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EGR 1174 Engineering Statics DCEI Programme: A Lab Report For

1. The document is a lab report for an engineering statics experiment conducted to determine forces induced in frame members experimentally and theoretically using tension coefficients. 2. The experiment used an apparatus with springs, weights, and a jib to apply loads and measure the tensions and compressions in the springs under different mass configurations. Readings were recorded in tables. 3. Theoretical force values were calculated using vector analysis and were compared to experimental readings, with percent errors calculated. Forces generally matched within a few percent, validating the theoretical tension coefficient method.

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Daniel Loh
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156 views

EGR 1174 Engineering Statics DCEI Programme: A Lab Report For

1. The document is a lab report for an engineering statics experiment conducted to determine forces induced in frame members experimentally and theoretically using tension coefficients. 2. The experiment used an apparatus with springs, weights, and a jib to apply loads and measure the tensions and compressions in the springs under different mass configurations. Readings were recorded in tables. 3. Theoretical force values were calculated using vector analysis and were compared to experimental readings, with percent errors calculated. Forces generally matched within a few percent, validating the theoretical tension coefficient method.

Uploaded by

Daniel Loh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

A lab report for


EGR 1174 Engineering Statics
DCEI programme
Title:
Experiment 1: Equilibrium of a Body
Conducted on:
March 25
th
, 2014
Prepared by:
Vinoth s/o Subramanian
Loh Yuan Cheng
Submitted to:
Dr Chuah Keng Hoo
Date Submitted:
April 22
nd
, 2014


2

Objective:
1. To determine experimentally forces induced in individual frame members.
2. To calculate the theoretical forces induced, using tension coefficients method.
3. To compare the experimental and theoretical results.

Apparatus: Apparatus Model LS-1336, sets of weights, hook and measuring tape.

Procedure:
1. Firstly, the length of each spring balance is set to the fixed axis as measured.
2. Then, specific amount of weights were applied onto the end of the jib.
3. After that, the values of the readings on the individual spring balances were obtained.
4. Next, additional amount of weights were loaded onto the jib to give more tension and
compression loading in the individual springs..
5. Lastly, the readings on Tables 1, 2 and 3 below were recorded based on different masses
applied onto the end of jib.



Results: Configuration 1
a) Mass = 0.5kg
Vector i (mm) j (mm) k (mm)
Force
applied (N)
F (g) |F| (N)
|F| (N)
Theoretical
% of
error
F
1
-245 -230 290 4.905 200 (T) 1.962(T) 2.00
F
2
-245 230 290 4.905 200 (T) 1.962(T) 2.00
F
3
-245 0 -254 4.905 325 (C) 3.188 (C) 3.182
Table 1 (T) =Tension , (C) =Compression
3

b) Mass = 1kg
Vector i (mm) j (mm) k (mm)
Force
applied (N)
F (g) |F| (N)
|F| (N)
Theoretical
% of
error
F
1
-235 -230 295 9.81 425 (T) 4.169 (T) 3.974
F
2
-235 230 295 9.81 425 (T) 4.169 (T) 3.974
F
3
-235 0 -250 9.81 625 (C) 6.133 (C) 6.173
Table 2 (T) =Tension , (C) =Compression

c) Mass = 1.5kg
Vector i (mm) j (mm) k (mm)
Force
applied (N)
F (g) |F| (N)
|F| (N)
Theoretical
% of
error
F
1
-240 -230 302 14.715 600 (T) 5.886 (T) 6.075
F
2
-240 230 295 14.715 600 (T) 5.886 (T) 6.075
F
3
-240 0 -250 14.715 925 (C) 9.074 (C) 9.210
Table 3 (T) =Tension , (C )=Compression
4

Results: Configuration 2
d) Mass = 0.5kg
Vector i (mm) j (mm) k (mm)
Force
applied (N)
F (g) |F| (N)
|F| (N)
Theoretical
% of
error
F
1
-250 -225 287 4.880 230 (T) 1.951(T) 2.00 2.45
F
2
-250 225 287 4.880 230 (T) 1.951(T) 2.00 2.45
F
3
-250 0 -258 4.880 368 (C) 3.154 (C) 3.248 2.95
Table 4 (T) =Tension , (C) =Compression





e) Mass = 1kg
Vector i (mm) j (mm) k (mm)
Force
applied (N)
F (g) |F| (N)
|F| (N)
Theoretical
% of
error
F
1
-230 -220 283 9.75 408 (T) 4.169 (T) 3.880 7.4
F
2
-230 220 283 9.75 408 (T) 4.169 (T) 3.880 7.4
F
3
-230 0 -248 9.75 619 (C) 6.133 (C) 6.210 1.24
Table 5 (T) =Tension , (C) =Compression

f) Mass = 1.5kg
Vector i (mm) j (mm) k (mm)
Force
applied (N)
F (g) |F| (N)
|F| (N)
Theoretical
% of
error
F
1
-235 -220 310 15.134 578 (T) 5.299 (T) 5.702 7.06
F
2
-235 220 310 15,134 578 (T) 5.299 (T) 5.702
F
3
-235 0 -266 15.134 891 (C) 8.872 (C) 9.070
Table 6 (T) =Tension , (C) =Compression




5

Discussion:
Based on the result obtained, the theoretical values for the individual forces acting on the body
(|F|) were calculated

a) Mass = 0.5kg

The position vectors are:
r
1
= [ -245 i -230 j + 290 k ] mm | r
1
| = 443.87 mm
r
2
= [ - 245 i +230 j + 290 k ] mm | r
2
| = 443.87mm
r
3
= [ -245 i + 0 j -254 k ] mm | r
3
| = 352.90mm

The unit vectors are:
u
1
=

=

u
2
=

=

u
3
=

=
W = 0.5g 9.81 m/s
2
= 4.905 k

F
x
= 0;

(1)
F
y
= 0;

(2)
F
z
= 0;

(3)

From (2):
F
1 =
F
2

From (1):


F
3 =
1.591 F
1
From (3):

= 2.00 N (Tension)
F
2
= 2.00N (Tension)

F
3
= 1.591(2)
F
3
= 3.182N
F
3
= 3.182N (Compression)







6

Percentage Error for mass=0.5kg:
|


|

| x 100 = 0.188 %


b) Mass = 1.0kg

The position vectors are:
r
1
= [ -235 i -230 j + 295 k ] mm | r
1
| = 441.76 mm
r
2
= [ - 235 i +230 j + 295 k ] mm | r
2
| = 441.76mm
r
3
= [ -235 i + 0 j -250 k ] mm | r
3
| = 343.11mm

The unit vectors are:
u
1
=

=

u
2
=

=

u
3
=

=
W = 1.0g 9.81 m/s
2
= 9.81 k

F
x
= 0;

(1)
F
y
= 0;

(2)
F
z
= 0;

(3)

From (2):
F
1 =
F
2

From (1):


F
3 =
1.593 F
1
From (3):

= 3.93 N (Tension)
F
2
= 3.93 N (Tension)

F
3
= 1.593(3.93)
F
3
= N
F
3
= N (Compression)


7

Percentage Error for mass=0.kg:
|


|

|


c) Mass = 1.5kg

The position vectors are:
r
1
= [ -240 i -230 j + 302 k ] mm | r
1
| = 449.11 mm
r
2
= [ - 240 i +230 j + 302 k ] mm | r
2
| = 449.11mm
r
3
= [ -240 i + 0 j -242 k ] mm | r
3
| = 340.82mm

The unit vectors are:
u
1
=

=

u
2
=

=

u
3
=

=
W = 1.5g 9.81 m/s
2
= 14.715 k

F
x
= 0;

(1)
F
y
= 0;

(2)
F
z
= 0;

(3)

From (2):
F
1 =
F
2

From (1):


F
3 =
1.517

From (3):

= 6.077 N (Tension)
F
2
= 6.077 N (Tension)

F
3
= 1.517(6.077)
F
3
= N
F
3
= N (Compression)

8

Percentage Error for mass=1.5kg:
|


|

|


d) Mass = 0.5kg

The position vectors are:
r
1
= [ -250 i -225 j + 287 k ] mm | r
1
| = 442.15 mm
r
2
= [ - 250 i +225 j + 287 k ] mm | r
2
| = 442.15 mm
r
3
= [ -250 i + 0 j -258 k ] mm | r
3
| = 359.25mm

The unit vectors are:
u
1
=

=

u
2
=

=

u
3
=

=
W = 0.5g 9.81 m/s
2
= 4.905 k

F
x
= 0;

(1)
F
y
= 0;

(2)
F
z
= 0;

(3)



From (2):
F
1 =
F
2

From (1):


F
3 =
1.624 F
1
From (3):

= 2.00 N (Tension)
F
2
= 2.00N (Tension)

9


F
3
= 1.624(2)
F
3
= 3.248N
F
3
= 3.248N (Compression)

Percentage Error for mass=0.5kg:
|


|

| x 100 = 2.95 %

e) Mass = 1.0kg

The position vectors are:
r
1
= [ -230 i -225 j + 287 k ] mm | r
1
| = 431.15 mm
r
2
= [ - 230 i +225 j + 287 k ] mm | r
2
| = 431.15 mm
r
3
= [ -230 i + 0 j -258 k ] mm | r
3
| = 345.64 mm

The unit vectors are:
u
1
=

=

u
2
=

=

u
3
=

=
W = 1.0g 9.81 m/s
2
= 9.81 k

F
x
= 0;

(1)
F
y
= 0;

(2)
F
z
= 0;

(3)

From (2):
F
1 =
F
2

From (1):


F
3 =
1.601 F
1

From (3):




10

= 3.88 N (Tension)
F
2
= 3.88 N (Tension)

F
3
= 1.601(3.88)
F
3
= N
F
3
= N (Compression)


Percentage Error for mass=1.0kg:
|


|

|



f) Mass = 1.5kg

The position vectors are:
r
1
= [ -235 i -220 j + 310 k ] mm | r
1
| = 446.91 mm
r
2
= [ - 235 i +220 j + 310 k ] mm | r
2
| = 446.91mm
r
3
= [ -235 i + 0 j -266 k ] mm | r
3
| = 354.94mm

The unit vectors are:
u
1
=

=

u
2
=

=

u
3
=

=

W = 1.5g 9.81 m/s
2
= 14.715 k

F
x
= 0;

(1)
F
y
= 0;

(2)
F
z
= 0;

(3)



11




From (2):
F
1 =
F
2

From (1):


F
3 =
1.590 F
1

From (3):

= 5.702 N (Tension)
F
2
= 5.702 N (Tension)



F
3
= 1.590(5.702)
F
3
= N
F
3
= N (Compression)


Percentage Error for mass=1.5kg:
|


|

|

From the experiment, there are some experiments with an error more than 5%. This is because
the parallax error in reading the reading on the scale. Furthermore, decreasing in the elasticity of
the spring because it has been carried out many times and will affect the reading of the force
acted.






12


Conclusion

The following objectives of the experiment was achieved

- The experimentally forces induced in individual frame member
- The theoretical forces induced by using tension coefficients method
- Comparing theoretical and experimental results
- Repeat other frame configurations


By carrying out this experiment, I have learned how to calculate the theoretical forces. I also
come to know things that will affect the forces in the experiment, which is mass and distance. In
addition, finding the values of each force can be done using the equilibrium equation. Upon
obtaining all of the theoretical values, the differences were very much the same when we
compare it with the experimental results. In addition, without further instructions but only the lab
manual, our teamwork went out well as we were able to complete our experiment on time.

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