Fall2011HW7

Username: rich-circled
Total: 80 possible marks
Posted: 2011-11-28 22:12
Due: 2011-12-07 23:59
1. (20 marks) Let T : R
3
R
3
be the linear transformation that scales vectors in the plane
2x + 2y + z = 0 by a factor of 3 and scales vectors on the line t (2, 0, 5) by a factor of 0.
u
1
= (1, 1, 0) is a vector in the plane 2x + 2y + z = 0 take u
2
to be the unique unit vector
in the plane 2x + 2y + z = 0 such that u
1
, u
2
, (2, 2, 1) forms a right handed system. Finally
take u
3
= (2, 0, 5). Let B = {u
1
, u
2
, u
3
} be the resulting basis for R
3
.
(a) What is u
2
? (Write your answer in the form (1, 2, 3)!)
(b) Write the matrix of T with respect to the basis B used for the domain and range, that is the
matrix [T]
B,B
.
Let
P = [u
1
|u
2
|u
3
]
the matrix P converts from the basis B to the standard basis S = {e
1
, e
2
, e
3
} since P
_
a
b
c
_
=
au
1
+ bu
2
+ cu
3
so that (a, b, c)
B
=
_
P
_
a
b
c
__
S
.
(c) Write the matrix P.
(d) Compute (2, 2, 3)
B
in terms of the stadard basis, that is write (a, b, c) so that (2, 2, 3)
B
=
(a, b, c)
S
.
(e) Find P
1
the matrix that converts from the standard basis S back to the basis B.
(f) Compute (1, 1, 3)
S
with respect to the basis B, that is write (a, b, c) so that (1, 1, 3)
S
=
(a, b, c)
B
.
The matrix of T with respect to the standard basis is then [T] = P[T]
B,B
P
1
(matrix multiplica-
1
tion).
(g) Write the matrix [T].
(h) Compute T ((1, 1, 3)).
(i) Find the characteristic polynomial of T. (Do you think this depends on the basis used to
represent T? Is det(QAQ
1
I) = det(A I)?)
(j) Find the eigenvalues of T. (Think! You could do this with no work at all! Should these depend
on the choice of basis?) (Write your answer as a set of numbers, e.g., {2, 4}.)
(k) For each eigenvalue of T nd a basis for corresponding eigenspace E

. (Same thing, you

= span({(1, 2, 3), (1, 1, 1)}).)

j=1,j=i
_
x c
j
c
i
c
j
_
Notice p
i
(c
i
) = 1 and p
i
(c
j
) = 0 for j = i. If p(x) = b
1
p
1
(x) + b
2
p
2
(x) + b
3
p
3
(x) + b
4
p
4
(x)
for scalars b
i
, then p(c
i
) =

4
j=1
b
j
p
j
(c
j
) = b
i
. This shows that B = {p
1
, p
2
, p
3
, p
4
} is linearly
2
independent and hence B is a basis for P
3
since dim(P
3
) = 4. (This basis clearly depends only on
the choice of c
1
, c
2
, c
3
, c
4
and so we will write B(c
1
, c
2
, c
3
, c
4
) for this basis in the order indicated.)
For readability below let
B = B(2, 2, 4, 5) = {p
1
, p
2
, p
3
, p
4
}
C = B(3, 5, 8, 6) = {q
1
, q
2
, q
3
, q
4
}
(a) Give the coordinate with respect to B for the 3
rd
degree polynomial such that p(2) = 1, p(2) =
1, p(4) = 2, p(5) = 3.
(b) Write down the polynomial whose coordinates you found in (a). (You may simplify this or
simply write it as a linear combination of the basis elements.)
(c) Consider the linear trasfomation T : R
4
R
4
so that (a, b, c, d)
B
= (T(a, b, c, d))
C
. (Change
of basis transformation.) Find the matrix for this transformation. (The 1
st
column is T((1, 0, 0, 0))
and this should be so that T((1, 0, 0, 0))
C
= p
1
, that is, if T((1, 0, 0, 0)) =
_

_
a
b
c
d
_

_
, then p
1
=
aq
1
+ bq
2
+ cq
3
+ dq
4
.)
(d) Let S : P
3
P
3
be the transformation of P
3
induced by T, S((a, b, c, d)
B
) = (T(a, b, c, d))
C
.
Find S(p) where p is the polynomial you found in (a).
(e) Let D : P
3
P
2
be the differentiation map (a linear function). Find [D]
B,{1,x,x
2
}
, the
matrix of the transformation where the basis B(2, 2, 4, 5) is used for P
3
and the standard
basis S = {1, x, x
2
} is used for P
2
. (As always the order of the basis is important here, for
example, 2 + 3x x
2
= (2, 3, 1)
S
.)
Write your answer as a column vector:
_
_
_
_
a
b
c
d
_
_
_
_
:
p =
[T] =
S(p) =
3
3. (10 marks) Let T : R
5
R
4
have matrix (wrt to standard basis for both spaces)
[T] =
_
_
_
_
3 3 1 1 5
2 2 1 4 5
1 1 2 5 4
2 2 1 0 3
_
_
_
_
(1) Find RREF form of [T].
(2) What is dim(Ker(T))?
(3) What is dim(Img(T))?
Use RREF form of [T] to determine a basis for NS([T]) = Ker(T) = {x|T(x) = 0} and
RS([T]) = Img(T) = {T(x)|x R
5
}. Finding a basis for these subspaces this way will make
your answer unique and hence computer gradable.
(4) Write the basis (found as described above) for Ker(T). (Write your answer as a set of 5-tuples,
e.g., {(1, 0, 1, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1, 2, 0), . . .}.)
(5) Write the basis (found as described above) for Img(T). (Write your answer as a set of 4-
tuples, e.g., {(0, 0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1, 0), . . .}.)
dim(Ker(T)) =
dim(Img(T)) =
Basis for Ker(T) is
Basis for Img(T) is (found precisely in the manner indicated)
4. (10 marks) You are given a set S of vectors in a vector space V with dim(V ) = 7. Decide which
of the following are (necessarily) true or (sometimes) false. Write T or F for your response.
(Capital T or capital F!)
(1) If every vector in span(S) can only be written in one way as a linear combination of vectors
in S, then the size of S is 7.
(2) If every vector in V can be written as a linear combination of vectors in S, i.e., span(S) = V ,
then the size of S is 7.
(3) If the size of S is 7 and each vector in span(S) can only be written in one unique way as a
4
linear combination from S, then span(S) = V .
(4) If the size of S is 7, then span(S) = V .
(5) If the size of S is < 7, then there is only one way to way to write each element of span(S) as
a linear combination from S.
5. (10 marks) Read all of this problem carefully, there are several parts where there are many
equivalent answers, but for ML to grade the problem, you must nd the intended answer.
V is a vector space with dim(V ) = 5 and B = {v
1
, v
2
, v
3
, v
4
, v
5
} is a basis for V . W is a vector
space with dim(W) = 4 with basis C = {w
1
, w
2
, w
3
, w
4
}. T : V W is the linear mapping
whose matrix with respect to the bases B, C is
[T]
C,B
=
_
_
_
_
3 6 3 0 3
3 6 3 0 3
1 2 0 2 0
2 4 0 4 0
_
_
_
_
That is
T((b
1
, b
2
, b
3
, b
4
, b
5
)
B
) =
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
3 6 3 0 3
3 6 3 0 3
1 2 0 2 0
2 4 0 4 0
_
_
_
_
_

_
b
1
b
2
b
3
b
4
b
5
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
C
(1) What is dim(Ker(T))?
(2) Find the RREF form of [T]
C,B
.
For the next part use the RREF form of [T]
B,C
to get a basis for the null space. Done this way
there is one unique answer. (No other answer will be accepted - due to missing capabilities of
ML.)
(3) Find a basis for Ker(T). The elements of your basis will consist of certain linear combinations
of vectors from B. Please write each element of your basis as (1, 2, 1, 2, 0), the basis will be
5
implicit, that is (1, 2, 1, 2, 0) really means (1, 2, 1, 2, 0)
B
which is the same as v
1
2v
2
+v
3
+
2v
4
and write the basis itself as a set of such vectors, i.e., {(1, 2, 1, 2, 0), (1, 0, 0, 2, 1), . . .}.
(4) What is dim(Img(T))
Recall: Img(T) = rng(T) = CS([T]
C,B
) = span((3, 3, 1, 2)
C
, (3, 6, 3, 0, 3)
C
, (3, 3, 0, 0)
C
, (0, 0, 2, 4)
C
, (3, 3, 0, 0)
C
);
a basis for the Img(T) can be found by omiting some of the columns of [T]
C,B
as determined by
rref([T]
C,B
).
(5) Find a basis for Img(T). (Same instructions as in (3) apply here.)
dim(Ker(T)) =
RREF form of [T] =
Basis for Ker(T) =
dim(Img(T)) =
Basis for Img(T) =
6. (16 marks) Consider the two bases B = {u
1
, u
2
, u
3
} and C = {v
1
, v
2
, v
3
} where
u
1
=
_
_
1
2
1
_
_
u
2
=
_
_
0
1
1
_
_
u
3
=
_
_
1
1
1
_
_
v
1
=
_
_
1
0
1
_
_
v
2
=
_
_
0
1
1
_
_
v
3
=
_
_
1
3
3
_
_
Let T : R
3
R
3
be the linear transformation satisfying
L(u
1
) = 2v
1
L(u
2
) = 2v
2
L(u
3
) =
1
3
v
4
(a) Compute (3, 3, 0)
C
= (?, ?, ?)
S
, i.e., compute this in terms of the standard basis S.
(b) Compute (3, 3, 0)
B
= (?, ?, ?)
S
, i.e., compute this in terms of the standard basis.
(c) Compute [T]
C,B
. (This matrix satises T((a, b, c)
B
) = aT(u
1
) + bT(u
2
) + cT(u
3
) =
T(u
1
)
C
a+T(u
2
)
C
b+T(u
3
)
C
c sothis matrix is given by [T]
C,B
= [T(u
1
)
C
|T(u
2
)
C
|T(u
3
)
C
].)
(d) Compute the change of basis matrix, B, from B to the standard basis.
(e) Compute the change of basis matrix, C, from C to the standard basis.
(f) Compute the change of basis matrix from the standard basis to B, this is just B
1
.
6
(g) Compute the matrix of T with repect to the standard basis as [T] = C[T]
C,B
B
1
.
(h) Compute T((3, 4, 3)).
(3, 3, 0)
C
=
(3, 3, 0)
B
=
[T]
C,B
=
B =
C =
B
1
=
[T] =
T((3, 4, 3)) =
7. (14 marks) For each of the following, if the structure is a vector space enter the 0 vector as
the answer, otherwise enter n if the rst axiom to fail has number n in the given list.
(a) u + v V and rv V for all u, v V and r R. (closure).
(b) u + v = v + u (commutativity).
(c) (u + v) + w = u + (v + w) (associativity).
(d) There is a vector 0 so that u + 0 = u for all vectors u. (additive identity).
(e) For each vector u, there is a vector v so that u + v = 0 (additive inverses).
(f) 1v = v for all vectors v.
(g) r(sv) = (rs)v for all reals r, s and all vectors v.
(h) (r + s)v = rv + sv (distributivity of scalar multiplication over real addition).
(i) r(u + v) = ru + rv (distributivity of scalar multiplication over vector addition).
(a) A plane in R
2
that does not pass through the origin.
(b) V = (0, ) where rv = v
r
and v + u = (v)(u) (vector addition is just multiplication of
reals).
(c) R
2
with the point (, ) removed.
(d) The set of all solutions to the homogeneous linear second order DE ay + by

+ cy

= 0 for
7
a, b, c R.
(e) V = {(x
1
, x
2
) : x
1
, x
2
R} with vector addition (x
1
, x
2
)+(y
1
, y
2
) = (x
1
+y
1
+1, x
2
+y
2
+1)
and scalar multiplication r(x
1
, x
2
) = (rx
1
+ r 1, rx
2
+ r 1).
(f) V = {(x
1
, x
2
) : x
1
, x
2
R} with vector addition dened by (x
1
, x
2
) + (y
1
, y
2
) = (x
2
+
y
2
, x
1
+ y
1
) and the usual scalar multiplication.
(g) V = (0, )
3
= {(a, b, c)|a, b, c (0, )} where vector addition is componentwise multipli-
cation (x
1
, x
2
, x
3
) + (y
1
, y
2
, y
3
) = (x
1
y
1
, x
2
y
2
, x
3
y
3
) and scalar multiplication is r(x
1
, x
2
, x
3
) =
(|r|x
1
, |r|x
2
, |r|x
3
).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) If this is a vector space write the 0 vector as y = some function of x (possibly a constant
function)
(e)
(f)
(g)
8