1
Hot pot
Hot pot is very popular in winter.
1 Why is there less
and less soup when it keeps boiling?
2 If we put a lid on the pot,
the lid will make a clinking sound when the soup is boiling. Why?
3 When we add meatballs
and vegetables into the soup, meatballs sink but vegetables float. Why?
4 Why do meatballs
float after they are done?
6.1 Matter
6.1 Matter
6.1 Matter
Matter
Do you know what matter () is?
6.1 Matter
Matter
Matter is anything which has mass and takes up space.
6.1 Matter
Matter
cloud air
Examples of matter
trees
basketball
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Matter
light
Examples of non-matter
heat
sound
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The three states of matter
states of matter ()
solid ()
liquid ()
gas ()
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The three states of matter
steam gas pot solid
water liquid
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6.1
Identifying the three states of matter
helium
guitar alcohol sand wooden cube
oil
ice
steam
town gas
water
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6.1
Solid guitar, ice, sand, wooden cube Liquid Gas oil, alcohol, helium, water steam, town gas
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The three states of matter
The three states of matter are __________, __________ and solid liquid gas __________.
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Properties of solids, liquids and gases
Lets study their properties in the following activity.
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6.1
Experiment video
Comparing the properties of solids, liquids and gases
I Properties of solids
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6.1
1 Press as hard as you can.
wooden cube
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6.1
a Does the shape of the cube change? No.
wooden cube
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6.1
b Does the volume of the cube change? No.
wooden cube
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6.1
shape Solids have fixed _________ and _________. volume
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6.1
II Properties of liquids
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6.1
2
syringe
water
25 cm3 of water
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6.1
3
cap
push
plunger
6.1 Matter
25
6.1
3 Does the volume of the water change? No.
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6.1
4
200 cm3 of water
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6.1
a Does the shape of the water change?
Yes.
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6.1
b
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6.1
b Does the volume of water the same as before?
Yes.
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6.1
Liquids have fixed ________ volume shape They but no fixed ________. take up the shapes of the containers.
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6.1
III Properties of gases
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6.1
5
pull to fill 25 cm3 of air
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6.1
5
cap
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6.1
5 What is the shape of the air in the syringe? It takes the shape of the syringe.
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6.1
6
push
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6.1
6 Does the volume of the air change? Yes.
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6.1
7
pull to fill another 25 cm3 of air
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6.1
7
balloon
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6.1
8
balloon
push
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6.1
8 Does the shape of the air change? Yes.
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6.1
do not have fixed Gases _____________ volume and shape. They take up the volumes and the shapes of the closed containers.
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Change of states
After taking out from a freezer ice liquid water
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Change of states
Putting a lid on a pot with boiling water
steam liquid water
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6.2
Experiment video
Observing the change of states of water I Melting
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6.2
1 Put some crushed ice into a funnel.
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6.2
2
thermometer crushed ice funnel
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6.2
3 Record the temperature of the ice every half minute for 5 minutes.
Time (min) 0 0.5 1
Temperature (C)
Does the ice turn into liquid water?
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6.2
3 At what temperature does the ice turn to liquid water? About 0 C.
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6.2
4 Plot the temperature of the ice against time in a piece of graph paper.
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6.2
4 Does the temperature change when the ice melts? No.
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6.2
Melting () is the process in which a substance changes from solid into liquid state.
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6.2
When ice is heated to a fixed temperature, it melts and liquid water turns to _____________. This temperature is called the melting point () of ice. The melting point of ice is 0 ______.
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6.2
II Boiling
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6.2
5 thermometer 100 cm3 of water heat with Bunsen burner
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6.2
6 Record the temperature of water every half minute for 5 minutes.
Time (min) 0 0.5 1
Temperature (C)
Does the water turn to steam?
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6.2
6 At what temperature does the water turn to steam? About 100 C.
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6.2
7 Plot the temperature of the water against time in a piece of graph paper.
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6.2
7 Does the temperature change when the water boils? No.
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6.2
Boiling () is the process in which a substance changes from liquid into gas state.
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6.2
When water is heated to a fixed temperature, it boils and turns to ________. steam This temperature is called the boiling point () of water. The boiling point of water is ________. 100
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6.2
III Condensation
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6.2
8
100 cm3 of water heat until the water boils
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6.2
9 mirror to catch the steam
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6.2
9 What do you observe on the mirror? Steam condenses on the mirror to form water droplets.
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6.2
Condensation () is the process in which a substance changes from gas into liquid state.
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Change of states
Freezing () liquid state
cooled to a fixed temperature freezing point ()
solid state
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Change of states
temperature increases solid
melting freezing
liquid
boiling condensation
gas
temperature decreases
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Change of states
For the same substance, solid liquid
melting
same temperature
freezing
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Change of states
Different substances have different melting points and boiling points.
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Change of states
Melting point Boiling State at room point temperature
solid Tungsten 3422 C 5555 C
filament
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Change of states
Melting point
Iron
Boiling State at room point temperature
solid
1538 C 2861 C
iron
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Change of states
Melting point Boiling State at room point temperature
liquid Mercury 39 C 357 C
mercury
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Change of states
Melting point
Ethanol 114 C
Boiling State at room point temperature 78 C
liquid
ethanol
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Change of states
Melting point Boiling State at room point temperature
gas Nitrogen 210 C 196 C
nitrogen
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Change of states
Melting, freezing and boiling take place at fixed temperatures. During melting, freezing and boiling, the state of the matter changes.
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1
1
melting
boiling
solid freezing
liquid
condensation
gas
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1
2 Which process takes place in each example?
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1
a Heating metal at a high temperature in order to shape the metal
melting
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1
b Making ice cubes
freezing
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c Water droplets forming on the surface of a can of cold drink
condensation
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d Boiling soup
boiling
