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AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:
Design of a Wein Bridge Oscillator (Using IC 741 OP AMP) and calculation of its frequency
of oscillation.
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
1. DUAL DC POWER SUPPLY
2. CRO
3. BREADBOARD
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. IC 741
2. RESISTORS 1.8K, 3.3K
3. CAPACITORS 100KpF
4. POTENTIOMETER 47K
THEORY:
ABOUT OP-AMP IC 741:
The 741 is the godfather of all operational amplifiers (amplifiers on a chip). Although most up-
to-date designs beat it for speed, low noise, etc, it still works well as a general purpose device. One of its
advantages is that it is compensated (its frequency response is tailored) to ensure that under most
curcumstances it won't produce unwanted spurious oscillations. This means it is easy to use, but the
down-side of this is the poor speed/gain performance compared to more modern op-amps.
The 741 is usually supplied in an 8-pin DIL (Dual In Line) or DIP (Dual Inline Package, or sometimes
Dual Inline Plastic) package with a pinout shown above. This has proved so popular that many other
competing op-amps have adoped the same package/pinout. Hence for many applications the various
op-amps are drop in replacements or upgrades for one another. These days there is a large family of
741 type devices, made by various manufacturers. Sometimes one manufacturer will make different
versions, which work better than others in some respect. Each has a slightly different part number, but it
generally has 741 in it somewhere!
The values given below are typical for an ordinary 741, better versions (more expensive) may give
better results...
Typical values of Basic Parameters:
Rail voltages : +/- 15V dc (+/- 5V min, +/- 18V max)
Input impedance: Around 2MegOhms
Low Frequency voltage gain: approx 200,000
Input bias current: 80nA
Slew rate: 0.5V per microsecond
Maximum output current: 20mA
Recommended output load: not less than 2kilOhms
Note that, due to the frequency compensation, the 741's voltage gain falls rapidly with increasing signal
frequency. Typically down to 1000 at 1kHz, 100 at 10kHz, and unity at about 1MHz. To make this easy to
remember we can say that the 741 has a gain-bandwidth product of around one million (i.e. 1 MHz as
the units of frequency are Hz).
THEORY (FORMULAE):
In a WEIN bridge oscillator the WEIN bridge is connected between the amplifiers input
terminals. When the wein bridge is balanced the resonant frequency is given by:
F =
1
2 RC
A
v
=
1
1
f
R R
R
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit 1
2. Observe the output on CRO adjust the gain of amplifier using potentiometer to produce
oscillation.
3. Measure the time period of the sinusoidal wave and calculate its frequency.
4. Compare the measured frequency with
F =
1
2 RC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
U1
741
3
2
4
7
6
5 1
R1
1.2kohm
R3
1kohm
R4
1kohm
C1
0.01uF
C2
0.01uF
50%
Key = a
10K_LIN
R2
Vout
+12V
-12V
Fig. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF A WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
Oscillator Output Gain and Phase Shift
It can be seen that at very low frequencies the phase angle between the input and output signals
is Positive (Phase Advanced), while at very high frequencies the phase angle becomes
Negative (Phase Delay). In the middle of these two points the circuit is at its resonant
frequency, (r) with the two signals being in-phase or 0
o
. We can therefore define this resonant
frequency point with the following expression.
Wien Bridge Oscillator Frequency
Where:
r is the Resonant Frequency in Hertz
R is the Resistance in Ohms
C is the Capacitance in Farads
Then this frequency selective RC network forms the basis of the Wien Bridge Oscillator circuit.
If we now place this RC network across a non-inverting amplifier which has a gain of 1+R1/R2
the following oscillator circuit is produced.
RESULT:
PRECAUTIONS:
