SQL 2000 SRV 2 fundamentalna servisa: 1. Sql Server 2.

Sql Srv 00 Analysis Services

Sql Server KOMPONENTE:

KOMPONENTE:

SQL Server 2000 relational database engine

Engine je R !"S #$ji mena%ira i s&rema &$dat#e u relacijs#eta'ele. R !"S je s#ra(enica )a Relati$nal ata'ase "anagement System * Sistem

za

upravljanje relacionim bazama podataka.

Sva#a ta'ela ima #$l$ne: atri'ut #a$ n&r. !r. +$risni#a, ime #$risni#a, adresa...Red: entite tj. single $ccurrence .n&r.cust$mer num'er 1/01221-. Relati$nal data'ase engine je di)ajniran )a s&remanje sl$g$va transa#cija generirani3 $nline transa#cijama 4L56 sistema #a$ i $nline anali)a 4LA6 #$ji )a3tijevaju data 7are3$uses. 4LA6 * anali)a &$data#a, i)vje8(a, $'rada veli#e #$li9ine &$data#a 4L56 * veli# 'r$j transa#cija $d #$ji3 sva#a sadr:ava malu #$li9inu &$data#a

SQL Server 2000 Analysis Services

Slu:i )a anali)u s&remljeni3 &$data#a u data 7are3$uses and data marts $n SQL Server 2000. data are!o"ses

Skladitenje podataka je &r$ces integracije &$data#a $ &$sl$vanju ne#e $rgani)acije u jednu 'a)u &$data#a .u l$gi9#$m smislu-, i) #$je #rajnji #$risnici * analiti9ari, menad:eri, d$n$sitelji &$sl$vni3 $dlu#a * m$gu raditi i)vje8(a, &$stavljati u&ite i anali)irati &$dat#e. data #art S#ladi8te &$data#a se 9est$ sast$ji $d ra)li9iti3 manji3 s#u&$va &$data#a #$je m$:em$ na)vati &$dru9nim s#ladi8tima &$data#a.

A$$lication S"$$ort

Transact-SQL
Stru#tuirani u&itni je)i# . Structured Query Language, SQL- jeste je)i# )a )adavanje u&ita nad 'a)$m &$data#a. %Pat! q"eries &indo s data access inter'aces: suc3 as "icr$s$ft Active; ata 4'jects .A 4-, 4LE !, $r 4&en ata'ase <$nnectivity .4 !<- t$ send 5ransact*SQL statements $r ;6at3 queries t$ t3e relati$nal data'ase engine using a native 4LE ! &r$vider $r 4 !< driver. A client a&&licati$n can als$ use =y&erte>t 5ransfer 6r$t$c$l .=556- t$ send 5ransact* SQL statements $r ;6at3 queries t$ t3e relati$nal data'ase engine.

Additional (o#$onents
SQL Server 2000 )ata Trans'or#ation Services *)TS+ SQL Server 2000 ,e$lication SQL Server 2000 Englis! Q"ery Meta )ata Services

-i.i/0a str"0t"ra ba.e:

Sva#a 'a)a ima 'arem 1 data file i 1 transa#cijs#i l$g file. 5$ se ?E @AEL@ sa $stalima 'a)ama. Ba '$lje &ref$manse i )a $'$gu(avanje fault t$leranciju ,data i l$g files su $'i9n$ smje8teni #r$) vi8e drivea i na RA@ dis#$ve.

Pages and E1tents

53e fundamental unit $f data st$rage in "icr$s$ftC SQL ServerD is t3e $age. @n SQL Server 2000, t3e $age si.e is 2 K3. 53is means SQL Server 2000 data'ases 3ave 422 $ages $er #egabyte.

Extents 8 pages u sljedu

53e start $f eac3 &age is a EF*'yte 3eader used t$ st$re system inf$rmati$n, suc3 as t3e ty&e $f &age, t3e am$unt $f free s&ace $n t3e &age, and t3e $'ject @ $f t3e $'ject $7ning t3e &age. 53e ta'le s3$7s eig3t ty&es $f &ages in t3e data files $f a SQL Server 2000 data'ase. Page ty$e ata @nde> 5e>tG@mage (ontents ata r$7s 7it3 all data e>ce&t te>t, nte>t, and image data. @nde> entries. 5e>t, nte>t, and image data.

Hl$'al All$cati$n "a&, @nf$rmati$n a'$ut all$cated e>tents. Sec$ndary Hl$'al All$cati$n "a& 6age Iree S&ace @nde> All$cati$n "a& !ul# <3anged "a& ifferential <3anged "a& @nf$rmati$n a'$ut free s&ace availa'le $n &ages. @nf$rmati$n a'$ut e>tents used 'y a ta'le $r inde>. @nf$rmati$n a'$ut e>tents m$dified 'y 'ul# $&erati$ns since t3e last !A<+J6 L4H statement. @nf$rmati$n a'$ut e>tents t3at 3ave c3anged since t3e last !A<+J6 A5A!ASE statement.

L$g files d$ n$t c$ntain &ages t3ey c$ntain a series $f l$g rec$rds. ?e sadr:i &ages ve( ni) l$g )a&isa. ata &ages c$ntain all t3e data in data r$7s e>ce&t te>t, nte>t, and image data, 73ic3 is st$red in se&arate &ages. ata r$7s are &laced serially $n t3e &age starting immediately after t3e 3eader. A r$7 $ffset ta'le starts at t3e end $f t3e &age. 53e r$7 $ffset ta'le c$ntains $ne entry f$r eac3 r$7 $n t3e &age and eac3 entry rec$rds 3$7 far t3e first 'yte $f t3e r$7 is fr$m t3e start $f t3e &age. 53e entries in t3e r$7 $ffset ta'le are in reverse sequence fr$m t3e sequence $f t3e r$7s $n t3e &age.

R$7s cann$t s&an &ages in SQL Server. @n SQL Server 2000, t3e ma>imum am$unt $f data c$ntained in a single r$7 is 20F0 'ytes, n$t including te>t, nte>t, and image data.

E1tents are t3e 'asic unit in 73ic3 s&ace is all$cated t$ ta'les and inde>es.

Extents 8 pages u

sljedu
An e>tent is 2 c$ntigu$us &ages, $r F1 +!. 53is means SQL Server 2000 data'ases 3ave 1F e>tents &er mega'yte. 5$ ma#e its s&ace all$cati$n efficient, SQL Server 2000 d$es n$t all$cate entire e>tents t$ ta'les 7it3 small am$unts $f data. SQL Server 2000 3as t7$ ty&es $f e>tents: 5ni'or# e>tents are $7ned 'y a single $'jectK all eig3t &ages in t3e e>tent can $nly 'e used 'y t3e $7ning $'ject. Mi1ed e>tents are s3ared 'y u& t$ eig3t $'jects. A ne7 ta'le $r inde> is usually all$cated &ages fr$m mi>ed e>tents. L3en t3e ta'le $r inde> gr$7s t$ t3e &$int t3at it 3as eig3t &ages, it is s7itc3ed t$ unif$rm e>tents. @f y$u create an inde> $n an e>isting ta'le t3at 3as en$ug3 r$7s t$ generate eig3t &ages in t3e inde>, all all$cati$ns t$ t3e inde> are in unif$rm e>tents.

Transaction Log Files

?ala)i se na 1 ili vi8e $dv$jenim fi)i9#i fajl$vima.?e sadr:i &ages ve( l$g )a&is u slijedu. Ba '$lje &ref$manse smje8ta se na $dv$jeni dis# $d data files i 9est$ je na RA@ u.

Logical Structure of a Database

Tables A ta'le generally c$nsists $f c$lumns and r$7s $f data in a f$rmat similar t$ t3at $f a s&reads3eet. Eac3 r$7 in t3e ta'le re&resents a unique rec$rd, and eac3 c$lumn re&resents a field 7it3in t3e rec$rd. A data ty&e s&ecifies 73at ty&e $f data can 'e st$red in a c$lumn. 6ie s Vie7s can restrict t3e r$7s $r t3e c$lumns $f a ta'le t3at are visi'le, $r can c$m'ine data fr$m multi&le ta'les t$ a&&ear li#e a single ta'le. A vie7 can als$ aggregate c$lumns. 7nde1es An inde> is a structure ass$ciated 7it3 a ta'le $r vie7 t3at s&eeds retrieval $f r$7s fr$m t3e ta'le $r vie7. 5a'le inde>es are eit3er clustered $r n$nclustered. <lustering means t3e data is &3ysically $rdered 'ased $n t3e inde> #ey. Keys A #ey is a c$lumn $r gr$u& $f c$lumns t3at uniquely identifies a r$7 .6R@"ARM +EM-, defines t3e relati$ns3i& 'et7een t7$ ta'les .I4RE@H? +EM-, $r is used t$ 'uild an inde>. 5ser8de'ined data ty$es A user*defined data ty&e is a cust$m data ty&e, 'ased $n a &redefined SQL Server 2000 data ty&e. @t is used t$ ma#e a ta'le structure m$re meaningful t$ &r$grammers and 3el& ensure t3at c$lumns 3$lding similar classes $f data 3ave t3e same 'ase data ty&e. Stored $roced"res A st$red &r$cedure is a gr$u& $f 5ransact*SQL statements c$m&iled int$ a single e>ecuti$n &lan. 53e &r$cedure is used f$r &erf$rmance $&timi)ati$n and t$ c$ntr$l access. (onstraints <$nstraints define rules regarding t3e values all$7ed in c$lumns and are t3e standard mec3anism f$r enf$rcing data integrity. )e'a"lts A default s&ecifies 73at values are used in a c$lumn in t3e event t3at y$u d$ n$t s&ecify a value f$r t3e c$lumn 73en y$u are inserting a r$7. Triggers A trigger is a s&ecial class $f st$red &r$cedure defined t$ e>ecute aut$matically 73en an UPDATE, INSERT, $r DELETE statement is issued against a ta'le $r vie7. 5ser8de'ined '"nctions A user*defined functi$n is a su'r$utine made u& $f $ne $r m$re 5ransact*SQL statements used t$ enca&sulate c$de f$r reuse. A functi$n can 3ave a ma>imum $f 1021 in&ut &arameters. Jserdefined functi$ns can 'e used in &lace $f vie7s and st$red &r$cedures.

Security Architecture?
2 niv$ security: * Authentication

- Authorization
53e 'irst level $f security is aut3enticati$n. A"t!entication determines 73et3er t3e user 3as a valid l$gin acc$unt t$ c$nnect t$ an instance $f SQL Server 2000. 53e second level $f security is aut3$ri)ati$n, 73ic3 is als$ called &ermissi$n validati$n. A"t!ori.ation determines 73at activities t3e user can &erf$rm in 73ic3 data'ases after 'eing aut3enticated 'y SQL Server 2000.

A"tenti'i0aci9a je &r$vjera login 7d.

2 ti$a: &indo s i Server &in a"tenti'i0aci9a ! administrat$r m$:e dati d$)v$lu )a #$ne#ciju na instancu sql servera #r$) 7ind$7s user i gru&e. Ba validaciju &$tvrdu net7$r# username 'e) &as7$rda se )$ve trusted c$nnecti$n. SQL server a"tenti'i0aci9a je ne$visna $d 7ind$7s user i gru&a. 2 #oda autentifi#acije : 8 &indo s a"tent: Mod i #i1ed #od: Lind$7s autentifi#acija &r$vjerava &remissi$n, d$)v$lu. Jser se u t$m m$du #$ne#tira na server sam$ sa &rija8nj$m autentifi#acij$m 7in 2000 ili 7in nt 1.0 user ac$unt 'e) &r$vjere &as7$rda. +$d "i>ed m$da &r$vjerava se Server l$gin a#$unt i &as7$rd.

A"tori.aci9a

Aedn$m #ada je SQL Server autentificira$ usera, SQL Server $dre%uje #$ji (e l$gin @ 'iti $vla8ten,aut$ri)iran )a i)vr8avanje 'il$ #$je a#tivn$sti u 'a)i. L$gin @ sam &$ se'i ne daje user d$)v$le )a &ristu& $'je#tu u 'a)i ve( d$)v$ljava useru &r$sljediti )a sljede(i #$ra# #$ji je aut$ri)acija, $vla8tenje ili &remissi$n, d$)v$la &r$vjera valjan$sti. JSER A<<4J?5 A admin m$ra &$ve)ati l$gin @ sa user @ u 'a)i &rije 'il$ #$je #$ne#cije sa tim l$gin$m @ .

HJES5 JSER A<<4J?5 L$gin @ nije e#s&licitn$ ve)an sa user @ u 'a)i, ve( sa guset user @ . A#$ 'a)a ima guest user a#$unt l$g$n je $grani9en na &rava #$ja &ri&adaju guest useru. A#$ 'a)a nema guest user a#$unta l$gi ne m$:e &ristu&iti 'a)i $sim a#$ nije &$ve)an sa $dre%enim user @ . R4LES R$le s#u&ljaju usere u sam$stalnu jedinicu &rema #$jima se setiraju d$)v$le.

hoosing an Authentication !ode

SQL Server 2000 supports two authentication modes, indows Authentication !ode and !i"ed !ode. #he de$ault authentication mode $or SQL Server 2000 is indows Authentication !ode. hen this mode is used, the onl% users who can connect to SQL Server 2000 are users who have been previousl% authenticated b% the indows operatin& s%stem. #his is called Windows Authentication. hen indows Authentication is used, SQL Server accepts trusted connections $rom the indows operatin& s%stem. #he alternative authentication mode is !i"ed !ode. #his means that SQL Server 2000 will use one o$ two methods o$ authentication. #he $irst method is to rel% on the indows operatin& s%stem to authenticate users. #he second method is $or SQL Server 2000 to authenticate users directl% based on the submission o$ a user name and password to SQL Server 2000 b% the client application attemptin& to &ain access. #his is called SQL Server Authentication. "ote hen the 'ersonal (dition o$ SQL Server 2000 is installed on indows !( or indows )*, SQL Server authentication must be used. #his is because the server side o$ the trusted connection A'+ is not supported on these indows operatin& s%stems.

ollation Settings
Collation definira kako e se podaci usporeivati i sortitati. The collation order specified here determines the default code page and sort order for all non-UNICODE characters and is the UNICODE collation order for all !" erver s#stem data$ases. The sort order determines %hether operations on #our data %ill $e case-sensitive or not. You can always reconfigure your server for a different collation/sort order later. There is a high price to payyou have to rebuild all your databases and possibly lose some data.

Deciding on a

lient Licensing !ode

SQL Server 2000 supports two client licensin& modes, per processor and per seat. ith per-processor licensin&, %ou need a license on the server runnin& SQL Server 2000 $or each processor on the computer. +$ this client licensin& mode is selected, no additional licenses are needed $or an% clients connectin& to this installation o$ SQL Server 2000. #his client licensin& mode is intended to be most cost-e$$ective $or installations with lar&e numbers o$ users, particularl% anon%mous +nternet users. ith per-seat licensin&, each client connectin& to an installation o$ SQL Server 2000 must have a separate -lient Access License .-AL/. #his client licensin& mode is intended to be most cost-e$$ective $or installations with a small to medium number o$ de$ined users connectin& to more than one server. #he Licensin& !ode option is not available when installin& the (nterprise Evaluation edition. 'er seat is the licensin& mode $or the (nterprise (valuation edition.

#sing Default$ "a%ed$ and !ultiple &nstances of S'L Ser(er )***

SQL Server 2000 supports the installation o$ multiple instances .kopije/ o$ SQL Server 2000. #his means that multiple instances o$ the SQL Server and SQL Server A&ent services, as well as s%stem and user databases, are supported. #his allows multiple versions o$ SQL Server to coe"ist. 0owever, only one version of SQL Server tools and utilities is supported. SQL Server 2000 tools and utilities replace tools and utilities $rom earlier versions o$ SQL Server, even i$ the earlier version is not up&raded. 1se multiple instances onl% where appropriate, such as testin& new versions o$ SQL Server or development databases and applications.
"icr$s$ft calls t3e 'irst installation o' SQL Server on a #ac!ine t!e default instance. Eac3 named instance 3as a different l$cati$n f$r &r$gram files and data files t3at is different fr$m t3at $f t3e $t3er instances $f SQL Server. 53e direct$ries l$$# li#e t3is: .E>ecuta'le files;Progra# -iles;Microso't SQL Server;MSSQL<Na#eO'7nstance;3inn ?a m$m #$m&u: ):;Progra# -iles;Microso't SQL Server;MSSQL;3inn and: . ata files;Progra# -iles;Microso't SQL Server;MSSQL<Na#eO'7nstance;)ata ?a m$m #$m&u: ):;Progra# -iles;Microso't SQL Server;MSSQL;)ata 53$se c$mm$n t$$ls f$r all instances are l$cated in t3e n$rmal N6r$gram IilesN"icr$s$ft SQL ServerN20N5$$ls direct$ry

How do you identify the named instances from a client? #he named instances are identi$ied b% the network name o$ the computer plus the instance name, like this,
Na#eO'(o#$"ter;Na#eO'7nstance S$ my test system instance called ?e7Server 'ec$mes: !J<+5ES5N?ELSERVER N2=0>);MSSQL

2or each named instance o$ SQL Server that %ou install, the de$ault directories are,
N6r$gram IilesN"icr$s$ft SQL ServerN"SSQLO@nstance?ameN!inn f$r e>ecuta'le files. N6r$gram IilesN"icr$s$ft SQL ServerN"SSQLO@nstance?ameN ata f$r data files

Shared tools $or all instances, both de$ault and named instances, are located in the 3'ro&ram 2iles3!icroso$t SQL Server3*03#ools director%. 4ou can speci$% $ile paths other than the de$ault locations $or pro&ram and data $ile $or multiple instances. #he $ollowin& illustration shows the simplest case o$ multiple instances o$ !icroso$t SQL Server 2000, the de$ault instance and one named instance, Instance . A named instance has its own $ull set o$ data $iles and e"ecutable $iles. -ommon $iles used b% both the de$ault instance and an% named instances are installed in the $older 3'ro&ram 2iles3!icroso$t SQL Server3*0.

#nderstanding #ni+ue

o%ponents ,et-een &nstances

hen %ou install multiple instances o$ SQL Server 2000 .or SQL Server 2000 and either SQL Server 5.6 and 7.0/, s%stem and user databases are uni8ue and completel% independent o$ each other. #here is no direct connection between s%stem or user databases in one instance and s%stem and user databases in another instance. #hese databases $unction as i$ the% were residin& on separate SQL Server installations. Each instance has its own SQL Server and SQL Server !"ent services . 2or the de$ault instance, the names o$ these services are #SSQLServer and SQLServer-!"ent. 2or named instances, the names o$ these services are #SSQL$instancename and SQL!"ent$instancename. #he database en&ine $or each instance is con$i&ured completel% independentl% o$ an% other instance. 9obs on one instance have no knowled&e o$ and do not interact with jobs on an% other instance.
jeljene #$m&$nente:

S'L Ser(er )*** Setup .rogra% Log Files

#hese three $iles are primaril% use$ul $or !icroso$t 'roduct Support: however, reviewin& them mi&ht &ive %ou some clue re&ardin& where setup is $ailin&, #hese are the S%lstp.lo", the Setup.lo"& and the SearchSetup.lo" $iles. An% te"t editor can read these $iles. #he S%lstp.lo" $ile is located in the 3 innt or 3 indows $older and lo&s errors encountered durin& the con$i&uration portion o$ the Setup pro&ram. #he Setup.lo" $ile is also located in the 3 innt or 3 indows $older and lo&s the completion or $ailure o$ setup, and records an% relevant in$ormation. #he SearchSetup.lo" $ile is located in the 3 innt3#emp $older and lo&s errors encountered durin& the con$i&uration o$ the !icroso$t Search service. #he Setup pro&ram starts and stops SQL Server 2000 durin& installation and lo&s this process, includin& an% errors. (ach instance o$ SQL Server 2000 has its own lo& $ile. A new lo& $ile is created each time SQL Server 2000 starts. 2or the de$ault instance, the current lo& $ile is '(ro"ram )iles'#icrosoft SQL Server'#ss%l'Lo"'Errorlo". 2or a named instance, the current lo& $ile is '(ro"ram )iles'#icrosoft SQL Server'#ss%l$Instance-Name'Lo"'Errorlo". 4ou can view these lo&s usin& SQL Server (nterprise !ana&er or an% te"t editor. ;uva se zadnjih 5 error lo&ova sa e"tenzijom od < = 5. !o&u promjeniti br. ;uvanja lo&ova b% ri&ht-clickin& SQL Server Lo"s in bSQL Server (nterprise !ana&er and then clickin& *onfi"ure.

s&PcyclePerr$rl$g Errorlo& has $een reinitiali'ed.

ee previous lo& for older entries. av lo& (e spreml(en kao stari i otvara novi

Stoppin& and restartin& the SQL Server service b% usin& the sp_cycle_errorlog s%stem stored procedure. This is useful on a busy system where the error lo" file can become %uite lar"e.

/e(ie-ing the /esults of &nstallation

A$ter a new installation o$ SQL Server 2000 .not an up&rade/, the de$ault $older location $or all $iles and $olders added to the indows $ile s%stem is the '(ro"ram )iles'#icrosoft SQL Server $older on the same partition as the indows operatin& s%stem. ithin this $older, two sub$olders are created. #he $irst sub$older is called +,. #his $older and its sub$olders contain the shared $iles that are common between all instances o$ SQL Server 2000. #he location $or this $older cannot be chan&ed. A second $older containin& pro&ram and data $iles that are uni8ue $or each SQL Server 2000 instance. #he de$ault location $or this $older is 3'ro&ram 2iles3!icroso$t SQL Server: however, %ou can chan&e this de$ault durin& setup. #his is also the de$ault location $or all newl% created user databases $or the SQL Server instance. The folder name for the default instance is #ss%l and $or a named instance is #ss%l$InstanceName. 'ro&ram $ile settin&s and databases $or each instance are uni8ue and are contained in this separate sub$older tree.

0hat .er%issions 0ere Set on /egistry 1eys

Str. *>

hen addin& these re&istr% ke%s, the SQL Server Setup pro&ram &enerall% limits read or write access to these ke%s to the SQL Server services domain user account and members o$ the local Administrators &roup .and sometimes the S%stem &roup/. 2or certain ke%s, read access is &ranted to authenticated users and members o$ the local 'ower 1sers &roup. +n addition, owners o$ objects ma% have access to subke%s throu&h the -reator ?wner &roup i$ the% are &ranted permission to create objects. @% de$ault, the SQL Server services domain user account and members o$ the local Administrators &roup have 2ull -ontrol access to these re&istr% ke%s and their subke%s.

Lesson Su%%ary
#he SQL Server 2000 Setup pro&ram installs SQL Server 2000 $iles into a number o$ di$$erent $older structures. ?ne $older structure .3'ro&ram 2iles3!icroso$t SQL Server3*0/ contains the $iles common to all SQL Server 2000 instances on the computer. Another $older structure .either 3'ro&ram 2iles3!icroso$t SQL Server3!SSQL or 3'ro&ram 2iles3!icroso$t SQL Server3!ss8lAInstanceName/ contains the pro&ram and data $iles uni8ue to the particular SQL Server 2000 instance. ?n an B#2S partition, the Setup pro&ram secures the $older structure containin& the pro&ram and data $ile $olders b% limitin& access permissions to this $older structure to the SQL Server services domain user account and members o$ the local Administrators &roup. +n addition, the Setup pro&ram adds and limits access to a number o$ ke%s in the indows re&istr%. +t also ensures that the SQL Server services domain user account has write access to two e"istin& re&istr% ke%s. 2inall%, the !icroso$t SQL Server pro&ram &roup is created containin& shortcuts to the most commonl% used SQL Server 2000 e"ecutable pro&rams and wizards, as well as to @ooks ?nline.