Socio-economic Survey of Dhaulvali Village Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
Vishal Singh
Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA) Indian Institute of Technology Bombay August 2013
Outline
Introduction and overview Location and setting Methodologies of study PRA tools and techniques Agriculture Water Energy Governance
2
Introduction
Rajapur Taluka
Ratnagiri Taluka
Arabian Sea
Rajapur
Kankawali Taluka
Shahuwadi Taluka
Latitude: 17o51 N to 19o80 N Longitude: 72o15 E to 73o40 E Area: 9599.96 Ha Soil: Gravel, clayey red (rich in P, K, low in N) Rainfall: 3500 mm avg. Max. Rain: 5195 mm (2009) Temp: 22oC to 40oC Terrain slopes: 33% to 3%
Rainfall
6000 5000
4000
3000
Avg. Rain Highest in 1 day
2000
1000
0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Temperature
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Temperature High
Temperature Low
Welcome to Dhaulvali
Location and setting
Dhaulvali, Maharashtra
10
About the Village
History Geological Location Terrain Climate Habitation
11
Habitations
12
Methodology
13
Objectives of the Village Report/Study
Understand and experience rural life Village dynamics and linkages Understanding of everyday rural resources and the underlying science Socio-economic structure of the village Technology interventions within the socio economic classes of the village Governmental and non-governmental organizations working in the studied areas To blend the classroom learning of system dynamics, technology interventions and social science research methods with field experience To practice PRA (Participatory Rural Activity) activities to get a detailed picture of the village, villagers and their daily activities Advantages and shortcomings of village life from a villagers perspective Economic analysis (directed research) Preparation Study Site Hosts
14
Methodologies of Study
Qualitative Research Methods
Participatory Rural Appraisal Focused Group Discussions Semi Formal Interviews
Quantitative Research Methods
Primary data collection - Questionnaire Survey Secondary data collection Analysis
15
Secondary Data Sources
Gram Panchayat Talathi Office Panlot Samiti Taluka Agriculture Office Zila Parishad Census of India, 2001 Sarpanch, Up Sarpanch Gram Sewak, Krishi Adhikari, Talathi
16
PRA Tools and Techniques
17
PRA Tools Used
Transect Walk Resource Map Social Map Seasonality Timeline Focused Group Discussions Problem Identification & Ranking Venn Diagrams Sampling based on caste and population Household personal interviews
18
Transect Walk
19
Dhaulvali: Habitations
The village Dhaulvali consists of a sum of twelve wadis which are listed as follows: Madhli Aayarwadi Bouddhawadi Lingayat Vathar Parwadi Tarbandar Gayal kokri Bhatlewadi Dalwiwadi Guravwadi Teliwadi Dhamapurkar wadi Marvelwadi
20
Transect Walk: Inferences
Location of rice fields Location of big farms Vegetation Livestock Animals
21
PRA Meeting at Parwadi
Social Split Monkey Problem Job Unavailability
22
PRA meet at Dalwiwadi
Political Issues Social concerns Livelihood
23
PRA Meet at Bouddhawadi
Old livelihood options A typical Family Today Social Status
24
Resource map: Parwadi
Cultivable Land Fallow Land Education
25
Resource Map: Dalwiwadi
Higher Education Jobs Health facilities
26
Social Map: Parwadi
Two general families, migrated Social Split
27
Social Map: Dalwiwadi
Homogeneity and unity Average farm size PWS Scheme
28
Bouddhawadi: Base Map
Social Development Employments and migration
29
Seasonality Chart
i ii iiii iiii iii ii - iii i ii iiii ii ii ii iii i i iiii ii ii iii iii i iii i ii i iii ii i iii iiii iii ii iiii iiii iii iii iiii iii i iii iii iii iii iii iiii iii i iii iiii ii i ii ii iii iiii i iiii ii i i ii iiii iiii i ii iii i
iii ii i iiii iii ii
iii i i iiii i iii ii
iii iii iiii
iii iiii iiii
30
Seasonality Patterns
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Agriculture
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Marriages/labor Festivities
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Migration Migration
31
Timeline
1600's 1940's
Habitation established
First mud road Land sealing: Recieved land Acquisition of lands Electricity in Ambelkarwadi
1956 1970 1978 1980 1995 1998 2000 2005 2012
First television
Two wheelers Car Landline connectivity Mobile phones Solar lamp posts installed
32
Focused Group Discussions
S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Problem Drinking water Quality Electricity Liquor consumption Unemployment & poverty Sanitation General medical facilities Veterinary facilities Irrigation Commodity unavailability Higher education in village Female 3 6 9 8 7 4 10 5 1 2 Male 9 2 10 3 8 4 7 6 5 1
33
Venn Diagram
34
Venn Diagram, Inferences
GP, Talathi office
Post Office, Nate
College, Jaitapur
Schools
Bank, Nate
Dhaulvali
PHC, Dhartale Hospital, Rajapur PDS Shop
Civil Hospital, Ratnagiri
Library
35
Sampling
36
Sampling
Study Area Population Category Holding Size 37
Division By Population
Dhaulvali
Dasurewadi
Total population - Females
Poklewadi
Total population - Males Total population - Persons Number of households
Bhablewadi
Ambelkarwadi
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
38
Division by Category
300 250
200
150
OBC
100
SC
General
50
39
Division by Holding Size
8%
20%
22%
Landless
Land holding<1 acre
Land holding > 1 & < 5 acres
Land holding >5acres
50%
40
Population division by age
0.14 0.04 0.14
0.14
0 to 6 6 to 16
16 to 30
30 to 60
0.54
60 and above
41
Decadal Growth (?) Dhaulvali
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1981 1000 800 600 400 200 1991 2001
0
Dhaulvali Dasurewadi Bhablewadi Poklewadi Ambelkarwadi
42
Agriculture and Livelihood
43
Farming Dependence
15% 25%
18%
Left farming Reduced farm land Share farming Farming whole land
42%
44
Annual food production of the village 2012 (Source: GP)
7% 5%
53% 35%
Mango Rice Nachni Cashew
45
Cropping Variety
Major crops
Mango Rice
Minor Crops Cash Crops Subsistence
Betelnuts Jackfruit Mango Cashew Rice Nachni
Cashew
Nachni
Coconot
46
Landholding Pattern
8%
20%
22%
Landless
Land holding<1 acre
Land holding > 1 & < 5 acres
Land holding >5acres
50%
47
Area under Cultivation
Cashew Mango
Summer veg
Groundnut
Production(MT) Area (Acres)
Rabi Veg
Nachni
Paddy
50
100
150
200
250
48
Income Pattern
120000 100000
80000
60000
Landless <1 Ha 1.01 to 2.0
40000
>2.0 Ha
20000
0 No. Of HH Agri Non-Agri Other Sources Total Avg. Expenses Surplus
-20000
49
Agriculture Details
Average farm size: 17.2 Guntha Average rice farm size: 5.4 Guntha Average Expenditure: Rs. 3500 per Guntha Urea usage: 10 kg per Guntha Average man days required: 14.4 per Guntha Average Produce: 9.7(6) Quintals per Guntha
50
PDS Requirements
Antyodaya Rice Wheat 25,000 kg 4,000 kg BPL 54,000 kg 6,000 kg APL 40,000 kg 10,000 kg
Palm oil
Pulses Kerosene Oil
1 kg per card
1 kg per card 2100 liter total
1 kg per card
1 kg per card
1 kg per card
1 kg per card
51
Lava flow farmlands
52
Water
53
Drinking Water
Name of Habitation
Madhali Ayarwadi Bhaudhhawadi Dhamapurkarwadi Parwadi Gayalkokari, Tarbandar Bhatalewadi Dalawiwadi Guravwadi Teliwadi Marwelwadi
Population
154 125 25 204 105 102 117 83 154 279
Drinking Water Source Drinking Water Facility
1 Bore well 1 Bore well 1 Dug well 2 Bore wells, 1 Dug well Surface water 1 Bore well, Natural stream 1 Bore well, 1 Dug well 1 Dug well 1 Bore well, 1 Dug well 2 Dug wells 2 HP Multi Village Scheme (MVS) 1 HP, PWS PWS PWS PWS 2 PWS
54
PWS PWS
Drinking Water Facility
7%
28%
PWS Dugwell
63%
HP MVS
2%
55
Average Time Required to Fetch Water
0.5 1 4 5 Dhamapur Parwadi Baoudhhawadi Teliwadi 1 1.7 0.9 1.1 2.0 3.0 Ayarwadi Dalwiwadi GayalKokari Tarbandar Bhatalewadi 2.1 Guravwadi
Time in Hrs
Marvelwadi
56
Average Distance Travelled to Fetch Water
30.0 Dhamapur 51.0 50
79.3
35 36.7 21.3 17.5 51.7
Parwadi Baoudhhawadi
Teliwadi
Guravwadi Ayarwadi Dalwiwadi GayalKokari Tarbandar Bhatalewadi
60.0
600.0
Distance in Ft
Marvelwadi
57
Water Supply Scheme, Bhatlewadi
58
Energy
59
Cooking Pattern
Average Time spent: 118.2 min Average water fetched: 20 liter Average family size: 4.83 Average fuel wood used:
2.07 kg per person per day 10 kg/day
60
Use of various sources for cooking
2% 3% 19%
Firewood
LPG Kerosene Gobar gas
76%
61
Electrification of Dhaulvali Village
1%
Electrified HH Non-electrified HH
99%
62
Fluctuations in Electricity Bills
44%
56% Fluctuatiing Bills Non-fluctuating Bills
63
Appliance Usage
No. of items
120 100
80
60 No. of items
40
20
0 Incandescant Bulb CFL Fan Television Mobile Electric Pump Biogas Plant Solar Plates
64
Firewood
Storage for the rains
65
Governance
66
Gram Panchayat
Member's Name Ward No. Post
Ms. Akshala A. Velye
Mr. Sanjay D. Kiranje Mr. Sachin P. Pawaskar Mr. Dilip D. Chowgule Mr. Ananta N. Petawe Ms. Vinita V. Ambelkar Ku. Sangita L. Saundalkar Ms. Namrata N. Ambelkar Mr. Prakash P. Aagar
4
2 3 4 3 1 2 1 4
Sarpanch
Up Sarpanch Member Member Member Member Member Member Member
Ms. Jayanti C. Bhable
Ms. Rasika R. Shivgan Mr. S. R. Kale
3
2
Member
Member Gram Sewak
67
Sub Committees of GP
Sub Committees Chairman Member 1 Member 2 Ms. Jayanti C. Bhable Mr. Dilip D. Chowgule Mr. Sanjay D. Kiranje
Ms. Akshala A. Velye
Mr. Sanjay D. Kiranje
Ms. Namrata N. Ambelkar Ms. Vinita V. Ambelkar
Mr. Ananta N. Petawe
Mr. Prakash P. Aagar Ms. Akshala A. Velye
Ms. Rasika R. Shivgan Ku. Sangita L. Saundalkar
Ms. Akshala A. Velye
Mr. Ananta N. Petawe
Mr. Dilip D. Chowgule Ku. Sangita L. Saundalkar Ms. Akshala A. Velye Mr. Sachin P. Pawaskar
Ms. Namrata N. Ambelkar Ms. Jayanti C. Bhable Mr. Sanjay D. Kiranje
68
Other Employees
Office post . Office holder Mr. Rupesh C. Jadhav Mr. Sudhakar V. Gurav Mr. Sudhakar L. Jadhav Mr. Vishal R. Rane
Mr. Dipesh A. Mandavkar
Mr. Mahesh Sawant M. Gajanan R. Lingayat
[1]
*Mr. Lingayat was relieved from duty on 14th May; Office held by Mr. Suryakant Shinkar (temporary)
69
Other Random facts
70
Castes
(Brahmin) (Hindu Gurav) (Hindu Bhandari) (Hindu Nabhi) (Hindu Tilori Kunbi) (Hindu Teli) (Nav Buddha) (Hindu Chambar)
71
Area of villages in Dhaulvali GP
536
1195
297
Ambelkarwadi Bhablewadi
Poklewadi
Dasurewadi
118
Dhaulvali
95
72
Population of villages, Dhaulvali GP
73
Area per inhabitant: Dhaulvali GP
74
New well at Teliwadi, Dhaulvali
Repeated requests Donation of land and labor Solution
75
Library
Old and decrepit Liked by people Scope of improvement
76
Directed Research
Economic Prospects of Dhaulvali Village
77
Stakeholders of the village economy
Inhabitants Emigrants Big farm owners Enterprises in Dhaulvali Local Businesses
78
The Three Tier Structure
0.14
0.04 0.14
0.14
0 to 6 6 to 16 16 to 30 30 to 60 60 and above
0.54
79
Population Growth, Dhaulvali
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1981 1000 800 600 400 200 1991 2001
0
Dhaulvali Dasurewadi Bhablewadi Poklewadi Ambelkarwadi
80
Household
200
180
160
140
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Male
Female
81
Landholding pattern in Dhaulvali
8%
20%
22%
Landless
Land holding<1 acre
Land holding > 1 & < 5 acres Land holding >5acres
50%
82
Farming Dependence
15% 25%
18%
Left farming Reduced farm land Share farming Farming whole land
42%
83
Migration Statistics, Dhaulvali GP
250 200 150
Female
100
Male Total
50
Total
0
Dhaulvali Ambelkarwadi Poklewadi Bhablewadi Dasurewadi
Male
Female
84
Big Farms
100% 90% 80%
70%
60% 50% 40% Cashew Nachni Rice Mango
30%
20% 10% 0% Dhaulwalli
Poklewadi
Ambelkarwadi Bhablewadi Dasurewadi
85
Non Farm Enterprises, Dhaulvali
1 1 1 8 General store 6
Flour mill/rice mill
Dairy farm Spice mill Fruit juice Auto-rickshaw 2 1 2 4 Furniture wood Building contractor Poultry
86
Nate Market Ecosystem
87
Enterprise Diversity
25 20
15
10
Series1
88
Parameters of the village economy
Sources of income Agriculture Business Cooperatives Wage labor Migration Enterprise Services Expenditure Taxes House Water Food Electricity Other utilities
89
Livelihood Source
1 9 11
41
Business Cooperatives
Agriculture/ Wage labor
Migration 36 Enterprise Services
90
Parameters influencing local economy
Climate/weather Geography Mindsets/traditional practices Social/political constraints
91
NREGA
250 200 150 Female 100 50 Total 0 Dhaulvali Ambelkarwadi Poklewadi Bhablewadi Dasurewadi Male Female Male
Total
92
Integrated Watershed Management Program (IWMP)
Sericulture Bee keeping Small ruminants Livestock Fisheries Biofuels Carpentry Masonry Home gardening
93
Improving the Rural Investment Climate for Businesses
Increase Market Demand Access to Marketplace and Market information Access to Finance Business Services
94
Constructional Equipment
95
Shell fishing
96
Trawler Making
Large trawlers (70 ft), Capacity 20 tons Investment: Rs. 500 000/ 8-9 Months Lifetime: 20 years SPP: 3.5 years 97
Prawns Farming
Ponds (4000 sf, 6-8 ft deep) Capital investment: Rs 1.2M Working capital: Rs.4 M SPP: 4 years 98
THANK YOU
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