specimen (Fig. 4 ASTM A370), which is
mandatory for thickness 3/4 in. (20 mm) and under.

USS T-1 Chemical Requirements % (Cast or Heat Analysis)

C
0.10-0.20
Cr
0.40-0.65

Mn
0.60-1.00
Mo
0.40-0.60

P
0.035 max.
V
0.03-0.08

S
0.035 max.
Cu
0.15-0.50

Si
0.15-0.35

Ni
0.70-1.00

B
0.0005-0.006

Note: ASTM A514 Lists 13 Grades of Steel

ASTM A517 Lists 12 Grades of Steel
Grade F is USS T-1 in both specifications
Grade B is USS T-1 type A
Grade H is USS T-1 type B
Grade Q is USS T-1 type C

Application
For general structural uses where its great strength permits reduction in gross design weight
because smaller cross-sections can be specified ... fabricated bridge, tower and building
members; components such as frames, bases, supports, and base or body plates for earthmoving
or transport equipment; booms, dipper sticks, and bucket parts for power shovels or cranes;
pressure vessels.

62

USS T-1 Steel type A

ASTM A514 Grade BStructural Quality
ASTM A517 Grade BPressure Vessel Quality
ASTM A709 Grades 100 and 100W* Structural QualityAASHTO M 244 Type B
*With copper added

General Description
A low carbon quenched and tempered alloy steel which is a lower alloy modification of the original
USS T-1" steel developed to perform similarly, but with better economy in applications requiring
products 11/4 inches (32 mm) and under in thickness.

USS T-1 type A Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Thru 11/4 (32)

Thickness in. (mm)

Yield Strength, min, ksi (MPa)
Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa)

100 (690)
110-130 (760-895)1
Long.
Trans.
182
162

Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm) min.

Reduction of Area, min., %
3
/4 in. (20 mm) and under
over 3/4 in.

404
503

354
453

115-135, 795-930 when ordered to ASTM A517 Grade F.

A deduction of 1.25 percent shall be made for each decrease of 1/32 in. (0.8 mm), of the specified thickness below 5/
16 in. (20 mm). This deduction not to exceed 3 percent.
3
Measured on 1/2 in. (12.5 mm), diameter specimen (Fig. 6 of ASTM 370).
4
Applies to plate. Measured on 11/2 in. (40 mm), wide full thickness rectangular specimens (Fig. 4 ASTM A370), which
is mandatory for thickness 3/4 in. (20 mm), and under.
2

USS T-1 type A Chemical Requirements % (Cast or Heat Analysis)

C*
0.12-0.21
Cr
0.40-0.65

Mn
0.70-1.00
Mo
0.15-0.25

P
0.035 max.
V
0.03-0.08

S
0.035 max.
Ti
0.01-0.03

Si
0.20-0.35
B
0.0005-0.005

*15-21C when furnished as ASTM A517 Grade B or ASME SA517 Grade B.

Note:

When added corrosion resistance is desired, 0.20-0.40 Cu may be specified.

ASTM A514 Lists 13 Grades of Steel
ASTM A517 Lists 12 Grades of Steel
Grade B is USS T-1 type A in both specifications

Application
For general structural uses where its great strength permits reduction in weight by use of smaller
cross-sectional area. Applications include: earthmoving equipment, building and bridge construction, truck frames and bodies, storage tanks, missile transporters and launchers, oil field rigs,
machinery transporters, booms (lattice-type and telescopic), drilling barges, bulk cargo container
frames, and many others.

63

USS T-1 Steel type B

ASTM A514 Grade HStructural Quality
ASTM A517 Grade HPressure Vessel Quality
ASTM A709 Grades 100 and 100W* Structural QualityAASHTO M 244 Type H
*With copper added

General Description
USS T-1 type B possesses the same tensile characteristics as offered in USS T-1 and
USS T-1 type A steels in thicknesses thru 2 inches in its modified composition.

USS T-1 type B Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

3

Thickness in. (mm)

/16 to 2 (5 to 50), incl.

Yield Strength, min, ksi (MPa)

Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa)3

100 (690)
110-130 (760-895)

Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm), min., %1

Reduction of Area, min., %
3
/4 in. (20 mm) and under
over 3/4 in.

Long.

Trans.

18

16

402
402 501

352
352 451

Note:
Test specimens and procedures conform to ASTM specifications.
1
Measured on 1/2 in. (12.5 mm) diameter specimen (Fig. 6 ASTM A370)
2
Measured on 11/2 in. (40 mm) wide full thickness rectangular specimen. (Fig. 4 ASTM A370), which is mandatory for
thicknesses 3/4 in. (20 mm) and under.
3
115-135 (795-930) when ordered to ASTM A517 Grade H.

USS T-1 type B Chemical Requirements % (Cast or Heat Analysis)

C
0.12-0.21
Ni
0.30-0.70

Mn
0.95-1.30
Cr
0.40-0.65

P
0.035 max.
Mo
0.20-0.30

S
0.035 max.
V
0.03-0.08

Si
0.20-0.35
B
0.0005 min.

Note: When added corrosion resistance is desired, 0.20-0.40 Cu may be specified.

ASTM A514 Lists 13 Grades of Steel
ASTM A517 Lists 12 Grades of Steel
Grade H is USS T-1 type B in both specifications

Application
For general structural uses where its great strength in combination with other desirable
properties permits substantial weight reduction, longer service life and greater economy in applications such as heavy construction, earthmoving and mining equipment, bridges,
buildings and large storage tanks.

64

USS T-1 Steel type C

ASTM A514 Grade QStructural Quality
ASTM A517 Grade QPressure Vessel Quality
ASTM A709 Grades 100 and 100W* Structural Quality
*With copper added

General Description
USS T-1 type C provides, in thicknesses through 21/2 inches (65 mm), higher notch toughness
than USS T-1 steel, but the same strength; and in thicknesses over 21/2 inches (65 mm) thru 6
inches (150 mm), the same notch toughness as USS T-1 steel, but at 90 ksi (620 MPa) yield
strength instead of 100 ksi (690 MPa) yield strength.

USS T-1 type C Mechanical PropertiesTensile Requirements

Thickness in. (mm)

thru
2 /2 (65)

over 21/2 (65)

thru 6 (150)

Yield strength, min.

ksi (MPa)

100 (690)

90 (620)

Tensile strength,
ksi (MPa)

110-1301
(760-895)

100-1302
(760-895)

Long.

Trans.

Long

Trans

Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm) min. %

18

16

16

14

Reduction of area min. %

/4 in. (20 mm) and under
over 3/4 in. (20 mm)

404
503
404

354
453
354

503

453

115-135 (795-930) when ordered to ASTM A517 Grade Q.

105-135 (725-930) when ordered to ASTM A517 Grade Q.
3
Measured on 1/2 in. (12.5 mm) diameter specimens (Fig. 5 of ASTM A370).
4
Measured on 11/2 in. (40 mm) wide full thickness rectangular specimen (Fig. 4 of ASTM A370) which is
mandatory for thicknesses 3/4 in. (20 mm) and under
2

USS T-1 type C Chemical Requirements % (Cast or Heat Analysis)

C
0.14-0.21
Ni
1.20-1.50

Mn
0.95-1.30
Cr
1.00-1.50

P
0.035 max.
Mo
0.40-0.60

S
0.035 max.
V
0.03-0.08

Note: ASTM A514 Lists 13 Grades of Steel

ASTM A517 Lists 12 Grades of Steel
Grade Q is USS T-1 type C in both specifications

Application
Same as T-1, T-1 type A and T-1 type B, but available in heavier thicknesses.

65

Si
0.15-0.35

Steels for
Special Applications

66

USS Abrasion-Resistant Steels

General Description
A group of steels varying in compositions so as to combat either type (sliding or impact) abrasion.
Properties considered in abrasion-resistant steels include hardness, toughness, strength,
fabricability, weldability, and formability, all of which may vary under given situations.

Mechanical PropertiesBrinell Hardness

Grade

USS AR 225

Brinell
Hardness
BHN

200-250
Typical

Maximum
Thickness
Inches (mm)

(50)

Relative
Price
Index

Applications and
Type of Service

Generally smooth sliding abrasion

handling grains, coal fines, ce-

ment,
sand, gravel and earth
USS AR 350

321 min.

(25)

1.25

Good sliding abrasion and light

impact abrasion, buckets, chutes,
hoopers, conveyors.
Mining and material handling
buckets, chutes, hoppers. Additional applications where improved
formability, weldability and
toughness are required.

USS Shield 400

360/444 min.

<1/4"-3/4"
>3/4"-15/8"

1.48
1.70

USS Shield 450

400/480 min.

1.85

USS AR 500

477 min.

(25)

1.65

Suggested for severe abrasion

applications requiring very high
hardness.

USS T-1
type A

321 min.
340 min.
360 min.

11/4 (32)
1 (25)
3
/4 (19)

1.69

Combination of high-resistance to
sliding and impact abrasion and
good weldability. For applications
where formability and weldability
are more critical than with the
above steels.

USS T-1
type B

321 min.
340 min.
360 min.

2 (50)
11/2 (38)
1 (25)

1.82

Same as T-1 type A but in

greater thickness.

USS T-1
better

321 min.

21/2 (63)

2.07

Same as T-1 type A but with

340 min.
360 min.

2 (50)
11/2 (38)

USS T-1
type C

321 min.
340 min.
360 min.

6
4
2

(150)
(100)
(50)

2.14
2.14

Wear plates, mine cars, buckets,

slope plates, liners.

Ni-Cr-Mo
(31/4% Ni)

321 min.
360 min.
400 min.

4
3
2

(100)
(75)
(50)

2.30

Excellent resistance to impact

abrasion at high hardness and in
heavy sections. For severe
impact abrasion.

resistance to impact abrasion and

available in greater thickness

67

USS Abrasion-Resistant Steels

Chemical Requirements% (Cast or Heat Analysis)
Grade

Mn

Si

0.35-0.50
0.32 max.

1.50-2.00
1.60 max.

0.04 max.
0.04 max.

0.05 max.
0.05 max.

0.15-0.35
0.60 max.

0.0005 min.

0.17 max.
0.17 max.
0.25 max.
0.33 max.
0.10-0.20
0.12-0.21
0.12-0.21
0.14-0.21
0.33 max.

1.50 max.
1.50 max.
1.50 max.
1.35 max.
0.60-1.00
0.70-1.00
0.95-1.30
0.95-1.30
0.15-0.45

0.025 max.
0.025 max.
0.025 max.
0.025 max.
0.035 max.
0.035 max.
0.035 max.
0.035 max.
0.035 max.

0.006 max.
0.006 max.
0.003 max.
0.010 max.
0.035 max.
0.035 max.
0.035 max.
0.035 max.
0.040 max.

0.15-0.45
0.15-0.70
0.65 max.
0.90 max.
0.15-0.35
0.20-0.35
0.20-0.35
0.15-0.35
0.15-0.35

0.0005-0.003
0.0005-0.003
0.0005-0.003
0.0005 min.
0.0005-0.006
0.0005-0.005
0.0005 min.

Grade

Cr

Mo

Ni

Cu

Ti

USS AR 225
USS AR 350
USS Shield 400
To 3/4" incl.
Over 3/4"-15/8"
USS Shield 450
USS AR 500
USS T-1
USS T-1 type A
USS T-1 type B
USS T-1 type C
USS NiCrMo

0.60 max.
0.90 max.
0.50 max.
0.40-0.65
0.40-0.65
0.40-0.65
1.00-1.50
0.80-1.50

0.30 max.
0.65 max.

USS AR 225
USS AR 350
USS Shield 400
To 3/4" incl.
Over 3/4"-15/8"
USS Shield 450
USS AR 500
USS T-1
USS T-1 type A
USS T-1 type B
USS T-1 type C
USS NiCrMo

0.40-0.60
0.15-0.25
0.20-0.30
0.40-0.60
0.20-0.40

0.08 max.

0.08 max.

1.00 max.

Inclusion Shape Control

0.70-1.00
0.03-0.08
0.15-0.50

0.03-0.08

0.30-0.70
0.03-0.08

1.20-1.50
0.03-0.08

2.75-3.25

0.01-0.03

Application
USS AR Steel is used in applications involving smooth-sliding abrasion. Typical applications
would be the handling of materials such as grains, coal fines, cement, sand, gravel, and earth.
USS AR 350, and AR 500 are used for applications requiring good resistance to both sliding
abrasion and impact abrasion. USS Shield 400 and 450 are used for applications requiring
improved formability in addition to sliding and impact abrasion. Typical applications are frames,
chutes, buckets, hoppers, conveyor troughs, mining and materials handling equipment and
agricultural implements. USS T-1, T-1 type A, B, and C heat treated to Brinell Hardnesses are
for use in impact-abrasion service in such items as wear plates, chutes, mine cars, buckets,
slope plates, truck and hopper body liners.

68

USS FREMAX 15 and 45

General Description
USS FREMAX free-machining plate steels were developed by U.S. Steel for applications in which
ease of machining is of prime importance.

Typical StrengthAs Rolled Condition

FREMAX 15 and 45 are not produced to physical property requirements. Actual strength varies
with heat analysis and plate thickness. 2 in. thick FREMAX 15 has approximate yield and
tensile strengths of 30 and 50 ksi respectively. 3 in. thick FREMAX 45 has approximate yield
and tensile strength of 45 and 85 ksi respectively.

Chemical Requirements%
Grade

(Cast or Heat Analysis)

Mn

Si

FREMAX15

0.20 max.

0.90-1.30

0.04 max.

0.20-0.30

0.30 max.

FREMAX 45

0.40-0.50

0.90-1.30

0.04 max.

0.20-0.30

0.15 max.

USS FREMAX 15 is a low-carbon resulphurized, free-machining plate steel.

USS FREMAX 45 is a high-carbon resulphurized, free-machining, flame-hardenable plate steel.

Application
FREMAX 15 is the ideal free-machining plate steel for any application where fast, low-cost
machining and a smooth finish are important.
FREMAX 45 steel is the ideal material for extra-tough, wear resistant surfaces.
Both steels may be specified for the manufacture of molds, dies, gears, cams and threaded
parts.

69

PLATE PRODUCTS SALES

PROVIDES 24-HOUR FAX NUMBERS
FOR YOUR AREA

Plate Products
U. S. Steel Group
A unit of USX
Corporation
Gary Works
M.S. 42A
One North Broadway
Gary, Indiana 46402
ADUSS
16-7196-06
January,
1999
Printed
in
U.S.A.
USS,
USX,
CHAR-PAC,
CON-PAC,
EX-TEN,
FREMAX,
O-TEN,
SHIELD
are
registered
trademarks
of

COR-TEN,
T-1,
TRIMAX,
USX
Corporation.