Introduction to Programming in Turing

Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

Chapter 5: Variables and Constants - Section 5.11

5-1. There are 2.54 cm in one inch. Write a program to input the length of a desk in inches and
output its length in centimeters. Use a constant for the conversion factor. Be sure to
prompt for the input and to label the output.

SOLUTION:

% The "05-01 Soln" Program

const factor := 2.54 % number of cm in 1 inch
put "Enter the length of the desk in inches: " ..
var len : real
get len
put "The length of the desk in centimeters is:",
len * factor," cm."

5-2. Write a program that asks for a person's year of birth and outputs their age in the
current year. Write the program to work for whatever the current year happens to be.4

SOLUTION:

% The "05-02 Soln" Program

const currentYear := 2004
put "Enter the year you were born (e.g. 1957):" ..
var birthYear: int
get birthYear
put "In ", currentYear," you will be ",
currentYear - birthYear," years old"
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

5-3. Write a program that inputs the starting time and finishing time of an automobile trip as
well as the distance in kilometers traveled and outputs the average speed in km/hr. The
times are to be given in two parts: the hours, then the minutes.

SOLUTION:

% The "05-03 Soln" Program

var leaveHour, leaveMin, arriveHour, arriveMin: int
put "What time did you leave on your trip?"
put "Enter the hour (24-hour clock):" ..
get leaveHour
put "Enter the minute:" ..
get leaveMin
put "What time did you arrive?"
put "Enter the hour (24-hour clock):" ..
get arriveHour
if arriveHour < leaveHour then
arriveHour := arriveHour + 24 % arrive next day
end if
put "Enter the minute: " ..
get arriveMin
% Calculate the duration in hours
const duration : real := (arriveHour*60+ arriveMin)
- (leaveHour * 60 + leaveMin) / 60
put "How far did you drive (in kilometers):"..
var distance: real
get distance
put "Your average speed was ", distance / duration
: 5 : 2," km/hr"
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

5-4. Write a program that reads in four numbers and then outputs the four numbers all on one
line with commas between the numbers.

SOLUTION:

% The “05-04 Soln” Progrma

var number1, number2, number3, number4 : int
put “Enter 4 numbers”
get number1, number2, number3, number4
put “Here are the 4 numbers that you entered: “ ..
put number1, “, “,number2, “, “,number3, “,
“,number4, “, “

5-5. Write a program to input a name and output a message that greets a name. For
example, if the name is "Sue", then the message might be "Hello Sue!". Use constants for
the greeting.

SOLUTION:

% The "Ch05-05" Program

const GREETING := "Hello "
const PUNCTUATION := "!"
var name : string
put "Enter your name please"
get name
put GREETING, name, PUNCTUATION
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

5-6. Write a program to calculate and output the product of three

numbers entered via the keyboard. Also output the square of
the product.

SOLUTION:

% The "Ch05-06 " Program

var number1, number2, number3, answer: int
put "Enter three numbers"
get number1 number2, number3
answer := number1* number2* number3
put "The product of ", number1, " * ", number2," *
", number3," = ", answer
put""
put "The square of", answer," is ", answer ** 2
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

5-7. Write a program that inputs five full names and outputs the names in reverse order.

SOLUTION:

% The "Ch05-07 " Program

var name1, name2, name3, name4, name5 : string
put "Enter the full names for five people"
put "What is the first full name?"
get name1 : *
put "What is the second full name?"
get name2: *
put "What is the third full name?"
get name3: *
put "What is the fourth full name?"
get name4: *
put "What is the fifth full name?"
get name5: *
put "The names in reverse order are"
put name5, ",", name4, ",", name3, ",", name2, ",",
name1
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

5-8. Write a program that inputs a first name and a last name then outputs this in the form last
name, first name.
Try to write a version which inputs the two names from a single input line.

SOLUTION:

% The "Ch05-08a " Program

var firstName, lastName : string
put "Enter your first and last name"
get firstName
get lastName
put lastName," , " , firstName

Try to write a version which inputs the two names from a single input line.

% The "Ch05-08b " Program

var name, firstName, lastName : string
put "Enter your first and last name"
get firstName, lastName
put lastName," , " , firstName

or

% The "Ch05-08c " Program

% Uses the predefined string function "index"
var name, firstName, lastName : string
put "Enter your first and last name"
get name : *
firstName := name (1 .. index (name, ""))
lastName := name (index (name,"") + 1 .. *)
put lastName, ", ", firstName
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

5-9. Experiment with programs where you purposely make syntax errors to see what the error
messages are like.

SOLUTION:

% The "05-09a Soln" Program

% Error free version.
var name: string
put "Enter a name"
get name
put "Hello", name

Some programs with typical errors

% The "05-09b Soln" Program

% Error message = 'string' has not been declared.

put "Enter a name"

get name
put "Hello", name

% The "05-09c Soln" Program

% Error message = Syntax error at 'string', expected
':'.
var name string
put "Enter a name"
get name
put "Hello", name

% The "05-09d Soln" Program

% Error message = String literal ends at end of
line.
var name : string
put "Enter a name
get name
put "Hello ", name
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

% The "05-09e Soln" Program

% Error message = 'name' is not a procedure and
hence cannot be called.
var name : string
put "Enter a name"
get name
put "Hello" name

5-10. Experiment with programs where you purposely input the wrong type of data to
see what happens. For example, enter an integer when a string is expected.

SOLUTION:

% The "05-10a Soln" Program

% This program expects string input.
var name: string
put "Enter a name"
get name
put "Hello ", name

Entering an integer when a string is expected does

not produce an error.

% The "05-1 Ob Soln" Program

% This program expects integer input
var age: int
put "Enter your age"
get age
put "Next year you will be ", age + 1," years old."

Entering a string like 'abc' when an integer is

expected produces an error of 'Invalid integer
input.'
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

5-11. See what happens when you run this program

var age: int

put "Enter age"
get age
age := age + 1
put "age is ",
age

How do you interpret the assignment statement

age := age + 1
Would another variable called ageNextYear make the program more
understandable?

SOLUTION:

How do you interpret the assignment statement

age := age + 1

This program line reassigns the variable age to be one more than the original
value of age. Thus original value of age will be overwritten.

Would another variable called ageNextYear make the program more

understandable?

Yes, it would make the program more understandable. Since the program
calculates the age-next-year based on the current age, it makes more sense to
create and use a variable that will be assigned the value of the age-next-year.
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

5 -12. Experiment with adding comments to a program. See if you can add a comment to the
end of a line. Can a comment be in the middle of a line?

SOLUTION:
% The "05-12 Soln" Program
var age : int % This line declares the
% variable age as an integer.
put "Enter age" % This line prompts for input.
get age % This line temporarily halts
% execution of the program and
% waits for input.
age := age + 1 % This is an assignment
%statement.
put "age is ", age % This is an output line
% that blends a string
% literal and a variable
A comment line cannot be in the middle of a line since its definition is that it begins with
a % sign and ends with a Return.
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

5-13. The Prom Committee at your school will sell tickets at $65 per person. Expenses
include the cost of the food, the DJ, the hall, the decorations, and the waiting staff. To these
expenses, add $100 for miscellaneous expenditures. Write a program to ask for each of the
expense totals incurred and then calculate and output to the committee how many tickets
they must sell to break even.

SOLUTION:

% The "05-13 Soln' Program

const MISC:= 100
const TICKETCOST := 65
var foodCost, diskJockey, hallRental,
decorations, waitingStaff, total: real
put "Enter the cost of food"
get foodCost
put "Enter the cost of the DJ"
get diskJockey
put "Enter the cost of the rental of the hall"
get hallRental
put "Enter the cost of the decorations"
get decorations
put "Enter the cost of the waiting staff"
get waitingStaff
put “”
total:= foodCost + diskJockey + hallRental +
decorations + waitingStaff+ MISC
put "To break even you must sell ", total/
TICKETCOST," tickets"
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

5-14. A student wrote 5 tests. Ask the student for their name and then what each test is marked
out of and what mark they received on each test. At the end of the run calculate and output
the percentage for each test as well as the average on all five tes also as a percent. When
querying the student, address each request with their name Make sure that output
statements include the name of the student.

SOLUTION:

% The "05-14 Soln" Program

var test1Mark, test2Mark, test3Mark, test4Mark,
test5Mark: real
var test1Total, test2Total, test3Total, test4Total,
test5Total: real
var test1 Average, test2Average, test3Average,
test4Average, test5Average :
real
var name: string
put "Please enter your name"
get name
put""
put "Enter the mark for your first test",
name,":"..
get test1Mark
put "What is the maximum mark value for this test?
"..
get test1Total
test1 Average := test1 Mark / test1Total* 100
put""
put "Enter the mark for your second test",
name,":" ..
get test2Mark
put "What is the maximum mark value for this test?
"..
get test2Total
test2Average := test2Markl / test2Total* 100
put""
put "Enter the mark for your third test", name,":"
..
get test3Mark
put "What is the maximum mark value for this test?
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

"..
get test3Total
test3Average := test3Markl / test3Total* 100
put""
put "Enter the mark for your fourth test",
name,":"..
get test4Mark
put "What is the maximum mark value for this test? "
..
get test4Total
test4Average := test4Mark / test4Total* 100
put""
put "Enter the mark for your fifth test", name,":"
..
get test5Mark
put "What is the maximum mark value for this test? "
..
get test5Total
test5Average := test5Mark / test5Total* 100
put""
put "The average for", test1 Mark," /",
test1Total," is ", test1 Average, " %"
put "The average for", test2Mark," /", test2Total,
" is ", test2'Average, " %"
put "The average for", test3Mark," /",
test3Total," is ", test3Average, " %"
put "The average for", test4Mark, " /", test4Total,
" is ", test4Average, " %
put "The average for", test5Mark," /",
test5Total," is ", testSAverage," %"
put ""
put "Your overall average ", name,", is ",
(test1Mark + test2Mark + test3Mark+ test4Mark +
test5Mark) / (test1Total + test2Total +
test3Total+ test4Total+ test5Total) * 100," %"
 Introduction to Programming in Turing
Chapter 5: Variables and Constants

5-15. Ask the user for a real number which expresses the area of a figure. Assume that the figure
was a circle. Output the radius and then the circumference of the circle. Now assume that
the figure was a square. Output the length and width and then the perimeter of the square.
Use complete statements in each case.

SOLUTION:

Assume that the figure was a circle. Output the radius and then the circumference of the
circle.

% The "Ch05-15a" Program

var area, circumference, radius: real
const PI:= 3.14159
put "Enter the area of a circle:"..
get area
radius := sqrt (area / PI)
circumference := 2 * radius * PI
put "The radius of the circle is ", radius
put "The circumference of the circle is ",
circumference

Now assume that the figure was a square. Output the length and width and then the
perimeter of the square.

% The "Ch05-15b" Program

var area, widthLength, perimeter : real
put "Enter the area of the square "..
get area
widthLength := sqrt (area)
perimeter := widthLength * 2 + widthLength * 2
put "The width and length of the square is ",
widthLength
put "The perimeter of the square is ", perimeter