INSTRUCTOR’S SOLUTIONS MANUAL INTRODUCTION to ELECTRODYNAMICS Third Edition David J. GriffithsChapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS Vector Analysis Electrostatics Special Techniques Electrostatic Fields in Matter Magnetostatics Magnetostatic Fields in Matter Electrodynamics Conservation Laws Electromagnetic Waves Potentials and Fields Radiation Electrodynamics and Relativity 157 179 195 219Chapter 1 Vector Analysis roblem 1.1 (a) From the diagram, |B + C| cos; = |B| cos; + |C|cosé2. Multiply by |A|. |AIIB + C| cos 4s = |A||B|cos6; + |Al|C|cos6s. So: A.(B + C) = A-B+A-C. (Dot product is distributive.) Similarly: |B + C|sin 85 = [B|sin 8; + |C|sin8. Mulitply by ||. |AIIB + C]sin@s fi = |Al[B[sin#; A+ |Al|C|sin@, a. If fis the unit vector pointing out of the page, it follows that, Ax(B-+C) = (AxB) + (AXC). (Cross product is distributive.) TBleoses [Cleoobs (b) For the general case, see G. B. Hay’s Vector and Tensor Analysis, Chapter 1, Section 7 (dot product) and Section 8 (cross product). Problem 1.2 [Cin os ‘The triple cross-product is not in general associative. For example, suppose A = B and C is perpendicular to A, as in the diagram. ‘Then (BxC) points out-of-the-page, and Ax(BxC) points doun, and has magnitude ABC. But (AxB) = 0, so (AXB)xC = 0 ¢ i Ax(BxC). BxC yAx(BxC) Problem 1.3 a As +1k+19—1% A= V3, B=1R+19 +14 B cos8 = V3V3c0s8 = cos Problem 1.4 "The cross-product of any two vectors in the plane will give a vector perpendicular to the plane. For example, we might pick the base (A) and the left side (B): A= 18429408; B=-18+09 432.2 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS ga AxB=]-1 20 -103 This has the right direction, but the wrong magnitude. To make a unit vector out of it, simply divide by its length: OX439 +22. |AxB| = V56F O74 fetish Problem 1.5 & y a Ax(BxC) Ae Ay A (By, — ByCy) (BsCz—-BzCz) (BsCy — ByCz) 8[Ay(BeCy — ByCz) — Az(B:Cz — BsC:)] + 9() + 2() (UM just check the x-component; the others go the same way.) R(AyBrCy ~ AyByCy — A,B,Oz + AzBzC,) + 9() + 2(). BUA-C) ~ C(A-B) = [Be(AzCe + AyCy + ACs) — On(AcBe + AyBy + AzB,)]R+()9 + (08 3(4yBsCy + AvBsC, ~ AyByCz ~ AzB:Cz) + 9() + 2(). They agree. Problem 1.6 Ax(BXxC)+Bx (Cx A)+Cx(A xB) = B(A-C)-C(A-B)+C(A-B)—A(C-B)+A(B-C)—B(C-A) So: Ax (BXxC) ~ (AxB)x€C = —Bx (Cx) = A(B-C) - C(A'B). If this is zero, then either A is parallel to C (including the case in which they point in opposite directions, or one is zero), or else B-C = B-A = 0, in which case B is perpendicular to A and C (including the case B = 0). Conclusion: [A x(BXC) = (AXB)xC <= either A is parallel to C, or B is perpendicular to A and C. Problem 1.7 AR 469 +82) — (28489472) = [PR-2H 4B Problem 1.8 {a) AyBy + ds B, = (cosy + sin 6A,)(c0s bBy + sin Bz) + (~ sin ¢Ay + cos 44,)(—sin 6B, + cos dB.) = cos? bAyBy + sin $008 ¢(Ay Be + AzBy) + sin? A,B, + sin? 6A, By — sin cos ¢(AyBs + AzBy) + cos? AsBe = (cos* @ + sin? g) Ay By + (sin? @ + cos? $) A, By = AyBy + AsBy. V (b) Aa)? + (Ay)? + As)? = Shy AAs = Der (Wer RipAy) (Bhy RAs) = Bye (URey Rat) Ay Ar ; ; Li This equals A? +A? + A? provided| 82_,Ry Rae = { of Vat } Moreover, if R is to preserve lengths for all vectors A, then this condition is not only sufficient but also necessary. For suppose A = (1,0,0). Then Sy (Us Ray Rie) Ay Ax = By Ry, Rn, and this must equal 1 (since we want A,+A,+Ay = 1). Likewise, D2, RyoPis = Ei, Ragas = 1. To check the case j # k, choose A = (1,1,0). Dya (Es RypRen) Ape = 3, Ra Ra + By Rae +3 Ru Ra +3, RgRu. But we already know that the first two sums are both 1; the third and fourth are equal, s0 3 Ru Riz = 3, RR, =0, and so on for other unequal combinations of j, k. V_In matrix notation: RR = 1, where R is the transpose of R.Problem 1.9 y “ty -2 Looking down the axis: we 2 “i 5 ‘A 120? rotation carries the 2 axis into the y (= Z) axis, y into x (=), and 2 into z (=). So As = Ay = As, Ae = A, oo1)\] r=(100 o10 Problem 1.10 (a) [No change] Ae Aas Ay = Ay 2 (b) [A> =A] the sense (Ae = —Az, Ay = ly» Az = —Az) (© (AxB) — (-A)x(-B) = (AxB). That is, if C = AxB, [C —) GC]. No minus sign, in contrast to behavior of an “ordinary” vector, as given by (b). If A and B are pseudovectors, then (AXB) —+ (A) x(B) = (AxB). So the cross-product of two pseudovectors is again a pseudovector. In the cross-product of a vector and a pseudovector, one changes sign, the other doesn’t, and therefore the cross-product is itself a vector. Angular momentum (L = rxp) and torque (N = rxF) are pseudovectors. (a) A(Bx@) — (-A)((-B)x(—C)) = -A(BX©). So, ifa = A(BXC), then changes sgn under inversion of coordinates. Problem 1.11 (AVF = 2WwK+ By? 9 + 4252 a pseudoscalar (OVS = 2aytt 4 Barytehy + 428g a OVE # sinyln 2&-+ €* cosy ln z¥ +e? siny(1/2)% Problem 1.12 (@) Vi = 10[(2y ~ 6x ~ 18) + (22 ~ By + 28) 97]. Vh =0 at summit, 60 0 Oo get-sauca PIE M88 2r — By +28 22y = 66 => y = 3 =p 2e- 2442809 = ‘Top is [3 miles north, 2 miles west, of South Hadley. (b) Putting in 2 = -2, y =3: f= 10(—12— 12-36 +36 + 84412) = [720 Re (6) Putting in 2 = 1, y =1: Vh = 10[(2 ~ 6 — 18) & + (2~ 8 + 28) 9] = 10(—22% + 22.9) = 220(- +9) [Vh| = 220V3 «(311 fe/mile} direction: [northwest.4 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS. Problem 1.13 a= (e-2)8+W-V)94(2-2)% o= VE-2P FU -VP Fe (2) Ve?) = Ble— 2")? + yy + (2— 2718+ HOT+ HOH = 2e—2) 4 Ay—y")I +222 = 20 (0) VR) = £lle- 27 + v—vP + e204 BON + BOBS = -}0-92@- 2) - }0-}y-y!) ae - 22 = ON] 2+ VT (~ 28] = (1 = —(1/ 9. (© £0") =n = nahh 90,) = nae, 90[ VR) = nah Problem 1.14 +y coop +2 sing; multiply by sing: Jsing = 4y sing cos +2 sin? g =v sind + 2 cos 4; multiply by 008: ~y sin pcos b+ 2 008? 6. Add: Jsing + Zco0s¢ = 2(sin® 9 + cos? ¢) = 2. Likewise, Joos} — Zsing = y. So 8 = cos; 9 = —sing; 9 = sing; 34 = cosg. Therefore Fos AV fy + sin AV). —sin (WV fly + c08 (VF) } So Vf transforms as a vector. ged Problem 1.15 ()V-va = E@) + HGx2") + R222) = 2240-22 = 0. (V-v = Alay) + £Ov2) + LGze) =y + 22 +32. (QV -ve = Kv?) + Key + 2”) + F(2y2) = 0+ (22) + (2y) = Ac + y). Problem 1.16 Vv= £(S)+R(S4R(4) HK [et (2? +9? +248] $+ 2(-3/2)0-bae + 078 + ¥(- 3/0" by +0) = 8r-8(a? + y? + 22) = Br $ ‘This conclusion is surprising, because, from the —— this vector field is obviously diverging away from the origin. How, then, can V-v = 0? The answer is that V-v = 0 everywhere except at the origin, but at the origin our calculation is no good, since r = 0, and the expression for v blows up. In fact, V-v is infinite at [veer + vt + aty-F] +g [ate? +0? + 27)°3] 44 2(-3/2))7 422 jy = cos buy + sin dvs; Us SE = Gp cosd + Sy sin (Gr cos 6+ $e sind) cose + ($+ cond + Se sin) sin =. sin d+ 9 cos = — (S598 + BB) sing + (52 8 + BSB) cos =~ (-B sing + Be coed) sing + (~B ning + $e cond) co. So He 4 Me = M4 cost d + M8 sin deos.d + Se singcong + Be sin? + Ste sin? 4 — Se sin grcos ind. Use result in Prob. 1.14:— 9 singcosd + Be cos? = Sit (cos? ¢ + sin? 9) + 9 (sin? 6 + cos? #) = Gp + Gee ¥ Problem 1.18 2 (0) Vxve = (0 — 6x2) + 9(0 + 22) +.2(32" ~ 0) =[—GzzR + 229 +3272. (0 — 2y) + 9(0 — 32) + 2(0— 2) = [-2yR— 327-22. (22 — 22) + 9(0- 0) + 2(2y — 2y) = [B fo i (2ay + 27) (9) Vxve rs 2 (0) Vxv = | z ny % 2 3 y Problem 1.19 va yR+29j or v= yzk-taz9 + ayh; or v = (3x22 — 2) R+3H + (2? — Bee”) a or v = (sin z)(cosh y) & — (cosz)(sinh y) $; etc. Broblem 1.20 ©) Vio) = Bede + Mad y + Yea = (22+ ofl) 2+ (s98 +996) 9 + (198 + 0%) 2 =S(Bx+ I+ Ma) +9 (xs H+ Ha) = 10) +N. acd (iv) V-(AXB) = 2 (AyB, — AvBy) + & (AsBz — AzBz) + $ (AzBy — AyBr) = Ay ORs + Bote — A, 28s — By Ws + A, Be + BM — Ag BBs — BL Oe As Pe + B, x ~ Ayes ~ Bae Ba (hp — Sr) + By (Me — Ss) + Be (BE ~ Be) — Ae (4 - Bt) —Ay (BBs ~ 9B) ~ A, (Bt — Be) = B.(VxA) - As(V XB) qed (0) Vx (FA) = (fsa ~ 2G fad) w+ (fad — Sifted) 9 4 (Mipted — Apfel) g = (Fe + Aah ~ 98 ~ Ay) + (s8f + AaGl — 19 - Aad) + (s%fe + Ay BE - 19h — Ang) 2 = 5 [( Se) e+ Oe — 9+ (Be He) a] — [(AvBE— AsSE) 8+ (Ar BE - 4eGE) 9+ (4096 - ABE) 8] =S(VXA)—AXx (VS). ged Problem 1.2 (a) (AV) (Acts + Ay Me + Aad) + (Aa SEs + Ay Be + Aa SP) + (eSBs + Aye + ASR) a. = SRE, Let's jun do the # component (eh t0h +28) oe6 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS = {2 [+ 2-BApe2e] + v2 [-bbye2a] + 22 [-4 Ape] } HE- AG +e tee)}=2(F- Bet +e )} = EER Same goes for the other components. Hence: [(F-V) * = 0 (0) (var¥) ve = (29 + Sea? f — 2ez fh) (cy R+ 2yzV + 3222) = 27 (yX +09 + 328) + 3x2? (2k + 22H +02) — nz (OK + 2H + 328) = (wy +3222?) 8+ (G24 — dayz) $+ (322 622) 2 i) [V(AB)], = F(AsBs + AyBy + AsBe) = Se Be + AaB + eB, + Ay Ge + Bab, + ABB [Ax(VxB)], sey — A.(VxB), Se 8 [Bx(VxA)], SB — Mn) — B, (Bx — Be) [(A-¥)B], (48 CE TABI = he athe + A,B (B-V)A], = Boe + 3, She + BoA So [Ax(VXB) + Bx(VxA) + (A-V)B + (B-V)Al, = Ay 3pe — Ay Bs — A, 8Bs + A, Bs + By Me — By Ma — Bs + BOs +A, Bs + Ay Be + ABs + Bs Be + By Be + BeBe = Bie + Aloe + B, (Se — hee) a ~ fe He) +B, (~2f + 9h + Me) + A,(— 9p + 9B + Oe) = [V(A-B}], (same for y and 2) (vi) [Vx(AxB)],, HlAxB). — F(AXB)y = §(AeBy ~ AyBz) ~ #(ArBe ~ Az Be) Shen, + Atha — 28a, — Ay Be ~ Aa, — As PBe + eB. + Ae MBs [(B-V)A - (A-V)B + (VB) — 2IV. “Ade Be Sf + By 9a + By Ms — A, Pa — Ay Be — A, Gs + Ay (Sfe + Ge + Be) — B (Spe + Sta + SA) = By She + Ae (Me fe 4 9B 4 BBs) + Be Bf — Hf 2A — Pa + Ay (882) + As (—e) + Bs (Ar) =[Vx(AxB)], (same for y and 2) Problem 1.23 Vis/9) = RU) x+ Esl) 9+ Rs/2 of set gy THE Ut fo (ges-+ 9 + Sa) — 5 (Ses + Seo + B42) = aE V-(A/9) = Bite 10) + SAvl9) + BelAs/) is — Aa ae 8s Aol 3 fo (Gte + Met Me) — (4cbe + Ay 4 A.Bs)] = ALAGA, ged i:[oe — )~ (4.8 48)] = MUKA HAXVe (game for y and z). ged [Vx(A/g)]e saa — B(Av/9) awe’ Problem 1.24 ae 5 8 dy Bz y —2e 0 (@) AxB = = 2(G22) +.9(02y) + 2(-22? ~ 692) V{AXB) = £(6e2) + $(Ozy) + £(-22" - 6p") = 62 +92 +0 = 152 VxA = 8 ($5 (82) ~ $20) +9 (H©) ~ HG) +2 (KOv)— H(2)) =0; BAVA) =0 VxB = 8(2(0)— £(-20)) +9 (Lu) - AO) +2(Z(-2z) — £66s)) = 5% ACVB) = 152 V-(AxB) 2 B.(Vx A) — A-(VxB) = 0 — (—152) = 152. ¥ (b) A-B = Szy ~ day = —2y ; V(A-B) = V(—ay) = 8 (—2y) + 7H (-sy) = -yR-2F zo % Ax(VxB)=| 2 2y 32 | =&(—10y) +9(52); Bx(VxA) =0 00 -5 (A-V)B = (29 + vg +3282) (Buk — 229) = K(6y) + 9(-22) (B-V)A = (3% = 2p) (a@&+ 29 + 322) = X(3y) + 9(—42) AX(VXB) + Bx(VXA) + (A‘V)B-+ (BVA lly & + Sa ¥ + Gy% — 2H + ByX — Ae} = -yR—2P = V-(A-B). Vv (6) Vx(AxB) = & (J (22? ~ 6y?) ~ (020) +9 ($(Cxz) ~ Z(-22* ~ 6y*)) +2 (P(Oxy) - £ (622) -12y — Sy) + 9(6x + 4x) + 2(0) = —2ly + 102g &e) + Fv) + FGx) =14+24+3=6; VB= L(y) + £(-22) =0 (B-V)A ~ (A-V)B + A(V-B) ~ B(V-A) = By — 429 — Gy + 225 — 18yK 4 122H = —2yR+ Oey = Vx(AxB). ¥ Problem 1.25 v. (0) Ge = 2; Fe = 5% =0 [VT Viv = 2% + G29.8 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS Problem 1.26 VV xv) = & (He - Ft) +h (Ge - Se) +B (St - Fe) = (255 - Bis) + (Se — Ba) + (See - Spe) =o. by equality ofcroderivatves. &(-20) + H(-32) + F(-2) = 0.4 yk- 327-22 + VAY Xv From Prob. 1.18: VV» Problem 127 53 2 " wx(We) =| ae ae | = Robbe ~ aba) +9 aE — ahs) + 80g ~ ads g Be by be = 0, by equality of cross-derivatives. In Prob. 1.11(b), VF = 2ey8et& + 32°yP24 9 4+ 42%y82? 8, 20 x y a VX(V=| Om aeyiet Satytet datytet = R(B- dr? y?z5 — 4- 307y?24) + 9(4- BzyS28 ~2- dayS2*) + 2(2- Bay?24 — 3 Qzy?z4) = 0. V Problem 1.28 (@) (0,0,0) —+ (1,0,0). 2:04 1,y vedi = fiz? de = (2°/3)\} = 1/3. (1,0,0) —> (1,1,0). s fvedl=0. (1,0) 9 (1,0). svedl = y8dz = do; fv-dl Total: fv -dl= (1/3) +041 (b) (0,0,0) —+ (0,0,1). 2 =y = 0,220 1jdl=deav- dl fv-d=o. (0,0,1) —+ (0,1,1). 2 = 0,y 20-9 1,2 = yd = dy $yv-dl = 2yzdy = By dy; f v-dl = 3 2ydy = yh (0,11) 9 (1,1). 2:09 Ly =z = bl = dexv-dl= 2? dz; fv-dl= fp 2? de = (29/3) = 1/3. Total: fv-dl=0+14 (1/3) =[4/3. (0) t= y= 2:04 lids = dy = dziv-dl =o? de + 2yz dy + y? dz = 2" de + 227 dz + 22 de = 40*de; Sve dls ff 4c" dz = (42°/3))3 = [473.] (@ §v-a= (4/3) - (4/3) = Problem 1.29 ay 10 > Lz = O;da = dedyij;v-da = y(2? ~ 3)dedy = —3ydedy;fv-da = -3f2 dz eydy = ~3(218) (G1) = -3(2)(2) = [22.] In Ex. 1.7 we got 20, for the same boundary line (the square in the zy- plane), so the answer is [16:] the surface integral does not depend only on the boundary line. The total flux for the cube is 20 + 12 = [32.] Problem JT dr = [ 2 dzdy dz. You can do the integrals in any order—here it is simplest to save z for last: 2 ff Ya)al« ‘The sloping surface is 2+-y-+z= 1, so the x integral is [(°~""”) dz = 1—-y—z. For a given 2, y ranges from 0 to 1—2, so the y integral is f{°-")(1—y—z) dy = [(1—z)y—(y?/2)I$- = (1-2)? - (1 2)?/2] = (1 2)?/2=(1/2)~ = + (22/2). Finally, the = integral is {2 2%(b 2+ 8)ae = (3-284 )ae = (8-449 1/60. Problem 1.31 T(b) =14442=7; Ta) =0. =[FO)-Te) UT = (22 + Ay)R-+ (4a + 229)9 + (Gy2")8) VT-dl (20 + dy)de + (42 + 20°)dy + (Gyz")de dy = de = 0. [VT ual = f2(22) de = 0, dz 0. fVT-dl = fp (4) dy SVT-dl = f} (62?) dz |. [VT -dl = f} (0) dz =0. 1, de = dz =0.[VTedl = f2(2) dy » dy = dz =0. [VT = f} (22 +4) de +4=5, (a) Segment 1: 2:0-91, y Segment 2: a1 Segment 3: 2:01, 225|) (b) Segment 1: 2:01, Segment 2: y:0-¥1, Segment 3: 2:01, = (2? +42)|, = 2015 SP VT =7.0 (©) 2:041, y=2, 2=2?, dy =drdz=2ndr. VIudl = (22 + 4a)de + (4 + 22°)de + (6x2")2x de = (10 + 142°)dx. SLUT dt = JP (102 + 1428)de = (5a? + 20") =542=7.0 Problem 1.32 Vv sy t22+30 Sevvjar = fly +224 8x) drdyde = [f {ely +224 3x) de} dyde SP [yt 222 + $27]? = 2(y 4.22) +6 S{Bey+42+6)dy} ae SD lv? + Get Oy]§ = 4 + 2042 + 6) =82 +16 = flee 16) Numbering the surfaces as in Fig. 1.20: (i) da = dy dz, (42? + 162)fp = 16 +32 = [48 dzdedz. [veda = [J4zdedz = 16. = -drdz9,y =0. veda =0. fveda = 0. (v) da = drdy3,2 =2. vida = Gr dr dy. fv-da = 24 (vi) da = ~dr dy’, 2 =0. veda =0. [veda > veda =8+16+24 = 48 V Problem 1.33 Vxv = &(0 —2y) +9(0— 32) + 2(0—2) = -2yk- 329-22. da = dy dz, if we agree that the path integral shall run counterclockwise. So (Vxv)-da = —2y dy dz.10 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS Se xv)eda = f{ 0" (-2u)ay} dz e Sv =-e-2" , = ~ {24-424 2%)dz gz — 22? + ah = ~(8-8+8)=[-# Meanwhile, v-dl = (sy)dx + (2yz)dy + (3e)dz. There are three segments. . 7! =0; de=de=0.y:0-42. fudl=0. ; r= 2—y; do = 0, de = dy, y 1240. ved = Yyzdy. JP 2u(2— v)dy = ~ fo (Ay ~ 2y2)ay = ~ (2y? d= “+0. vedl=0. fred Problem 1.34 By Corollary 1, f(Vxv)-da should equal 4. Vxv = (42? — 22)% +228. (i) da = dydz%, 2 =1; 2:01. (Vxv)-da = (42? — 2)dydz; f(Vxv)da = fj (42" — 2)dz (iv) da = -dede, () das dedy2, 221; 20-41. (Vxv)eda = Dd dy, [C0 xv}da 2, 3 UV xv)-da = -F +2 Problem 1.35 (a) Use the product rule Vx (fA) = f(WxA)—Ax (Vf): [fovxa)-da= [vxa)-das [fax (vp}-de= f tad [Ia x0) aa, aed. (Lused Stokes’ theorem in the last step.) (b) Use the product rule V-(A x B) = B-(VXA)—A-(V XB): [? (wxaydr= [ v(AxB)ar+ [A (VxB)ar = f(A 2m. Seda = flrsind)(r dr dg) = fos? dr 2" dp = 2nE. Total: [vida = wR° + 20K? = Suh. ¥ vv) ArB (r(cos0 + sind cosd)) + tg & (sin 6(— sind + cos6 cos ¢)) + =a &(—sin d) 4 2r(cos0 + sin 8 cos 4) + =; (—2sin 8 cos@ + cos? B.cos 4 — sin? cos 4) — —b cos sarr2sin@fos8 + 2sin? @cos 4 — 2sin8 fos 6 + cos? @ cos — sin? @ eos } — coe 4] = _ Fahy [(sin? 6 + cos* 0) cos $ ~ cos] = 0. = lWt=0 Check: ros = 2, rsin cos = x => in Cartesian coordinates t = x + 2. Obviously, Laplacian is zero. i Gradient Theorem: [° Vtedl = t(b) — t(a) Segment 1: 0 = ¥. 6=0, 7:02. dl=drf Ved [Vedi = [2dr =2 Segment 2 0= 5, r=2, 6:05. di=rsinddsg = 200d. Veedl = (—sing)(2d6) = -2sinddg. [Vtdl = — [¥ 2sinpdg = 2eos¢|f = -2. (cos + sin cos #)dr = (0+ 1)dr = dr.sing + cont ef) (208) = 2sind dB Meanwhile, (by = la) = 2G +0) - Ol =2. v sing R + c08 69; @=% Problem 1.41 From Fig. 1.42,[8 = cos@& + sin #9; Multiply frst by cos , second by sin , and subtract: Scosg — Gsing = cos? bX + cos gsin g§ + sin’ dx — sing cos ¢: So|% = cos $8 — sing 6. Multiply frst by sin, second by cos, and add: Ssind + cos = sin pcos px + sin® dF — sin pos p+ cos* d: So|¥ =sin d8 +cosod. Problem 1.42 (@) Vv LE (ss(2 + sin? #)) +h A(esindcosd) + £(32) 2o(2 + sin? ) +} s(cos"6 ~ sn? ) +3 442sin® d + cos? } — sin? 6 +3 44sin? + cos? 6+3=[B. (b) f(V-v)dr = f(8)sdsdodz =8 fj sds fF dd fp dz = 8(2) (5) (5) = [40m Meanwhile, the surface integral has five parts: . top: 7 =5, da = sdsdp%; v-da = 3z8dsd@ = 15sdsdd. [v-da=15 f° sds [2 dd = 15x. bottom: 2=0, da =~sdsd2; veda = -32zsdedp=0. Jv-da =0. 5 é sin pcos ds dz =0. fv-da =0. ssingcos dds dz =0. fv-da=0. (2 + sin? )s dbdz = 4(2 + sin” ¢)dgdz. SPQ + sin? o)d@ [8 de = (4)(m + $)(6) = 25x. So fveda = 15m +25 = 40m. ¥ (©) Vxv = (1% G2) = &(ssin pcos) 8+ (& (s+ sin? $)) - £(82)) 6 +2 (£(6*sin pos) - & ( )e = _}(2ssin pcos — #2sing cos) = Problem 1.43, (@) 3(8*) ~ 28) ~1 = 27-6 -1=[20. (b) cose © (@) (24-3) = int = [ears] Problem 1.44 (a) 2,22 +3)45(2) de = 2043) = (b) By Eq. 1.94, 6(1- 2) = 6(@ - 1), 901+34+2=[6) Tory CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS Se + 3) de = 9 (-3) 0(ifa <5). 5 (a) J. F@) [2H Ale)] de = 2 F(2)6(2)|N, — Sq de (# (2) 6(2) ae. ‘The first term is zero, since 6(2) = 0 at +00; # (2 f(z)) = 2 +f = 2H + f. So the integral is — f°, (ez + f) 5(2) de = 0— f(0) = —f(0) = — f%, fl@)6(2) dr. So, e£6(e) = -6(2). ged (b) JR S@) de = F(2)0@)IZ, — (0) = J f(z)5(a) de. So Problem 1.46 (a) [o(e) = @5( —¥').] Check: fo(r)ér =a fH -r)ar =a. V Pe) = a —F) — 0). (c) Bvidently p(r) = Ad(r — R). To determine the constant A, we require Q= Jodr = [Ad(r ~ R)4nr? dr = A4nR®. SoA= 73x. | alr) = znd(r - R). Problem 1.47 ~ ———— (a) a? + aa +0? =[30%.] (b) fle)? feS%(8) dr = gh = He +99) = [F] (0) 2 = 25 +944 = 38 > 36 = 6°, s0 € is outside V, so the integral is [2276.] (@) (e- (28 +29 +28)? =(1R+09-+ (-1)4)? =14 and hence the integral is e-(d — e) = (3,2,1) Problem 1.48 First method: use Eq. 1.99 to write J = fe" (4nd%(x)) dr = Ane Second method: integrating by parts (use Eq. 1.59). 2, La(e)de = f(co) ~ fg" Las = F(c0) - (H(ce) - (0) (z). ged Ge ~ fz venars fe Fda But Vier) = (Fer) peeve =f perinet ars fer5 Poinoandge =n femrarye-® fsinadoag 4n(-e- +e") = dev (Here R= 00, 60 e-* = 0.) =n (0) + de Problem 1.49 (a) VF: = £(0) + £00) + & (2! “ETE z [O} vre= SR Son VxXFi -| =[-225} oxr.-| ose ogee Sygje0 8 few eae15 Fy iva gradient; Fi isa curl] [U2=}(@?+y* +2)| would do (F2 = Vl). Ay = Fs An = = 0 would do it. For Ay, we want (22 — 9dr) = (2-H) =o, Se — Me ‘Ai = 429] (Fi = VxAu). (But these are not unique.) Ry ) VFs = £02)+£e2)+ Rly) =0; VXFs=| ew yz ze ay So Fy can be written as the gradient of a scalar (Fs = VUs) and as the curl of a vector (Fs = VAs). In fact, [Uy = sy2 | does the job. For the vector potential, we have (@-2)+9 (y—y) +8(2~2) ye, which suggests Ay = dy2 + fle); Ay fs Go mas, sugzoning Ay = Hote + Meus A he aay, 20 Ay = dey + R(y2)s A fea? + (v2) ey? +1(e,y) 4y2? + o(2.9) | Putting this all together: Fe (=v) Ry (@ — 2) 9 +2 (v*—2*) 8} | (eeain, not unique). Problem 1.50 (@ > (a): VxF = Vx(-VU)=0 (Bq. 1.44 - curl of gradient is always zero). (a) > (©): §F-dl = J(VXxF) “da = 0 (Eq. 1.57-Stokes’ theorem). (09 O) SP,B d= PF d= LF -a+ fp Fd $F d= 0,80 : . [Fa-[ Pa ler fer (©) > (c): same as (c) + (b), only in reverse; (c) = (a): same as (a)= (©). Problem 1.51 (@ > (a): VF = V-(VXW) =0 (Eq 1.46—divergence of curl is always zero). (a) => (): $F «da = [(V-F) dr = 0 (Eq, 1.56—divergence theorem) (©) > (b): fF -da— f,,F da = $F -da=0, 50 [Pedee [Ped fi hs (Note: sign change because for $ F-da, da is outward, whereas for surface IT it is inward.) (0) = (c): same as (c) + (b), in rovorse; (c)=> (a): same as (a)=> (c) - Problem 1.52 ~ In Prob. 1.15 we found that V-vg = 0; in Prob. 1.18 we found that Vxve = 0. So Ve can be written as the gradient of a scalar; va can be written as the curl of a vector. (a) To find t: () =v sta ste+ Soy) @) & = (Qay+ 2") (3) 3 = ve16 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS From (1) & (3) we get $f = 2yz => f = yz? + gly) t= ye ty2* + 9(y), 90 ft = Qry +2? + B= 2xy + 2? (from (2)) > $f =0. We may as well pick g = 0; then [t= ay? + yz" (b) To find W: Se — Sil = 22; le — Ba = gee; Ola Oe Pick W. = 0; then a2. ow, 2 322 oe W802? = We = 2072? + Hly,2) ea = -2ee = Wy = 222 + 9(y,2). |. May as well pick f = 9 = 0. & (28) +9 (S24) +.2(-202).7 You can add any gradient (Vt) to W without changing its curl, so this answer is far from unique. Some other solutions: W = 22-229; W = (2zyz + 22%) 842792; W = zyz— fate g + $a? (yet) &. Probelm 1.53 overs 1 Fy (77 #? 0086) + ind vv = ind? cos) = = Lase 1 Pee 1 att? cos 0 + —— c0s8r? cos $+ 3 a —? cos sin) (-#? cost cos4) rcos@ 6 [4sin@ + cos 6 — cos 4] = 4r-cosé. a sp “p [omer 5 [dr contyy sin ce dap = [2a [ontense [oo = (2) @) = Surface consists of four parts: (1) Curved: da = R? sind di dot; r=R. v ka (R? cosd) (FR? sind daa) . 1p 7p wn footie f ase m (3) (2) =28. a eaedl(2) Left: da = rar a9 (3) Back: da = r dr d8 }; |. v-da = (rcosdsin g) (rdrd#)=0. fv-da=0. /2. v+da = (-r? cos@ sin ¢) (rdr dd) = —r3 cos dr a. [vas [re Fova-- (ie) on= (4) Bottom: da = rsin dr dp; 0 = 7/2. v-da = (r? cos¢) (r dr dg) . Romp Ie dam [Pdr f conpae = ie ® Problem a 5 & vxv=| 2 % &/|=2(b-a). So f(Vxv)-da=(b—a)nR?. ay be 0 = yk +b29) (Gok dy + de8) = ayde + body; 24 y? = 10 = Dede + 2ydy = 0, s0 dy = ~(z/y) de. 80. v-dl = ayde +b2(—2/y) dx = } (ay? —b2?) dx For the “upper” semicircle, y = VRE = 2%, so v-dl = ~~ de, Fak (a+ d)2" 4 (oneein® 2 re in (2) foa= f[ dem {or sin R) -@+9[- SRP + sin @LL, R a = fRO-9 soe = one = 8 (ain“¥(-1) —sin"(4) = Fe (-2- 4) line = 5rR*(—a) ‘And the same for the lower semicircle (y changes sign, but the limits on the integral are reversed) 80 fv-dl=2R%(b—a). ¥ Problem 1.55 ()2=2=0; de=dz=0; y:091. ved (y +32) dy = yal 1 1 [va a (2) 2=0; 252-24; de = —2dy; ys1-¥0, v-dl= (y + 32) dy + 6de = ydy ~ 12dy = (y ~ 12) dy. [var fu-ma--(}-x) @)2=y=0; de=dy=0; 2:240. v-dl=6dz, [ran [oan 1 yay = 5. 1 =-7+218 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS Total: fv-d=}-}412-12=[ Meanwhile, Stokes’ thereom says § v-dl = (xv) -da, Here da = dy dz, so all we need is (Vxv)e= £6) - 2(y +32) =0. Therefore f(V xv) -da=0. ¥ Problem 1.56 Start at the origin. () @=§, 6=0; 720-91. veal = (ros? 8) (dr) fved=0. (2) r=1, = 5; 6:0->4/2. v-dl = (3r)(rsinOdg) =3de. fv a=s p= ¥. (8) 6= $F rsind =y=1, sor = gly, dr = zahy cosas, 0: FF. cos? 8 (- £058 ) d theta ~ 2289508 yy in? @ sin?6 cos ay) @=-e® see) 8 (seeeeete sind ‘Therefore Total: on fracoete} Stokes’ theorem says this should equal (WV xv) - da 1 a = [Fyne — Fc- ineos)] t xv Reva] 6 Fain 1fa a. an) st +2 [Pe-rrcosesina) ~ F (roos'a)] 6 1 raind = 3cot0#-66. (1) Back face: da = -r dr d9 $; (Vxv)-da=0. f(Vxv)-da=0. (2) Bottom: da = —rsin@ dr db6; (Vxv) -da = Grsin 8 dr dd. @ = ¥, 80 (Wxv) - de [sreosa}é + 46rd + 2 -arcosdsind + 2reos0 sind] 6rdrdd Lon _ gr DIT19 Problem 1.57 vedl=ydz. (1) Left side: = (2) Bottom: dz=0. ‘Therefore f'v-dl = a-#; dz=—-ds; y=0. Therefore fv-dl=0. (3) Back: By de = —1/2dy; y:2040. fv-dl= fy (—}ay) =~: Meanwhile, Vxv = &, so [((V xv) da is the projection of this surface on the zy plane = } -a-2a =a. ¥ Problem 1.58 ~ _ 12a 18 ga? 1 dy, w= a5 Fant pg (684? cos) + a ae (7? tan) 1 1 j 4r (ent 29 — sin? = spar sin + —— Ar? (cos? — sin? ) = <7 (sin? @ + cos* 6 sin? 6) gp to = and” (0 [ova J (2) (P? sind de dd di) = [ote Pcotow fao~ (Rt) (2m) & + =| 2 a =" (+94) 16 i ff (r+ 33). Surface consists of two parts: () The ice cream: 10-4 2x; 8:0-+ n/6; da = R?sinO d0d0f; v-da = (R°sin@) (R? sin 0d0d9) = Risin? 4.d0 a6. [vda= (2) The cone: 0 = 3; :0-+ 2m; 7:04 R; da=rsinOdpdr6 = BrdrdpG; v-da= Br drdp =R wea foo RY) (2) [i- Jina)” = 2rRt (% ~ jsneo") = me (--») v-da= V3 [ra fae= va ans Dee omens ‘Therefore f v-da = 28° (¢— 8 + v3) = ff (or +3V3). Vv Problem 1.59 (2) Corollary 2 says §(V7)-dl = 0. Stokes’ theorem says #(VP)-dl = [Vx (VT)]-da. $0 [[Vx(VT)}-da = 0, and since this is true for any surface, the integrand must vanish: Vx(VT) = 0, confirming Eq. 1.44.20 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS (b) Corollary 2says $('V xv) -da = 0. Divergence theorem says f(V xv)-da = ['V-(W xv) dr. So f V+(V xv) dr 0, and since this is true for any volume, the integrand must vanish: V(V Xv) = 0, confirming Eq. 1.46. (a) Divergence theorem: $v-da = [(W-v) dr. Let v = eT, where ¢ is a constant vector. Using product rule #5 in front cover: V-v = V-(eT) = T(V-c) + ¢- (VT). But ¢ is constant so V-e = 0. Therefore we have: Je-(VT)dr = fTe- da. Since ¢ is constant, take it outside the integrals: ¢-fVI'dr = c+ fT da. But ¢ js any constant vector—in particular, it could be be &, or $, or 80 each component of the integral on left equals corresponding component on the right, and hence [vrar= fran aoa (b) Let v -+ (v xe) in divergence theorem. Then f V-(v x e)dr = f(v xe) da, Product rule #6 => V.(v x €) = (Vv) ~v-(VXe) =e: (VXv). (Note: VXxe = 0, since ¢ is constant.) Meanwhile vector identity (1) says da (v x e) = €- (da xv) = —c+ (v x da). Thus fe (Vxv) dr =~ fe- (v x da). Take ¢ outside, and again let © be &, , # then: [ovxar=- fv xda. aed (c) Let v = TVU in divergence theorem: ['V-(TVU) dr = [T'VU-da. Product rule #£(5) = V(TWU) = TV(VU) + (VU) (VT) =TV2U + (VU) (VT). Therefore) / (rV°U + (VU) (VT) dr= f (PVU)-da. ged (4) Rewrite (c) with PU: f (UV?T + (VT)-(VU)) dr= [(UVT)-da. Subtract this from (c), noting that the (VU) -(W7) terms cancel: J (9°U - UV?) dr = I (IVU -UVT)-da. ged (e) Stoke's theorem: [(V xv) -da = fv-dl. Let ?. By Product Rule #(7): Vx(eT) = T(Vxe) — x (VT) = ex (VT) {since © is constant). Therefore, ~ f(c x (WT))-da = f Te- dl. Use vector indentity #1 to rewrite the first term (e x (VI) -da = ¢-(VT xda). So — fe-(VI x da) = fe-Tl. Pull e outside, and let + %, 7, and @ to prove: [vrxdn=- fra oot Problem 161 (a) da = R? sin dd db. Let the surface be the northern hemisphere. The & and ¥ components clearly integrate to-zero, and the & component off is e038, £0 af in? 9 0/2 = | wsindcosoda dia = ann? 2 [sin deowe dd = anf a8? = [nie a, (b) Let T= 1 in Prob. 1.60(a). Then VT = 0,80 fda=0. qed. (c) This follows from (b). For suppose a; # api then if you put them together to make a closed surface, fda =a; — ag £0. (a) For one such triangle, da = }(r x dl) (since r x dl is the area of the parallelogram, and the direction is perpendicular to the surface), so for the entire conical surface, a = 3 fr x dl.a1 (@) Let T = ¢-r, and use product rule #4: VT = V(c-r) = € x (Vxr) + (c- V)r. But Vxr = 0, and (-V)r= (eek + eyZ teaR Nek +9 = 28) = cok +0y9 +6,2 =e. So Prob. 1.60(¢) says fta= fie-na= Problem 1.62 @ [oxina=-ex [tanexazane oat 2)-kgo- For a sphere of radius R: J (hf) (Rsin@ d9d6e) J (4s) (7? sin ard da) Sveda S(V-v) dr So divergence theorem checks. Rf sinddddé = 4nR. (f«) ([sin@ d0 dé) = 4nR. | 3 Evidently there is no delta function at the origin. n 9 (a,n) 19 1 fe = Vx 8) = Sg (Pe) = a5 OM) = Gln + De = [nt 2)E (except for n = 2, for which we already know (Eq. 1.99) that the divergence is 4n8%(r)). (2) Geometrically, it should be zero. Likewise, the curl in the spherical coordinates obviously gives To be certain there is no lurking delta function here, we integrate over a sphere of radius J, using Prob. 1.60(b): If Vx(e"#) = 0, then f(Vxv)dr = 02 -fvxda. But v = r°f and da = Fi'sin 949 dé are both in the f directions, s0 v x da = 0. ¥Chapter 2 Electrostatics Froviem 7: () [Eas ()|F ZS. where r is the distance from center to each numeral. F points toward the missing 4. Explanation: by superposition, this is equivalent to (a), with an extra —9 at 6 o'clock—since the force of all twelve is zero, the net force is that of ~g only. (©) [Zero 1 9@ ‘i issit 7 (€)| <= 4. [pointing toward the missing 9. Same reason as (b). Note, however, that if you explained (b) as ine F cancellation in pairs of opposite charges (1 o'clock against 7 o'clock; 2 against 8, ete.), with one unpaired g doing the job, then you'll need a different explanation for (A). Problem 2.2 = (a) “Horizontal” components cancel, Net vertical field is: B, = 1=2cos8. 2 T ey Hore s? = 2? + (§)° ; cos@ = j, so] B= 2g, a Anco (28+ (§)")"” ‘When z >> d you're so far away it just looks like a single charge 2g; the field agT ga should reduce to B = z4-22. And it does (just set d -» 0 in the formula). (b) This time the “vertical” components cancel, leaving 2 sin 8%, or 7 a SBsoerOT From far away, (z > d), the field goes like B ~ qf &, which, as we shall se, isthe field of a dipole. (If we set d +0, we got E = 0, as is appropriate; to the extent that this configuration looks like a single point charge from far away, the net charge is zero, so E -+ 0.) 223 Problem 2.3 BE, = yt Mt cos8; (0? = abate ceils = oa [otra = dato Be = mate Band = ah cats = aa [- atell 5 5 ; leew? )§+ (zen) 4: For z > L you expect it to look like a point charge q = AL: B-> term 0, and the 2 term —> 72-342, Problem 2.4 From Ex. 2.1, with L + $ and z ~> y/2? + (8)? (distance from center of edge to P), field of one edge is: Aba, Te checks, for with 2 > 1 the & 1 da There are 4 sides, and we want vertical components only, so multiply by 4 cos@ Ey Daz se +8) (+e “Horizontal” components cancel, leaving: E = gL- { f4f! cos 6} 2. Here, o? = 12 +24, cos@ = # (both constants), while fll = 2nr. So 1 _AQar)z Ee tra 24 ay Problem 2.6 Break it into rings of radius r, and thickness dr, and use Prob. 2.5 to express the field of each ring. Total charge of a ring is 0 2ar- dr = X-2nr, 80 = cdr is the “line charge” of each ring. 1 (odr)2arz Fre (2 4 2)?” Ea 1 BR r meh a 1 1 1 we = Dron |= — eens 8. Bowe = reg "|e IEE =z24 CHAPTER 2. ELECTROSTATICS For >» 2 the second term -> 0, 60 Epiane = qig2no% =| 8. Por 2 R, oghew = tare)” wi (1-38), s01]6 and B= ji tie = 1G, where Q=nRo. Problem 2.7 Fis clearly in the 2 direction. From the diagram, dg = oda = oF? sin0 d0 49, a? = R? + 2? ~ 2Rzcosd, cosy = =Aee, So 1 f aR? sin@ dd dé(z ~ Roosd) “tro | +e WRewsge | S462 2 a {2 Reos§) sind cost, p 6=0>u=41 = glare) f wo Integral can be done by partial fractions—or look it up. [=a et = aagtnPa) [5 For z > R (outside the sphere), E. For 2 < R (inside), Be Problem 2.8 According to Prob. 2.7, all shells interior to the point (i.e. at smaller r) contribute as though their charge were concentrated at the center, while all exterior shells contribute nothing. Therefore whore Qin is the total charge interior to the point. Outside the sphere, all the charge is interior, so 1@Q ter Inside the sphere, only that fraction of the total which is interior to the point. counts: Qn = ola ie Problem 2.9 (8) p= 0 V-B = coXeh (0? a). Problem 2.18 From Prob. 2.12, the field inside the positive sphere is E,. = sfr., where ry. is the vector from the positive is —zf;r-. So the total field is center to the point in question. Likewise, the field of the negative sphere ix 2 Een) ze! [rx (3) pdr (since p depends on r’, not r) , from Prob. 1.62). yf QVxE=kF F | = B[R(2z — 22) + 9(0 — 0) + 2(2y — 2y)] jy) ay ta? ys] 0 Ey is a possible electrostatic field. e Let's go by the indicated path: Ev dl = (y?de + (22y + 2?)dy + 2yzde)k (205 90520) Step I: y= 2 = 0; dy = dz =0. E- dl = ky* de =0. Step Il: x = 29, y :0 + yo, 2 = 0. dz = dz = 0. E-dl=k(2zy + 2*)dy = 2kroy dy. Jy Bo dl = Ake fo ydy = kaoyg. T Step III: x = x0, y = yo, z : 0 ~> 29; da = dy = 0. ad 1028 CHAPTER 2, ELECTROSTATICS B. dl = 2kyzdz = 2hyos de. Sip B+ dl = 2yok f° zdz = kyo23. (co.yp.z0) V(20,¥0, 20) = — [ E+ dl = —k(tou3 + vo2s), or [V(x ys 2) = —K(ay? + v2’). (ao-402) 94 (ev tye) Smale? e+ Oeyts) 94 2ye tee Check: —wv mul tes 492") 24, Problem 2.21 vo=-cea { Outside the sphere (r > R) : Inside the sphere (r < R) : So for r > R: V(r) oa (ataih) a= ate and for r < R: V(r) = JE (aoe Joo Harn (* When r > R, WV = eB (LE When r < R, WV = goad (3~ Problem 2.22 E = ,L:28 (Prob. 2.13). In this case we cannot set the reference point at 00, since the charge itself extends to'o0. Let’s set it at s =a. Then clear why a = 00 would be no good—likewise the other “natural” point, a = 0.) aig 20g (In (3) 8 = ~ G2 = EV Problem 2.28 VO) = ~ {QB d= — (Ear ef SEP )dr — [2O)dr = £OG9 — F (In (Z) +a (2-3) -149}5/2in Problem 2.24 Using - 2.22 and the fields from Prob. 2.16: V(Q)-V(0)=- (E-dl=—fPE-dl- fPE-di= = Sl + se malt = Problem 2.25 (@)29 OV= aot, Age = = Ag inet VFAE, : i\ =| Ain | EAE | A on (eevee a = oe | wc : = dhe i RM = alg one (VA FHE = |Z (Va =2). In each case, by symmetry $Y = $Y =0. a |- ieee age meesgy 2a (-4) wan? 4 (agrees with Prob. 2.2a) B= ~a8s (agro tale - cores} * = oats voter (GE) 0 (B= mae {bomb - 12 =] b 5 rel | (agrees with Prob. 2.6). Ifthe right-hand charge in (a) is ~a, then [V = 0}, which, naively, suggests B = —VV = 0, in contradiction with the answer to Prob. 2.25. The point is that we only know V on the z axis, and from this we cannot hope to compute B, = —9Y or By = 9. That was OK in part (a), because we knew from symmetry that E, = E, = 0. But now E points in the x direction, so knowing V on the z axis is insufficient to determine E. Seen ae vos ef (2) a= BE gvin= (where r = 4/V3) - NEA v= * (2) a whore # = fi? +32 — Vita. XA oe Grea J2Jo Vit 4 a a ~ vin a ane, : E “Wie [i+ J tansavn— Vth) — _ 24v2\_ oh, ((2+v2)? -2e(258) eo (e) 2 V¢_) - V(b) = $* [1-4 v3] 2| (agrees with Ex. 2.1).30 CHAPTER 2. ELECTROSTATICS Problem 2.27 L Cut the cylinder into slabs, as shown in the figure, and use result of Prob. 2.25c, with z+ 2 and 0 ~» pdz: 4 v= ue a ° (VRE EaE 2) de SS ch = ovR + Rina + VRE a) — 29/2 * Problem 2.28 Orient axes so P is on 2 axis. Here p is constant, dr = r? sin @dr db dp, V = he Satis 5 "dd = 2x. Bree) |0 = 2 (Vee HEI - VP FF) nf Heese} So Tere areca 8 = fe (VF? =2ete-h31 13 ° But p= qqu, 80 V(z) = ah aff (RP ) Problem 2.29 = - VV = ALV?f(S)ar = zs Sole’)(V*E)dr (since p is a function of r', not r) ate Jole!)[An6°(0— v)] dr = — 2 ole). ¥ Problem 2.30. (@) Bx. 24: Expove = 3258 Evetow = 36,8 (A always pointing up); Esnove — Evetow = Za. ¥ Ex. 2.5: At each surface, E = 0 one side and E = £ other side, so AB = £.¥ Prob. 2.11: Boye = 285# = £7; Bia = 0350 A= £8. ¥ ©) SSF) Outside: $B + da = E(2n8)l = LQme = LQnR)l +E £6 (at surface). Inside: Qune = 0, 80 B= (© Vous = Be = Bf (at surface); Vs Mas = Bg = 2 (at surface); 28a = 0; 90 Mas — On = Problem 2.31 ©, xO) # ot me | (0) W, = 0, Wa = hy (=); Wa = ay (ee - S)s We = (eee (a))- @ 3) | ig L 1 2g? 1 Waa deh (A -t-2+ de} =| ae (298)32 CHAPTER 2. ELECTROSTATICS Problem 2.32 (a) W =} JoVdr. From Prob. 2.21 (or Prob. 2.28): 1a /f® ad atk 0-m = ye 4 ~ = Fe Te SY =3 (0) W = 4 fE%dr. Outnde (r > R) E else 2 sy) -49{(Df+s @}- ak (k+ ae) mike (0) W = ${ f,VEB-da+ f,B%dr}, where V is large enough to enclose all the charge, but otherwise arbitrary. Let’s use a sphere of radius a > R. Here V w # (a!) (gph) rameanass [" Bars f° (Gi data} = $(gope 2 Grey 1 @fi 1 =aei(atsn-a As a+ co, the contribution from the surface integral (;-$:) goes to zero, while the volume integral (a5 ECG - 1) Picks up the slack. Problem 2.58 aw = av = a(e ys (q= charge on sphere of radius r). neo) 1 4 gatnipsaty = © on sphere) a= pro apy (q= total charge on sphere) ¥ d= amrtdr p = AT gar = Shree ‘ = dartde p= pede = Fe _ 1 (a) 1 (349 1 3g 4 =a (+ (BP) = meee Lae (® 4 1 BPR Fre FE Jy 7 Gre ROS Ineo33 Problem 2.34 ()W= fk B= Ao (a 8), and hence f By «Ep dr Woe = Wit Wa + ¢0f Ba «Badr = ggg? (b+ Problem 2.35 (@lon= Gi w= onal rat! © = abe (0) VO) =~ JB dl = ~ f(g B)dr — [Oar — SE (ahs) ar ~ ae =| (©) [av 0] (the charge “drains off”); V(0) = — 2 (Oar — "(25 &)dr — [2(0)dr Problem 2.36 @ fat @ Fait ||°° = “Gere where r = vector from center of large sphere. where ra (ts) is the vector from center of cavity a (6). y= Se, Freer} Problem 2.37 Betwomn the plates, Z = 0; outside the plates Z = o/¢9 = Q/eoA. So poop 2G |e Problem 2.38 a Inde, B = 0; outside, Bue babe ets fe ooisee Se as Fe = Sfeda = f(qSex)}(qhg Re) e088 R? sin 8 dd dep aoa = aby (afa)"2n Jo” sin cos9.d0 = 2-(H)* (sin? IE” = ah)? = dea