Chap 5
Theory of Stirling Engines
Content
Introduction Stirling Engines in History Modern Stirling Engines Industrial Projects Potential Technologies Concluding Remarks
Introduction
Reverend Dr. Robert Stirling (1790-1878)
Introduction
Qin
Qout
Introduction
Introduction
Source: www.keveney.com
Introduction
Classification of Stirling Engines
configurationThis type of configuration features two pistons, each in its own cylinder. configurationThis type of configuration has a piston and a displacer in the same cylinder. configurationThis type of configuration has a piston and a displacer, each in its own cylinder.
Introduction
configuration: two pistons, each in its own cylinder
Source: www.keveney.com
Introduction
configuration: a piston and a displacer in the same cylinder
Source: www.keveney.com
Introduction
configuration: a piston and a displacer, each in its own cylinder.
Source: www.grc.nasa.gov
Introduction
type (1)
Introduction
type (2)
Introduction
type (3)
type (4)
Introduction
type (5)
Introduction
T-swing arm
type (6)
Introduction
Free-Piston Stirling Engines
type
Source: www.grc.nasa.gov
Introduction
Advantages of Stirling Machines
High thermal efficiency A variety of external heat sources Low in emissions Quiet
Introduction
Source: Y.A. Cengel & M.A. Boles, Thermodynamics-An Engineering Approach, 4th Ed.
Stirling Engines in History
Hot-Air Engine (Robert Stirling, 1816)
Stirling Engines in History
Ericsson and His Pumping Engines (5-, 6-, 8-, and 10-inch, during 1870-1905)
Stirling Engines in History
Stirling Engines in History
The Ericsson (2200 ton, 4 hot-air engines, 14 ft piston diameter)
Stirling Engines in History
Rider Water-Pumping Engine (A.K. Rider, 1876)
Stirling Engines in History
Stirling Engines in History
Stirling Fan (Lake Breeze Motor, 1918)
Stirling Engines in History
Philips Stirling Engine (1950-) with Rhombic Drive
Stirling Engines in History
Rhombic Drive
Source: www.stirlingsouth.com
Stirling Engines in History
V-2 Stirling Engine (Stirling Power System Co., 1981)
Spirit of American Motors Corp., 1979
Stirling Engines in History
Modern Stirling Engines
Whisper Tech Ltd.
<www.whispertech.co.nz>
The DC(AC) WhisperGen 750W
Modern Stirling Engines
Tamin Enterprises
<www.tamin.com>
CAM001 Four-cylinder cam-drive
TESE002 Single-cylinder rhombic-drive
Modern Stirling Engines
Stirling Technology Company <www.stirlingtech.com>
MODEL Electrical Output RG-55 60-80 W RG-350 350 W RG-450 RG-1000 RG-3000 3000 W
450W@50Hz 550W@60Hz
30%
1000W@50Hz 1250W@60Hz
23%
System Efficiency Duty Cycle Minimum Lifetime Dimensions
29%
23%
39% Continuo us
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
50,000 hr
13.8 in. x 5 in. dia 3.5 kg None
50,000 hr
23 in. x 8 in. dia 80 lbs. None
50,000 hr
24 in. x 7.5 in. dia 100 lbs. None
50,000 hr
28 in. x 9 in. dia 130 lbs. None
50,000 hr
34 in. x 10in. dia 160 lbs. None
Weight Maintenance
Modern Stirling Engines
Stirling Technology Company <www.stirlingtech.com>
RG55 RG1000
RG350 RG450 RG3000
Modern Stirling Engines
Sunpower, Inc.
<www.sunpower.com>
M87 cryocooler mass 2.7 kg length 280 mm diameter 83 mm
Model B-10B Beale Free-Piston 1 W height 250 mm base diameter 100 mm cylinder diameter 60 mm
Modern Stirling Engines
Miniature Engines (PEACE Lab., NCKU)
Modern Stirling Engines
Miniature Engines
Design Phase: Two-dimensional Drawing
Modern Stirling Engines
Miniature Engines
Design Phase: Three-dimensional Drawing
Modern Stirling Engines
Miniature Engines
Analysis Phase: Mesh and Finite Element Analysis
Modern Stirling Engines
Miniature Engines (PEACE Lab., NCKU)
Industrial Projects
Miniature Engines (PEACE Lab., NCKU)
Modern Stirling Engines
Miniature Engines (PEACE Lab., NCKU)
Industrial Projects
(1) Low-Temperature-Differential Stirling Engine (Logic System Technology Co. )
Industrial Projects
(2) Electronic Cooler (POLO Technology Co.)
Industrial Projects
(3) Stirling Fan- Heat-Driven Water Heater Ventilation
Industrial Projects
(4) 300-W Stirling Power Generator
Industrial Projects
(5) Magnetic-Enforced Stirling Engine
Potential Technologies
Potential Technologies
Solar Thermal Dish/Stirling Power Systems Hybrid Stirling/Electric Cars Micro-Stirling Engines Energy Saving Units/Waste Heat Regenertion Auto-Start Electronic Cooling Devices Free-Piston Stirling Coolers (FPSC) Hydrogen Stirling Engines
Potential Technologies
Solar Thermal Dish/Stirling Power Systems
Source: Sandia National Laboratories
Potential Technologies
Hybrid Stirling/Electric Car
Norway's Think. High-power lithium-ion batteries Stirling engine AC motor Source: CNN money.com July 31, 2007.
Potential Technologies
Free-Piston Stirling Cooler (FPSC)
Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone layer (CFCHCFCs Halon) Kyoto Protocol on greenhouse gases (O2 PFCsHFCs and SF6) (GWP)
Source: www.globalcooling.nl
Concluding Remarks
Summary
Power
Hydro, Fossil fuels, Solar, Electrochemical, Oceanic, Nuclear, Wind, Geothermal, etc.
Lighting Energy Conversion Units Refrigeration Magnetism
New Challenges = New Opportunities
