Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

Covers the following products: Single mixer: RFFC2072, RFFC5072, RFFC2072A, RFFC5072A Dual mixers: RFFC2071, RFFC5071, RFFC2071A, RFFC5071A RFMD Multi-Market Products Group

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

REVISION HISTORY
Version Date 2.0 25-Jun-12 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 Description of change(s) Added section on programming the A series devices with VCO temperature compensation. 01-Jun-11 Removed section 3, Device Setup This section appears in document titled : Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer/Modulator Family Register Map Description 18-Apr-11 Improved images in section 2. New Signals and Timing Section added 17-Mar-11 Changes to maximum frequency of operation of CT-cal circuitry. 07-Dec-10 Correction to LO Integers on Page 10 22-Oct-10 First publication 21-Oct-10 Prep for publication 29-Sep-10 Updated to allow for new spec on max VCO frequency during CT cal and for passing on to MarCom 01-Jul-10 Second Draft 29-Jun-10 Initial Draft for second revision of the chip Author(s) Eric Schonthal Barbara Cox Barbara Cox Barbara Cox Barbara Cox Robert Pipkin Robert Pipkin Chris Shepherd Chris Shepherd Chris Shepherd

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

CONTENTS 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 2. Steps for Programming the device ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Details for Setting Up Device Operation ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Details for Setting Calibration Mode ................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.3 Details for Setting Operating Frequencies ........................................................................................................................................ 8 2.3.1 Calculating Divider Values ................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Details for Setting Loop Filter Calibration Mode ........................................................................................................................... 10 2.5 Details for Enabling the Device ....................................................................................................................................................... 11 3. The A Series with VCO Temperature Compensation ........................................................................................................................... 12 4. References............................................................................................................................................................................................ 13

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

1. INTRODUCTION
RFMDs second-generation integrated synthesizer/mixer RFFCxxxx series of devices (also known as Slice2) are intended to provide features similar to the first-generation RF205x series (Slice1), but with: Better phase noise VCO auto-selection General purpose outputs Higher frequency operation (in the RFFC5xxx series) Device control via the serial bus

The Slice2+ devices that have an A suffix also feature advanced VCO temperature compensation. This is addressed in section 3.

Figure 1. Integrated synth/mixer block diagram (dual mixer variant)

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

2. STEPS FOR PROGRAMMING THE DEVICE

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

2.1

DETAILS FOR SETTING UP DEVICE OPERATION

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

2.2

DETAILS FOR SETTING CALIBRATION MODE

Set additional features

General Purpose Outputs? No Lock output signal? No 4-wire programming? No Frequency modulator? No Additional features set

Yes

Program GPO:p1gpio, p2gpio and gate

Up to six general purpose outputs are available on the device

Yes

Program GPO:lock

The LOCK flag can be directed to a general purpose output if required

Yes

Program SDI_CTRL:4wire

It is possible to set the programming bus to operate using four wires giving separate DIN and DOUT lines It is possible to modulate the frequency of the VCO by programming the device or using one of the GPOs

Yes

Program EXT_MOD:modstep, modsetup and FMOD:modulation

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

2.3

DETAILS FOR SETTING OPERATING FREQUENCIES

Set operating frequencies

Auto VCO select? Yes Auto CT_cal? Yes Is fVCO > 3.2GHz? No Program Pn_FREQ1:p1presc to 2

No

Program VCO_AUTO.auto, P1_FREQ1.p1vcosel and P2_FREQ1.p2vcosel

If the internal auto VCO selection isnt used the correct values must be programmed into registers If manual CT calibration is used the correct value must be programmed into the registers

No

Program CT_CAL1.p1ct, p1ctdef and CT_CAL2.p2ct, p2ctdef

Yes

Program Pn_FREQ1:p1presc to 4 LF:pllcpl to 3

If the VCO frequency is above 3.2GHz it is necessary to set the prescaler to /4 and charge pump leakage to 3 for the CT_cal to work correctly

Program P1_FREQn.p1n, p1lodiv, p1nmsb, p1nlsb and P2_FREQn.p2n, p2lodiv, p2nmsb, p2nlsb

The divider ratios must be calculated and programmed into the registers.

Frequency programmed

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

2.3.1

Calculating Divider Values

There are three dividers on the chip controlling the local oscillator frequency: the LO divider, the N-divider, and the LOs associated prescaler. The prescaler is required to restrict the input frequency to the N-divider to a maximum frequency of 1.6GHz. This is illustrated below:

Figure 2. Simplified block diagram of the frequency synthesizer The divider values should be calculated in the following order: 1. The LO divider (lo_div) 2. The N-divider (n, nummsb, numlsb) n_lo lodiv fVCO fbkdiv n_div n nummsb numlsb = = = = = = INT(log2(fVCOmax / fLO) ) 2n_lo lo_div * fLO 2 (fVCO < 3.2GHz) 4 (fVCO > 3.2GHz) fVCO / fbkdiv / fPD INT(n_div) INT(216 * (n_div n)) INT(28 * (216*(n_div n) - nummsb) )

= = =

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

For example an LO of 314.159265MHz with a 26MHz reference frequency would be calculated as follows: n_lo lodiv fVCO fbkdiv n_div n nummsb numlsb = = = = INT(log2(5400 / 314.159265) ) = INT(log2(17.1887338736) ) = 4 2n_lo = 16 lo_div * fLO = 5026.548240MHz 4 fVCO / 4 / fPD = 5026.54824 / 4 / 26 = 48.3321946154 INT(n_div) = 48 (0x030) INT(216 * (n_div n)) = 21770 (0x550A) INT(28 * (216*(n_div n) - nummsb) ) = 181 (0x85)

= = =

2.4

DETAILS FOR SETTING LOOP FILTER CALIBRATION MODE

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

2.5

DETAILS FOR ENABLING THE DEVICE

For optimum VCO phase noise the prescaler divider should be set to divide by 2. If the VCO frequency is greater than 3.2GHz, it is necessary to set the ratio to 4 to allow the CT_cal algorithm to work. After the device is enabled, the divider values can be reprogrammed with the prescaler divider ratio of 2 and the new n, nummsb, and numlsb values. Taking the previous example of an LO of 314.159265MHz: fbkdiv n_div n nummsb numlsb = 2 fVCO / 2 / fPD = 5026.54824 / 2 / 26 = 96.66438923 INT(n_div) = 96 (0x060) INT(216 * (n_div n)) = 43541 (0xAA15) INT(28 * (216*(n_div n) - nummsb) ) = 106 (0x6A)

= = =

These new values would be programmed into the device. Since the VCO frequency is unaffected, the CT_cal value will be correct.

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

3. THE A SERIES WITH VCO TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION

The devices with an A suffix (RRFC2071A, RFFC2072A, RFFC5071A and RFFC5072A) all feature advanced VCO temperature compensation circuits that deliver stable synthesizer performance across the operating
temperature range of -40C to +85C. There is no requirement to re-calibrate the VCO with changing temperature.

The programming for the A devices is almost identical to the standard parts, so the programming in section 2 above applies. There are just two extra register settings that need to be written at set-up (see section 2.1) to get the best performance from the synthesizer: Set icpup = 3 in VCO_CTRL register, charge pump up enable Set ldlev = 1 in PLL_CTRL register, sets wide lock detect range

There are two new registers for the VCO temperature compensation, T_VCO and T_CTRL, but these do not need to be programmed. The default settings in T_VCO and T_CTRL are required for standard operation. Please refer to the Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Register Map and Programming Guide for further details. Note that the A devices also have some changes to the default (or reset) register settings, as follows. These do not need to be written during the device set up phase, section 2.1: P2_FREQ1:p2vcosel = 0 VCO_AUTO:ct_min = 0 VCO_AUTO:ct_max = 127 CT_CAL1:p1ctv = 12 CT_CAL2:p2ctv = 12 TEST:rgbyp = 1

Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Programming Guide

4. REFERENCES
1. RFMD company web site (http://www.rfmd.com) 2. RFMD Integrated Synthesizer and Mixer web site (http://rfmd.com/products/IntSynthMixer/) 3. Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Evaluation Boards and Programming Tool (http://www.rfmd.com/CS/Documents/IntegratedSyntMixerEvalBoardandGUIUserGuide.pdf) 4. Integrated Synthesizer/Mixer Register Map and Programming Guide (http://www.rfmd.com/CS/Documents/IntegratedSynthMixerRegMapProgrammingGuide.pdf)