Module 1 Traffic Laws

Last mile of trip across Texas on I-10. J. Griffis Smith/TxDOT 10/6/2003

Acknowledgements
Special thanks go to the Texas Department of Public Safety, Texas Department of Transportation, Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission, Texas Transportation Institute (www.looklearnlive.org), Texas Department of State Health Services, Texas Department of Insurance, Texas Department of Motor Vehicles, Montana Office of Public Instruction, Virginia Department of Education, AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety for use of their photo library, and Fred Mottola, National Institute for Driver Behavior (Zone Control Principles, including targeting, visual lead, and reference points). The information provided herein is accurate and current pursuant to the Program of Organized Instruction for Driver Education and Traffic Safety adopted by rule on February 2009.

Prior to starting the Parent Taught Driver Education Model Program Course 101, you must receive your students Parent Taught Packet from the Texas Department of Public Safety. To receive the packet, the parent must submit the application (DL92 Request For a Parent Taught Packet). Each student should be registered separately with the Texas Department of Public Safety for the Parent Taught Driver Education Program. You can locate the application on the following web site: http://www.txdps.state.tx.us/internetforms/Forms/DL-92.pdf

Copyright Notice The materials are copyrighted and trademarked as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of TEA, except under the following conditions: 1. Texas public school districts, charter schools, licensed driver education schools, Department of Public Safetys Parent Taught Program instructors, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts and schools educational use without obtaining permission from TEA. 2. Residents of the state of Texas may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for individual personal use only without obtaining written permission of TEA. However, prior to starting the Parent Taught Driver Education Model Program Course 101, you must receive your students Parent Taught Packet from the Texas Department of Public Safety. To receive the packet, the parent must submit the application (DL92 Request For a Parent Taught Packet). Each student should be registered separately with the Texas Department of Public Safety for the Parent Taught Driver Education Program. 3. Any portion reproduced must be reproduced in its entirety and remain unedited, unaltered and unchanged in any way. 4. No monetary charge can be made for the reproduced materials or any document containing them; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged. Private entities or persons located in Texas that are not Texas public school districts, Texas Education Service Centers, Department of Public Safetys Parent Taught Program instructors or Texas charter schools or any entity, whether public or private, educational or non-educational, located outside the state of Texas MUST obtain written approval from TEA and will be required to enter into a license agreement that may involve the payment of a licensing fee or a royalty. For information contact: Office of Intellectual Property, Texas Education Agency, 1701 N. Congress Ave., Austin, TX 78701-1494; phone 512-463-9270 or 512-463-9713; email: [email protected].

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Module 1 : Traffic Laws (Minimum 6 Hours) TABLE OF CONTENTS Instructional Objectives . 4

Introduction ..

Your License to Drive .

Right of Way Concepts

.. 38

Traffic Control Devices . 48

Controlling Traffic Flow .... 77

Alcohol and Other Drugs . 99

Cooperating with Other Users 106

Driving Plan . 123

Classroom Progress Assessment . 124

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Instructional Objectives (Minimum 6 hours) The student legally and responsibly performs Traffic Laws reduced-risk driving practices in the Highway Transportation System (HTS) by accepting driving as a privilege with responsibilities, obligations, and potential consequences; and applying knowledge and understanding of Texas traffic laws including traffic control devices and right-of-way laws.
Introduction. The student recognizes the value of legal and responsible reduced-risk driving practices in the Highway Transportation System and accepts driving as a privilege with responsibilities, obligations, and potential consequences. Your License to Drive. The student reduces risk and accepts driving as a privilege by legally and responsibly possessing a driver license, registering and having a current inspection on a motor vehicle, and obeying the Safety Responsibility Act. Right of Way Concepts. The student reduces risk by legally and responsibly accepting or yielding the right-of-way. Traffic Control Devices. The student reduces risk by legally and responsibly applying knowledge and understanding of traffic control devices. Controlling Traffic Flow. The student reduces risk by legally and responsibly applying knowledge and understanding of laws and procedures for controlling traffic flow. Alcohol and Other Drugs. The student legally and responsibly performs reduced-risk driving practices in the Highway Transportation System by adopting zero-tolerance driving and lifestyle practices related to the use of alcohol and other drugs; and applying knowledge and understanding of alcohol and other drug laws, regulations, penalties, and consequences. Cooperating with Other Users. The student reduces risk by legally and responsibly cooperating with law enforcement and other roadway users including vulnerable roadway users in the Highway Transportation System (HTS) in emergency and potential emergency situations. Driving Plan. The student formulates a Driving Plan to endorse and promote lifelong legal and responsible reduced-risk driving practices in the Highway Transportation System (HTS). Classroom Progress Assessment. The student reduces risk by legally and responsibly completing a Progress Assessment to evaluate classroom knowledge and understanding and measure progress (mastery equals 70% or above).
Block Program: After a minimum of the 32 hours of classroom instruction (Modules 1 through 12) and mastery (70% grade), the student is eligible to apply to the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) for an Learner license. After obtaining the permit the student will complete the 7 hours behind-thewheel, 7 hours in-car observation, and 20 additional hours of behind-the wheel instruction. Concurrent Program: After a minimum of six clock hours of classroom instruction and mastery (70% grade) of Module 1, the student is eligible to apply to the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) for an Learner license. After obtaining the permit the student will complete the other 26 clock hours of classroom instruction and the 7 hours behind-the-wheel, 7 hours in-car observation, and 20 additional hours of behind-the wheel instruction.

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Introduction
Predicting, analyzing and minimizing risk factors and employing a space management system; Identifying and analyzing driving environments and minimizing environmental risk; Limiting and managing distractions and multi-task performances; Adopting zero-tolerance practices related to the use of alcohol and other drugs by applying knowledge and understanding of alcohol and other drug laws, regulations, penalties, and consequences to licensing, driving, and lifestyles; Managing adverse conditions resulting from weather, reduced-visibility, traction loss, and emergencies; Assessing and managing vehicle malfunctions, performing preventative maintenance, and planning trips; Attending to the vehicle requirements by making wise consumer decisions regarding vehicle use and ownership, vehicle insurance, environmental protection and litter prevention, and anatomical gifts; and Utilizing the knowledge, skills, and experiences of the Driver Education and Traffic Safety Program, obtaining and using a driver license, and continuing the lifelong learning process of reduced-risk driving practices.

The Texas Driver Education and Traffic Safety Program provides a novice driver the foundation of knowledge, understanding, skills, and experiences necessary for the novice driver and the parent, guardian, or adult mentor to continue the life-long learning process of reduced-risk driving in the Highway Transportation System.

In Texas, the Driver Education and Traffic Safety Program provides novice drivers the foundation of knowledge, understanding, skills, and experiences. These are necessary for the novice driver and parent, guardian, or adult mentor to launch and continue the lifelong learning process of legal and responsible reduced-risk driving practices in the Highway Transportation System. Mastery of the Driver Education and Traffic Safety Program requires the student legally and responsibly to perform reducedrisk driving practices in the Highway Transportation System (HTS) by: Accepting driving as a privilege with responsibilities, obligations, and potential consequences; Applying knowledge and understanding of Texas traffic laws including traffic control devices and right-of-way laws; Employing pre-drive tasks, utilizing and requiring passengers to utilize occupant protection and restraint systems, utilizing vehicle symbols and devices, employing starting tasks, performing vehicle operation and control tasks, employing post-drive tasks, utilizing baseline and progress assessment tools to evaluate and improve behind-the-wheel skill level, formulating a Driving Plan, and utilizing a classroom progress assessment; Sustaining visual attention, mental attention, and communication, utilizing reference points, managing vehicle balance, and executing vehicle maneuvers; Employing legal and responsible driving practices and limiting and managing fatigue and aggressive driving;

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Introduction

Novice versus experienced driver.

Novice Driver A person with limited or no exposure to operating the motor vehicle. A person with vehicle operating experience, but limited experience with the motor vehicle. A driver with less than one year experience in operating the motor vehicle.

Novice Drivers Crashes Differ www.nhtsa.gov Young drivers have the highest crash risk of any age group. Per mile traveled, they have the highest involvement rates in crashes (from crashes involving property damage only to those that are fatal). The problem is worst among 16-year-olds, who have the most limited driving experience and an immaturity that often results in risk-taking behind the wheel. The characteristics of 16-year-olds behaviors in fatal crashes may shed light on the problem: Driver error: Compared with crashes of older drivers, those of 16-year-olds more often involve driver error. Speeding: 16-year-old drivers have a higher rate of crashes in which excessive speed is a factor.

Single-vehicle crashes: More of 16-yearolds fatal crashes involve only the teens vehicle. Typically these are high-speed crashes in which the driver lost control. Passengers: 16 year-olds fatal crashes are more likely to occur when other teenagers are in the car. The risk increases with every additional passenger. Alcohol: Although this is a problem among drivers of all ages, its actually less of a problem for 16-year-olds. Typically, less than 15 percent of fatally injured 16-yearold drivers have blood alcohol concentrations of .08 grams per deciliter or greater. However, alcohol quickly becomes a problem in the later teen years. Night driving: This is a high-risk activity for beginners. Per mile driven, the nighttime fatal crash rate for 16-year-olds is about twice as high as during the day. Low belt use: Teenagers generally are less likely than adults to use safety belts.

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Introduction
Basic knowledge of traffic laws provides a driver the foundation to formulate informed, legal, and responsible decisions to reduce risk. Participating in the Highway Transportation System (HTS) is a privilege with risk, responsibilities, obligations, and potential consequences requiring the knowledge, understanding, and application of legal and responsible reduced-risk driving practices. Formulate and sustain a Driving Plan that provides novice drivers the foundation of knowledge, understanding, skills, and experiences necessary for the novice driver and parent, guardian, or adult mentor to launch and continue the life-long learning process of legal and responsible reduced-risk driving practices in the HTS .

Basic knowledge of traffic laws provides a driver the foundation to formulate informed, legal, and responsible decisions to reduce risk. Each young driver must formulate and sustain a Driving Plan that includes knowledge, understanding, skills, and experiences necessary for the novice driver and parent, guardian, or adult mentor to launch and continue the life-long learning process of legal and responsible reduced-risk driving practices in the HTS. Motor vehicle crashes remain the number one killer of younger drivers ages 15 to 20 years old according to research by the U.S. Department of Transportations National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Young drivers need to understand the value to themselves and others of driving legally and responsibly using reduced-risk driving practices in the Highway Transportation System (HTS) as this keeps everyone as safe as possible. A driver license offers young people mobility and freedom; however, the young person must realize and accept driving as a privilege with responsibilities, obligations, and potential consequences.

Responsibilities and obligations include obeying traffic laws, cooperating with other roadway users, using reduced risk driving practices, being prepared to drive (mentally, physically, and emotionally) and driving safely in all driving conditions. Potential Consequences may include loss of personal or work time; loss of driving privilege; loss of money (traffic fines, lawyer fees, etc.); loss of license up to property damage, injury or loss of life.

Young drivers can reduce risk by recognizing the value of legal and responsible reduced-risk driving practices in the HTS and accepting driving as a privilege with responsibilities, obligations, and potential consequences.

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Your License to Drive

The process, responsibility, and obligation of obtaining, possessing, and renewing a Texas driver license including the learner license. As a young driver, you will be facing the challenges of a constantly changing driving environment and the responsibilities that come with this new freedom. You must understand the process of possessing a driver license, registering a vehicle, and having a current inspection on a motor vehicle, and obeying the Safety Responsibility Act. Who is eligible? The Texas Department of Public Safety may not issue any license to a person who: 1. Is under 15 years of age 2. Is under 18 years of age unless the person complies with the requirements imposed by Section 521.204 3. Is shown to be addicted to the use of alcohol, a controlled substance, or another drug that renders a person incapable of driving 4. Holds a driver's license issued by this state or another state or country that is revoked, canceled, or under suspension 5. Has been determined by a judgment of a court to be totally incapacitated or incapacitated to act as the operator of a motor vehicle

DRIVER LICENSE DIVISION TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY P. O. Box 4087 AUSTIN, TX 78773-0300

www.txdps.state.tx.us

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Your License to Drive Who May Operate a Motor Vehicle in Texas

1. Residents who have a valid Texas driver license. 2. The driver of an official motor vehicle in the service of the United States or state military servicewithout a valid Texas driver license, unless the vehicle is a Commercial Motor Vehicle as defined in Section 522.003 (5), Texas Commercial Driver License Act (Texas Transportation Code). 3. Any person while driving or operating any road machine, farm tractor, or implement of husbandry temporarily operated or moved on a highway is exempt from licensure, unless the vehicle is a Commercial Motor Vehicle as defined in Section 522.003(5), Texas Commercial Driver License Act (Texas Transportation Code). 4. A nonresident (at least 16 years of age) who has in his/her possession a valid driver license issued to his/her in his/her home state may operate a vehicle which is permitted to be operated with a Class C or Class M driver license in Texas. 5. Nonresidents (at least 18 years of age) may drive any vehicle in Texas if they are legally licensed to drive such a vehicle in his/her home state or country, and his/her home state or country grants like recognition to citizens of Texas. 6. The validity of any Texas driver license held by any person who enters or is in the United States Armed Forces shall continue in full force and effect so long as the service continues and the person remains absent from this State, and for not to exceed 90 days following the day on which the licensee is honorably separated from the service or returns to this state, unless the license is suspended, cancelled, or revoked. 7. A nonresident on active duty in the Armed Forces of the United States who has a valid license issued by his/her home state and such nonresidents spouse or dependent son or daughter who has a valid license issued by such persons home state. 8. Any person on active duty in the Armed Forces of the United States who has in his/ her possession a valid license issued in a foreign country by the Armed Forces may operate a motor vehicle in this state for a period of time not to exceed 90 days from the date of his/her return to the United States. 9. New residents who are properly licensed have 90 days after entry into the state to secure a Texas driver license.

SPECIAL NOTE: A person may not receive a Texas driver license until they surrender to the Department all valid driver licenses in his/her possession issued to his/her by this or any other state.

Buzzed Driving is Drunk Driving

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Your License to Drive Types of Texas Licenses

Learner License: This is a permit issued with a photograph for the purpose of permitting a student driver to legally practice when accompanied by a licensed driver who is at least 21 years of age and has had at least one year driving experience and who is occupying the seat beside the driver. Minimum Age: 15 with driver education. Fee: $16.00 Expiration: Issued until the applicants 18th birth date. Warning to be legal, the licensed driver accompanying you must not have a suspended license or be under the influence of alcohol or drugs. The licensed driver must be alert and able to assist you at all times and be legally permitted to drive. When applying for an learner license a person under age 18 must show proof of: Driver education Verification of current enrollment and attendance in school (or high school graduation or GED) Social security number Identification Insurance (if young driver owns a vehicle) Money to pay for license (Amount may vary.) Learners Permit Driver

Legally Licensed Adult

SPECIAL NOTE: Licensees under 21 years old will have Under 21 printed on his/her license.

Texas Law 521.204. RESTRICTIONS ON MINOR. (a) The department may issue a Class C driver's license
to an applicant under 18 years of age only if the applicant: (1) is 16 years of age or older; (2) has submitted to the department a driver education certificate issued under that states that the person has completed and passed a driver education course approved by the department under Section 521.205 or by the Texas Education Agency; (3) has obtained a high school diploma or its equivalent or is a student: (A) enrolled in a public school, home school, or private school who attended school for at least 80 days in the fall or spring semester preceding the date of the driver's license application; or (B) who has been enrolled for at least 45 days, and is enrolled as of the date of the application, in a program to prepare persons to pass the high school equivalency exam; (4) has submitted to the department written parental or guardian permission for the department to access the applicant's school enrollment records maintained by the Texas Education Agency; and (5) has passed the examination required by Section 521.161. (b) The department may not issue a Class A, B, or C driver's license other than a hardship license to an applicant under 18 years of age unless the applicant has held an instruction permit or hardship license for at least six months preceding the date of the application.

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Your License to Drive Texas Graduated Driver License Program (GDL)

The Texas Graduated Driver License (GDL) Program was implemented January 1, 2002. Phase One: Applicants under age 18 must hold an learner license or hardship license for a minimum of six months prior to issuance of a provisional Class A, B, or C driver license. Under the GDL program, there is no minimum time that a person must hold a restricted motorcycle or moped license before they can apply for a Class M license. Phase one does not apply to Class M or hardship license holders. The learner license must remain valid during the mandatory six-month period to meet this regulation. Phase Two: Phase Two restricts the driving privileges of persons under 18 years of age during the twelve-month period following the issuance of an original Class A, B, or C driver license (Provisional License). These persons may not operate a motor vehicle: With more than one passenger in the vehicle under the age of 21 who is not a family member. Between midnight and 5:00 a.m. unless the operation of the vehicle is necessary for the operator to attend or participate in employment or a school-related activity or because of a medical emergency. The license restriction will state, TRC 545.424 applies until mm/dd/yy. Applicants 15 years of age presenting an out-of-state learner license will be issued a Texas learner license which must be held for six months from the date of issuance before becoming eligible for Phase Two. Applicants at least 16 years of age and less than 18 years old who present a valid out-ofstate learner license or out-of-state driver license will be issued a Phase Two provisional GDL with passenger and time restrictions for the first twelve months of operation of a motor vehicle in Texas. Special Note Concerning Minors: If you are under 18 years of age, your application must be signed under oath by the parent having custody, otherwise the guardian having custody. If the minor has no guardian, the employer or county judge of his/her residence may sign. The person who signs, before your 18th birthday, may ask the Department to cancel your license. This request must be in writing and sworn to before an officer authorized to administer oaths. In addition, the minor applicant and cosigner must sign a Zero Tolerance notification document that explains the ZERO TOLERANCE LAW that is applicable to a person under the age of 21. Who May Sign: Parent having custody; otherwise legal guardian, employer, or county judge. The Texas Education Agency has developed an attendance certification form that you must obtain from your respective school. Have the school officials complete and sign it, and then present it to the Driver License personnel when you are applying for or renewing your driver license. SPECIAL NOTE: Verification of Enrollment and Attendance Form (VOE). http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/safedriver/voe04.html If you are under 18 years of age you must prove when you apply for your first Texas driver license or learner license and again each time your license is renewed until your 18th birthday that you: 1. Have obtained a high school diploma or its equivalent; or 2. Are a student enrolled in a public or private school who attended school for at least 80 days (90%) in the fall or spring semester preceding the date of application; or 3. Have been enrolled for at least 45 days, and are currently enrolled in a program to prepare persons to pass the high school equivalency exam. During the school year the certificate issued by the school may not be dated more than 30 days before the date of application. During the summer the certificate may not be dated more than 90 days before the date of application.

Young drivers under the age of 18 MAY NOT use a wireless communication device while driving.

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Your License to Drive Types of Texas Licenses

Driver license types, restrictions, endorsements, and special information. a. A single unit vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of 26,001 pounds or more, and any such vehicle towing either a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating that does not exceed 10,000 pounds, or a farm trailer with a gross vehicle weight rating that does not exceed 20,000 pounds; b. A bus with a seating capacity of 24 passengers or more, including the driver; and c. A vehicle included in Class C. Minimum Ages: 18, or 17 with completion of an approved driver education course including classroom and practical training or approval of a minors hardship application. Fee: $25.00 for 6 years. $9.00 expiration second birthday after application. Class C driver license permits a person to drive the following vehicles, except a motorcycle or moped: a. A single unit vehicle, or combination of vehicles, that is not a Class A or B; and b. A single unit vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 26,001 pounds, towing a trailer not to exceed 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating or a farm trailer with a gross vehicle weight rating that does not exceed 20,000 pounds. Minimum Ages: 18, or 16 with completion of an approved course of driver education including classroom and practical training, or 15 with approval of minors hardship application. Fee: $25.00 for 6 years. $9.00 expiration second birthday after application.

Learner License. Minimum age: 15 years with driver education. Costs $16.00 and expires on 18th birthday. Provisional License. All original licenses, other than an Learner license, issued to persons under 18 years of age will be marked PROVISIONAL. The license will expire on the applicants 18th birth date. A minimum fee of $16.00 is required. Classified Driver License. (Texas Transportation Code, Section 521) The following listed Class A, B, C, and M licenses will be issued to persons who are exempt from obtaining a Commercial Driver License or persons who are not required to obtain a Commercial Driver License. Non-commercial driver licenses issued to persons age 18 or over will be valid for six years and cost $25.00. Class A driver license permits a person to drive any vehicle or combination of vehicles with a gross combination weight rating of 26,001 pounds or more, provided the gross vehicle weight rating of the vehicle (s) being towed is in excess of 10,000 pounds; including a vehicle included in Class B or Class C, except a motorcycle or moped. Minimum Ages: 18, or 17 with completion of an approved driver education course including classroom and practical training or approval of minors hardship application. Fee: $25.00 for 6 years. $9.00 expiration second birthday after application.

Class B driver license permits a person to drive the following vehicles, except a motorcycle or moped: 1 12

Your License to Drive Class M Motorcycle License

Class M driver license permits a person to drive a motorcycle or moped. Minimum Ages: a. Motorcycle18, or 16 with completion of an approved course of driver education (32 hours classroom and the 16-hour Department approved Basic Motorcycle Operator Training Course) b. Moped15 years of age Motor-driven cycle of 250 cc (cubic centimeter) or less a. Fifteen (15) with Department approval for minors hardship license b. Fifteen (15) with completion of an approved course of driver education (32 hours classroom and the 16-hour Departmentapproved Basic Motorcycle Operator Training Course) Fee: $25.00 for 6 years. Applicants under the age of 18 are charged $8.00 for a license to expire on the next birthday. A motorcycle endorsement added to a current license requires a $15.00 examination fee. An additional fee of $8.00 will be required when renewing a Class M license.

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Your License to Drive Commercial Driver License (CDL)

The holder of a valid Commercial Driver License may drive all vehicles in the class for which that license is issued, and all lesser classes of vehicles except motorcycles and mopeds. Vehicles that require an endorsement may not be driven unless the proper endorsement appears on the license. Authorization to operate motorcycles must be shown on the Commercial Driver License. Class A Commercial Driver License permits a person to drive any combination of vehicles with a gross combination weight rating of 26,001 pounds or more, provided the gross vehicle weight rating of the vehicle or vehicles being towed exceeds 10,000 pounds. Minimum Ages: 21 (interstate commerce driving) or 18 (intrastate driving). Fee: Resident$61.00 for 5 years. $26.00 expiration after 2nd birthday. Non-Resident$121.00 Temporary non-resident$21.00 expires on the earlier of the 60th day after license issued, visa expires, or I94 form expires. Class B Commercial Driver License permits a person to drive any single unit vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of 26,001 pounds or more, any one of those vehicles towing a vehicle that does not exceed 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating, and any vehicle designed to transport 24 passengers or more, including the driver. Minimum Ages: 21 (interstate commerce driving) or 18 (intrastate driving). Fee: Resident$61.00 for 5 years. $26.00 expiration after 2nd birthday. Non-Resident$121.00 Temporary non-resident$21.00 expires on the earlier of the 60th day after license issued, visa expires, or I94 form expires. Class C Commercial Driver License permits a person to drive any single vehicle, or combination of vehicles, that is not a Class A or B if either vehicle is: a. designed to transport 16 to 23 passengers, including the driver; or b. used in the transportation of hazardous materials that require the vehicle to be placarded under 49 C.F.R., Part 172, Subpart F. Minimum Ages: 21 (interstate commerce driving) or 18 (intrastate driving). Fee: Resident$61.00 for 5 years. $26.00 expiration after 2nd birthday. Non-Resident$121.00 Temporary non-resident$21.00 expires on the earlier of the 60th day after license issued, visa expires, or I94 form expires. CDL ENDORSEMENTS: The Department may issue Commercial Driver Licenses with the following endorsements: H Authorizes the transportation of hazardous materials; N Authorizes the operation of a vehicle with a tank; P Authorizes the operation of a vehicle carrying passengers; S Authorizes the operation of a school bus; T Authorizes the towing of two or three trailers over a specified weight; X Authorizes operation of a combination of H and N SPECIAL NOTE: On or after April 1, 1992, a person may not drive a commercial motor vehicle unless the person has in his/her immediate possession a valid Commercial Driver License (CDL) appropriate for the class of vehicle being driven.

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Your License to Drive Commercial Driver License (CDL)

Exemptions: Persons operating the following vehicles are exempt from a Commercial Driver License (CDL): 1. A vehicle that is: a. Controlled and operated by a farmer; b. Used to transport agricultural products, farm machinery, or farm supplies to or from a farm; c. Not used in the operations of a common or contract motor carrier; and d. Used within 150 miles of the persons farm. 2. A fire-fighting or emergency vehicle necessary to the preservation of life or property or the execution of emergency governmental functions, whether operated by an employee of a political subdivision or by a volunteer fire fighter; 3. A military vehicle, when operated for military purposes by military personnel, members of the Reserves and National Guard on active duty, including personnel on full-time National Guard duty, personnel on part-time training, and National Guard military technicians; 4. A recreational vehicle that is driven for personal use; 5. A vehicle that is owned, leased, or controlled by an air carrier, as defined by Section 21.155 of the Transportation Code, and that is driven or operated exclusively by an employee of the air carrier only on the premises of an airport, as defined by Section 22.001 of the Transportation Code, on service 6. A vehicle used exclusively to transport seed cotton modules or cotton burrs.

Farm-Related Service Industry (FRSI) Waiver: The Department may waive the Commercial Driver License (CDL) knowledge and skill tests required by Section 522.022 of the Transportation Code, and provide for the issuance of a restricted CDL to an employee of a farm-related service industry. Seasonal drivers of the following FRSI are authorized by federal regulation to obtain the FRSI waiver and be issued a restricted CDL: 1. Farm retail outlets and suppliers; 2. Agri-chemical businesses; 3. Custom harvesters includes cotton modular operators; and 4. Livestock feeders. FRSI CDLs shall be issued for Class B and Class C vehicles only (Class A vehicles are not included in the waiver). Texas regulations require that persons who apply for a FRSI CDL pass a 20 question examination over Class A-B rules and a Class B non-CDL skills test. Persons who drive commercial motor vehicles must obtain the appropriate Commercial Driver License (CDL) by meeting all of the requirements and testing required or by certifying that they fall within one of the exemptions to meet license requirements of Chapter 521 of the Transportation Code (Class A, B, C, M - nonCDL). If you need further information or if you are required to obtain a Commercial Driver License, please ask for a copy of the Texas Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers Handbook at your local Driver License Office.

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Your License to Drive Identification Card

Identification Card: The Department is authorized to issue a personal identification card with a photograph for those individuals who find it desirable. Identification cards bear a distinguishing number similar to a driver license and are maintained in the driver records file. Applicants must provide documents to meet ID policy. Fee: $16.00, except for persons age 60 or older the fee is $6.00. SPECIAL NOTE: Identification cards issued to anyone under 21 years of age will have Under 21 printed on the card. ID cards will display in a vertical format. Expiration: On birth date six years from year issued, except that identification cards issued to a person age 60 or older do not expire. SPECIAL NOTE: All applicants for a driver license or an identification certificate are required by state laws (Section 521.142 and 521.101 of the Transportation Code; Senate Bill 1252 as passed by the 74th Texas Legislature) to submit his/her thumbprints to the Department. The purpose of requiring thumbprints is to assist the Department of Public Safety in determining the proper identity of a person who is applying for a driver license or identification certificate.

Interchange at Interstate 35 and U.S. Highway 290. Taken for Bridge Division to illustrate the unique bearings. Stan A. Williams/ TxDOT 7/6/2005

Bridge across Lake Cypress Springs. Stan A. Williams/TxDOT 5/4/2005

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Your License to Drive How to obtain your Texas license

Application. You can obtain the application form and fill it out at your nearest Driver License office. You can find the office nearest you by visiting the Department of Public Safety website at www.txdps.state.tx.us. Your application must be made in person. Residence address and mailing address Provide answers to medical status and history questions listed on application form. Persons with certain medical limitations may have their cases reviewed by the Texas Medical Advisory Board for Driver Licensing before the license may be issued Surrender of valid out-of-state driver licenses Current county of residence and U.S. citizenship status Registration for Selective Service (if applicable)

Documentation. You must furnish the following to the Department of Public Safety to obtain your license: Your full name Identification documents (list of acceptable documents on page 15 or visit DPS website at www.txdps.state.tx.us), every original applicant must present: One piece of primary identification; or One piece of secondary identification plus two pieces of support identification; or Two pieces of secondary identification Physical description Social Security card or other acceptable proof of Social Security number Thumbprints (Texas Transportation Code Section 521.142(b)(1)

SPECIAL NOTE: All applicants for a Texas driver license are required by state laws (to present evidence (Social Security card or other acceptable documentation) of the persons social security number. The purpose of requiring a person to provide proof of his/ her social security number is to assist the Department in determining the proper identity of each license holder. Federal issued Social Security card, health card, pilots license, military identification (active and reserve duty personnel only, not acceptable for dependents), peace officers license, DD-214, Medicare-Medicaid card, certified college/ university transcript, Veterans Administration card.

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Your License to Drive How to obtain your Texas licenseDocumentation

Primary Identification includes the following: Texas driver license (DL) or identification certificate (ID) with photo within two-years of expiration date Unexpired United States passport United States Citizenship Certificate or Certificate of Naturalization with identifiable photo (N-560, N-561, N-645, N-550, N-55G, N-570 or N-578) Unexpired Dept. of Homeland Security (DHS) or US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services document issued for a period of at least one year and must be valid for no less than six (6) months from the date presented to the department with a completed application. The document must contain verifiable data and identifiable photo, specifically: US Citizen Identification Card (I-179 or I-197) Resident Alien Card (I-551) Temporary Resident Identification Card (I-688) Employment Authorization Card (I688A, I-688B or I-766) A Foreign Passport with a visa (valid or expired) and: Form I-94 with status code F1, F2, M1, or M2, an unexpired Form I-20, and evidence of current enrollment at the educational institution listed on Form I-20 or sponsorship in a visiting worker program or Form I-94 with status code J-1 or J2 and an unexpired Form IAP-66 or Form DS-2019 or Unexpired Form I-94 with a defined expiration date. Form I-94 must have been issued for a period of at least one year and have at least six months validity remaining Unexpired United States military ID card for active duty, reserve or retired personnel with identifiable photo. Secondary Identification includes: Original or certified copy of a birth certificate issued by the appropriate State Bureau of Vital Statistics or equivalent agency. (U.S. Territory or the District of Columbia or Canadian province). Original or certified copy of United States Department of State Certification of Birth (issued to United States citizens born abroad) (Form FS-240. DS-1350, or FS545) Original or certified copy of court order with name and date of birth (DOB) indicating an official change of name and/or gender from a US state, US Territory or the District of Columbia or Canadian province Supporting Identification may include but is not limited to: School records Insurance policy (valid continuously for the past two years) Vehicle title Military records (Form DD 214) Unexpired military dependant identification card (actual card) Original or certified copy of marriage license or divorce decree Voter registration card (actual card) Social Security card (actual card) Pilot's license (actual card) Concealed handgun license (actual card) Temporary receipt for a Texas Driver License or identification certificate (actual receipt) Unexpired photo DL or photo ID issued by a US state, US territory, the District of Columbia, or Canadian province (actual card) Expired DL or ID issued by another US state, US territory, the District of Columbia or Canadian province that is within two years of the expiration date (actual card) A consular document issued by a state or national government (actual document) Texas Inmate ID card issued by TDCJ Identity and lawful presence requirements are subject to change. Please visit the Department of Public Safety Website for the most current and complete information: www.txdps.state.tx.us 1 18

Your License to Drive Application and Examinations

An application for an original driver license must be accompanied by evidence of financial responsibility or a statement that the applicant does not own a motor vehicle. Financial responsibility is required under the Texas Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act. Evidence of financial responsibility presented must be in at least the minimum amount required by the Act, and must cover each motor vehicle that the applicant owns and for which the applicant is required to maintain financial responsibility. A new Texas resident must submit with the application evidence that each motor vehicle owned by the person is currently registered in Texas or indicate they do not own a motor vehicle that is required to be registered. All original applicants (first time applying for a license) for a Texas driver license must submit with the application for a license the required fee (license fee) before any examination may be given. The fee allows the applicant to take three examinations for each type of test required. If, after three examinations, an applicant has not passed, a new application and fee must be submitted before any additional exams may be taken. The required exams must be completed before 90 days. The application fee is valid for the location/schedule where the fee is paid. The Department shall provide to each person who applies in person at the Departments offices for an original, renewal or duplicate of a driver license or ID card, an opportunity to complete a voter registration application form. A complete record of your examination will be recorded on your application. Application and forwarded to the Department of Public Safetys headquarters where it becomes a part of your permanent driving record. Any convictions for moving traffic violations or crashes which occur will be recorded on this permanent record. This includes out-of-state records of convictions. Rules Test Three types of rules tests are given: Class Crules test for all original applicants Class Mmotorcycle road rules for motorcycle and moped applicants Class A or Brules for operators of Class A and Class B vehicles The answer to the questions on these tests can be found either in the Texas Driver Handbook or supplements. If you are taking a Class M or Class A or B test, the proper supplement should also be studied carefully. To pass you need a grade of 70% or better. An oral test (where the test is read to the individual) may be arranged when needed by contacting your local Department of Public Safety. Signs Test A set of written questions on the meaning of standard highway signs will be given. To prepare for this test study Chapter 5 in the Texas Driver Handbook called Traffic Signs. You need a grade of 70% or better to pass. An oral test (where the test is read to the individual) may be arranged when needed by contacting your local Department of Public Safety. Vision Test Your vision will be tested. You may be required to wear corrective lenses while driving if they will improve your vision and help to increase the safety of your driving.

Examinations The road signs, rules, and driving tests are not required for applicants who surrender a valid outof-state license. Applicants ages 15-18 are required to take a driving test. Applicants who complete the required Department -approved Basic Motorcycle Operator Training Course will not be required to take a driving test for a Class M (motorcycle) license provided the person already has a valid driver license. Also, the driving test is not required for applicants applying for an learner license.

SPECIAL NOTE: A minor (individual under 18 years of age) will be required to take and pass a driving test before an provisional license is issued.

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Your License to Drive Driving Test

Driving Test . The Driving Test is given only after all other tests have been passed and evidence of automobile liability insurance covering the vehicle is presented or the vehicle is exempt under the Act. The type of vehicle that must be used for the driving test depends on the class of license applied for. A $11.00 examination fee is required when changing from a lower to a higher class license or when adding each additional endorsement on a Commercial Driver License (CDL) or removing restrictions from a license. When adding a Class M to an existing license the fee is $15.00. (The vehicle must have a valid inspection certificate attached and must pass inspection by the Driver License trooper/ examiner before the driving test is given.) Description of the driving test itself 1. You will not be asked to do anything against the law. You must follow the troopers/ examiners instructions. Do not carry on a conversation during the driving test. 2. If you do not already have the legal privilege to drive in Texas, a licensed driver should drive your vehicle to the test area as well as away from it if you are not issued a permit to drive. 3. Your application will not be approved if you: Violate the law Refuse to follow instructions Drive dangerously Have a crash Have more than 30 points deducted on the driving test 4. The driving test will vary according to the type of license desired. You will be graded on four basic skillsControl, Observation, Position, and Signaling (COPS): CONTROLyour ability to make your car do what you want it to do, OBSERVATIONyour ability to see what other traffic is doing and other things that may create problems in traffic, POSITIONINGyour ability to drive in your lane. SIGNALINGyour ability to use turn signals as required. You may be graded on your performance of some of the following things, so these would be good to practice before taking the exam. Parallel parking Quick stopYou may be asked to stop your car as quickly as possible from about 20 miles per hour without skidding your tires. BackingBack your car for a distance of about fifty feet at a slow rate of speed and as straight and smoothly as possible. Turn your head and look back at all times while backing. Stop signs or traffic signals Use of clutch On standard transmissions, hold the clutch all the way down when starting the motor, shifting gears, and when speed drops below 10 miles per hour when stopping. Do not ride with your foot resting on the clutch. Intersection observanceUse proper lane. Slow down and look both ways before entering intersection. Turns Right-of-way Passing Proper lane observance Proper following distance PostureKeep both hands on steering wheel and do not rest your elbow on the window.

Driving Without a License Penalty 1st conviction - up to $200 fine

(Transportation Code, Section 521.457. Driving While License Invalid is a Class C misdemeanor unless it is shown at trial that the individual was previously convicted (Class B misdemeanor) or shown on the trial of the offense that at the time of the offense the person was operating the motor vehicle that caused or was at fault in a motor vehicle accident that resulted in serious bodily injury to or the death of another person (Class A misdemeanor). 1 20

Your License to Drive Driving Test

5. Upon completion of a driving test the trooper/examiner will tell you of your errors and how to correct them. You will be given a written record of your test. If you do not pass the test, you will be told what items to practice on to improve your driving skill and when to return for another examination. If you pass the test: a. Pay the required fee (unless fee was paid with original application): your picture will be taken, and you will be given a receipt which you may use as a temporary license for 60 days or until the Department mails your permanent license to you. If for any reason you do not receive your driver license in 60 days, contact your local Driver License office. b. Record the number of your original license for checking purposes in case you lose your license. c. Always carry your license with you when driving. You must show your license to the following people upon request: Any peace officer, sheriff, constable, judge, justice of the peace, or state trooper who may ask to see it Anyone with whom you are involved in an crash SPECIAL NOTE: The Department of Public Safety may deny the renewal of a driver license of a Texas licensee who fails to appear in court for traffic violations or certain other offenses within the jurisdiction of a justice or municipal court.

6.

7.

SPECIAL NOTE: All applicants for a driver license or an identification certificate are required by state laws (Section 521.142 and 521.101 of the Transportation Code; Senate Bill 1252 as passed by the 74th Texas Legislature) to submit his/her thumbprints to the Department. The purpose of requiring thumbprints is to assist the Department in determining the proper identity of a person who is applying for a driver license or identification certificate.

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Your License to Drive Restrictions That May be Placed on Your License

A reasonable restriction or endorsement may be placed on your driver license to improve the safety of your driving. This restriction or endorsement is not meant to interfere with your driving but to make you a better driver. Type of Restrictions. The following table explains the different restrictions or endorsements and the code letter (s) assigned. A With corrective lenses B LOFS age 21 or over C Daytime only D Not to exceed 45 MPH E No expressway driving I M/C not to exceed 250 cc J Licensed M/C Operator age 21 or over in sight K Moped L Vehicle w/o air brakes - applies to vehicles requiring CDL M CDL Intrastate Commerce only P Stated on license Q LOFS 21 or over vehicle above Class B R LOFS 21 or over vehicle above Class C S Outside mirror or hearing aid T Automatic transmission U Applicable prosthetic devices V Applicable vehicle devices W Power steering Endorsement Code H Hazardous materials - CDL only N Tank vehicle - CDL only P Passenger - CDL only S School Bus - CDL only T Double/triple trailer (CDL and non CDL)

Removing Restrictions or Adding Endorsements. Contact your local Driver License office for information concerning the removal or addition of any restrictions or endorsements from your driver license or learner license.

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Your License to Drive Duplicate License

Duplicate License You should apply for a duplicate license or ID certificate if your license or ID certificate has been lost, destroyed, or for any change in information. This can be done at your local Driver License office. If you have a change of address, a duplicate license or ID certificate may also be obtained online at www.txdps.state.tx.us. Change of name and address must be reported to the Driver License office within 30 days. A license expiring in less than 12 months or in less than 30 days for provisional license should be renewed rather than duplicated. The cost for a duplicate license or change of address is $11.00.

Out-of-state LicenseesIf you are out-of-state but maintaining a Texas license, you may apply online at www.txdps.state.tx.us, or by mail for a duplicate license (Exception: Commercial Driver License (CDL) cannot be issued online or by mail - you must apply in person). Use the Departments duplicate application form which can be obtained at any Driver License office and remit with a $11.00 fee to: License Issuance Bureau MSC 0310, Department of Public Safety, Box 15999, Austin, Texas 787615999.

In-state LicenseesA licensee changing the address on a Texas driver license or identification card may apply at any Driver License office, online at www.txdps.state.tx.us, or by mail using a Department-approved form (DL-64) to: Driver Records Bureau MSC 0360. Texas Department of Public Safety, PO Box 15999, Austin, Texas 78761-5999. Upon receipt of a $11.00 fee and proper notification, the Department will mail the applicant a new license with the correct address information and your previous photograph, if available. (Exception: Commercial Driver License (CDL) cannot be issued by internet, phone, or mail - you must apply in person.) You can obtain form DL-64 on our website at www.txdps.state.tx.us.

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Your License to Drive Renewing Your License

Renewing Your License. A renewal notice invitation may be mailed to you about 6 weeks before your license expires. The notice will be sent to the last address that you provided to the Department of Public Safety. Remember, if you do not receive this notice, it is still up to you to renew your license. Application for renewalApplication for renewal must be made in person at any Texas Driver License office, except licensees who have received an invitation from the Department of Public Safety to renew by an alternate means. Alternate types of renewals include: online at www.txdps.state.tx.us, by mail, or by phone at 1-866-DL-RENEW and may be made only in the method (s) advised by the invitation. Invitations to renew by an alternate method will not be extended to: Persons whose licenses are suspended, cancelled, revoked, or denied Commercial Driver License holders Holders of occupational or provisional licenses Licensees restricted because of driving ability or a medical condition that requires Periodic reviews of such indication, including any medical or physical condition that may result in progressive changes to a licensees ability to safely operate a motor vehicle Persons 79 years of age and older You will be asked to answer questions concerning your medical history. If you have certain medical limitations, your case will be referred to the Texas Medical Advisory Board for their opinion about how your condition may affect your driving. Persons returning to Texas from Military Service must present a Texas driver license and separation papers in order to obtain a renewal without a test, when his/her license has been expired over two years. An out-of-state Texas licensee may mail an application for renewal. (Exception: A Commercial Driver License (CDL) cannot be renewed by mail - you must renew a CDL in person.) The results of a vision check by an eye specialist or an authorized Driver License employee and the proper fee must be included. 1 24 The license will be renewed and will be valid to expiration date shown or until 45 days after return to Texas, whichever occurs first. The renewal fee of $25.00 (check or money order made payable to: Texas Department of Public Safety) must be enclosed with your application. Mail this application to:
LICENSE ISSUANCE BUREAU MSC 0310 TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY PO BOX 15999 AUSTIN TX 78761-5999

ALLERGIC REACTION TO DRUG All driver licenses will provide a space for the licensee to indicate any drug allergy a person may have.

Construction and congestion on U.S. Highway 77 in Brownsville. Kevin Stillman/ TxDOT 4/26/2006

Your License to Drive Special Information

Anatomical Gifts: Currently, when you apply for, renew or duplicate your DL/ID, you are asked if you would like to register with the Glenda Dawson Donate Life - Texas Registry. If you desire to register, Department of Public Safety (DPS) is responsible for collecting name, date of birth and driver license/identification number for electronic submission to the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS). DSHS utilizes this information to update the Glenda Dawson Donate Life - Texas Registry. The Glenda Dawson Donate Life Texas Registry is the official state organ, tissue and eye donor registry. If you register to be a donor when you apply for or renew your driver license or identification card at your local DPS office, you will receive a confirmation letter and donor card in the mail. No further action is required on your part. Your intention to be a donor is activated immediately after your information is entered into the Glenda Dawson Donate Life Texas Registry. The donors driver license, identification card, or both will be printed with a heart symbol designating them as a registered organ donor. Website: https://www.donatelifetexas.org/

Medical and Emergency Information: On the reverse side of the driver license, state law requires the Department to print the statement Directive to physician has been filed at telephone #and Emergency contact telephone #. The Department shall provide a surface on which the license holder may write an appropriate telephone number and a box to the left of the statement to indicate for what purpose the telephone number applies. State law also requires the Department to provide space on the reverse side of the Driver License to allow individuals to voluntarily list health conditions which may impede communication with a peace officer.

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Your License to Drive Vision

Vision. Most of the driving information we gather is received through our eyes. The ability to see clearly allows drivers to identify hazards and predict possible conflicts in time to manage driving risks. In helping to determine whether your vision is adequate, applicants applying for a Texas driver license must meet the following vision standards: The standards for two-eyed vision are as follows: Without corrective lenses, 20/40 or better each eye and both together: no visual restriction Without corrective lenses, worse than 20/40 with either eye or both together: refer to specialist With corrective lenses, 20/50 or better with best eye or both together; any score with other eye: restrict to corrective lenses Without corrective lenses, 20/50 or better with best eye or both together with specialist's statement that vision cannot be improved: no visual restriction With corrective lenses, 20/60 or 20/70 with best eye or both together; any score with other eye: restrict to corrective lenses, daytime only, 45 miles per hour speed limit, any other advisable restriction Without corrective lenses, 20/60 or 20/70 with best eye or both together with specialist's statement that vision cannot be improved: no visual restriction, daytime only, 45 miles per hour speed limit, any other advisable restriction With or without corrective lenses, worse than 20/70 with best eye or both together; no further improvement possible: fail The standards for one-eyed vision are as follows: Without corrective lenses, 20/25 or better in best eye: no visual restriction Without corrective lenses, worse than 20/25 in best eye: refer to specialist On all other case scores: use two-eyed vision standards For driver licensing purposes, an acuity score of worse than 20/200, with corrective lenses or specialist's statement that improvement of 20/200 or better is not possible: is considered blind. 1 26 New drivers will be given a vision screening to determine whether his/her vision is adequate for safe vehicle operation. When you do your vision screening, tell the licensed examiner if you need to wear glasses or contact lenses to pass the test. If you fail the vision screening you may be asked to see an eye care professional to determine whether you require glasses or contact lenses to drive safely. If glasses or contact lenses are required to pass the vision screening, you will be required to wear them whenever you drive. Color blindness is checked on all original applicants. Color Blindness is an inability to differentiate between certain colors. If you are color blind, you can still obtain a drivers license and must rely on interpreting signs and signals by his/her shapes and meanings. For example, you would identify a red traffic light by knowing it is either the top light on a vertical signal or the far left light on a horizontal signal.

Your License to Drive Restrictions

Hearing helps increase awareness when driving. Sounds alert drivers to situations surrounding them that they have not seen or are unable to see. Train whistles, horns, sirens, screeching tires for example are sounds that warn us of impending dangers and aid in detecting the direction the danger is coming from. Sounds can also help you detect impending engine breakdowns, or other vehicle maintenance that may be needed, or too much turning stress on the tires or loss of tire traction.

Driver License Restriction Drivers who are hearing impaired may request a hearing impaired indicator on his/her drivers license in order to identify his/her disability to law enforcement personnel. A hearing impaired restriction may be placed on the drivers license of individuals that are partially hearing impaired. Special Restrictions Some individuals applying for a license may have a mental or physical condition that impairs his/her ability to safely operate a motor vehicle, even temporarily. If you suffer from such a condition you must provide DPS with a medical statement from your doctor. These conditions will include: loss of consciousness, seizures, vision changes, impairment of judgment or loss of motor functions. The DPS will evaluate the medical information to determine if a learners permit or driver license may be issued or restricted.

Individuals with Permanent Physical Disabilities Not all physical conditions impair a persons ability to safely operate a motor vehicle. Each case is considered on an individual basis. For individuals with physical disabilities there is help. Special driving equipment and controls can be installed in his/her vehicles to help them compensate for his/her disabilities and allow them to operate all vehicle controls safely. This special equipment needs to be added to a car by a trained technician. Equipment for the disabled Manual controls Left-foot accelerator pedal Automatic transmission Safety harness Other adapted vehicle controls

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Your License to Drive License Suspensions/Revocations

Suspensions and revocations placed on driving privileges. Possessing more than one valid driver license or identification card Providing false information or documents when applying for a driver license Making, selling, or possessing a document deceptively similar to a driver license or identification card issued by the Department of Public Safety Graffiti Fictitious license plate, registration certificate, or safety inspection sticker Fraudulent government records Racing a motor vehicle on public highway or street Failure to register as a sex offender

Operating a motor vehicle is a privilege. If this privilege is abused it may result in driver license suspension or revocation. Suspension: The temporary withdrawal of a driver license or driving privilege for a definite period of time. Revocation: The termination of a driver license or driving privilege for an indefinite period of time. May be restored when all requirements for the revocation have been satisfied. Cancellation: The withdrawal of a driver license or driving privilege until the driver is able to re-qualify. Denial: The withholding of a driver license or driving privilege because the person is ineligible for a license. A driver license may be issued when eligibility requirements are met. Mandatory Suspensions. Convictions of the following offenses will result in the automatic suspension of a driving privilege. Driving while intoxicated (DWI) by use of alcohol or drugs Drug offense Intoxication manslaughter Intoxication assault Failure to stop and render aid Causing the death or serious injury of anyone while operating a motor vehicle Any offense punishable as a felony under the motor vehicle laws of Texas Overtaking and passing a school bus (subsequent conviction) Boating while intoxicated Evading arrest Driving while license invalid Altered/unlawful use of driver license Displaying or possessing a driver license or identification card that is fictitious or altered, Lending a driver license or identification card to someone else 1 28

Administrative Suspensions/ Revocations The Department of Public Safety has the authority to suspend/revoke the driver license or driving privilege of any driver, after an opportunity for proper hearing, for the following reasons. Driving while license suspended, Causing a serious accident while operating a motor vehicle Becoming incompetent to drive Repeated violations of traffic laws Four (4) or more convictions for moving violations occurring separately within any 12-month period or 7 or more within any 24-month period Habitual reckless or negligent driving Permit unlawful or fraudulent use of ones driver license Violating a driver license endorsement requirement Two or more convictions for violating a driver license restriction Failure to comply with the terms of a citation issued by another state that is a member of the Nonresident Violator Compact of 1977 Failure to complete a DWI education program within 181 days if completion is a term of probation upon conviction of DWI A reinstatement fee is required for all discretionary suspensions/revocations.

Your License to Drive Suspensions/Revocations

Failure to complete a repeat offender alcohol education program as required when convicted of DWI failure to complete a drug education program as required upon conviction of a drug offense Failure to provide medical information when requested Failure to take or pass an examination when requested Fleeing or attempting to flee from a police officer Has committed an offense in another state, which if committed in this state would be grounds for suspension or revocation Fail to stop for a school bus (second conviction) Violates a probation order set by a previous hearing Suspensions/Revocations for Individuals Under 21. Convictions or failure to comply with the following offenses will result in the automatic suspension of a driving privilege of persons under 21 years of age: (Also see Administrative License Revocation (ALR) for additional suspension information regarding minors.) Alcoholic Beverage Code offenses: Minor in possession Attempt to purchase alcohol by a minor Purchase of alcohol by a minor Consumption of alcohol by a minor Misrepresentation of age by a minor Driving under the influence of alcohol by a minor Failure to complete an alcohol awareness class Health and Safety Code violations: Fail to complete a tobacco awareness class when required Drug offense An offense under the controlled substance act A felony under chapter 481, that is not a drug offense Family Code violations: Delinquent conduct by a minor or juvenile Truancy The Department of Public Safety has the authority to suspend/revoke the driver license or driving privilege of a minor, after a proper hearing, for the following reasons: 1 29 Failure to appear or default in payment of a fine for a traffic or a non traffic violation, A juvenile court order under Section 54.042 Family Code A court order under Section 106.115. Alcoholic Beverage Code Failure to pay fine; contempt; juvenile Art. 45.050 CCP Repeated violations of traffic laws: Two (2) or more convictions for moving violations occurring separately within any 12-month period for a driver who has a provisional driver license One (1) or more convictions for a moving violation if the driver holds a 60-day hardship (Minors Restricted Driver License) license Administrative License Revocation (ALR) ) The Administrative License Revocation (ALR) Law became effective January 1, 1995. A $125 reinstatement fee is required for all ALR suspensions. Chapter 524 of the Transportation Code provides for suspending the license (over 21) for failing a breath or blood test when the blood alcohol content (BAC) indicates a level of .08 or more Chapter 724 of the Transportation Code provides for suspending the driver license or driving privilege of any individual who refuses to submit to a breath or blood test Chapter 524 of the Transportation Code and Section 106.041 of the Alcoholic Beverage Code provides for suspending the driver license or driving privilege of individuals under 21 years of age for any detectable amount of alcohol. Senate Bill 35 as passed by the Texas Legislature became law on September 1, 1997. This law provides that a minor (a person who is under the age of 21) may not drive a motor vehicle with any detectable amount of alcohol (.00) in his/her system This law is commonly referred to as the ZERO TOLERANCE LAW. This law provides for the suspension of a minors driver license for any detectable amount of alcohol in the minors system or refusal to provide a specimen of the minors breath or blood for analysis.

Your License to Drive Suspensions/Revocations

Cancellations. The Department of Public Safety is authorized to cancel the license or ID card of individuals who do not meet certain qualifications. The following types of cases require cancellation of a driver license or ID card: Suspension/revocation action from another state Parental authorization withdrawn (for individuals under 18 years of age) Failure to give required information in the application for the license or ID card Person was not entitled to the license or ID card Incomplete driver education Voluntary surrender for medical or insurance purposes False statement on application license or ID card Court-Ordered Suspension/Revocations/ Cancelations. The Department shall, upon receipt of an order from the court, suspend, revoke or cancel the driver license or driving privilege for the following: Delinquent child support Requirement for a deep lung breath analysis mechanism (interlock device) Failure to repay any overpayment of food stamps or financial assistance Mentally incapacitated Chemically dependent Fail to renew annually - classified sex offender Denials. The Department of Public Safety is authorized to deny the issuance of a driver license to a person who is ineligible to receive a license in this state. An applicant may be denied a driver license for the following reasons: Suspension/revocation/cancellation/ disqualification status in this state, another state, or Canadian Province Physical or mental incapacity that prevents the safe operation of a motor vehicle Acquiring motor vehicle fuel without payment Certain criminal mischief (graffiti) Purchasing for or furnishing alcohol to a minor Driving While License Invalid The penalties for driving a motor vehicle while your driver license or driving privilege is suspended, canceled, denied, or revoked are: 1. A fine not to exceed $200.00 2. Suspension of your driver license or driving privilege will be automatically extended upon the licensee being convicted of operating a motor vehicle while suspended, canceled, or revoked; such extended period of suspension will be for a like period of time as the original suspension 3. A subsequent conviction is a Class B misdemeanor.

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Your License to Drive Suspensions/Revocations

Sanctions for Non-Driving Alcohol-Related Offenses by Minors. Texas ZERO TOLERANCE LAW also provides sanctions for minors who commit offenses under the NON-DRIVING alcohol-related offenses. A minor may not purchase, attempt to purchase, falsely state that they are 21 years of age or older or present any document that indicates that they are 21 years of age or older to a person engaged in the selling or serving of alcoholic beverages, consume, or possess an alcoholic beverage. The penalty upon conviction and for Public Intoxication for a minor is as follows: 1st NON-DRIVING Alcohol-Related Offense by a MinorClass C misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $500.00, 8 to 12 hours of community service, and mandatory attendance of an alcohol awareness course. The minors driver license will be suspended (or his/her privilege denied if not licensed) for 30 days. 2nd NON-DRIVING Alcohol-Related Offense by a MinorClass C misdemeanor, punishable by a fine up to $500.00, 20 to 40 hours of community service, and may be required to attend an alcohol awareness course. The minors driver license will be suspended (or his/her driving privilege denied if not licensed) for 60 days. 3rd NON-DRIVING Alcohol-Related Offense by a Minor (17 years of age or older but less than 21)Class B misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than $250.00 nor more than $2,000.00, not less than 20 nor more than 40 hours of community service, and/or confinement in jail not to exceed 180 days. The minors driver license will be suspended (or his/her privilege denied if not licensed) for 180 days. Minors are not eligible for deferred disposition on the third and subsequent convictions. A minor who is convicted of driving while his/her license is suspended because of a non-driving alcohol related offense is subject to the penalties of Driving While License Invalid law. Other Sanctions for Non-Driving AlcoholRelated Offenses A person who purchases an alcoholic beverage for a minor or who furnishes an alcoholic beverage to a minor can be punished by a fine up to $4,000.00 and/or confinement in jail for up to one year. A person who sells a minor an alcoholic beverage can be punished by a fine up to $4,000.00 and/or confinement in jail for up to one year. Essential Need (Occupational) License This is a special license issued by the Department of Public Safety to persons whose licenses have been suspended for causes other than physical or mental disability or impairment and can prove to a court an essential need to drive. Applications for such licenses are made to the district or county court of the county of the licensee's residence or to the court of original jurisdiction, whichever is applicable. A person who is issued this license must carry a certified copy of the court order with them when operating a motor vehicle. This person must allow a police officer to examine the order at the officers lawful request. This license may not be issued to operate a commercial motor vehicle. Fee: $10.00 per year.

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Your License to Drive Driver Responsibility Program

The Driver Responsibility Program can be located in Transportation Code Chapter 708 and was enacted by the 78th Texas Legislature (House Bill 3588). This law requires the Department to assess surcharges based on certain traffic offenses. This program does not replace other administrative suspension, or revocation actions that result from these same convictions. The surcharges assessed for this program are in addition to other reinstatement fees required for other administrative actions. Surcharges are assessed using the following two methods. Points. Points are assessed to moving violations classified as Class C misdemeanors. The Department will assign points to a person's driver license as follows upon conviction: Two points for a moving violation conviction in Texas or that of another state. Moving violations are defined by 37 TEX. ADMIN. CODE 15.89 which includes a list of those violations that will be assigned points. Points will not be assigned for speeding less than 10% over the posted limit or for seat belt violations. Child Safety Seat violations will accrue two points. Three points are assigned for a moving violation conviction in Texas or another state that resulted in a crash. The Department will assess a surcharge when the driver accumulates a total of six (6) points or more on their driver record during a three-year period. The surcharge assessment will be reviewed annually. If the driver record continues to reflect six or more points during the prior three-year period, the surcharge will be assessed. Therefore, drivers may be required to pay for one or more years if six or more points continue to accumulate on the driver record. The driver must pay a $100 surcharge for the first six points and $25 for each additional point. Point surcharges are cumulative and may vary with each annual assessment if convictions are added or removed from the driver record. Other. Surcharges are also assessed for 1 32 certain convictions as defined by law. The surcharge amount varies based upon the type of violation committed. No points are accessed for these offenses because the surcharge is automatic upon conviction. The offense information and associated surcharges are listed below: Driving While Intoxicated or a DWI-related offense First time offense = $1,000 Second or subsequent offense = $1,500 DWI with Blood Alcohol Content 0.16 or greater = $2,000 Failure to Maintain Financial Responsibility= $250 Driving While Driver License Invalid = $250 Driving without a Valid Driver License (i.e. No Driver License, No Commercial Driver License, No Endorsement Violation, No Motorcycle License, Operate with License for other Class Vehicle) = $100 Surcharges, which are cumulative, are automatically assessed for these convictions. For example, an initial conviction for DWI will be assessed $1,000 annually, and a subsequent DWI conviction within the same three-year period will be assessed an additional $1,500 annually.

For more information about the Driver Responsibility Program, you can visit the following web site: www.txsurchargeonline.com

Your License to Drive Inspecting a Vehicle

Required Equipment Guidelines and procedures to inspect and register a motor vehicle in Texas. You must have the following equipment in proper working order for your car to be considered safe: 1. Brakes Foot Brakemust stop car within a distance of 25 feet at a speed of 20 miles per hour. Parking Brakeshould be adequate to stop and hold car. 2. Lights Two Headlightsone on each side on the fronta beam indicator showing when the high headlight beam is on. Tail Lightsall vehicles shall be equipped with two tail lights, except that models manufactured prior to model year 1960 shall be required to have only one tail light. Brake Lightsall vehicles shall be equipped with two brake lights (stop lights) except that models manufactured prior to model year 1960 shall be required to have only one brake light (stop light). Turn Signalsevery motor vehicle, trailer, semi-trailer, and pole-trailer shall be equipped with electric turn signals (motorcycles and certain trailers excepted), except that passenger cars and trucks less than 80 inches in width and manufactured prior to model year 1960 need not be equipped with electrical turn signals. License Plate Lighta white light lighting the rear license plate when the headlights (or auxiliary lamps) are lighted. Reflectorstwo red reflectors, one on each side of car. (May be in combination with tail lights)placed at a height of 15 to 60 inches and visible up to 600 feet. Reflectors must be visible up to 350 feet on vehicles manufactured prior to the year model 1960. Parking Lightswhite or amber on the front, red to the rear (may be in combination with other lights).

All motor vehicles registered in Texas must have a valid safety inspection sticker, license plates, and the required local decals.

Vehicle Inspection Keep your car in good condition. The state inspection program gives you further safety protection. Its purpose is to ensure that the Texas vehicles on the highways are in safe working condition. All motor vehicles registered in Texas, including motorcycles, motor scooters, and mopeds must be inspected each year by an official motor vehicle inspection station. Evidence of financial responsibility for the vehicle being inspected must be presented at the time of inspection. If evidence of financial responsibility is not presented, an inspection certificate will not be issued. When a vehicle passes inspection, an approved certificate must be placed on the windshield. Motorcycles and mopeds shall have the inspection certificate displayed near the rear license plate. These certificates are good for one year from the month of inspection. Any vehicle involved in a crash must be re-inspected after repairs have been made.

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Your License to Drive Inspecting a Vehicle

Required Equipment, 3. Hornmust be heard for a distance of 200 feet. 4. Mufflera muffler and exhaust systemall 1968 or later models must be equipped with an exhaust emission system to help reduce air pollution. 5. Safety Glassall new cars must be equipped with safety glass. All replacements of glass for any car must be with safety glass. 6. License Platesmust have one valid plate at the front and one at the rear of passenger and commercial vehicles except dealer plates and those commercial vehicles that are only issued one license plate. 7. Windshield Wipersfor safety in bad weather. 8. Rearview Mirrorshall be so located as to be able to reflect a view of the highway for a distance of at least 200 feet to the rear of the vehicle. 9. Slow-Moving Vehicle Emblemfarm tractors and machinery, road construction machinery, animal-drawn vehicles and certain other motor vehicles designed to travel at 25 miles per hour or less must display the slow moving vehicle emblem. 10. Seat Beltsare required equipment if seat belt anchorages were part of the original equipment of the automobile. 11. Tiresall vehicles are required to be equipped with tires that are in proper and safe condition with a minimum tread depth of 2/32nds of an inch. 12. Fuel Capthe fuel cap on gasoline powered vehicles from 2 to 24 years old will be checked to determine if the fuel cap is missing or defective. (EXCEPTIONS: antique vehicles, circus vehicles, slow moving vehicles, motorcycles, and vehicles operated exclusively by a fuel other than gasoline and vehicles newer than 2 years or older than 24 years.) 1 34 Equipment Which You Must Not Have Certain equipment is considered unsafe and therefore not allowed: 1. A red light showing from the frontexcept on an emergency vehicle. 2. A bell, siren, or exhaust whistleexcept on an emergency vehicle. 3. A muffler cutout. 4. Anything that extends more than three inches beyond the left side or six inches beyond the right side of the body, running board, or fenders of your car. 5. Flashing red lights on the frontexcept on emergency vehicles, school buses, and church buses. (See Flashing Lights under Optional Equipment.) Minimum road clearancea vehicle must not be modified or weighted in such a manner that the body is below the lowest part of the rims of the wheels. Optional Equipment 1. Spotlightmust be turned off for a vehicle approaching from opposite direction. If headlights fail, it may be used with the beam striking the road not more than 50 feet in front of the vehicle on which it is used. 2. Side cowl or fender lighttwo permitted must show amber or white light without glare. 3. Running board courtesy lightsone on each side permittedmust show amber or white light without glare. 4. Backup lightstwo permitted separately or in combination with other lights. Do not use when vehicle is in forward motion. 5. Flashing lightswidespread flashing lights may be used on any vehicle to warn of unusual traffic hazardsmust show flashing amber or white to the front and flashing amber or red to the rear and must flash simultaneously. 6. Additional lightsany motor vehicle may have up to three additional driving lights mounted on the frontnot less than 12 nor more than 42 inches from the road surface. 7. Sunscreen or window tintingif used, must comply with appropriate state regulations for your vehicle make and model.

Your License to Drive Vehicle Registration

When a nonresident owner or operator establishes residency in Texas or enters into gainful employment, his/her vehicle may be operated for 30 days thereafter, after which time the vehicle must be currently registered in Texas. A new resident desiring to register his/her vehicle must obtain a new Texas vehicle inspection certificate and verification of the vehicle identification number by a stateapproved vehicle inspection station prior to registration. The vehicle owner will then be provided the necessary form for processing the vehicle registration. Evidence of financial responsibility for the vehicle being registered must be presented at the time of registration. If evidence of financial responsibility is not presented, then the vehicle cannot be registered. A new Texas resident must register every vehicle that he/she owns before applying for a Texas driver license. The registration receipt issued by the county tax assessor-collector for each vehicle will be acceptable proof of registration when applying for a Texas driver license. TXDOT Vehicle Registration http://www.txdot.gov/txdot_library/ audio_video/drivers_vehicles.htm A motor vehicle is a complex machine made up of many parts and systems, which each is important to the safe and proper operation. Preventive maintenance will help prevent breakdown and reduce expensive repair costs. Texas requires motor vehicles to be in good working order.

Benefits and obligations of the Safety Responsibility Act. The Safety Responsibility Act (Liability Insurance) was enacted to ensure all drivers are financially responsible for the death, injury, or property damage they may cause while operating a motor vehicle. All owners and/or operators of motor vehicles in Texas must have at least the minimum amount of liability insurance. $25,000 against injury or death of one person $50,000 against injury or death of two persons $25,000 against property damage. The minimum liability amounts will increase January 1, 2011 to 30,000, 60,000, 25,000 respectively. In order to comply with the Safety Responsibility Act, a driver, unless exempt, must maintain liability insurance or be self-insured under the provisions of the Act. Evidence of financial responsibility must be presented at the time a person applies for a driver license, registers a motor vehicle, or obtains a motor vehicle inspection certificate. Upon request, evidence of financial responsibility must be shown to a law enforcement officer or to another person involved in a crash. The following list includes what is acceptable proof of financial responsibility. a liability insurance policy in at least the minimum amounts listed above, or a standard proof of liability insurance form promulgated by the Texas Department of Insurance and issued by a liability insurer that includes: - Name of the insurer - Insurance policy number - Policy period 1 35

Responsibility not only refers to being responsible when you are behind the wheel of a vehicle or being a safe driver, but it also refers to what you do before you even step into your car. To be a safe driver, you must start with a vehicle that operates properly. Owning a vehicle gives the young driver freedom, but also carries with it the responsibilities and expenses associated with that freedom. Purchase price Maintenance costs Insurance costs Fuel costs Registration/inspection costs

Your License to Drive Safety Responsibility Law

The following list includes what is acceptable proof of financial responsibility. A liability insurance policy in at least the minimum amounts listed previously, or A standard proof of liability insurance form promulgated by the Texas Department of Insurance and issued by a liability insurer that includes: Name of the insurer Insurance policy number Policy period Name and address of each insured; Policy limits or a statement that the coverage of the policy complies with at least the minimum amounts of liability insurance required by this Act Make and model of each covered vehicle Insurance binder that indicates the owner and/or operator is in compliance with the Act Certificate or copy of a certificate issued by the state comptroller that shows that the owner of the vehicle has on deposit with the treasurer money or securities in at least the amount ($55,000) required by Texas Transportation Code (TRC), Section 601.122 Certificate or copy of a certificate issued by the Department of Public Safety that shows that the vehicle is a vehicle for which a bond is on file with the Department as provided by TRC, Section 601.121 Copy of a certificate issued by the county judge of a county in which the vehicle is registered that shows that the owner of the vehicle has on deposit with the county judge, cash or a cashiers check in at least the amount ($55,000) required by TRC, Section 601.123 Certificate issued by the Department that shows a person has more than twenty-five (25) vehicles registered in his/her name, qualifies as a self-insurer in accordance with TRC, Section 601.124 If an owner and/or operator fails to show proof of financial responsibility when required, he may receive a citation. The court will dismiss the charge if proof is provided that a liability insurance policy was in effect when the citation 1 36 was issued. Upon conviction of operating a motor vehicle without sufficient evidence of financial responsibility, when required, a driver is subject to a $175 minimum fine and not more than a $350 maximum fine. Second and subsequent convictions will result in driver license and motor vehicle registration suspensions in addition to a minimum fine of $350 and not more than a $1,000 fine. Also, a second or subsequent conviction requires the court to order impoundment of the motor vehicle being driven or operated by the person at the time of the offense, provided that the defendant was an owner of the vehicle at the time of the offense and is an owner of the vehicle on the date of conviction. The vehicle shall be impounded for a period of 180 days. Before the court orders the release of the vehicle, evidence of financial responsibility must be presented to the court. The license and motor vehicle registration of a driver will be suspended: Upon conviction of a traffic violation providing for automatic suspension of a driver license, unless proof of insurance is presented to the DPS If a judgment resulting from a crash has not been satisfied within 60 days of the judgment If an installment agreement arising out of a settlement of a crash is in default If, while uninsured, involved in a crash in which another person is killed, injured, or there is at least $1,000 damage to one persons property and there exists a reasonable probability of a judgment being rendered against the driver When required to maintain proof of financial responsibility, this proof must remain on file for two years. More specific information about the Safety Responsibility Act may be obtained at any Department of Public Safety office or by writing to:
DRIVER IMPROVEMENT BUREAU TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY PO BOX 4087 AUSTIN TX 78773-0330

Your License to Drive Review

if you are teaching a beginner to drive you must be a licensed driver age 21 or older. The maximum fine for a first conviction of driving without a valid driver license is $200.00. A persons driver license may be suspended if convicted of: Possessing a false/fake driver license Habitual reckless driving A serious crash (accident) If your drivers license is suspended you may drive only if you obtain an Essential driver license. You may lawfully allow an object to extend beyond the left side of your vehicle three (3) inches. Drivers become subject to the liability insurance law when accident damages amount to at least $1,000.00 to property of one person.

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Right-of-Way
Right-of-way and list the responsibilities, obligations, and potential consequences for failure to accept or yield the right-of-way. signs or when two vehicles approach an intersection controlled by four stop signs, neither vehicle has the right-of-way. Texas law states that when two or more vehicles approach an intersection at the same time, the driver on the LEFT must yield to the driver on the right. Uncontrolled Intersections. An uncontrolled intersection has NO specific signs or signals to regulate the flow of traffic. At an uncontrolled intersection, the right-of-way rules are as First Car Rule Vehicles approaching an intersection must yield to vehicles already in the intersection.

The term right-of-way means that a vehicle or pedestrian has the right to proceed in a lawful manner on a roadway while another vehicle or pedestrian yields to this individual.

In every situation, right-of-way is a privilege to be given and not one that is taken by a driver.

There are times when a driver must yield the roadway to other users. In situations where right -of-way determines who should yield at an intersection or merge area, right-of-way rules play a very important part in preventing possible conflicts. Right-of-Way Right-of-way laws are rules designed to determine who should yield and who should go first. When two vehicles approach an intersection not controlled by traffic lights or Yield also means to STOP if you cannot merge safely into the flow of traffic.

follows: First Car Rule Intersections with STOP signs on all the corners and intersections with flashing RED or broken signal lights must stop. The first vehicle approaching and entering the intersection has the right-of-way.

Texas Law 545.151. Vehicle Approaching or Entering Intersection (d) (1) Shall stop, yield, and grant immediate use of the intersection to a vehicle that has entered the intersection from the operator's right or is approaching the intersection from the operator's right in a proximity that is a hazard. 1 38

Right-of-Way
Turning RIGHT or Going STRAIGHT Same Time Rule When two facing vehicles approach at approximately the same time, both drivers can move straight ahead or turn right. Both cars can move ahead or turn to their right.

Traditional and non-traditional intersections. Procedures to accept or yield the right-ofway in the Highway Transportation System at controlled intersections, uncontrolled intersections, intersecting roads with lesser or greater number of lanes, intersecting roads with different pavement surfaces, Tintersections, controlled-access roads, railroad grade crossings, turns (left and right), and entering a public road from a private road.

Traditional Intersections: Uncontrolled intersections Intersecting roads with lesser or greater number of lanes Intersecting roads with different pavement surfaces T-intersections Intersecting public road with private road Non-traditional Intersections: Railroad grade-crossing U-turn 2-point turn 3-point turn Driveway intersecting with street Traffic Circle Same Time Rule When two or more vehicles approach or enter at approximately the same time, the driver of the vehicle on the left shall yield the right-ofway to the vehicle on the right.

Turning LEFT Same Time Rule When two facing vehicles approach at approximately the same time, and one vehicle wants to turn left, that driver must signal and yield the right-of-way to the driver going straight.

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Right-of-Way Uncontrolled Intersections

Tangent Turns Same Time Rule When two vehicles are approaching each other and signaling to turn left, both vehicles should take the inside path, the lane closest to the center. They will complete the turn by turning in front of each other. T Intersections When approaching an intersection of a through street that ends at the intersection, first you must stop and then yield the right-of-way to the vehicles on the through street.

Private When entering or crossing a road, street, or highway from a private road, alley, building, or driveway after stopping prior to the sidewalk, you should yield the right-of-way to all approaching vehicles and pedestrians. Traffic Circles At traffic circles, vehicles entering the circle shall yield to vehicles already in the circle.

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Right-of-Way Controlled Intersections

A controlled intersection is where signs or signals determine who should yield. Controlled intersections are designed to regulate the flow of traffic and pedestrians. Knowing their meaning and obeying them will allow you to navigate the intersection safely and efficiently. The next section and Chapter 5, Texas Driver Handbook will cover Traffic Signs, Traffic Signals, and Pavement Markings. REMEMBER Understanding traffic signs and signals used to control and direct traffic at the intersection is not enough. Knowing the meaning of these signs and signals is not enough.

Basic knowledge of right-of-way laws provides a driver the foundation to formulate and implement informed, legal, and responsible decisions to reduce risk.

of-way situations. However, if a driver is unsure who has the right-of-way, it is always better to err on the side of giving than taking. If a conflict over right-of-way develops, the driver must make the legal and responsible decision to give the right-of-way to the other A driver never wants to end up Dead Right!

The basic knowledge of right-of-way laws (first vehicle, vehicle to the right, obeying traffic signs and signals) provides a driver information to formulate and implement informed decisions to reduce risk and hopefully avoid conflicts in right1 41

Right-of-Way Merge (Lane Change) Areas

Entering controlled-access highway. A driver must yield the right-ofway to vehicles already on the freeway. Enter the acceleration lane and match the speed of the first lane of traffic. Stay on the right, signal left, and when the way is clear increase your speed so you can merge with the flow of traffic.

Leaving controlled-access highway. Signal well before the exit needed. Enter the deceleration lane and reduce speed. The deceleration lane will lead into an exit ramp. Identify the regulatory sign with the ramp speed and adjust your speed accordingly. If you miss the exit, do not stop and/or back up on the expressway, continue driving to the next exit.

Driving on multiple-lane roadways. On a roadway divided into three (3) or more lanes providing for one-way movement, a vehicle entering a lane of traffic from a lane to the right shall yield the right-of-way to a vehicle entering the same lane of traffic from a lane to the left.

YIELD Right of Way

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Right-of-Way Railroad Grade Crossings

Railroad grade crossings. Texas law requires obedience to a signal indicating approach of a train. Whenever any person driving a vehicle approaches a railroad grade crossing, the driver of such vehicle shall stop within fifty (50) feet but not less than fifteen (15) feet from the nearest rail of such railroad if: 1. A clearly visible railroad signal warns of the approach of a train; 2. A crossing gate is lowered or a human flag person warns of the approach or passage of a railroad train; 3. The driver is required to stop by other law, a rule adopted under a statute, an official traffic-control device or a traffic-control signal; 4. A railroad engine approaching within approximately fifteen hundred (1,500) feet of the highway crossing emits a signal audible from such distance and such engine by reason of its speed or nearness to such crossing is an immediate hazard; or 5. An approaching railroad train is plainly visible and in hazardous proximity to such crossing. 6. A person who fails to obey the law regarding railroad grade crossings is subject to a fine of not less than $50 nor more than $200. The driver of a vehicle required to stop at a railroad grade crossing as provided by this law shall remain stopped until the driver is permitted to proceed and it is safe to proceed. Additional Safe Driving Procedures at Railroad Crossings: 1. If a railroad crossing is marked only with a crossbuck sign - reduce speed, look both ways, and listen for audible signal whistle. If a train is approaching - STOP; if not, proceed only upon exercising due care. 2. If red lights are flashing at a railroad crossing - STOP. If a train is approaching, remain stopped until the train passes by and the lights stop flashing. 3. If railroad crossing arms have been lowered - STOP. You must wait until the train has passed and the gates are raised. 1 43 4. Never stop on tracks. If your car stalls on the tracks and you cannot restart it, get out and try to push it off the tracks. If you cannot push it off the tracks, get help. If a train is approaching and your vehicle is stalled, get out quickly and get clear of the tracks. Run in the direction from which the train is approaching to avoid flying debris, staying clear of the tracks. 5. Be sure all tracks are clear before you proceed across. There may be two or more sets of tracks. One train could be blocking the view of another. 6. Remember, trains do not and cannot stop at crossings. They always have the rightof-way. 7. Audible signals or whistles may be difficult to hear when approaching railroad crossings. It is suggested that drivers roll your window down, turn their radio down, and listen carefully. 8. If you encounter a railroad grade crossing signal problem, please call the Texas Department of Public Safety Headquarters Communications Center in Austin (toll-free number is 1-800-772-7677) or your local police department or county sheriffs office. Each railroad crossing signal has an identifying number. Please note the number and be ready to provide it when reporting a problem.

Right-of-Way School Buses

Procedure to yield the right-of-way to emergency vehicles including the Move Over Act, school buses, and pedestrians; Reduce risk by legally and responsibly accepting or yielding the right-of-way. Drive with care when you are near a school bus. If you approach a school bus from either direction and the bus is displaying alternately flashing red lights and an extended stop sign, you must stop and not pass until: 1. School bus has resumed motion 2. Signaled by the driver to proceed 3. Red lights are no longer flashing A person who fails to obey the law regarding yielding the right-of-way to school buses displaying alternating, flashing lights, is subject to a fine of not less than $200.00 or more than $1,000.00. A second or subsequent conviction can result in a license suspension up to 6 months. Also, if you fail to obey the law, you may be charged with a Class A misdemeanor if a driver causes serious bodily injury to another; or a state jail felony if the person has been previously convicted.

You must also stop if the bus is loading or unloading children and the signal devices are not functioning properly.

School Bus

RED cars must yield right-of-way

School Bus

Drivers need not stop when meeting or passing a school bus which is (1) on a different roadway, or (2) upon a controlled-access highway where the school bus is stopped in a loading zone and pedestrians are not permitted to cross the roadway.

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Right-of-Way Emergency Vehicles

You must yield the right-of-way to police cars, fire trucks, ambulances, and other emergency vehicles which are sounding a siren or bell or flashing a red light by pulling to the right edge of the roadway and stopping. In the event traffic is so congested as to prevent you from safely doing so, slow down and leave a clear path for the emergency vehicle. You must not follow within 500 feet of a fire truck answering an alarm or an ambulance when the flashing red lights are on. Do not drive into or park in the block where the fire truck has answered an alarm or park your vehicle so as to interfere with the arrival or departure of an ambulance to or from the scene of an emergency.

Move Over Law Drivers nearing a stopped emergency vehicle that has lights activated, unless otherwise directed by a law enforcement officer, must: Vacate the lane closest to the emergency vehicle, if the highway has two or more lanes traveling in the direction of the emergency vehicle; or Slow to a speed not more than 20 mph less than the posted speed limit when the posted speed limit is 25 mph or more; or Slow to a speed not more than 5 mph when the posted speed limit is less than 25

General Traffic Tips/Move Over Law http://www.texasdriversquiz.org/

Texas Law

545.157. Passing Authorized Emergency Vehicle.

(a) On approaching a stationary authorized emergency vehicle using visual signals that
meet the requirements of Sections 547.305 and 547.702, an operator, unless otherwise directed by a police officer, shall: (1) vacate the lane closest to the emergency vehicle when driving on a highway with two or more lanes traveling in the direction of the emergency vehicle; or (2) slow to a speed not to exceed: (A) 20 miles per hour less than the posted speed limit when the posted speed limit is 25 miles per hour or more; or (B) five miles per hour when the posted speed limit is less than 25 miles per hour. (b) A violation of this section is: (1) a misdemeanor punishable under Section 542.401; (2) a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of $500 if the violation results in property damage; or (3) a Class B misdemeanor if the violation results in bodily injury. (c) If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code or the Penal Code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or under both

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Right-of-Way Pedestrians
The pedestrian has the right-of-way at an intersection, and this right-of-way extends from the moment he/she steps into the intersection, to the time he/she reaches the opposite side of the street. All vehicles intending to pass through the intersection must give the pedestrian the right-of-way and allow them to pass from one side of the street to the other in safety. Avoid turning your car into a deadly weapon. You should always be on the lookout for pedestrians (people on foot) whether or not they have the right-of-way. Drivers must yield to pedestrians in the following situations: Uncontrolled intersections.At an uncontrolled intersection no traffic signs or signals if the pedestrian has entered the crosswalk, you the driver should give them the right-of-way. Controlled intersectionsIf the pedestrian has a WALK signal, or, if no pedestrian control signals exist, at a green light, you should give the pedestrian the right-of-way. If the light changes after the pedestrian has already entered the crosswalk, you should still give the pedestrian the right-of-way. Highway Intersections Drivers of vehicles entering, crossing, or turning at intersections shall change their course, slow down, or stop if necessary to permit pedestrians to cross such intersections safely. Vehicles making turns into highways must yield to pedestrians crossing the highways at intersections. Texas Law 552.003. Pedestrian Right-of-Way at Crosswalk. (a) The operator of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian crossing a roadway in a crosswalk if: (1) no traffic control signal is in place or in operation; and (2) the pedestrian is: (A) on the half of the roadway in which the vehicle is traveling; or (B) approaching so closely from the opposite half of the roadway as to be in danger. (b) Notwithstanding Subsection (a), a pedestrian may not suddenly leave a curb or other place of safety and proceed into a crosswalk in the path of a vehicle so close that it is impossible for the vehicle operator to yield. (c) The operator of a vehicle approaching from the rear of a vehicle that is stopped at a crosswalk to permit a pedestrian to cross a roadway may not pass the stopped vehicle.

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Right-of-Way Review
A vehicle driving on a two-lane road must YIELD the right-of-way to vehicles traveling on a fourlane road. If you are driving on an unpaved road, you must YIELD the right-of-way to the vehicle on the paved road. At an uncontrolled intersection, a driver must YIELD the right-of-way to the vehicle that arrived at the intersection first or to the vehicle on the right. A vehicle entering a street from a private alley or driveway must YIELD to approaching vehicles and pedestrians. Vehicle turning left must YIELD the right-of-way to vehicles approaching. When approaching an intersection of a through street from a street that ends at the intersection, first you must STOP and then YIELD the right-of-way to the vehicles on the through street. When you hear a siren coming, you should YIELD to the emergency vehicle. When meeting a school bus that has stopped to pick up or discharge children, you should STOP and wait until the bus has started or you are signaled by the driver to proceed. When a vehicle ahead of you stops to let a pedestrian pass in front of it, you should stay in line and wait until the vehicle ahead proceeds.

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