Set No.
Code No: 312003 III B.Tech. I-Semester Regular Exami atio s! No"em#er 2003 T$RB% &'C(INER) * +roductio E gi eeri g a d &echa ical a d &a u,acturi g E gi eeri gTime: 3 hours &ax.&ar.s:/0 ' s0er a 1 2I3E 4uestio s 'll 4uestio s carr1 e4ual mar.s --State the fundamental equations, which govern the compressible fluid flow. Air at 1 bar 22 oC initially occupying a cylinder volume of . 1! m " is compressed reversibly and adiabatically by a piston to a pressure of #.$ bar. Calculate the final temperature and the wor% done. &hat is an aerofoil section' (ow is drag and lift forces caused on a body immersed in a moving fluid. )*plain with neat s%etches. &hat are the coefficients of drag and lift' Show that there are dependent on +eynolds number and characteristic area of the body immersed in a fluid. )*plain with a neat s%etch the wor%ing of an a*ial flow compressor. A centrifugal compressor delivers 1 %g of air per second at a pressure of 2 %gf,cm2 when compressed from 1 %gf,cm2 and 1! oC. -f the temperature of air delivered is .# oC and no heat is added to air from e*ternal source during compression, determine the efficiency of the compressor relative to ideal adiabatic compression and estimate the horse power absorbed. 0iscuss the means of improving the efficiency of a gas turbine wor%ing on simple 1rayton cycle. 2he air enters the compressor of an open cycle constant pressure gas turbine at a pressure of 1 bar and temperature of 2 oC. 2he pressure of air after compression is / bar. 2he isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine are $ 3 and $!3 respectively. 2he air4fuel ratio used is . 51. -f the flow rate of air is " %g,s, find 6i) power developed 6ii) thermal efficiency of the cycle. 2a%e C p71. ! %8,%g oC and 71./ for air and gases. Calorific value of gases 7 /2, %8,%g. 0iscuss the flow of steam through a converging4diverging no99le and e*plain the effect of friction on steam flow rate. Steam is supplied to a no99le at ".! %g,cm2 abs and ..# dry. 2he steam enters the no99le at 2/ m,s. 2he pressure drops to 1./ %g,cm2 abs. 0etermine the heat drop and dryness fraction of the steam when it leaves the no99le.
1.a) b)
2.a) b) ".a) b)
/.a) b)
!.a) b)
Contd:..2
Code No:312003 #.a) b)
-2-
Set No:1
)*plain the difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine. -n a 0e4;aval turbine steam issues from the no99les with a velocity of 12 m,s. 2he no99le angle is 2 o and mean blade velocity is / m,s, and the inlet and outlet angles of blades are equal. 2he mass of steam flowing through the turbine per hour is 1 %g. Calculate 6i) 1lade angles 6ii) +elative velocity of steam entering the blades 6iii) 2angential force on the blades 6iv) <ower developed 6v) 1lade efficiency. 2a%e blade velocity coefficient as .$ &hat features of the turbo>et engine and the reciprocating engine are combined to give the turbo4prop engine, its highly desirable characteristics' &hat is the wor%ing principle of roc%et propulsion' (ow does it differ from >et propulsion' ?ive the various uses of roc%ets. &rite short notes on5 6a) Cascade analysis 6b) ;osses in compressor 6c) Surging and stalling 6d) Classification of gas turbines. 444
=.a) b) c) $.
Set No.
Code No: 312003 III B.Tech. I-Semester Regular Exami atio s! No"em#er 2003 T$RB% &'C(INER) * +roductio E gi eeri g a d &echa ical a d &a u,acturi g E gi eeri gTime: 3 hours &ax.&ar.s:/0 ' s0er a 1 2I3E 4uestio s 'll 4uestio s carr1 e4ual mar.s ---
1.a) b)
)stablish the continuity and momentum equations for compressible flow. 1 %g of ethane gas is compressed from 1 bar, 2= oC, according to the law pv1."7constant, until the pressure is #.# bar. Calculate the heat flow to or from the cylinder walls. ?iven molecular weight of ethane7" , Cp71.=! %8,%g @. )*plain how an aerofoil develops boundary circulation and lift. A flat plate 1.! 1.! m moves at ! %m,hr in stationary air of density 1.1! %g,m", if the coefficient of drag and lift are .1! and .=! respectively, determine 6i) the lift force 6ii) the drag force. 0raw the performance curves of an a*ial flow compressor. A single stage centrifugal compressor ta%es in air at 1 %gf,cm2 and 1! oC and compresses to / %gf,cm2. Awing to reheating due to friction the compression is found to follow the law pv1.= 7 constant. 2a%e Cp 7 .2"$ and 7 1./. Calculate for 1 %g of air, the wor% required for compression and the adiabatic efficiency. 0escribe briefly the methods employed for improvement of thermal efficiency of open cycle gas turbine plant. -n a constant pressure open cycle gas turbine air enters at 1 bar and 2 oC and leaves the compressor at ! bar. -f the temperature of gases entering the turbine is #$ oC, pressure loss in the combustion chamber 7 .1 bar, compressor efficiency 7 $!3, turbine efficiency 7 $!3, combustion efficiency 7 $!3 Cp 7 1. 2/ %8,%g oC for air and gas, find 6i) the quantity of air to be circulated if the plant develops 1 #! %& 6ii) (eat supplied per %g of air circulation and 6iii) 2hermal efficiency of the cycle. 0efine critical pressure ratio for the no99le of the steam turbine. Abtain analytically its value in terms of the inde* of e*pansion. Steam at a pressure of = %g,cm2 abs and .. dry enters a no99le of throat area 1./ cm2. -t leaves this no99le at a pressure of 1. # %g,cm2 abs. Calculate the weight of steam discharged per sec and the diameter of e*it of the no99le so that the discharge shall be ma*imum. Contd:..2
2.a) b)
".a) b)
/.a) b)
!.a) b)
Code No:312003 #.a) b)
-2-
Set No:2
)*plain with the help of s%etches and velocity diagrams, the difference between single stage single row impulse turbine and a single stage reaction turbine. -n a 0e4;aval turbine, the steam enters the wheel through a no99le with a velocity of ! m,s and at an angle of 2 o to the direction of motion of the blade. 2he blade speed is 2 m,s and the e*it angle of the moving blade is 2!o. Bind the inlet angle of the moving blade, e*it velocity of steam and its direction and wor% done per %g of steam. &hat do you mean by propellant' (ow are propellants classified' )*plain the wor%ing of a solid and a liquid propellant roc%et by drawing neat s%etches. (ow and when is a liquid propellant roc%et engine useful' &rite short notes on5 6a) 1lade terminology 6b) Stage and overall efficiency 6c) Cach number, Cach angle 6d) <ressure distribution around a cylinder. 444
=.a) b) c) $.
Set No.
Code No: 312003 III B.Tech. I-Semester Regular Exami atio s No"em#er 2003 T$RB% &'C(INER) * +roductio E gi eeri g a d &echa ical a d &a u,acturi g E gi eeri gTime: 3 hours &ax.&ar.s:/0 ' s0er a 1 2I3E 4uestio s 'll 4uestio s carr1 e4ual mar.s --)*plain the development of boundary layer along a smooth plate held parallel to uniform flow. A cylinder contains ./! m" of a gas at 1 bar and $ oC. 2he gas is compressed to a volume of .1" m", the final pressure being ! bar. 0etermine the value of inde* DnE for compression. 2a%e 7 1./, + 7 2./.2 8,%g @. 0raw the velocity diagrams of an a*ial flow compressor. 0epict the variation of drag coefficient with +eynolds number for two4dimensional flow around a cylinder. Compare the merits and demerits of centrifugal compressor and an a*ial flow compressor. Centrifugal air compressor having isentropic efficiency of =!3 receives air at 2= oC. 2he outer diameter of the blade tip is 1.#! m and the compressor runs at /$ rpm, find 6i) the temperature rise of the air and 6ii) the static pressure ratio. State the merits of gas turbines over -C engines and steam turbines. 0iscuss also the demerits over gas turbines. A simple closed cycle gas turbine plant receives air at 1 %g,cm 2 abs and 1!oC and compresses it to ! %g,cm2 abs and then heats it to $ oC in the heating chamber. 2he hot air e*pands in a turbine bac% to 1 %g,cm2 abs. Calculate the power developed per %g of air supplied per second. 2a%e Cp 7 .2/ for air. 0iscuss the flow of steam through a converging diverging no99le and e*plain the effect of friction of steam flow rate. 2he dry saturated steam at a pressure of $./ %g,cm2 abs enters a convergent4divergent no99le and leaves it at a pressure of 1./ %g,cm2 abs. -f the flow is frictionless and adiabatic and if the corresponding e*pansion inde* is 1.1"!, find the ratio of cross4sectional areas at e*it and throat for ma*imum discharge.
1.a) b)
2.a) b) ".a) b)
/.a) b)
!.a) b)
Contd:..2
Code No:312003 #.a) b)
-2-
Set No:3
&hat are the methods of governing a steam turbine' 0escribe any one method of governing a steam turbine. Steam issues from the no99le of a 0e4;aval turbine with a velocity of 1 m,s o and the no99le angle is 2! . 2he mean blade velocity is " m,s and the outlet blade angle is "!o. 2he discharge is " %g,hr. Feglecting friction losses calculate 6i) the theoretical horse power developed by the turbine 6ii) the diagram efficiency and 6iii) stage efficiency. )*plain the difference between a turbo>et and a turbo propeller engine giving s%etches. 2he effective >et e*it velocity from a roc%et is 2= m,s. 2he forward flight velocity is 1"! m,s and the propellant consumption is ## %g,s. Calculate the thrust, thrust horse power and propulsive efficiency. &rite short notes on5 6a) )ffect of compressibility 6b) ;osses in flow passages 6c) -sentropic flow 6d) 2ypes of propellants. 444
=.a) b)
$.
Set No:
Code No: 312003 III B.Tech. I-Semester Regular Exami atio s! No"em#er 2003 T$RB% &'C(INER) * +roductio E gi eeri g a d &echa ical a d &a u,acturi g E gi eeri gTime: 3 hours &ax.&ar.s:/0 ' s0er a 1 2I3E 4uestio s 'll 4uestio s carr1 e4ual mar.s --0escribe the energy equation for a compressible flow, if the system is 6i) isothermal and 6ii) adiabatic. 0ifferentiate between compressible and uncompressible flow. ?ive some e*amples of boundary layer formation and its effect on lift and drag. 0iscuss (owells method of blade design. An aero plane weighing / %F is flying in a hori9ontal direction at "# %m,hr. 2he plane spans 1! m and has a wing surface area of "! m 2. 0etermine the lift coefficient and the power required to drive the plane. Assume drag coefficient C0 7 . " and 7 1.2 %g,m" for air. Show the relation between theoretical pressure ratios and mass flow curve of a rotary compressor. )*plain also the terms cho%ing and surging. Air at a pressure of 1 %gf,cm2 and a temperature of 1! oC is compressed in a single stage centrifugal compressor to 2.! %gf,cm2. Calculate the theoretical wor% done per %g of air if the compression follows the law pv1./ 7 constant. 2a%e Cp 7 .2/. &hat do you mean by the term Dgas turbinesE' (ow are gas turbines classified' -n a gas turbine plant, the air is compressed in a single stage compressor from 1 bar to . bar and from an initial temperature of " @. 2he same air is then heated to a temperature of $ @ and then e*panded in the second turbine. Bind the ma*imum power that can be obtained from the installation, if the mass of air circulated per second is 2 %g. 2a%e Cp71. ! %8,%g oC for air. 0escribe the process and purpose of reheating as applicable to steam flowing through a turbine. Steam at = bar and " oC e*pands to " bar in an impulse stage. 2he no99le angle is 2 o, the rotor blades have equal inlet and outlet angles and the stage operates with the optimum blade speed ratio. Assuming that the isentropic efficiency of no99le is . 3 and the velocity at entry to the stage is negligible, deduce the blade angle used and the mass flow required for this stage to produce ! %&.
1.a) b) c) 2.a) b)
".a) b)
/.a) b)
!.a) b)
Contd:..2
Code No:312003 #.a) b)
-2-
Set No:5
&hat are the main types of no99les' )*plain each type by drawing neat s%etches. 2he dry and saturated steam at a pressure of 1 .! %g,cm2 is e*panded adiabatically in a no99le to a pressure of .= %g,cm2 abs. 0etermine the final velocity of steam issuing from the no99le, when flow is frictionless. 2he initial velocity of steam may be neglected. )*plain the difference between a >et engine and roc%et engine. ?ive the disadvantages of solid propellant roc%ets. 2he effective >et e*it velocity from a roc%et is 2! m,s. 2he forward flight velocity is 12! m,s and the propellant consumption is # %g,s. Calculate the thrust, thrust horse power and propulsive efficiency. &rite short notes on5 6a) Blame stabili9ation 6b) Cogeneration 6c) Stalling 6d) +eheat and +egeneration. 444
=.a) b) c)
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