2004 Pierce Manufacturing Inc. Part No.

PM-P-OM260-0804
PUMP
OPERATORS
MANUAL















PIERCE PUMPING
APPARATUS
TABLE OF CONTENTS



TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................

SECTION 1: TO THE OWNER ......................................................................................................................... 1-1

1. Who Should Use, Service and Maintain This Vehicle .............................................................. 1-1
2. What To Do If You Lack Knowledge ........................................................................................ 1-1
3. Cautions, Warnings and Dangers .............................................................................................. 1-2
3.1 Safety Warning Labels............................................................................................................. 1-2
4. Responsibility............................................................................................................................... 1-2
5. Daily Checks ................................................................................................................................ 1-3
6. Custom Products ......................................................................................................................... 1-3
7. Professional, Training, and Standards Organizations ............................................................. 1-3
8. Safety Defect Reporting .............................................................................................................. 1-4
9. Keeping Your Knowledge Refreshed and Up to Date.............................................................. 1-4

SECTION 2: BEFORE PLACING PUMPING SYSTEM IN SERVICE....................................................... 2-1

1. Create a Pump Chart .................................................................................................................. 2-1
2. Check Adjustment of Intake Relief Valve................................................................................. 2-1

SECTION 3: OPERATION................................................................................................................................ 3-1

1. Approaching the Apparatus ....................................................................................................... 3-1
1.1 Stepping and Walking Surfaces ............................................................................................... 3-1
1.2 Compartment Doors................................................................................................................. 3-2
1.3 Hose Bed Covers...................................................................................................................... 3-2
1.4 Folding Steps or Platforms....................................................................................................... 3-2
2. Hose .............................................................................................................................................. 3-3
2.1 Hose Storage ............................................................................................................................ 3-3
2.2 Hose Chutes ............................................................................................................................. 3-3
2.3 Hose Beds ................................................................................................................................ 3-3
2.4 Hose Deployment..................................................................................................................... 3-4
2.5 Hose Connections .................................................................................................................... 3-5
3. Positioning the Apparatus .......................................................................................................... 3-5
3.1 Fire Scene Positioning ............................................................................................................. 3-5
3.2 Positioning on Roads ............................................................................................................... 3-5
3.3 Lighting.................................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.4 Chock the Wheels .................................................................................................................... 3-6
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
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4. Pump Operation.......................................................................................................................... 3-6
4.1 Driveline Driven Pump ............................................................................................................ 3-6
4.1a To Engage the Pump........................................................................................................... 3-6
4.1b Manual Pump Shift (Optional) .......................................................................................... 3-8
4.2 PTO-Driven Pump ................................................................................................................... 3-9
4.2a To Engage the Pump Stationary Operation ..................................................................... 3-9
4.2b Engaging PTO-driven pump when vehicle is driving (Optional)....................................... 3-9
4.3 Supply Water to Pump........................................................................................................... 3-10
5. Adjusting the Pump Pressure................................................................................................... 3-12
5.1 Determine Discharge Pressure ............................................................................................... 3-12
5.2 Engine Speed and Pump Pressure.......................................................................................... 3-12
5.3 Controlling Engine Speed Apparatus Not Equipped with a Pressure Governor ................. 3-13
5.4 Controlling Engine Speed, Pumping Apparatus Equipped with a Pressure Governor........ 3-15
5.5 Controlling Engine Speed, Not Pumping Apparatus Equipped with a Pressure Governor . 3-15
5.6 Controlling Engine Speed with Multiple Controls................................................................. 3-16
6. Discharging Water .................................................................................................................... 3-16
6.1 Connecting Attack Line Hose ................................................................................................ 3-16
6.2 Charging Line ........................................................................................................................ 3-17
7. Discharging Foam ..................................................................................................................... 3-18
8. Changing from Tank to External Water Supply (with Gated Intake Valve)....................... 3-18
8.1 Connect Intake Hose .............................................................................................................. 3-19
8.2 Charge the Intake Line (Pressurized Supply)......................................................................... 3-20
8.3 Supply the Pump.................................................................................................................... 3-20
9. Pump Priming Problem Solutions ........................................................................................... 3-21
9.1 Control Valves That Leak...................................................................................................... 3-21
10. Monitoring Intake Pressure ..................................................................................................... 3-21
11. Refilling the Tank...................................................................................................................... 3-22
12. Changing from Tank to External Water Supply (Without Gated Intake Valve) ................ 3-23
12.1 Stop Flowing Water ............................................................................................................... 3-23
12.2 If you are connecting to a pressurized supply, charge intake line:......................................... 3-23
12.3 Resume Discharge Operation................................................................................................. 3-24
13. Two-Stage Pump Operation (Optional) ................................................................................... 3-24
13.1 Select Either Volume or Pressure Mode ................................................................................ 3-24
13.2 Mode Selection with Pressurized Sources ............................................................................. 3-24
13.3 Priming a Two-Stage Pump ................................................................................................... 3-24
14. Engine Status Display ............................................................................................................... 3-25
15. Ending Water Flow Operation................................................................................................. 3-26
15.1 Shutting Off Water Flow ....................................................................................................... 3-26
15.2 Disengaging the Pump (Driveline Driven Pump) .................................................................. 3-26
15.3 Disengaging the Pump (PTO Driven Pump Stationary Operation)..................................... 3-26
15.4 Disengaging the Pump (Pump and Roll)................................................................................ 3-27
15.5 Securing Pump System.......................................................................................................... 3-27
16. Operating from a Static (Draft) Water Supply....................................................................... 3-28

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
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SECTION 4: MAINTENANCE ......................................................................................................................... 4-1

1. Inspection, Cleaning, and Maintenance .................................................................................... 4-1
1.1 Maintenance Schedule ............................................................................................................. 4-1
2. Draining the Pumping System.................................................................................................... 4-1
3. Flushing the Drain Valves .......................................................................................................... 4-2
3.1 Forward Flushing..................................................................................................................... 4-2
3.2 Back Flushing .......................................................................................................................... 4-3
4. Annual Testing............................................................................................................................. 4-3
5. Flushing and Draining the Pump............................................................................................... 4-3
6. Pump Storage............................................................................................................................... 4-4
7. Primer Pump Lubrication.......................................................................................................... 4-4
8. Manual Pump Shift ..................................................................................................................... 4-4
9. Intake Relief Valve Drain (Optional) ......................................................................................... 4-5
10. Master Gauge Ports..................................................................................................................... 4-5

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
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SECTION 1: TO THE OWNER
1. Who Should Use, Service and Maintain This Vehicle
This manual explains the operation of a Pierce fire apparatus equipped with a water pump. The manual reviews basic
principles of operation, highlights common safety concerns and procedures, and gives recommendations for using the pump.
This manual assumes that you are a pump operator and that:
You have already been fully trained and certified to operate a pump.
You have had formal education from a technical college or other fire fighter training institution.
You understand, are proficient in, and meet all of the requirements set forth in NFPA 1002 Standard on Fire
Apparatus Driver/Operator Professional Qualifications (latest edition).
You already understand water pump operation.
All Pierce vehicles are delivered with a set of manuals for major components that your fire department selected.
If you need replacement manuals, or safety warning labels, contact Pierce customer service at 888-Y-PIERCE or
888-974-3723.
BEFORE operating the pumping system, you, the operator, must read, understand, and follow the instructions found in:
Pump manufacturers operator and maintenance manuals.
Operator and maintenance manuals for pumping components, such as valves, pressure controllers, flow controls,
manual overrides, foam systems, and primer pumps.
IFSTA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook (latest edition).
2. What To Do If You Lack Knowledge
Pump control systems require you to understand the function of each valve, each switch, each gauge, each Emergency Stop,
and each manual override.
Before your fire department allows you to operate this pump, you already must be educated, trained, and have passed a test
for pump logic and operations.
You also must know the principles of operation, so you can change operation when circumstances change.
Each valve, switch, or gauge has an important function. If you are uncertain about the function or dont know something,
inform your fire departments training officer.
You are always welcome to call Pierce Customer Service at 888-Y-PIERCE or 888-974-3723 with questions.
You are the only person who knows what you dont know. You must speak up about the things you dont know, so you can
learn about them before someone is injured or killed because of your lack of knowledge.
You are responsible for learning how to operate the pumper under all conditions without having to read this manual at a fire
or other emergency.


TO THE OWNER
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3. Cautions, Warnings and Dangers
3.1 Safety Warning Labels
Throughout this manual, you will find Caution, Warning and Danger signals. Walk around the apparatus. Find each Safety
Warning Label. Read the label. Identify and pay attention to the hazard it describes. Practice all the time to avoid the hazard,
so you develop a habit to avoid the hazard:

CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
CAUTION used without the safety triangle symbol signals a
potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, might result in
property damage.

CAUTION with the safety triangle signals a potentially hazardous
situation that, if not avoided, might result in minor or moderate
injury.

WARNING signals a potentially hazardous situation that, if not
avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

DANGER signals an imminently hazardous situation that, if not
avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

4. Responsibility
Study carefully this manual and the manuals for major components such as pump, engine, and other allied equipment. Make
sure that all operators and other users also completely understand their contents.
The warnings, cautions, and procedures listed in these manuals must be part of the fire departments safety program.
As the operator of this vehicle and pumping equipment, you are responsible for:
Understanding the function of each component of the pumping system.
Understanding how to adjust each control to obtain the results you want.
Maintaining control of the pumping system at all times.
Remaining proficient in use, so at a fire you can operate and make successful changes in the operation quickly,
without having to read the operators instructions or safety warning labels.
Practicing proper manual override and emergency shutdown procedures, so you can respond immediately in an
emergency or during the failure of a component. Remember stress is high. Your failure to practice increases the
odds you will forget or do it wrong in the heat of the moment.
TO THE OWNER
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5. Daily Checks
At start of shift, follow your departments apparatus check.
It is critically important that you turn each controlvalve, gate, or switch, etc.ON and OFF or OPEN and CLOSED. You
want to make sure they work now. You dont want to find out at a fire.
ALWAYS check the controls you rarely use. That also reminds you of their location and their function.
If you find a control whose function you do not know, then right away find out what it does. Every control serves a purpose.
You must know the purpose and how to use the control.
Pierce customer service is always available to help you and answer your questions. Call 888-974-3723.
6. Custom Products
Your department developed specifications for this fire apparatus. It purchased a Pierce apparatus that is built to meet those
specifications. The information in this manual will be generic at times.
Due to the highly customized nature of each Pierce fire apparatus, the exact location of each component in the pumper system
will vary.
This manual describes basic controls. Not every apparatus will have all controls. Some will have extra controls, as
determined by each fire departments specification.
Pictures describe typical components or devices. Actual parts might vary from those pictured.
You must learn the location and function of all controls, valves, inlets, and discharges.
Contact Pierce Customer Service at 888-Y-PIERCE or 888-974-3723 if you have questions that this manual does not address
or if you do not understand the information.
7. Professional, Training, and Standards Organizations
To keep up-to-date on knowledge and new standards that affect all facets of firefighting, make sure that you check these
organizations catalogues and websites each month:

National Fire Protection Association (for standards and requirements)
One Batterymarch Park
P.O. Box 9101
Quincy, MA 02269-9101
617-770-3000
www.nfpa.org
Make sure you read the latest editions.
TO THE OWNER
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Pierce Manufacturing Inc.
Customer Service
2600 American Drive
P.O. Box 2017
Appleton, WI, 54913
888-Y-PIERCE or 888-974-3723
www.piercemfg.com

International Fire Service Training Association (for textbooks and other training material)
Fire Protection Publications
Oklahoma State University
930 North Willis
Stillwater, OK 74079-8045
800-654-4055
www.ifsta.org
8. Safety Defect Reporting
If you believe your vehicle or any associated component might have a design defect that could result in failure or injury,
please report this information immediately to Pierce Manufacturing.
Additionally, should any information in this manual prove to be seriously inconsistent with your Pierce fire apparatus also
inform Pierce Customer Service.
Most service and support issues should be handled by the local Pierce dealer or sales representative. However, to report any
design defects or request support directly from Pierce contact:
Customer Service
Pierce Manufacturing, Inc.
2600 American Drive, P.O. Box 2017
Appleton, WI, 54913
888-Y-PIERCE or 888-974-3723
www.piercemfg.com
9. Keeping Your Knowledge Refreshed and Up-to-Date
This manual will be revised from time to time. Check the Pierce website, www.pieremfg.com, to stay current.
A log exists at the end of this manual so you and other operators can track the dates you review this manual.
Also review the latest edition of the IFSTA (www.ifsta.org) manual Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook.
Remember, if theres anything you dont understand, call Pierce customer service at 888-974-3723.
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SECTION 2: BEFORE PLACING PUMPING SYSTEM IN SERVICE
1. Create a Pump Chart
Use a Pump Chart to determine the pump discharge pressure that will provide desired nozzle pressure for various hose lay
configurations and combinations.
The IFSTA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook tells how to develop a pump chart. Develop the chart for all
situations.
Make sure this chart is always available during pump operation.
2. Check Adjustment of Intake Relief Valve
All pumps have a relief valve on the intake side. It prevents a pressure spike in intake water from passing to hoses through
the discharge side of the pump.
The intake relief valve is a pressure regulator. If intake pressure goes over the pressure setting, the valve opens and allows
water to flow out the relief outlet.
Some departments choose to connect a hose to the relief valve outlet to direct the water discharge away from the apparatus.
Pressure surges in this hose can occur without warning.


Secure unattended hoses.
Water discharged from hose will cause hose to whip violently.
Whipping hose can injure or kill.

To adjust this valve for desired pressure, the intake pressure to the pump must be higher than the normal static pressure of the
municipal water supply. The best method to adjust the valve is to use another pumper to supply water at the desired pressure.
Increase inlet pressure until the master inlet pressure gauge reads the relief pressure you want.
With a wrench, slowly open the adjusting screw on the valve until water starts to flow from the valve outlet.
Slowly close the adjusting screw until the water stops flowing.
Read the valve manufacturers documentation for complete instructions.
Selected Inlet Relief Valves. Relief outlet pipe with threaded end shown on right.
BEFORE PLACING PUMPING SYSTEM IN SERVICE
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SECTION 3: OPERATION
1. Approaching the Apparatus
1.1 Stepping and Walking Surfaces
All surfaces intended for stepping or walking are designed or treated with slip-resistant material your department specified.
NEVER step or walk on surfaces not designed for stepping or walking, such as:
Chromed surfaces or objects
Painted surfaces
Hose rollers
Compartment doors or hatches
Valves
Controls
Inlet or Outlet Connections


ALWAYS be careful when climbing up or down to avoid a slip and
fall, and potential injury to yourself and others.
Enter and exit cabs slowly, deliberately, and carefully.
NEVER jump to ground. You can injure yourself.

ALWAYS maintain three points of contact when climbing up or
down.
Keep contact with one hand and two feet, or two hands and one foot.
Use steps, handholds, or sturdy features on the apparatus.
ONLY grasp or step on items appropriate for climbing on or firmly
attached objects.

Keep steps and handholds in good repair, and free of grease, mud,
dirt, fuel, ice, and snow.
Make sure all attaching bolts and hardware are tight, thus eliminating
any movement of steps and handholds.

NEVER step or climb on any vehicle surface unless it is slip-resistant
and handholds are provided.
Replace slip-resistant material when worn.

OPERATION
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1.2 Compartment Doors
Always close swing-up or swing-out compartment doors. People can walk into doors left open at lower levels.
Personnel working on top of the apparatus can mistake an open horizontal door for a walking surface.

NEVER step on open compartment doors.
They do not support your weight.
Falls can cause serious injury or death.
1.3 Hose Bed Covers
Some apparatus are equipped with aluminum hose bed covers. Always close after use. They protect hose from sun and
weather. Hose bed covers are heavy. They might require two or more people to open or close safely.

CLOSE hose covers after use.
Hose bed covers can cause serious injury if blown shut by wind.
Keep personnel clear of open hose bed covers during windy
conditions.
1.4 Folding Steps or Platforms
Before beginning pump operations, make sure that folding steps or platforms are DOWN and firmly engaged in their weight-
bearing position.
When operating the pump on an aerial apparatus, always stand with both feet on the operators platform and off the ground.
Your body will become an electrical path to ground if you stand with one foot on the platform and one on the ground, or with
both feet on the ground and your hands on the apparatus. If the aerial device contacts or comes close to high voltage power
lines, electricity can shoot through you. You can die.


High voltage electricity can travel down a water stream.
NEVER spray through electric wires.
High voltage can cause death or serious injury.

Keep OFF the ground when operating an aerial device.
ALWAYS stand with both feet on the pump operators platform of
an aerial device.
High voltage can jump gaps between wires and apparatus.
Electrical power will pass through people who stand on the ground
and touch the apparatus.
Electrical power lines can cause death or serious injury.

OPERATION
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2. Hose
2.1 Hose Storage
The hose is stored in:
Body Compartments
Bumper Compartments
Cross-Lay Trays
Speed-Lay Trays
Hose Beds
Reels
Hose Chutes
Evaluate each way of storing hose. Determine the most efficient and safest way to pack hose for your fire departments use.
If hose is to be laid from a moving apparatus, first test the packing method under controlled conditions to learn the MPH at
which hose will lay out smoothly, without snags or snarls.
2.2 Hose Chutes
Some aerial apparatus have a hose chute. The chute guides the hose from the hose bed around the aerial turntable, then out
the back of the vehicle.
NEVER pack hose in the hose chute, because that can cause snagging and snarling.
To avoid creating a jam of tangled hose in the hose chute:
Lay couplings so they are pulled out straight, without flipping around.
Lay hose so that it never crosses over itself when paying out.
Maintain vehicle speed of 5 MPH or less. At 5 MPH, seven feet of hose is pulled out each second. If you travel
more than 5 MPH, you are likely to cause a hose jam in the hose chute.
2.3 Hose Beds
Hose beds come in many shapes and sizes. Hose characteristics vary with the size, type, and age of the hose.
Experiment with different methods of packing a specific hose, bed, and chute combination to determine a packing method
that will lay out without snagging or snarling. Make sure you learn the maximum MPH at which hose can be laid out.


Pack hose carefully in any hose bed to minimize the risk of hose
snags or snarls as it lays out.
Hose that snags or snarls during layout from a moving vehicle can fly
about, causing serious injury or death to bystanders.

OPERATION
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2.4 Hose Deployment
Any operation where people are working around a moving vehicle is dangerous. All occupants must be seated and belted
while the vehicle is in motion. NEVER ride on rear steps or other areas outside the cab.


NEVER ride on rear steps or other areas outside the cab.

Limit speed to 5 MPH when laying hose.

ALWAYS use a spotter when backing up.
Keep the spotter and all other people clear of the vehicles path.

All occupants MUST be seated and belted while vehicle is in motion.

When laying hose, an anchorman must protect himself from the dangers of flying hose.
It is safest to use rope to tie the hose to the hydrant. In the absence of rope, anchor the hose by wrapping the end half way
around the hydrant in a J-pattern only. Never wrap more than half way around the hydrant. Wedge the end fitting against the
hydrant with a booted foot. Stand clear of the hose so that you will be away from the hose if it becomes taut and swings out
from the hydrant. A snag in the hose bed can pull the hose loose. The metal fitting can swing around and break your leg.
Keep people clear of the hose being laid before driving the vehicle.
When laying hose, limit vehicle speed to 5 MPH to minimize risk to personnel, equipment, and bystanders.
Avoid kinks, crimps, and twists when laying fire hose.


Flying hose is extremely hazardous.
Keep all people clear of hose being laid by a moving vehicle.
Flying hose can injure or kill.


Fire hose under pressure can burst without warning.
NEVER straddle or stand over a charged hose.
Always wear complete protective gear, even when testing.
Burst hose can injure or kill.

OPERATION
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2.5 Hose Connections
Hose fittings are critical to safe delivery of water to a fire. Treat hose connections with care and inspect regularly.


Hose fittings can fail without warning.
Inspect hose fittings for cracks, chips or other damage and replace
when worn or damaged.
Damaged or worn fittings can burst without warning.
Burst fittings can injure or kill.

3. Positioning the Apparatus
3.1 Fire Scene Positioning
Heat from a fire can damage electrical systems, rubber seals and gaskets, and plastic components. Always place apparatus
upwind from the fire and at a safe distance away from flames.
Diesel engines consume as much as 1200 cubic feet of clean air every minute. Hot embers sucked into the air intake can
cause the air cleaner element to ignite. Although Pierce Custom Chassis are equipped with ember barriers composed of mesh
screens or perforated metal, they are not a foolproof guarantee of protection.


Operate apparatus away from burning embers that can be sucked into
the air intake system.
Burning embers in the engine air filter can cause engine fire.
Engine fire can cause property damage, serious injury, or death.

Always leave a way out. Always position the apparatus in a location that allows a quick retreat if conditions change.
Always park upwind of the fire. Never park the apparatus downwind of the fire.
Always avoid electrical lines. Never park under electrical lines.
3.2 Positioning on Roads
Position the apparatus so that it protects emergency personnel. Many departments choose to park the apparatus at an angle so
that personnel can work behind the vehicle, out of the direct path of on-coming vehicles.
Keep emergency response lighting ON to alert traffic.
OPERATION
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3.3 Lighting
As soon as possible, provide good lighting for people working on and around the apparatus. Use extendable lighting or
lighting from another apparatus.
Make sure that the pump operator can clearly observe controls, gauges, and hose connections, and can watch the condition of
hoses and attack personnel to the greatest extent possible.
3.4 Chock the Wheels
ALWAYS place wheel chocks on both front and rear of tire when vehicle is parked.
Chock wheels as soon as you exit the cab.
4. Pump Operation
4.1 Driveline Driven Pump
a.) To Engage the Pump:
Shift Transmission Into Neutral (N).
Pull Parking Brake to Apply to prevent vehicle from rolling.
If the parking brake is OFF, safety interlocks prevent hand throttles or pressure governors from operating.
NOTE:
o If the parking brake is applied, but then released during pump operation, the hand throttle or pressure
governor will be disconnected, and the engine speed will fall to IDLE. A loss of water pressure will
result.
o Manual Override: The pump speed will then be controlled only by the drivers throttle pedal.
Chock the Wheels
Block both front and rear of tire using wheel chocks every time you part the vehicle.
Engage the Pump Shift Control
The pump shift control is located in the cab. Flip Pump Shift Control
DOWN to engage pump. Wait up to 4 seconds for pump to engage.





NEVER operate pump with Pump Shift Control in ROAD position.
Vehicle can move. Vehicle can override parking brake.
Moving vehicle can injure or kill.

OPERATION
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Look at Indicator Light
Look at the PUMP ENGAGED indicator light. This indicator light turns ON when the pump shift control is
moved from the ROAD position to the PUMP position. It confirms that air pressure has been sent to the pump
shift actuator in the pump house and the actuator has moved. This means that the pump transmission has shifted.

CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
The pump will fail to shift if the gear teeth fail to mesh.
In this case:
Shift chassis transmission into Neutral (N)
Shift chassis transmission into Reverse (R)
Shift chassis transmission into Neutral (N)
Shift chassis transmission into Drive (D).
Transmission should shift into pump.
Repeat as necessary.

Shift the Transmission into Drive (D)
Shift Transmission into Drive (D). A driveline-driven pump has a Pump in Drive label. It says that the
transmission must be shifted into DRIVE for pumping.
Look at Speedometer
If the speedometer indicates approximately 12 to 18 MPH and the vehicle is NOT moving, then the pump is
successfully engaged. Look for the speedometer showing some value of road speed, in the range of 12 to 18
MPH.
Look at Indicator Light
The OK TO PUMP light turns ON only when:
Pump Shift Control has successfully engaged the pump, AND
Transmission has been successfully shifted into DRIVE, AND
Transmission torque converter is in the locked mode.
Make sure OK to Pump light is ON and speedometer shows some value of road speed10-15 MPH. When
BOTH conditions are met, you have successfully shifted from ROAD into PUMP gear. You are now ready to
pump water.


CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
Begin pumping water right away after engaging pump.
Recirculate water if hoses are not ready to keep water cool.
Running pump dry for more than a few minutes will cause damage.

OPERATION
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b.) Manual Pump Shift Override (Optional)
The manual pump shift control is located on the pump panel. This handle also controls the shift lever on the pump.
If the air shift fails to engage the pump, THEN use the manual pump shift instead of the air shift. This is a manual
override and requires two people to operate.
Practice using the manual pump shift, so you and a partner can do it automatically if the air shift fails.
Position One Person in the Drivers Seat and One Person at the Pump Panel
Shift the Transmission into Neutral (N)
Pull Parking Brake to Apply
Place Pump Shift Control in NEUTRAL
Move the Pump Shift Control located in the cab into the middle or NEUTRAL position.
Engage Manual Shift Handle
Waterous Pump: Push the Manual Shift T-Handle in towards the pump panel with steady pressure using the
palm of your hand.
Hale Pump: Pull the Manual Shift Handle with steady pressure.
Shift the Transmission into Drive (D)
Place Pump Shift Control in PUMP
Move the Pump Shift Control back into the PUMP position.
Shift the Transmission into Neutral (N)
Shift the Transmission into Drive (D)


Pump Shift Control must be in the PUMP position when running
pump.
After engaging pump with manual shift, leave Pump Shift Control in
NEUTRAL to prevent 4
th
gear lockup.
Engine in 4
th
gear lockup can overheat or shift gears causing engine
damage and pressure surges.
CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
ONLY operate manual pump shift when BOTH automatic
transmission AND Pump Shift Control are in NEUTRAL.
Engine or transmission damage can occur.

OPERATION
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4.2 PTO-Driven Pump
a.) To Engage the Pump - Stationary Operation
Shift Transmission into Neutral (N)
Before engaging a PTO-driven pump for stationary operation, shift the transmission into NEUTRAL (N).
Vehicles with a PTO-driven pump display a Pump in Neutral label.
Pull Parking Brake to Apply
If you fail to apply the parking brake, safety interlocks prevent operation of hand throttle or pressure governor.
NOTE: If the parking brake is released during pump operation, the hand throttle or pressure governor is
disconnected AND the engine speed falls to IDLE. Water pressure to the hose will drop. The pump speed will
then be controlled only by the drivers throttle pedal. That is the manual override.
Chock the Wheels
Block both front and rear of tire using wheel chocks.
Engage the Pump
Activate the PTO Pump Shift control located on the drivers panel in the cab.
Observe Pump Engaged and OK to Pump indicator lamps
The PUMP ENGAGED and OK TO PUMP indicator lights turn ON when:
o PTO is engaged AND
o Pump is spinning.

CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
Begin pumping water immediately after engaging pump.
Recirculate water if you are unable to flow through a hose to keep
water cool.
Running pump dry for more than a few minutes will cause damage.

b.) Engaging PTO-driven pump when vehicle is driving (Optional)
Stop Vehicle
Shift Transmission into Neutral (N)
Pull Parking Brake to Apply
Engage the Pump
Activate the PTO Pump Shift control located on the drivers panel in the cab.
Observe Indicator Light
The PUMP ENGAGED indicator lights only when PTO has been engaged and the pump is spinning.
Provide Water Supply to Pump
Open the Tank-to-Pump valve to provide water to the pump.
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CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
Begin pumping water right away after engaging pump.
Recirculate water if you are unable to flow through a hose to keep
water cool.
Running pump dry for more than a few minutes will cause damage.

Shift Transmission into Drive (D)
For pump-and-roll operation the transmission must be in the Drive (D) position.
Release Parking Brake
Look at Indicator Light
The OK TO PUMP light turns ON when:
o PTO Pump is engaged, AND
o Transmission has been successfully shifted into DRIVE, AND
o Parking Brake is released.


Pump-and-roll operation is dangerous.
NEVER ride outside the cab when the vehicle is moving.
Keep personnel walking to the side of the vehicle and in sight of
driver at all times.
Drive slowly.
4.3 Supply Water to Pump
Open Tank-to-Pump Valve
The Tank-to-Pump valve controls the flow between the water tank and pump
inlet. With this valve OPEN, water from the tank floods the pump intake
manifold and slowly primes the pump.
Open Primer Valve
If the pump is dry, engage primer to expel air in the pump to get prime.
Open Tank Fill or Recirculating Valve
The Tank Fill valve opens the connection from the discharge side of the pump to the
water tank. Open Tank Fill Valve to refill the water tank from a water source that is
connected to an intake fitting.
With the Tank-to-Pump valve and the Tank Fill valve both OPEN, water recirculates
from the tank, through the pump, and back to the tank. This cools the pump before you
begin flowing water to a discharge line.
ALWAYS crack open the Tank Fill Valve when running the pump. If you fail to continuously circulate water
through the pump chamber, the water trapped in the pump chamber heats to boiling in seconds. Boiling water
and steam can injure people. It also damages pump seals and gaskets.
When recirculating water, the water in the tank will eventually become too hot to cool the pump. Exchange
tank water with fresh water to keep pump cooled.
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Keep track of water temperature:
o Touch the outlet pipe to see how warm it is. If it is hot to the touch, it is time to bring fresh, cool
water into the water tank or turn OFF pump.
o Watch tank temperature gauge (if your fire department selected this option). When temperature
reaches 175 degrees F, then add fresh cool water or turn OFF pump.


Keep pump water cool.
ALWAYS circulate fresh water through the pump.
Pump can heat trapped water to boiling in seconds.
Burst lines can spray personnel with scalding water.
Scalding water can injure or kill.

Open Recirculating Valve (Optional)
A dedicated Recirculating Valve opens a small water flow from the pump to the tank. The flow
through this line cools the pump. The recirculating line does not let water flow from the tank to
the pump, so it works only if the Tank to Pump valve is OPEN, or if the intake is supplied by a
water source.
Open Engine Cooler Valve
OPEN the Engine Cooler Valve to provide more engine cooling when air temperature is above 80 degrees F, or
if engine overheats. Heavy pumping in hot temperatures requires extra engine cooling.
The Engine Cooler transfers heat to the pump discharge water through a heat exchanger.
Turn the knob one-quarter turn counterclockwise to the left to OPEN the valve. To CLOSE the
valve again, turn the knob one-quarter turn clockwise to the right.
Many departments leave this valve fully OPENED during summer and CLOSED during winter.
CLOSE the Engine Cooler Valve for road operation during cold weather for more cab heat.

CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
Engine Cooler adds engine heat to the pump water.
Tank water will heat up faster when engine cooler valve is open.

Observe Pump-Overheat Indicator (Optional)
Watch the Pump-Overheat indicator during pumping operations to make sure that the pump
stays cool.
If the Overheat indicator light turns ON, add fresh water, recirculate, discharge water, or shut
engine OFF to cool the pump.
OPERATION
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5. Adjusting the Pump Pressure


Hand Throttle Systems can malfunction.
If engine control is lost at pump panel, assign someone to use foot
pedal in cab to continue pumping operation.

5.1 Determine Discharge Pressure
Pump pressure is determined by:
Engine Speed
Pump Size
Discharge Restriction (size and length of discharge hose)
Intake Restriction (size and length of intake hose)
System Restriction (size and shape of valves, fittings, manifolds, etc.)
You must determine a pump pressure that will provide the desired nozzle pressure, based on the number and size of attack
lines that are deployed.
Determine this pressure for all fire-fighting situations you might encounter, and record them on a Pump Chart. Keep the
Pump Chart in a location accessible to the pump operator.
Refer to the IFSTA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook (latest edition) for procedures on creating a Pump Chart.

Hoses and Nozzles can explode if over-pressurized.
NEVER exceed pressure rating of downstream devices.
Exploding devices can injure or kill.


Keep control of hose under pressure.
Hose under pressure wants to fly about.
Flying hose can injure or kill.

5.2 Engine Speed and Pump Pressure
The pump pressure is controlled by regulating the engine speed. If the apparatus is equipped with a pressure
governor, the governor will regulate the engine speed automatically to maintain the desired pump pressure.
OPERATION
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5.3 Controlling Engine Speed Apparatus Not Equipped with a Pressure Governor
Observe Interlock Lamp
If the interlock light above the Hand Throttle Control on the pump panel is ON, it means you can change engine
RPMs.
Two sets of conditions will turn ON the light:
Parking Brake applied.
Transmission in 4
th
gear lockup.
Pump shift complete.
- OR -
Parking Brake applied.
Transmission is in NEUTRAL.
If either set of conditions fails, the Hand Throttle will be disabled. Engine speed control is then controlled
ONLY by the foot throttle pedal in the cab. That is the manual override.
Increase Engine Speed Using Hand Throttle
o Turn counterclockwise to the left to INCREASE
engine speed.
o Turn clockwise to the right to DECREASE engine
speed.
o Adjust friction collar to set resistance to main
constant engine speed.
o Press red button to return engine speed to IDLE.




CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
For non-emergency situations, return the engine speed to idle by
turning the hand throttle knob. Continual use of the red button will
wear out the threads on the screw and cause premature failure of the
hand throttle.
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Emergency Shut-Off
Push IN the red button to return engine speed to IDLE.
Practice hitting the Emergency Stop button until the movement becomes automatic. In an emergency you want
to react automatically.
If you fail to shift from Road to Pump, you can override the parking brake as you increase engine RPMs. If you
feel the apparatus move, IMMEDIATELY push IN the emergency stop. It drops engine speed to IDLE. The
wheel chocks and parking brake will then hold the vehicle in place.


Emergency Stop button drops the engine to IDLE only.
Engine at IDLE creates water pressure.
If an emergency requires that water stop flowing, close the
discharge valves.
If an emergency requires that the engine stop, turn OFF the
ignition switch in the cab.
CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
Press red shutdown button on the hand throttle after use to make
sure it is set to lowest possible idle speed.
Hand throttle left at a higher speed will return to that speed when
hand throttle control is resumed.
CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
Practice hitting the Emergency Stop switch.
The Emergency Stop switch will drop the engine RPM to IDLE.
Practice this action until it is second nature, so you can bring engine
to IDLE in an emergency.

Increase Engine Speed Using Optional Electronic Throttle
o Adjust Engine Speed using toggle switch.
o Press red button to return to IDLE. Red button is also an Emergency Stop. Practice using the
Emergency Stop.

Observe Master Discharge Pressure Gauge
Increase or decrease engine speed to maintain the pump pressure you want. Watch
the Master Discharge Gauge and adjust the engine speed faster or slower to get the
pressure you want.
Activate Discharge Relief Valve
For apparatus equipped with an ON/OFF switch, turn the Discharge Relief Valve ON. The
Discharge Relief Valve prevents pressure spikes. It limits the maximum discharge pressure by
opening a gate and bypassing water back to inlet side of pump.
If the discharge pressure goes above the relief valve setting, water goes from the discharge
manifold back into the intake manifold until the water pressure in the discharge manifold drops
below the relief pressure.
OPERATION
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Adjust Discharge Relief Pilot Valve
The Discharge Relief Pilot Valve controls the pressure relief setting.
Turn the pilot knob counterclockwise to the left until the amber OPEN indicator light is ON and there is a slight
drop in discharge pressure. Then turn the pilot knob clockwise to the right slowly to the point where the amber
OPEN light is OFF and the green CLOSED light is ON.
If the amber light is ON, the relief valve is open and flow is being bypassed. If more pressure is desired, the
relief valve must be adjusted upward. If the current pressure setting is adequate, reduce the engine speed until
the green light is ON.
5.4 Controlling Engine Speed, Pumping Vehicles Equipped with a Pressure Governor
If the apparatus is equipped with a pressure governor, the governor will regulate the engine speed automatically
to maintain the desired pump pressure.
Select Pressure Mode
Place pressure governor in the PRESSURE mode. Switching methods will vary depending on the manufacturer
of the pressure governor.
Adjust Desired Pressure
Use the INCREASE or DECREASE controls to change the desired pressure setting.


Apparatus equipped with pressure governors normally do not have
pressure relief valves. The pressure governor performs the function
of the relief valve.
Always pump in pressure governor mode.
Pumping in throttle mode can cause high pressure and/or pressure
spikes. Pressure spikes can injure or kill.

When placed in the PRESSURE mode, the system will monitor pressure, increasing or decreasing the engine
speed to maintain the set pressure. The THROTTLE mode allows the operator to increase engine speed when
not pumping, to increase alternator output, warm the engine, or other non-pumping operations.
5.5 Controlling Engine Speed, Not Pumping Vehicles Equipped with a Pressure Governor
Select Throttle Mode
Adjust Desired Engine Speed (RPM)
Press the red button to return the engine speed to idle.
The red button also serves as the Emergency Stop. Practice using the Emergency Stop.
OPERATION
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5.6 Controlling Engine Speed with Multiple Controls
Some apparatus have both a Hand Throttle and a Pressure Governor. The Throttle Selector Switch determines which control
is ON.
If Hand Throttle is selected, you will control engine speed manually.
If Pressure Governor is selected, the Pressure Governor controls engine speed.
ALWAYS return the control you are not using to the IDLE position.


Transferring engine speed control between Hand Throttle and
Pressure Governor can cause a jump in engine speed.
Engine speed changes can cause discharge water pressure spikes.
Spikes in discharge pressure can cause hoses to kick with great force,
causing injury.
6. Discharging Water

6.1 Connecting Attack Line Hose
Close Discharge Valve
CLOSE Discharge Valve to keep water from flowing once the Discharge Cap is removed.
Open Drain/Bleeder Valve
Turn Drain/Bleeder Valve counterclockwise to the left to OPEN.
Air pressure can be trapped between the Discharge Valve and the Discharge Cap. You must bleed off this
pressure BEFORE the cap is removed. Otherwise, any trapped air pressure can blow the cap off with great
force and injure someone.


ALWAYS OPEN Drain/Bleeder Valve BEFORE removing inlet or
Discharge Cap.
Discharge lines can trap pressure if the valve is opened and left
closed.
Discharge cap under pressure will blow off with explosive force.
Exploding Cap will injure or kill.



OPERATION
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Open Discharge Cap Vent if One is Provided
Some Discharge Caps have a pressure release vent on the cap. If cap has a vent, OPEN vent before removing
cap.
Remove Discharge Cap
Remove the Discharge Cap after you are certain that pressure has been bled from behind it. You cannot tell by
how hard the cap rotates whether pressure exists or not.
BEFORE removing Discharge Cap, OPEN the Pressure Release Valve or Drain Bleeder Valve to make sure
that trapped air pressure escapes.
Connect the Discharge Hose
Connect the discharge hose to the discharge connection.
Adjust the Discharge Swivel
If the discharge connection has a swivel fitting, move the swivel so the hose points AWAY from the pump
operators area.
Close the Drain/Bleeder Valve
6.2 Charging Line
Slowly Open Discharge Valve
Open and close discharge valves slowly. Rapidly opening a valve sends a surge of water through the hose,
making it difficult to control. Rapidly closing a valve will cause a pressure spike in other hoses.
OPEN Discharge Valve one-half OPEN until attack line is filled with water and air is expelled from hose.
Observe personnel on the end of the attack line while the hose is filling.


Opening valves rapidly can cause pressure spikes.
Open and close valves slowly.
Pressure spikes can cause hoses to kick with great force, causing
injury.
CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
Opening valves rapidly can cause water hammer.
Water hammer can damage the pump and other water system
components.


Adjust Discharge Valve
AFTER air is expelled from the line and water is flowing steadily from the attack nozzle, adjust
the Discharge Valves to send the flow you want to each line.
Observe Tank Level Indicator
Water level in the water tank drops as water flows to the attack lines. Watch the Tank Level
Indicator. Plan ahead to add external water before you empty the tank.

OPERATION
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Learn how to open and close valves using these controls on your pump panel:

T-Handle Controls
Pull to Open Valve
Push to Close Valve
Rotate Counterclockwise to the left to Lock
Lever Controls
Pull to Open Valve
Push to Close Valve
Rotate Knob Clockwise to the right to Lock
Hand Wheel Controls
Rotate Counterclockwise to the left to Open Valve
Rotate Clockwise to the right to Close Valve
Electronic Controls
Follow Instructions on Controls. Be sure to read the Operation Manual.
7. Discharging Foam
See Foam System Operators Manual
8. Changing from Tank to External Pressurized Water Supply (with Gated Intake Valve)
Soon after the pump is running and water is being supplied to the discharge lines, you need to establish an external source of
water BEFORE the water tank is empty. This supply can come from a hydrant, from another apparatus, or from a draft
source, such as a pond, river, or portable tank.
A gate intake allows you to maintain water flow at the same pressure at the same time you switch to an external water supply.
In the absence of a gate intake valve, clear fire fighters from the attack area before you change to external water supply,
because you will lose all water pressure.
Most fire departments provide their own gate valves. Pierce recommends use of a gate valve.
Before using water from a hydrant, open and vent the hydrant for about 30 seconds to flush out gravel or debris. Always use
intake strainers. Gravel can damage the pump and reduce pressure.



OPERATION
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8.1 Connect Intake Hose
Close Intake Gate Valve
Close the gate valve on the intake connection to which the intakes hose will be attached.
Open Air Bleed Valve for Intake BEFORE Cap is Removed
Intake connections with a shut-off (or gate) valve can trap pressure if the valve is opened and
left closed with the cap in place. ALWAYS OPEN the Intake Air Bleed Valve to let trapped pressure escape
BEFORE removing cap.


Always OPEN Drain Valve or Bleed Valve BEFORE removing
Intake cap.
Intake lines can trap pressure.
Intake cap under pressure will blow off with explosive force.
Exploding cap will injure or kill.

Air bleed valves are attached to a tube that is connected at the highest point of the pipe.
Opening the Intake Air Bleed Valve allows air trapped in the intake pipe to escape.


Always bleed air from intake line.
Air in lines can cause pressure spikes.
Air forced from nozzle can increase intensity of fire or cause a
pressure surge. Air discharge can injure or kill.

Rotate the knob one-quarter turn counterclockwise to the left to open the valve.
To make sure that all air pressure is removed from the system, keep the Air Bleed Valves OPEN until you start
flowing water. Only then may you close it.
Remove Intake Cap
Remove the Intake Cap only after you are certain that trapped air pressure has escaped.
Make sure to OPEN the Air Bleed Valve or Drain Valve so that trapped air pressure escapes.
Connect the Intake Hose
Connect the Intake Hose that has been laid from the hydrant to the intake connection.
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Adjust the Intake Swivel
If the intake connection includes a swivel fitting, adjust the swivel so that the hose points AWAY from the
pump operators area.


Point Intake Hose away from personnel
Hoses and connections under pressure can burst without warning.
Burst hose can injure or kill.

Inspect hoses and fittings regularly
Replace if worn or damaged.
Worn or damaged hoses and fittings can burst.
Burst hose or fittings can injure or kill.

8.2 Charge the Intake Line (Pressurized Supply)
NOTE: Make sure that the pressure control has been set before charging the intake hose.
Charge the Intake Line
Once the intake hose is properly connected to the intake fitting, open the valve at the hydrant to allow water into
the intake hose. Air will escape out the air bleed valve as it is forced from the hose by the incoming water.
Close Air Bleed Valve
Close the Air Bleed Valve after the air is gone from the intake line.
8.3 Supply the Pump
Open the Intake Gate Valve
OPEN the Intake Gate Valve slowly to change the flow to the external supply.
Always open the Intake Gate Valve slowly. Air in the intake line will then enter the pump slowly. Air will be
sucked through with a steady flow of water.
If a large slug of air enters the pump, the pump can lose prime. Centrifugal pumps cannot pump air. If prime is
lost, the attack lines will lose water pressure.


Perform change to external water source properly.
Water flow can stop if change is performed incorrectly.
Loss of water flow can endanger fire attack crews, resulting in death
or injury.

OPERATION
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Close the Tank-to-Pump Valve
Once the Intake Gate Valve is open, the water pressure from a pressurized source keeps water from flowing
from the tank. A Check Valve in the Tank-to-Pump line keeps the pressurized supply from flowing water back
into the tank.
A draft source lacks intake pressure. Therefore water can continue to be drawn from the tank. If the tank is run
dry, the pump can lose prime.
After the Gated Intake Valve is fully open, then slowly CLOSE the Tank-to-Pump Valve to make sure that
water is drawn from the external supply only.
Close the Tank-Fill and Recirculating Valves
As long as the discharge lines are flowing water, the pump will have fresh water to keep it cool. With the Tank-
to-Pump Valve closed and the Tank-Fill or Recirculating valves OPEN, the tank will continue to fill until it
overflows through the fill hatch.
o CLOSE the Tank-Fill or Recirculating Valves to avoid tank overflow.
o OPEN both valves again when pump cooling is required because discharge lines are CLOSED.
9. Pump Priming Problem Solutions
9.1 Control Valves That Leak
Cap Unused Discharge and Intake Pipes
Cap all unused discharge and intake pipes to reduce air leakage from a leaky valve.
10. Monitoring Intake Pressure
The Master Intake gauge shows the intake manifold pressure.
Watch Intake Pressure
Look often at the intake pressure on Master Intake Gauge while pumping.
Maintain 20 PSI Intake Pressure (Pressurized Supply)
Maintain intake pressure at or above 20 PSI when operating from a pressurized external supply.
This provides a safety factor to avoid drawing a vacuum on the intake hose.
Changes in supply pressure can cause intake pressure to drop without warning. Drop in pressure below zero psi
can cause water hammer, pump cavitation, or collapse the intake hose AND cause loss of water flow.
NOTE: 20 PSI may not be attainable in certain areas, depending on the hydrant system. For additional
information, consult your Fire Department standard operating procedures.
Maintain 20 in. Hg. Vacuum (Draft Supply)
When operating from draft, always maintain 20 in. Hg. of vacuum or less. Intake vacuum of more than 20 in.
Hg. can cause pump to cavitate.
OPERATION
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Avoid Pump Cavitation
Pump Cavitation is happening when:
o Discharge pressure changes up and down.
o You hear a sound like gravel churning in the pump.
o Discharge pressure remains the same when you change engine speed.
Reduce discharge flow until cavitation ceases.

CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
NEVER cavitate pump.
Low intake pressure or high vacuum can cause pump cavitation.
Cavitation can:
-Cause loss of water pressure.
-Damage pump components, requiring expensive repairs.
CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
Avoid Water Hammer.
Water Hammer can damage the pump system.


Maintain positive intake pressure with soft intake hose.
Negative intake pressure will collapse soft intake hose.
Attack lines will lose water pressure if hose collapses.
Loss of water supply will endanger fire fighters on attack lines.

11. Refilling the Tank
ALWAYS refill water tank as soon as possible. If the supply source is interrupted, a full tank of water allows you to
continue flowing water to the attack lines while an external water source is being restored.
Open Tank Fill Valve
OPEN the Tank Fill Valve slowly to OPEN to divert some supply water into the water tank.
Watch Intake and Discharge Pressure
Watch the discharge pressure gauges to make sure that you maintain attack hose flow at the desired pressure
while you also fill the water tank.
If intake or discharge pressure drops below the desired pressure, either CLOSE the Tank Fill Valve to divert
less water to the tank OR increase engine speed to maintain pressure.
Always keep the water tank full so that a steady discharge flow can be maintained if the intake supply must be
shifted.
OPERATION
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12. Changing from Tank to External Water Supply (Without Gated Intake Valve)
If you change from the water tank to an external water source without an Intake Gate Valve, the water flow to the discharge
attack lines must be stopped.
Pierce recommends that every pumper apparatus have an Intake Gate Valve.
Use these procedures if Gate Valve is absent.
Make sure fire fighters are withdrawn from attack area, because hoses will lose water.
12.1 Stop Flowing Water
Close Discharge Valves
Water pressure during the transition period can fluctuate. Protect attack line personnel from the hazards of
pressure spikes by closing the Discharge Valves. Remember, you are also shutting off water to the attack hoses.
Reduce Engine Speed to IDLE
Running the pump without water will damage the seals and bearings. Reduce engine speed to IDLE to
minimize wear on the pump while the water supply from the tank is stopped.
Close Tank-to-Pump Valve
CLOSE Tank-to-Pump Valve before the removing the Intake Cap to prevent tank water from flowing out the
intake.
Connect Intake Hose
Remove the Intake Cap.
Connect the Intake Hose.
12.2 If you are connecting to a pressurized supply, charge intake line:
Open Tank Fill Valve or Discharge Valve
OPEN the Tank Fill Valve. Air in the intake hose must be expelled before water can reach the pump. Air will
pass through the pump and out the OPEN Tank Fill Valve.
OR
OPEN Discharge Valve and Discharge Drain Valve. Water will flow out the discharge drain valve once the air
escapes. Close the drain valve once air has escaped.
Charge the Intake Line
OPEN the water valve on the hydrant to allow water to flow through the intake hose and into the pump. Before
using water from a hydrant, open and vent the hydrant for about 30 seconds to flush out gravel or debris.
Always use intake strainers.
Close Tank Fill Valve
CLOSE the Tank Fill Valve once water tank is full.
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12.3 Resume Discharge Operation
Open Discharge Valve
Open the Discharge Valve(s) slowly to resume attack line operations.
Increase Pressure
Continue to watch the Master Pressure Gauge. Increase speed until you reach the pump discharge pressure you
want.
13. Two-Stage Pump Operation (Optional)
Two stage pumps have two smaller impeller chambers instead of one large chamber. Water is directed through both
chambers in parallel when large flow is desired at moderate pressure.
Water is directed through each chamber in series when moderate flow at high pressure is desired.
Read, understand, and practice the procedures for two-stage pump operation found in the pump manufacturers operation
manual.
13.1 Select either Volume or Pressure Mode
Shift the Transfer Valve to the VOLUME setting for high flow at moderate pressure.
Shift the Transfer Valve to the PRESSURE setting for moderate flow at high pressure.
13.2 Mode Selection with Pressurized Sources
Operate a Two-Stage Pump in the VOLUME mode when pump is supplied by a
pressurized external water source AND a pressure governor is used.
NOTE: For departments operating with higher hydrant pressures:
If the external intake pressure is high, then a pump in PRESSURE mode is able to run with engine RPM slightly
above IDLE to provide desired discharge pressure. In this condition, the engine speed cannot be reduced
enough for a pressure governor to react to pressure spikes caused when discharge lines are shut OFF.
To avoid such pressure spikes, operate the Two-Stage Pump in VOLUME mode. This causes the engine to
operate at a higher speed. The pressure governor then has more ability to control pressure spikes.
13.3 Priming a Two-Stage Pump
Shift the Transfer Valve to the VOLUME setting when priming a two-stage pump.


Changing between stages on a two-stage pump can cause a pressure
spike in discharge hoses.
Give all fire suppression crews warning BEFORE changing stages.


OPERATION
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14. Engine Status Display

The Engine Status Display is either a group of gauges and indicator lights or an
electronic display that gives you critical information on engine performance.
You must watch this information often during pump operation, and react to any
abnormal readings.
Engine information includes:
Engine Speed: shows current engine speed in RPMs
Engine Oil Pressure Gauge: shows engine oil pressure.
Engine Temperature Gauge: shows oil temperature of the engine.
Electrical System Voltage Meter: measures the voltage level of the vehicles battery system.
Stop Engine Light
If the Stop Engine light turns ON, the engines ECU (electronic control unit) has detected a critical error condition. That
means engine failure is possible at any moment. Read and study the engine manufacturers operations manual so you know
how to react. Practice your reaction to all different kinds of failure. You need to be prepared in advance so you can react
properly in an emergency.
Fire apparatus programming does not allow a critical engine failure to automatically stop the engine. The engine will
continue to run until it self-destructs or fails.
It is your judgment call to balance the risks of damage to the engine with the need for the fire apparatus to remain
operational.
If possible, replace the apparatus with another apparatus RIGHT AWAY if this light comes on.

Replace apparatus when STOP ENGINE light is ON.
Engine can fail at any time without further warning.
Engine failure will stop water flow to attack lines, putting fire-
fighting personnel in danger.
Check Engine Light
If the Check Engine light turns ON, the engines ECU detects a non-critical error condition. Immediately check
all gauges at the pump panel and compare with the readings of those in the cab. Compare both readings to
normal operating parameters. This will help you make the decision to continue to run the apparatus or replace it
with another. If the Check Engine light remains ON, schedule the engine for maintenance.
Check Transmission Light
The Check Transmission light turns ON if the transmissions control unit detects a non-critical error. If the
Check Transmission light remains ON, schedule the transmission for maintenance.

OPERATION
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15. Ending Water Flow Operation
15.1 Shutting Off Water Flow
Reduce Engine Speed to IDLE
Close Discharge Valves
Close all discharge and inlet valves slowly to prevent water hammer.
15.2 Disengaging the Pump (Driveline Driven Pump)
Reduce engine speed to IDLE
Adjust Hand Throttle or Pressure Governor to bring engine to IDLE.
Shift Transmission to Neutral
Shift the transmission into NEUTRAL. If the display on the transmission flashes an N, then the transmission
has FAILED to shift, because engine speed is too high.
Make sure that engine is at IDLE speed.
Shift Transmission back to DRIVE, and then shift back to NEUTRAL.
Wait 3-5 seconds after shifting to NEUTRAL for pump drive shaft to stop spinning.
Look At Tachometer
Look at the tachometer in the cab to make sure the engine has remained at IDLE speed. If the engine has
increased speed, the throttle control on the pump panel might not have been properly reset to IDLE. Exit the
cab and return Hand Throttle and/or Pressure Governor to IDLE.
Observe Speedometer
Check that the speedometer has dropped to 0 MPH. If speedometer shows any vehicle speed (e.g., 1-10 MPH
or more), then repeat the entire procedure.
Shift Pump Control to ROAD
Move the pump shift control to the ROAD position.
Observe Indicator Lights
Make sure that the PUMP ENGAGED and OK TO PUMP lights are OFF. If either light is ON, then repeat the
procedure.
If one or both lights are ON, you have failed to switch the gears from PUMP to ROAD.
15.3 Disengaging the Pump (PTO Driven Pump Stationary Operation)
Reduce engine speed to IDLE
Reduce engine speed to IDLE with the throttle control.
Observe Tachometer
Observe the Tachometer in the cab to confirm that the engine has remained at IDLE speed. If the engine has
increased speed, the throttle control on the pump panel might not have been properly reset to IDLE. Exit the
cab and return Hand Throttle and/or Pressure Governor to IDLE.
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Shift Pump Shift Control to ROAD
Move the pump shift control to the ROAD position.
Observe Indicator Lights
Make sure that the PUMP ENGAGED light is OFF. If light is ON, repeat the procedure.
15.4 Disengaging the Pump (Pump and Roll)
Stop Apparatus
Bring apparatus to a full stop and reduce engine speed to idle.
Shift the Transmission into Neutral (N)
Pull Parking Brake to Apply
Disengage the Pump
Move the PTO Pump control to the OFF position. This disconnects the Hand Throttle.
Observe Indicator Lights
Make sure that the PUMP ENGAGED light is OFF. If light is ON, repeat the procedure.
15.5 Securing Pump System
Open Drain Valves and Bleed Valves
Open all pressure release valves to vent any trapped air pressure and water.
Open Nozzles
Relieve pressure from un-gated inlet hose by OPENING discharge nozzles.
Remove Hose
Remove all hoses from discharge and intake lines.
Replace Caps
Install Caps on Intake and Discharge connections to protect them from contamination.
Flush Pump
Flush the pumping system with clean, fresh water if required.
Purge Primer
If equipped with a fluid-lubricated primer pump, operate the primer pump until primer fluid comes out of the
primer pump discharge. Check primer fluid tank level, and fill if needed.
OPERATION
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16. Operating from a Static (Draft) Water Supply
Operating the pump from a draft source is the most demanding type of pump operation. Learn about the complexities and
hazards of this operation by studying the IFTSA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook and through formal
training.
Once the apparatus is prepared for draft operation and the appropriate suction lines are deployed, prime the pump as follows:
Close Valves
First, close all discharge valves, drain valves, bleed valves, and tank valves or the primer will fail to work.
Switch Pressure Governor to THROTTLE Mode
If the apparatus is equipped with a pressure governor, place it in THROTTLE mode. For governor equipped
apparatus, this will hold the prime better than starting out in PRESSURE mode.
Increase Engine Speed
Increase the engine speed to 1000 RPM. This should provide about 50 PSI of water pressure once the prime is
established.
Open Primer Valve
Pull to OPEN the Primer Valve and engage the primer motor. Listen to the sound of the primer motor as it
pumps air out of the water pump to draw a vacuum. Listen for the tone change as the primer pump begins to
expel a mix of air & water, and then begins expelling only water.
Observe Pressure Gauge
Watch the pressure on the Master Pressure Gauge to make sure that the water has entered the pump and the
pressure is beginning to build.
Open Discharge Valve
Open the Discharge Valve slowly to begin water flow operation.
Switch Pressure Governor to PRESSURE Mode
For pressure governor equipped apparatus, switch from THROTTLE mode back to PRESSURE mode.
Increase Pressure
Continue to watch the Master Pressure Gauge. Increase the pressure until you reach the desired discharge
pressure.



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SECTION 4: MAINTENANCE
1. Inspection, Cleaning, and Maintenance
1.1 Maintenance Schedule
Develop a Standard Operating Procedure for the daily, weekly, monthly, and annual inspection and maintenance of this fire
apparatus after careful review of all documentation provided. Inspection and maintenance requirements for components
such as monitors, foam systems, flow meters, valves, etc., must be established by referencing the service manuals.
Follow the pump manufacturers inspection and maintenance recommendations.
Follow the procedures for inspection, cleaning, and maintenance found in the IFSTA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator
Handbook (latest edition).
Follow instructions regarding inspection, cleaning, and maintenance located in the Pierce Custom Chassis Operation &
Maintenance Manual (Publication No. PM-C-OM010) or the Pierce Commercial Chassis Supplement (Publication No.
PM-C-OM090).
2. Draining the Pumping System
Every part of the water pump system must be drained if exposed to freezing temperatures.

CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
Drain pumping system in cold weather.
Water in pipes can freeze.
Freezing water can damage pipes, valves, and gauges.

Locate the lowest points on every plumbing line and the drain valve that opens it.
Remove Caps
AFTER opening air bleeder valves, remove all intake and discharge
caps.
Open Master Pump Drain
The master pump drain will empty both the discharge and inlet
manifolds of water when opened.
Open Discharge Line Drains
Locate each Discharge Line and open the Drain Valves.
Open Intake Line Drains
Locate each Intake Line and open the Drain Valves.
Open Intake Relief Valve Drain - on apparatus equipped with relief valves.


MAINTENANCE
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Open Control Valves
Open all Intake and Discharge Valves.
Allow Water to Drain
Close all Valves
NOTE: If your apparatus is equipped with a foam system, refer to the applicable foam system manual for draining
procedures.
3. Flushing the Drain Valves
3.1 Forward Flushing
Drain Valves are the lowest point in the pump system. Dirt and debris in the water will settle in the drain valve bodies.
Flush each drain valve with clean water monthly or after pumping dirty or salty water. Flush drain valves to prevent sediment
from accumulating in the valve body and hurting proper operation of the drain valve.
Fill Water Tank
Begin flushing procedure with a full water tank of clean, fresh water.
Cap All Intake and Discharge Connections
Cap all connections to hold the clean water from the tank in the pumping system.
Open all Intake and Discharge Valves
Open all control valves to allow fresh water to reach all points in the pumping system.
Open the Tank-to-Pump Valve
Open the Tank-to-Pump Valve to flood the pumping system with clean water.
Open Drain Valves One at a Time
Open each Drain Valve. Keep open until a steady stream of water flows from the valve for 20 seconds. If no
water or reduced water flows, find out why water fails to drain and make a repair.
Close Tank-to-Pump Valve
Close the Tank-to-Pump Valve to prevent any more water from entering the pumping system.
Open Drain Valves
Open each Drain Valve again until remaining water is drained from the system.
Remove Caps
Remove Intake and Discharge Caps.
Allow Water to Drain
Close All Intake and Discharge Valves
Replace Caps
Replace Intake and Discharge Caps.
Close Drain Valves
Refill Water Tank
MAINTENANCE
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3.2 Back Flushing
The pump should be back flushed with municipal water after salt water or other debris have entered the pump.
Remove Suction Strainers
Remove the suction strainers so they are not blown out of the pump.
Open Transfer Valve
Hold the transfer valve clapper, in the second stage volute entrance, open so debris is not trapped behind it.
Pump Water
Pump fresh, clean water through all of the inlets and outlets, until you see only clear water.
Open & Close Valves
Open and close all discharge and intake valves to flush them with clean water.
Activate Primer
In the case of salt water pumping, activate the primer to get clear water through the primer valve and pump.
Activate Pressure Relief Valve
Activate the pressure relief valve with the pilot valve to flush that system, and move the transfer valve from
Volume to Pressure a few times (if the pump is so equipped).
4. Annual Testing
Test all pumping apparatus annually per the specifications in NFPA 1911, Standard for Service Tests of Fire Pump Systems
on Fire Apparatus, (latest edition).
These tests are necessary to make sure that the apparatus will continue to perform to specification.
These tests help prevent breakdowns.
5. Flushing and Draining the Pump
Flush the pumping system after pumping dirty, contaminated, or salty water.


Pump packing gland and pump body heats to high temperatures
during operation.
Touching hot areas of pump will burn.
Allow pump to cool before servicing.

Supply Clean, Fresh Water
Supply clean, fresh water to the pumping system.
Open Discharge Valves
Open all discharge valves so that clean, fresh water flows through each discharge line and valve for one minute.
MAINTENANCE
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Fill Tank
Fill the water tank with clean, fresh water.
Flush Drain Valves
Flush all drain valves using the procedure listed under Flushing the Drain Valves.
6. Pump Storage
In warm temperatures store pump either entirely full of water or completely empty.
Pumps stored partially full of water will rust at the air-to-water interface.
In freezing temperatures store pumps dry, without any water in the pump chamber.

CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
Store pump completely full of clean water, or completely dry.
Do not leave pump partially full of water.
Always store pump dry in freezing weather.

7. Primer Pump Lubrication
Some primer pumps require a lubricating fluid or oil. The fluid reservoir is normally located in the pump
house behind an access panel or access door.
For oil-type priming pumps, the lubricant is expelled with the air as the pump is primed.
Use only lubricating fluid that is approved by the manufacturer of the pump and approved for use in the
environment.

CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
Use environmentally-friendly priming lubricants or use procedures
that capture the oil as it is expelled.
Expelling standard motor oil used as a lubricating fluid in the primer
pump does not meet EPA regulations.

8. Manual Pump Shift
Operate the manual pump shift control weekly to prevent build up of dirt, grime, and road debris that will inhibit the smooth
operation of the cable.
MAINTENANCE
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9. Intake Relief Valve Drain (Optional)
Inlet relief valves can trap water inside the mechanism of the valve.
Drain trapped water from the valve daily, and before operating apparatus in freezing temperatures.
Frozen water will damage the valve.




10. Master Gauge Ports
Vacuum and Pressure test ports are provided for use during the annual testing and certification of the pump.
Test Master Gauges Annually
The VACUUM test port leads directly to the master Intake Gauge line.
The PRESSURE test port leads directly to the master Discharge Gauge line.
Use certified test gauges to check and calibrate Master Gauges.

CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
Master gauge testing and calibration should only be performed by
trained maintenance personnel.
NEVER remove plugs in these ports except for test purposes.

MAINTENANCE
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