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Oops With Dotnet

The OOPS concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Encapsulation binds code and data together and isolates it from other code and data through a defined interface. Inheritance allows a class to acquire properties of another class in a hierarchical structure. Polymorphism allows one interface to be used for a general class of actions where the specific action is determined by the situation. A struct is a value type that is more efficient for lightweight objects like Point while a class is a reference type. Structs can be instantiated without using new, fields may be unassigned, there is no inheritance or default constructor, and it is an error to initialize instance fields or derive from a struct. A class is more flexible with

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54 views

Oops With Dotnet

The OOPS concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Encapsulation binds code and data together and isolates it from other code and data through a defined interface. Inheritance allows a class to acquire properties of another class in a hierarchical structure. Polymorphism allows one interface to be used for a general class of actions where the specific action is determined by the situation. A struct is a value type that is more efficient for lightweight objects like Point while a class is a reference type. Structs can be instantiated without using new, fields may be unassigned, there is no inheritance or default constructor, and it is an error to initialize instance fields or derive from a struct. A class is more flexible with

Uploaded by

transformer86
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What are the OOPS concepts?

1) Encapsulation: It is the mechanism that binds together code and data


in manipulates, and keeps both safe from outside interference and
misuse. In short it isolates a particular code and data from all other codes
and data. A well-defined interface controls the access to that particular
code and data.
2) Inheritance: It is the process by which one object acquires the
properties of another object. This supports the hierarchical classification.
Without the use of hierarchies, each object would need to define all its
characteristics explicitly. However, by use of inheritance, an object need
only define those qualities that make it unique within its class. It can
inherit its general attributes from its parent. A new sub-class inherits all
of the attributes of all of its ancestors.
3) Polymorphism: It is a feature that allows one interface to be used for
general class of actions. The specific action is determined by the exact
nature of the situation. In general polymorphism means "one interface,
multiple methods", This means that it is possible to design a generic
interface to a group of related activities. This helps reduce complexity by
allowing the same interface to be used to specify a general class of action.
It is the compiler's job to select the specific action (that is, method) as it
applies to each situation.

What is the difference between a Struct and a Class?

The struct type is suitable for representing lightweight objects such


as Point, Rectangle, and Color. Although it is possible to represent a
point as a class, a struct is more efficient in some scenarios. For
example, if you declare an array of 1000 Point objects, you will
allocate additional memory for referencing each object. In this
case, the struct is less expensive.

When you create a struct object using the new operator, it gets
created and the appropriate constructor is called. Unlike classes,
structs can be instantiated without using the new operator. If you
do not use new, the fields will remain unassigned and the object
cannot be used until all of the fields are initialized.

It is an error to declare a default (parameterless) constructor for a


struct. A default constructor is always provided to initialize the
struct members to their default values.

It is an error to initialize an instance field in a struct.

There is no inheritance for structs as there is for classes. A struct


cannot inherit from another struct or class, and it cannot be the
base of a class. Structs, however, inherit from the base class
Object. A struct can implement interfaces, and it does that exactly
as classes do.
A struct is a value type, while a class is a reference type.

Value type & reference types difference? Example from .NET.


Integer & struct are value types or reference types in .NET?
Most programming languages provide built-in data types, such as integers
and floating-point numbers, that are copied when they are passed as
arguments (that is, they are passed by value). In the .NET Framework,
these are called value types. The runtime supports two kinds of value
types:

Built-in value types


The .NET Framework defines built-in value types, such as
System.Int32 and System.Boolean, which correspond and are
identical to primitive data types used by programming languages.

User-defined value types


Your language will provide ways to define your own value types,
which derive from System.ValueType. If you want to define a type
representing a value that is small, such as a complex number
(using two floating-point numbers), you might choose to define it
as a value type because you can pass the value type efficiently by
value. If the type you are defining would be more efficiently passed
by reference, you should define it as a class instead.

Variables of reference types, referred to as objects, store references to


the actual data. This following are the reference types:

class

interface

delegate

This following are the built-in reference types:

object,string

What is Method overloading?


Method overloading occurs when a class contains two methods with the
same name, but different signatures.

What is Method Overriding? How to override a function in C#?


Use the override modifier to modify a method, a property, an indexer, or
an event. An override method provides a new implementation of a
member inherited from a base class. The method overridden by an
override declaration is known as the overridden base method. The
overridden base method must have the same signature as the override
method.
You cannot override a non-virtual or static method. The overridden base
method must be virtual, abstract, or override.

Can we call a base class method without creating instance?


Its possible If its a static method.
Its possible by inheriting from that class also.
Its possible from derived classes using base keyword.

You have one base class virtual function how will call that function
from derived class?
Ans:

class a
{
public virtual int m()
{
return 1;
}
}
class b:a
{
public int j()
{
return m();
}
}

In which cases you use override and new base?


Use the new modifier to explicitly hide a member inherited from a base
class. To hide an inherited member, declare it in the derived class using
the same name, and modify it with the new modifier.

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