ACTIVIDADES DE REFUERZO MATEMÁTICAS. 3º E.S.O.

UNIDAD I: LOS NÚMEROS Y SUS UTILIDADES I.

ACTIVIDADES RESUELTAS DE POTENCIAS Y RAÍCES

1. Calcula mentalmente.
2 3 2 4 2 0 1995
3 =..... 2 =...... 4 =....... 2 =...... (–3) =..... 1995 =.... 1 =....
1994 42 0 0 1 2 2
(– 1) =..... 0 =....... 114 =..... 1 =...... (–4,25) =..... (–4) =..... – 4 =.....
4 4 3 3 2 3
(– 10) =..... – 10 =..... – 2 =..... (–2) =...... (–5) =..... (– 5) =.....

2. Calcula las siguientes potencias.

a) 9 −2  2
−2

f) − 
b) 1−11  11 
−2
c) 10 −4  1
g)  1 − 
 6
( −2 )
−4
d)
−3
 7
 1
−3 h)  − 
e)    2
5

3. Opera las siguientes expresiones, aplicando las propiedades de potencias y dando el resultado lo más
simplificado posible.

(5 ⋅ 3) ⋅ 32 3 −5 ⋅ 27 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2 −2
3

a) f)
3 −4 ⋅ 63
(5 ) 2 2
⋅ 34
25 2 1

b)
(2 ) 3 2
⋅ 16
g) :
15 4 27
(2 ⋅ 4 )
2

h)
(3 ) 2 3
⋅ 3 −4
3 4 ⋅ 3 −2
3
14
c)
64 ⋅ 49
2 − 5 ⋅ ( −3 ) ⋅ 8
3

30 ⋅ 15 2 −2 i)
d) 23 ⋅ 9 −1
8
82 ⋅ 2 −3
9 10 j)
e) 32 ⋅ 4 −1
( 3 ⋅ 27 ) 2 2

4. Calcula.
0 −1 −2
4 3 2 1
a)   ⋅   c)   + 2 −3 −
3 4 3 16
−4 −2
 1 4   1 1
b)  −  − 23 d)  − 1 : + 
 2 3  2 4

5. Halla las raíces siguientes:

3
a) 400 c) 2744

121 64
b) d) 3 −
225 27

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ACTIVIDADES DE REFUERZO MATEMÁTICAS. 3º E.S.O.

UNIDAD I: LOS NÚMEROS Y SUS UTILIDADES I.

SOLUCIONES
1.
2 3 2 4 2 0 1995
3 =9 2 =8 4 = 16 2 = 16 (– 3) = 9 1995 = 1 1 =1
1994 42 0 0 1 2 2
(– 1) =1 0 =0 114 = 1 1 =1 (– 4,25) = – 4,25 (– 4) = 16 – 4 = – 16
4 4 3 3
(– 10) = 10 000 – 10 = – 10 000 –2 =–8 (–2) = – 8
2 3
(– 5) = 25 (– 5) = – 125

2.
−2 2
1 1  2  11  121
a) 9 −2 = 2
= f) −  = −  =
9 81  11   2  4
b) 1−11 = 1 −2 −2 2
 1 5 6 36
g)  1 −  =  =  =
c) 10 −4 =
1
=
1  6  6  
5 25
4
10 10000 −3 3
 7  2 8
1 1 h)  −  = −  = −
( −2 )
−4
d) = =  2  7 343
( −2 )
4
16
−3
 1
e)   = 5 3 = 125
5

3.

(5 ⋅ 3) ⋅ 32
3
5 3 ⋅ 33 ⋅ 32 5 3 ⋅ 35 3
a) = = 4 4 =
(5 ) 2 2
⋅ 34 5 4 ⋅ 34 5 ⋅3 5

b)
(2 ) 3 2
⋅ 16
=
26 ⋅ 2 4
=
210
= 2 4 = 16
(2 ⋅ 4 ) (2 ⋅ 2 )
2 2 2 26

( 2 ⋅ 7 ) 23 ⋅ 7 3 7 7
3
14 3
c) = 6 2 = 6 2 = 3 =
64 ⋅ 49 2 ⋅ 7 2 ⋅7 2 8

( 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 ) 22 ⋅ 32 ⋅ 5 2 1
2
302 ⋅ 15 −2 302
d) = = = =
8 8 ⋅ 152 23 ⋅ ( 3 ⋅ 5 )2 23 ⋅ 32 ⋅ 5 2 2

e)
910
=
(3 ) 2 10

=
320
=
320
= 36 = 729
( 3 ⋅ 27 2 2
) (3 ⋅ ( 3 ) ) (3 )
2 7 2
3 2 314

3 −5 ⋅ 27 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2 −2 3 4 ⋅ 3 3 ⋅ 22 37 ⋅ 22 1 1 1
f) = = = = =
3 ⋅ (2 ⋅ 3) ⋅ 2
−4
3 ⋅6 3 5 3 2 3 ⋅2
8 5
3⋅2 3
3 ⋅ 8 24

25 2 1 252 ⋅ 27 ( 5 ) ⋅ 3
2 3 2
5 4 ⋅ 33 1
g) : = = = =
15 4 27 15 4 (5 ⋅ 3) 5 4 ⋅ 34 3
4

h)
(3 ) 2 3
⋅ 3 −4
=
3 6 ⋅ 32 38
= =1
3 4 ⋅ 3 −2 3 4 ⋅ 3 4 38

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ACTIVIDADES DE REFUERZO MATEMÁTICAS. 3º E.S.O.

UNIDAD I: LOS NÚMEROS Y SUS UTILIDADES I.

2 −5 ⋅ ( −3 ) ⋅ 8 91 ⋅ ( −3 ) ⋅ 8
3 3
32 ⋅ 3 3 ⋅ 23 35 ⋅ 23 35 243
i) = =− = − = − =−
23 ⋅ 9 −1 25 ⋅ 23 25 ⋅ 23 28 25 32

( 23 ) ⋅ 2 2 = 28 = 1
2
82 ⋅ 2 −3 82 ⋅ 4
j) = =
32 ⋅ 4 −1 32 ⋅ 23 2 5 ⋅ 23 28

4.
0 −1
4 3 4 4
a)   ⋅   = 1⋅ =
3 4 3 3
−4 4
 1  2
b)  −  − 23 =  −  − 8 = 16 − 8 = 8
 2  1
−2 2
2 1 3 1 1 9 1 1 37
c)   + 2 −3 − =  + 3 − = + − =
3 16  2  2 16 4 8 16 16
−2 −2
4   1 1  1 3 3
d)  − 1 : +  =   :   = 9 : = 12
3  2 4 3 4 4

5.

( )
2
a) Sabiendo que 400 = 2 4 ⋅ 52 = 22 ⋅ 5 = 202 ⇒ 400 = 202 = ±20

2 2 2
121 112  11   11  121  11  11
b) = 2 2 =  =  ⇒ =   =±
225 3 ⋅ 5  3⋅5   15  225  15  15

c) Primero descomponemos factorialmente el radicando 2744 = 23 ⋅ 73 = 143 ⇒ 3 2744 = 3 14 3 = 14

3 3
64 43  4  64 3  4  4
d) − = − 3 = −  ⇒3− = −  = −
27 3  3 27  3 3

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