Anti-angiogenic and Antibacterial Property of Bangus (Chanos chanos) Bile
Jared Carlo O. Enrile, Joegin Christian Lim, and Lloyd Joshua Go Category: Life Science Sector: Biochemistry Region, City/ unici!ality: Region "#, General Santos City Corres!onding $uthor%s E&mail: Enrile.Jared'yahoo.com (ey)ords: $nti&angiogenic* $nti+acterial ABSTRACT ,he mil-fish is an im!ortant seafood in Southeast $sia and some .acific /slands. Because mil-fish is notorious for +eing much +onier than other food fish, de+oned mil-fish, called 0+oneless +angus0 in the .hili!!ines, has +ecome !o!ular in stores and mar-ets, yet +angus +ile is not gi1en im!ortance and is +eing thro)n a)ay. ,he !ro!onents further in1estigate the uses of this 2left o1er3 to !ro1ide usage for this s!ecimen, one of those is anti& carcinogenic )hich )as conducted +y the researchers +y using Chorioallantoic em+rane 4C$ 5 $ssay. ,he !ro!onents gathered Bangus +ile from the !u+lic mar-et to +e used for the e6!eriment. ,he Bangus +ile )ere then air dried to remo1e moisture. $fter drying, the !ro!onents too- the e6tract of the +angus +ile through methanol soa-ing. ,he !ro!onents +ought #7 8uc- eggs from a !rofessional +reeder. 9uic-ly thereafter, the !ro!onents made three treatments, Bangus +ile e6tract, !ositi1e control 4Sim1astatin5 and a negati1e control 4)ater5. ,hen, filter !a!ers )ere soa-ed on each treatment and !laced on the C$ layer of the egg. ,he eggs )ere then :uic-ly sealed and incu+ated for another ";; hours. $fter the incu+ation !rocess, the +lood 1essels of the treated eggs )ere o+ser1ed under a microsco!e and com!ared to the control unit. ,he anti&angiogenic screening of the +angus +ile e6tract sho)ed a significant result in decreasing the num+er of +lood 1essels in the em+ryo of the duc- egg +ased on the re<ection of the null hy!othesis in the analysis of 1ariance. =or anti&+acterial screening, the !ro!onents used three treatments& Bangus +ile e6tract, negati1e control 4)ater5 and !ositi1e control 4$mo6icillin5. Each treatment has three re!lications. Results sho)ed >ones of inhi+ition in +oth Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli )hich can +e com!ared to the !ositi1e control. ,hus, the !ro!onents concluded that the methanol e6tract of Bangus +ile, has an anti+acterial and anti&angiogenic !ro!erty* therefore can +e used as a much chea!er alternati1e to commercial medicine.
/?,RO8@C,/O? $ngiogenesis sim!ly means the formation of ne) +lood 1essels. /n a more s!ecific definition it is a !hysiological !rocess in1ol1ing the gro)th of ne) +lood 1essels from !re&e6isting 1essels, es!ecially +lood 1essels that su!!ly o6ygen and nutrients to cancerous tissues. /t is a normal !rocess in gro)th and de1elo!ment of the em+ryo and fetus, as )ell as in )ound healing. Ao)e1er, this is also a fundamental ste! in the transition of tumors from a dormant state to a malignant state. Be can sim!ly find out if an o+<ect can cure or lessen the effects of certain cancers, +y the means of +lood 1essel count. ,his is done due to the fact that )ithout the +lood 1essels, the cancer tissues )hich are !resent in our +ody cannot and )ill not e6ist, these
+lood 1essels su!!ly the needed nutrients for the cancer tissues. =urthermore, angiogenesis cannot +e done )ith non&fertile eggs +ecause )ith these -inds of eggs, there is no s!erm cell and egg cell formation. METH ! " #$ =irstly, Bangus Bile 4Chanos chanos5 )as dried to remo1e un!leasant odor +y means of air drying. 8ried Bangus +ile )as crushed using mortar and !estle and then a "CmL 1olume of distilled )ater )ere added to the !o)dered +ile then used for e6!erimentation.
/n the anti+acterial screening, ueller Ainton $gar )as mi6ed )ith distilled )ater. ,hen, it )as heated on the hot !late. ?ine .etri
8ishes, along )ith the inoculating loo! and the ueller Ainton $gar )ere sterili>ed in the autocla1e. ,he .etri dishes )ere di1ided into three treatments & )ater, +angus +ile and $mo6icillin. $lso, the .etri dishes )ere further la+eled as !ositi1e for Sta!hylococcus aureus and negati1e for Escherichia coli.
,he ueller Ainton $gar )as !oured on the three .etri dishes for E. coli, three for S. aureus and three for P. aurigenosa. =ilter !a!ers )ere soa-ed in the Bangus +ile, )ater and dissol1ed amo6icillin. Bhen the agar solidified, these treated !a!er discs )ere then !laced on each of the three re!lications. $fter #; hours, the >one of inhi+ition of each treatment )as then measured )ith the use of the Dernier Cali!er. =irst and foremost, the !ro!onents +ought fresh 8uc- eggs from a !rofessional handler. $fter !urchasing the duc- eggs, they )ere :uic-ly incu+ated using the incu+ator of their school. ,)el1e filter !a!ers )ere then used, three for each treatment. /t )as di!!ed onto the said concentration. ,he soa-ed filter !a!ers )ere then !laced on the C$ layer of the eggs and )ere sealed tightly to a1oid unnecessary entry of +acteria. $fter !lacing the filter !a!er on the C$ of the eggs, the eggs )ere then incu+ated for ";; hours and )ere closely o+ser1ed. ,he 8uc- eggs )ere then remo1ed after the said time !eriod and the contents )ere closely o+ser1ed on a .etri dish. Sam!les of the +lood 1essels of the eggs )ere then ta-en and o+ser1ed under the microsco!e. ,hrough +lood 1essel count, )e can determine the anti&angiogenic !ro!erty of a certain o+<ect. /f more +lood 1essels a!!ear in the medium, this means that the o+<ect has an angiogenic !ro!erty )hile lesser +lood 1essels mean ha1ing an anti& angiogenic !ro!erty. =ertile eggs are eggs that )ill de1elo! into a li1ing organism )hen incu+ated. Eggs that are sold in the mar-et for consum!tion are usually non&fertile. /n order for an egg to +e fertile, it must undergo a !rocess in )hich )e call fertili>ation. ,his means there must +e a male !resent in order for the egg to +e fertile.
RES%"TS A&! !'SC%SS' & #ro(t) 'n)ibition of Stap)ylococcus aureus (it) bangus bile
,a+le a+o1e sho)ed that +angus inhi+ited the gro)th of Staphylococcus aureus )ith a mean of #.EEF mm close to F.""F mm of amo6icillin #ro(t) 'n)ibition of Pseudo*onas aureginosa (it) bangus bile
,a+le a+o1e sho)ed that +angus inhi+ited the gro)th of Pseudomonas aureginosa )ith a mean of ".#E7 mm close to F.""o mm of amo6icillin #ro(t) 'n)ibition of E+ coli (it) bangus bile
,a+le a+o1e sho)ed that +angus inhi+ited the gro)th of E. coli )ith a mean of #.7GF mm close to F.FFF mm of amo6icillin Anti-angiogenic Screening
,a+le sho)ed that +angus +ile su!!ressed the formation of +lood 1essels in the choreoallantoic mem+rane of duc- egg. ,he ta+le sho)ed that +angus e6hi+ited anti&angiogenic a+ility )hen com!ared the sim1astatin.
C &C"%S' & Based on the e6!erimentation, results and data gathered, the researchers )ere a+le to formulate the follo)ing conclusions: ,he e6tract of the +angus +ile has an anti& +acterial !ro!erty that inhi+it the gro)th of +acteria such as E. coli and S. aureus and non for P. aeruginosa and the e6tract has anti&angiogenic !ro!erty. RECO E?8$,/O?
RE,ERE&CES 'nternet sources htt!://en.)i-i!edia.org/)i-i/Chorioallantoic Hmem+rane en.)i-i!edia.org/)i-i/(ir+y& BauerHanti+ioticHtesting en.)i-i!edia.org/)i-i/Screening ))).scientificcommons.org/statin/anti& angiogenic
=rom the findings of the study, it can +e o+ser1ed that there )ere research ga!s. ,he follo)ing )ould ser1e as research agenda and methodological suggestions in future studies. =urther studies to +e conducted )ith more +acterial cultures to !ro1e the 1alidity of the anti+acterial !ro!erty of +angus +ile and the testing of other a1aila+le anti+iotics aside from the ones used in this study. ,esting )ith anti&cancer medicines than that of using cholesterol&lo)ering medicines. Co nducting the anti&angiogenesis screening after !ro1iding more days for the incu+ation of the duc- eggs.
t)er Sources
os+yIs 8ictionary of Com!lementary and $lternati1e edicine, Anti-angiogenic ,he $merican Aeritage 8ictionary of the English Language, Assay iller&(eane Encyclo!edia and 8ictionary of edicine, ?ursing, and $llied Aealth, Antibacterial Be+ster%s 8ictionary of the English Language, Blood vessel, Synergy Grolier Encyclo!edia of (no)ledge, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
