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Access Modifiers

There are four access modifiers in Java - public, private, protected, and default. Public members can be accessed anywhere, private members can only be accessed within their own class, protected members can be accessed within their package and subclasses in other packages, and default (no modifier) means accessible within the same package only. Access modifiers determine where classes, variables, methods and constructors declared with the modifier can be accessed - affecting visibility both within a package and outside of it.

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248 views

Access Modifiers

There are four access modifiers in Java - public, private, protected, and default. Public members can be accessed anywhere, private members can only be accessed within their own class, protected members can be accessed within their package and subclasses in other packages, and default (no modifier) means accessible within the same package only. Access modifiers determine where classes, variables, methods and constructors declared with the modifier can be accessed - affecting visibility both within a package and outside of it.

Uploaded by

sumana12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Access Modifers Interview Questions

FAQs on Access Modifiers


1. What are the different types of Access Modifiers?
The following are the types of Access Modifiers:
Public: Anything declared as public can be accessed from anywhere.
Private: Anything declared as private cant be seen outside of its class.
Protected: Anything declared as protected can be accessed by classes in the same
package and subclasses in the other packages.
Default Modifier: Can be accessed only to classes in the same package.


2. State the significance of public, private, protected, default modifiers both singly
and in combination and state the effect of package relationships on declared
items qualified by these modifiers.
Public: Public class is visible in other packages, field is visible everywhere (class must be
public too).
Private: Private variables or methods may be used only by an instance of the same class
that declares the variable or method; A private feature may only be accessed by the class
that owns the feature.
Protected: Is available to all classes in the same package and also available to all subclasses
of the class that owns the protected feature. This access is provided even to subclasses that
reside in a different package from the class that owns the protected feature.


3. What you get by default, i.e. without any access modifier (i.e. public private or
protected).
It means that it is visible to all within a particular package.


4. Can a top level class be private or protected?
No. A top level class cannot be private or protected. It can have either "public" or no
modifier. If it does not have a modifier it is supposed to have a default access.

If a top level class is declared as private the compiler will complain that the "modifier private
is not allowed here". This means that a top level class cannot be private. Same is the case
with protected.


5. What type of parameter passing does Java support?
In Java the arguments are always passed by value.
Access Modifers Interview Questions
6. Primitive data types are passed by reference or pass by value?
Primitive data types are passed by value.


7. Objects are passed by value or by reference?
Java only supports pass by value. With objects, the object reference itself is passed by value
and so both the original reference and parameter copy both refer to the same object.


8. Can a class be declared as protected?
A class can't be declared as protected. only methods can be declared as protected.


9. What is the access scope of a protected method?
A protected method can be accessed by the classes within the same package or by the
subclasses of the class in any package.


10. If a variable is declared as private, where may the variable be accessed?
A private variable may only be accessed within the class in which it is declared.


11. What do you understand by private, protected and public?
These are accessibility modifiers. Private is the most restrictive, while public is the least
restrictive. There is no real difference between protected and the default type (also known as
package protected) within the context of the same package; however the protected keyword
allows visibility to a derived class in a different package.


12. What modifiers may be used with an inner class that is a member of an outer
class?
A (non-local) inner class may be declared as public, protected, private, static, final, or
abstract.


13. If a class is declared without any access modifiers, where may the class be
accessed?
A class that is declared without any access modifiers is said to have package access. This
means that the class can only be accessed by other classes and interfaces that are defined
within the same package.



Access Modifers Interview Questions
14. If a method is declared as protected, where may the method is accessed?
A protected method may only be accessed by classes or interfaces of the same package or by
subclasses of the class in which it is declared.


15. What is the difference between a public and a non-public class?
A public class may be accessed outside of its package. A non-public class may not be
accessed outside of its package.


16. What modifiers may be used with a top-level class?
A top-level class may be public, abstract, or final.


17. What modifiers may be used with an inner class that is a member of an outer
class?
A (non-local) inner class may be declared as public, protected, private, static, final,
or abstract.


18. What modifiers may be used with a top-level class?
A top-level class may be public, abstract, or final.

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