Nubee Training Center (NTC)

FIELD TEST ENGINEER

Drive Test & Walk Test
www.nubeesystem.com

PT. Nubee System Mayapada Tower, 11th Floor Jl. Jendral Sudirman Kav. 28 Jakarta 12920 http://campus.nubeesystem.com

CONTENT

1. Basic Overview of GSM/2G & WCDMA/3G 2. Drive Test Introduction a. Drive Test Definition b. Types Drive Test c. Drive Test Purpose d. Equipment Standard Drive Test e. Drive Test Parameters 3. Tools Introduction a. Nemo Outdoor b. TEMS 4. Indoor Measurement 5. Some Rules Of Drive Testing 6. Hands On Operation

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GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE PSTN ISDN PDN BSC MS BTS MSC GMSC

BTS MS BTS MS

BSC VLR

EIR AUC HLR

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BTS (Base Transceiver Station ) A base transceiver station (BTS) or cell site is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless internet connectivity, WiFi and WiMAX gadgets etc. The network can be that of any of the wireless communication technologies like GSM, CDMA, WLL, WAN, WiFi, WiMAX etc. BTS is also referred to as the radio base station (RBS), node B (in 3G Networks) or, simply, the base station (BS). For discussion of the LTE standard the abbreviation eNB for enhanced node B is widely used.

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General Architecture
A BTS in general has the following units: Transceiver (TRX) Quite widely referred to as the driver receiver (DRX). Basically does transmission and reception of signals. Also does sending and reception of signals to/from higher network entities (like the base station controller in mobile telephony) Power amplifier (PA) Amplifies the signal from DRX for transmission through antenna; may be integrated with DRX. Combiner Combines feeds from several DRXs so that they could be sent out through a single antenna. Allows for a reduction in the number of antenna used. Duplexer For separating sending and receiving signals to/from antenna. Does sending and receiving signals through the same antenna ports (cables to antenna). Antenna This is also considered a part of the BTS. Alarm extension system Collects working status alarms of various units in the BTS and extends them to operations and maintenance (O&M) monitoring stations. Control function Control and manages the various units of BTS including any software. On-the-spot configurations, status changes, software upgrades, etc. are done through the control function. Baseband receiver unit (BBxx) Frequency hopping, signal DSP, etc.
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Important terms regarding a mobile BTS

NSS(network and switching subsystem) MS(mobile station) Diversity techniques

In order to improve the quality of received signal, often two receiving antennas are used, placed at an equal distance to an uneven multiple of a quarter of wavelength (for 900 MHz the wavelength it is 30 cm). This technique, famous as antenna diversity or diversity in the space, concurs to resolve the problems connected to the fading. The antennas can be spaced horizontally or vertically; in the first case though a greater facility of installation is required, advanced performance is obtained. Other than antenna or space diversity, there are other diversity techniques like frequency/time diversity, antenna pattern diversity, polarization diversity, etc..

Splitting

The process of creating more coverage and capacity in a wireless system by having more than one cell site cover a particular amount of geography. Each cell site covers a smaller area, with lower power MHz and thus offers the ability to reuse frequencies more times in a larger geographic coverage area, such as a city or MTA.

Sectoring

A cell is subdivided to a sure number of fields, every one of which is illuminated from an antenna directive (or panel), that is an antenna that does not illuminate in all the directions, but concentrates the flow of power within a particular area of the cell, known as sector. Every field can therefore be considered like one new cell. By using directional antennas, the co-channel interference is reduced. A typical structure is the trisector, also known as clover, in which there are 3 sectors, each one served by separate antennas. Every sector has a separate direction of tracking of 120 with respect to the adjacent ones. If not sectorised, the cell will be served by an omnidirectional antenna, which radiates in all directions. Bisectored cells are also implemented with the antennas serving sectors of 180 separation to one another.
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GSM Interference

Interference (communication)

In communications and electronics, especially in telecommunications, interference is anything which alters, modifies, or disrupts a signal as it travels along a channel between a source and a receiver. The term typically refers to the addition of unwanted signals to a useful signal. Common examples are: Electromagnetic interference (EMI) Co-channel interference (CCI), also known as crosstalk Adjacent-channel interference (ACI) Intersymbol interference (ISI) Inter-carrier interference (ICI), caused by doppler shift in OFDM modulation (multitone modulation). Common-mode interference (CMI) Conducted interference Interference is typically but not always distinguished from noise, for example white thermal noise. Radio resource management aims at reducing and controlling the co-channel and adjacentchannel interference.

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GSM Interference

Co-channel interference

or CCI is crosstalk from two different radio transmitters using the same frequency. There can be several causes of co-channel radio interference; four examples are listed here. Cellular Mobile Networks: In cellular mobile communication (GSM & LTE Systems, for instance), frequency spectrum is a precious resource which is divided into non-overlapping spectrum bands which are assigned to different cells (In cellular communications, a cell refers to the hexagonal/circular area around the base station antenna). However, after certain geographical distance, the frequency bands are re-used, i.e. the same spectrum bands are re-assigned to other distant cells. The co-channel interference arises in the cellular mobile networks owing to this phenomenon of Frequency reuse. Thus, besides the intended signal from with in the cell, signals at the same frequencies (co-channel signals) arrive at the receiver from the undesired transmitters located (far away) in some other cells and lead to deterioration in receiver performance. Adverse weather conditions: During periods of abnormally high-pressure weather, VHF signals which would normally exit through the atmosphere can instead be reflected by the troposphere. This tropospheric ducting will cause the signal to travel much further than intended; often causing interference to local transmitters in the areas affected by the increased range of the distant transmitter.
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GSM Interference
Poor frequency planning: Poor planning of frequencies by broadcasters can cause CCI, although this is rare. A very localised example is Listowel in the south-west of Ireland. The RTNL UHF television transmitter systems in Listowel and Knockmoyle (near Tralee) are on the same frequencies but with opposite polarisation. However in some outskirts of Listowel town, both transmitters can be picked up causing heavy CCI. This problem forces residents in these areas to use alternative transmitters to receive RT programming. Overly-crowded radio spectrum: In many populated areas, there just isn't much room in the radio spectrum. Stations will be jampacked in, sometimes to the point that one can hear loud and clear two, three, or more stations on the same frequency, at once. In the USA, the FCC propagation models used to space stations on the same frequency are not always accurate in prediction of signals and interference. An example of this situation is in some parts of Fayetteville, Arkansas the local 99.5 FM KAKS is displaced by KXBL 99.5 FM in Tulsa, particularly on the west side of significant hills. Another example would be of Cleveland's WKKY 104.7 having interference from Toledo's WIOT 104.7 FM on the Ontario shore of Lake Erie, as well as Woodstock's CIHR (on rare occasions), which is also on 104.7 FM, due to the signals travelling very far across Lake Erie.

Co-channel interference may be controlled by various radio resource management schemes.

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GSM Interference

Adjacent-channel interference
Adjacent-channel interference or ACI is interference caused by extraneous power from a signal in an adjacent channel. ACI may be caused by inadequate filtering, such as incomplete filtering of unwanted modulation products in frequency modulation (FM) systems, improper tuning, or poor frequency control, in either the reference channel or the interfering channel, or both.

ACI is distinguished from crosstalk. Broadcast regulators frequently manage the broadcast spectrum in order to minimize adjacent-channel interference. For example, in North America FM radio stations in a single region cannot be licensed on adjacent frequencies that is, if a station is licensed on 99.5 MHz in a city, the frequencies of 99.3 MHz and 99.7 MHz cannot be used anywhere within a certain distance of that station's transmitter, and the secondadjacent frequencies of 99.1 MHz and 99.9 MHz are restricted to specialized usages such as low-power stations. Similar restrictions formerly applied to third-adjacent frequencies as well i.e. 98.9 MHz and 100.1 MHz in the example above but these are no longer observed.

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Basic Overview UMTS / 3G

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Basic Overview UMTS / 3G

ATM

WCDMA

Uu

Iu

Service Platform

UE
UE = User Equipment RAN = Radio Acces Network CN = Core Network NMS = Network Management System
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RAN

CN
O&M

NMS

Basic Overview UMTS / 3G

Communication Management (CM) Session Management (SM) Mobility Management (MM)
Radio Resource Management (RRM)

Higher layer functions: Service-related Charging of a Bearer

CN

UE

RAN

Control of Radio Resources Admission Control

Code Allocation
Power Control Handover Control and Macro Diversity
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Managed mainly by CN domains Location Update Location Registration Paging Security Positioning etc.

Circuit/Packet-switched session management: PDP Context Activation CS-call Setup Bearer Need etc.

Basic Overview UMTS / 3G

3G Radio Access

Pedestrian & Office (<10 km/h): Outdoor (< 150 km/h): Outdoor (<250 km/h): bit rate <= 2 Mb/s bit rate 384 kb/s, target 512 kb/s bit rate 144 kb/s, preferably more

Environment Rural Outdoor (Speed < 250 km/h) Urban/Suburban (Speed < 150 km/h) Indoor/Low Range Outdoor (Speed < 10 km/h)
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RT Service Peak Rate (Delay fixed 20 300 ms) 144 384 kb/s 384 512 kb/s - 2 Mb/s (Special conditions)

NRT Service Peak Rate (Delay varies 20 300 ms) 144 384 kb/s 384 512 kb/s - 2 Mb/s (Special conditions)

Basic Overview UMTS / 3G

Network evolution

HW/SW Changes

HLR & AC & EIR

IP Networks

BTS

BSC

TCSM

MSC&VLR

PSTN ISDN

BTS

BSC

TCSM

Value Added Service Platform(s): SMSC, VMS

SGSN TRX Change & Transmission Upgrade

IN

GGSN
IP Networks

BTS

RNC

MGW

3G-SGSN

is BTS, added to existing to were support Packed Data CompanyData Confidential UMTS Even Higher A Rates GSM Rel'3; atGPRS data the in network new start, GSM rates VAS are is for made Radio increased obtained (value from Network added by by 3 networks introducing Sub-Systems implementation services) Controller, EDGE Media (BSS, of part in Features Gateway, NSS the of GSM GSM and like networks OSS) 3G-SGSN network HSCSD IN was introduced new services and differentiation (e.g. Pre-Paid)
15

GPRS adds improved data services with a new Packets witched backbone Where SGSN and GGSN are two main elements PT. Nubee System

CONTENT

1. Basic Overview of GSM/2G & WCDMA/3G 2. Drive Test Introduction a. Drive Test Definition b. Types Drive Test c. Drive Test Purpose d. Equipment Standard Drive Test e. Drive Test Parameters 3. Tools Introduction a. Nemo Outdoor b. TEMS 4. Indoor Measurement 5. Some Rules Of Drive Testing 6. Hands On Operation

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Drive Test Definition

Drive Test Definition :

Transmitter signal quality measurement / BTS to MS/ phone or otherwise of the signal wave in the air by using a mobile phone designed specially for measurement

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Drive Test Types

DRIVE TEST are used for outdoor as done in the car with the driving. There is another terms that is WALK TEST, from the name it self, we can already guess the understanding, which is conducted in an indoor with a walk

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Drive Test Purposes 1. To find out the condition of radiowaves signal in the BTS 2. Informing received power level ( Rx Level ). Quality of received signal (Rx Qual), interference, ms migration and other parameters (SQI, CSSR, CST, CCSR) 3. With the measurement result can then be decided whether a state of radio base to be feasible or necessary to an improvement.

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Position Drive Test at Planning and Optimization

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Equipment Standard Drive Test

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

A laptop has installed the software for a drive test User equipment / Mobile Station with software installed Program Support drivers, usb and data cable GPS Dongle Scanner

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Drive Test Parameters

Parameters for the verification of BTS data :

1. BCCH ( Broadcast Control Channel) 2. ARFCN ( Absolute Radio Frequency Channel) 3. CGI ( Cell Global Identify ) Which consist of : MCC ( Mobile Country code) MNC ( Mobile Network Code) LAC ( Local Area Code ) CI ( Cell ID ) 4. BSIC ( Base Station Identify Code ) 5. TA ( Timing Advance )

Parameters for the quality of GSM Network:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Rx Level Rx-Qual SQI ( Speech Quality Indicator ) CSSR ( Call Setup Succes Rate ) CST (Call Setup time ) CCSR ( Call Completion Success Rate ) HOSR ( Handover Success Rate)

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CONTENT

1. Basic Overview of GSM/2G & WCDMA/3G 2. Drive Test Introduction a. Drive Test Definition b. Types Drive Test c. Drive Test Purpose d. Equipment Standard Drive Test e. Drive Test Parameters 3. Tools Introduction a. Nemo Outdoor b. TEMS 4. Indoor Measurement 5. Some Rules Of Drive Testing 6. Hands On Operation

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR Installing the Nemo Outdoor Multi Device

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR

Nemo Outdoor Configuration

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Adding Devices Phone properties Antenna gain and antenna loss Measurement Properties Scanner Properties Map Properties Workspace and hardware configuration files

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR

Configuring Nemo Outdoor

There are three ways to configure Nemo Outdoor : - The welcome page offers an easy start-up of the system - An older user may want to use the load Device Configuration Dialog box - It is also possible to configure Nemo Outdoor manually

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR Connect all device components Check the settings of each port to which the component is connected Start nemo Outdoor Software Open : Configuration Manager You can add , remove and change properties. Or Select Measurement / Add New device All installed handler are listed here under categories

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR

Select the COM Port Check device status. If encountering problems with : e g. COM Ports, you can use the apply button to see if the COM port is working properly.

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR Measurement Properties General

Measurement Mode : - Call - Frequency Scan Network Name BTS File

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR Measurement Properties Configuration

Voice Number Data Number Video Number PDP Context Properties Data Protocols ICMP Ping PoC Testing SMS Testing MMS Testing

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR Measurement Properties Notifications

User can select a bitmap and/or audio notification for certain event. Bitmaps are shown on line graphs and map.
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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR Measurement Properties Scripts

Script files can be selected and edited for the device via measurement properties

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR Configuring Nemo Outdoor

Scanner properties : Select the COM Port Check Device Status. If encountering problems with for example, COM Ports, you can use the apply button to see if the COM port is working OK

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR Scanner Properties Measurement Properties - Scanner

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR Configuring Nemo Outdoor

Script editor : New, Open, Save, Save as..

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR

Configuring Nemo Outdoor GPS Configuration :

Select the GPS receiver and COM Port

Garmin GPS 35 Receiver Garmin III plUS Receiver Trimble Placer 455 DR GPS Any NMEA183 compatible GPS Receiver Company Confidential
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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR Configuring Nemo Outdoor

Map layer settings : Open a new map window Open properties

The appearing Properties dialog box Depends on which layer is selected in The map side panel. Measurement route BTS Route Plan

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR

Device Route line specific settings Route-specific line coloring settings

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR

Show textual notes Show Notifications Base station related properties

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Installing NEMO OUTDOOR Configuring Nemo Outdoor

With MapInfo vector maps you can Configure map layers. Map layers must be aved to the .gst file This information is not saved to workspace.

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Workspaces and Devices Configuration Workspace and Device Configuration Files Workspace : Device Configuration :

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Workspaces and Devices Configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface

Main window : Device info Status bar Output window Sript status Each window : Toolbar

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Workspaces and Devices Configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface (2)

Device Info Configuration : Device Info : View dev paramaters Define displayed parameters Configure notifications Control phone Configure measurement parameters

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Workspaces and Devices Configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface (3)

Status Bar Output window

Script status window

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Workspaces and Devices Configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface (4)

Toolbar : Toolbar tools vary between Different window types

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Workspaces and Devices Configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface (5)

Line Graphs allow the user to accurately observe the measurement Information. Zoom Threshold Scale Selectable parameters & values Selectable layers & values Average value presentation Displaying events & notifications

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Workspaces and Devices Configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface (6)

Line graph

Bar graph

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Workspaces and Devices Configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface (7)

Scatter Plot Scanning results

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Workspaces and Devices Configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface (8)

The user can easily select events, parameters, and statistics to be displayed on grid table. It is also possible to highlight certain events with color to improve the clarity of the result presented. Double-click on event to view more information about that particular event.

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Workspaces and Devices Configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface (9)

Parameters

Events

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Workspaces and Devices Configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface (10)

Decoded Layer2

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Workspaces and Devices Configuration Introduction to Graphical User Interface (11)

Layer3

Statistics

Decoded Layer3

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Basic Features Of Nemo Outdoor

Script Configuration (1)

Script Configuration (2)

Create a script by Adding function Items into the script Window.
Add Modify Delete Move up Move down Insert script Repeat script New,Open,Save, Save as

When the use device settings for script commands option is selected, the settings that have been configured in the Measurement Properties dialog are used for the script settings

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Basic Features Of Nemo Outdoor Successful Call Attempt and Completed Call

Call Attempt

Call is cleared by Nemo outdoor

Mobile is on TCH-channel Call Duration Mobile is in IDLE mode Waiting for the next call Delay before attempt New call attempt

TCH Channel Assignment

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Basic Features Of Nemo Outdoor Dropped Call

Call Attempt

Call is dropped
Mobile is on TCH-channel Call Duration Mobile is in IDLE mode Waiting for the next call Delay before attempt New call attempt

TCH Channel Assignment

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Basic Features Of Nemo Outdoor Unsuccessful Call Attempt

Call Attempt

Connection wait time expired Mobile is in IDLE mode Waiting for the next call Delay before attempt New call attempt

Mobile is trying to make call Connection wait time

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Basic Features Of Nemo Outdoor

GPRS data transfer scriipt can be used to simulated different traffic models, Such as HTTP, FTP, and e-mail. Some examples below :

The user can combine GPRS Attach/Detach, PDP Context Activate/Deactivate, and Send/Receive/Idle commands.

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Basic Features Of Nemo Outdoor Conditional Scripting Conditional scripting based on Notifications, e.g., wait until system change to UMTS

Until start a new call

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Basic Features Of Nemo Outdoor

Frequency Scanning with Scanner (2)
Measurement mode Advanced (DTI 3G scanners) Channel style Channel configuration Measurement period (Anritsu)

Frequency Scanning with Scanner (3)

Network name Channel style Channel configuration Sample size Decode BSICs/SATs/DVCCs DisplaysBSIC (for GSM), SAT (for AMPS), DVCC (IS-136) parameters in the frequency scanner window BSIC Threshold BCCH C/I Data mode

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Basic Features Of Nemo Outdoor Nemo Outdoor GPRS platform

Nemo Technologies End-to-End GPRS testing

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Basic Features Of Nemo Outdoor

Nemo Outdoor and MS BTS File (2)

Multiple routes Different terminals and systemns Line drawing to active and neighbor cells Different color coding for each route

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Basic Features Of Nemo Outdoor

Mandatory Parameters for GSM

Optional Parameters for GSM

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Basic Features Of Nemo Outdoor Parameter UMTS / 3G

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CONTENT

1. Basic Overview of GSM/2G & WCDMA/3G 2. Drive Test Introduction a. Drive Test Definition b. Types Drive Test c. Drive Test Purpose d. Equipment Standard Drive Test e. Drive Test Parameters 3. Tools Introduction a. Nemo Outdoor b. TEMS 4. Indoor Measurement 5. Some Rules Of Drive Testing 6. Hands On Operation

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Basic Introduction TEMS Investigation

S/W module : Data Collection and Route analysis Collect Real Time Air Interface Messages Data Logging Offline Analysis Filter Out and Presenting Air Interface Data Test Call and Identify Air Interface Problem Frequency Scanning Modified Layer 3 Control Statistical and Geography Reporting

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Basic Introduction TEMS Investigation

User Interface and Information Element (1)

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Basic Introduction TEMS Investigation

Info Element

Color

Size

Symbol

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Basic Introduction TEMS Investigation

Serving and Neighbour show information such as Cell name, BSIC, ARFCN, RxLev, C1 and C2, about the current serving cell and its neighbours

Radio Parameter : This window contains information about the radio environment

Current Channel : This windows shows information elements that are related to the channel, which for the time belong is used. Here you can get information about CGI, BSIC, BCCH, ARFCN, etc

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Basic Introduction TEMS Investigation

C/A : This window shows the level of interference from adjacent channels

C/I : is meant the carrier-to-interference ratio, that is the ratio between useful part of signal strength and the sum of the signal strengths of the undesired (interfering) signal components

Line Chart : This Windows shows almost all information elements that are related to serving, neighbour and radio situation in chart format

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Basic Introduction TEMS Investigation

Cell Data sample

Loading cell file

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Basic Introduction TEMS Investigation

Cell Data sample

Loading cell file

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Basic Introduction TEMS Investigation

Map preparation

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Basic Introduction TEMS Investigation

Three sector site

Omni cell

Selected Cell Layer

route

Line to the current serving cell

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Basic Introduction TEMS Investigation

Selected Cell Layer

Other cell uses the same BCCH

Selected BCCH

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Basic Introduction TEMS Investigation

These changes are easily performed by right-clicking the predefined window you want to modify Then click properties and perform the changes via the tabs in each window respectively.

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CONTENT

1. Basic Overview of GSM/2G & WCDMA/3G 2. Drive Test Introduction a. Drive Test Definition b. Types Drive Test c. Drive Test Purpose d. Equipment Standard Drive Test e. Drive Test Parameters 3. Tools Introduction a. Nemo Outdoor b. TEMS 4. Indoor Measurement 5. Some Rules Of Drive Testing 6. Hands On Operation

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Indoor Measurement

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Indoor Measurement

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Indoor Measurement

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CONTENT

1. Basic Overview of GSM/2G & WCDMA/3G 2. Drive Test Introduction a. Drive Test Definition b. Types Drive Test c. Drive Test Purpose d. Equipment Standard Drive Test e. Drive Test Parameters 3. Tools Introduction a. Nemo Outdoor b. TEMS 4. Indoor Measurement 5. Some Rules Of Drive Testing 6. Hands On Operation

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Some Rules of Drive Testing

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Some Rules of Drive Testing

The most important Rules..

DO NOT SLEEP IF YOU DOING DRIVE TEST !

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CONTENT

1. Basic Overview of GSM/2G & WCDMA/3G 2. Drive Test Introduction a. Drive Test Definition b. Types Drive Test c. Drive Test Purpose d. Equipment Standard Drive Test e. Drive Test Parameters 3. Tools Introduction a. Nemo Outdoor b. TEMS 4. Indoor Measurement 5. Some Rules Of Drive Testing 6. Hands On Operation
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Hands On Operation

Exercise !

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THANK YOU

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NEXT COURSE >> 2G/3G Post Processing

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