Increasing and Decreasing Functions HelloSorry I am away today.
The following sheets should help guide you through increasing and decreasing functions. Any questions you have will be discussed on Tuesday as well. Read the following notes and complete the questions at the end. The homework from the calendar is: Pg.156: C1-C3; Pg.156: #1, 2, 4-7(a)(b), 10, 11 Have a good day, Mr. Goos
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
f (x) = x3 x2 2x + 3.5
5 4
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0 -1
0.5
1.5
increasing
Walking uphill means the function is increasing
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
f (x) = x3 x2 2x + 3.5
5 4
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0 -1
0.5
1.5
increasing
decreasing
Walking uphill means the function is increasing Walking downhill means the function is deceasing
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
f (x) = x3 x2 2x + 3.5
5 4
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0 -1
0.5
1.5
increasing
decreasing
increasing
Walking uphill means the function is increasing Walking downhill means the function is deceasing
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
f (x) = x3 x2 2x + 3.5
5 4
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0 -1
0.5
1.5
increasing
decreasing
increasing
Walking uphill means the function is increasing Walking downhill means the function is deceasing
Neither increasing nor decreasing at a peak or valley.
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
Denition
Let f be a function dened on some interval, and let x1 and x2 be any real numbers in the interval with x1 < x2 . We say that f is increasing on the interval if f (x1 ) < f (x2 ) We say that f is decreasing on the interval if f (x1 ) > f (x2 )
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
Below is the graph of the function f (x).
Determine the interval(s) in which f (x) is increasing and decreasing.
increasing: (3, 0) (2, ) decreasing:(, 3) (0, 2)
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
Consider the previous graph.
5 4
slope > 0
2 1
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0 -1
0.5
1.5
increasing
decreasing
increasing
positive slope (f 0 (x) > 0) the function is increasing.
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
Consider the previous graph.
5 4
slope = 0
3 2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0 -1
0.5
1.5
increasing
decreasing
increasing
positive slope (f 0 (x) > 0) the function is increasing. slope of zero (f 0 (x) = 0) the function is neither increasing nor decreasing.
T HE D ERIVATIVE T EST
Consider the previous graph.
5 4
slope < 0
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0 -1
0.5
1.5
increasing
decreasing
increasing
positive slope (f 0 (x) > 0) the function is increasing. slope of zero (f 0 (x) = 0) the function is neither increasing nor decreasing. negative slope (f 0 (x) < 0) the function is decreasing.
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
Consider the previous graph.
5 4
slope = 0
0.5 1 1.5 2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0 -1
increasing
decreasing
increasing
positive slope (f 0 (x) > 0) the function is increasing. slope of zero (f 0 (x) = 0) the function is neither increasing nor decreasing. negative slope (f 0 (x) < 0) the function is decreasing.
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
Consider the previous graph.
5 4
slope > 0
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0 -1
0.5
1.5
increasing
decreasing
increasing
positive slope (f 0 (x) > 0) the function is increasing. slope of zero (f 0 (x) = 0) the function is neither increasing nor decreasing. negative slope (f 0 (x) < 0) the function is decreasing.
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
Derivative Test for Increasing and Decreasing
Suppose f (x) is a function whose derivative exists at every point in some interval. if f 0 (x) > 0 for all x in the interval, the function is increasing on the interval. if f 0 (x) < 0 for all x in the interval, the function is decreasing on the interval. if f 0 (x) = 0 for all x in the interval, the function is constant on the interval. How can we determine these intervals from the equation of the function?
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
If f 0 (x) goes from positive to negative (or vice verse) at a point x = a, then one of two things must be true: (1) f 0 (c) = 0, or (2) f 0 (x) does not exist at x = c We call these points critical points. We can use the critical points of a function to determine the intervals over which it is increasing and decreasing.
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
Let f (x) = 2.3 + 3x x2 . Determine the open intervals where the f is inc./dec.
Step 1: Find the critical points of f
To do this, we rst nd f 0 (x): Next, we determine for which x-values either f 0 (x) = 0 or f 0 (x) is undened. 3 3 2x = 0 3 = 2x x = 2 Any other critical point would be where f 0 (x) = 3 2x is undened. However, f 0 (x) is a polynomial so it is dened for all real numbers, so... 3 Critical point: x = 2 f 0 (x) = 3 2x
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
Let f (x) = 2.3 + 3x x2 .
what will be called the rst derivative test
Determine the open intervals where the f is inc./dec.
Step 2: Use the derivative test
From Step 1 we know that we have a critical point at 3/2 Our one critical point divides the real line into two intervals.
0 1.5 Choose one point a from the rst interval and check if f 0 (a) > 0 or f 0 (a) < 0. f 0 (1) = 3 2(1) = 5 > 0
So our original function f is increasing on the rst interval f is increasing on (-!,1.5)
-1 0 1.5
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
Let f (x) = 2.3 + 3x x2 . Determine the open intervals where the f is inc./dec.
Step 2: Use the derivative test
Next, choose a point in the second interval So our original function f is decreasing on the rst interval
f is decreasing on (1.5,!) 0 1.5 2
f 0 ( 2) = 3 2( 2) = 1 < 0
Putting this all together: f is increasing: (, 1.5) f is decreasing: (1.5, )
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
Determine the open intervals where the following functions are increasing and decreasing (1) f (x) = x2/3 (2) g(t) = 3t + 6 (3) h(x) = x2 + 1
I NCREASING AND D ECREASING F UNCTIONS
A county realty group estimates that the number of housing starts per year over the next three years will be 300 1 + 0.03r2 where r is the mortgage rate (in percent): H(r) = (a) Where is H(r) increasing? (b) Where is H(r) decreasing?
