Salmonella and Tomatoes
Salmonella and Tomatoes
Jack Guzewich, R.S., M.P.H. Jack Guzewich, R.S., M.P.H.
Director, Emergency Coordination and Response Director, Emergency Coordination and Response
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS- -600 600
U.S. Food and Drug Administration U.S. Food and Drug Administration
5100 Paint Branch Parkway, Room 3B 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, Room 3B- -074 074
College Park, MD 20740 College Park, MD 20740- -3835 3835
Phone: 301 Phone: 301- -436 436- -1608 1608
Fax: 301 Fax: 301- -436 436- -2717 2717
E E- -mail:
[email protected] mail:
[email protected]1996
1996
-
-
2005 Produce Outbreaks
2005 Produce Outbreaks
by Commodity
by Commodity
Tomatoes Tomatoes 10 10
Lettuce Lettuce 10 10
Romaine lettuce Romaine lettuce 4 4
Mixed lettuce 2 Mixed lettuce 2
Cabbage Cabbage 1 1
Spinach 1 Spinach 1
Cantaloupe 7 Cantaloupe 7
Melons 1 Melons 1
Honeydew melon Honeydew melon 2 2
Raspberries Raspberries 5 5
Green onions Green onions 3 3
Mango 2 Mango 2
Almonds Almonds 2 2
Parsley 2 Parsley 2
Basil 4 Basil 4
Green grapes Green grapes 1 1
Snow Peas 1 Snow Peas 1
Basil or Mesclun 2 Basil or Mesclun 2
Squash Squash 1 1
Unknown Unknown 2 2
1998
1998
-
-
2005 Fresh Cut
2005 Fresh Cut
Produce Outbreaks
Produce Outbreaks
Romaine lettuce 2
Romaine lettuce 2
Lettuce
Lettuce
4
4
Mixed lettuce 1
Mixed lettuce 1
Spinach 1
Spinach 1
Roma Tomatoes 2
Roma Tomatoes 2
Tomatoes
Tomatoes
1
1
Mixed melons 1
Mixed melons 1
Outbreak Reservoirs
Outbreak Reservoirs
Human
Human
12
12
Cyclospora
Cyclospora
3 Hepatitis A
3 Hepatitis A
2
2
Shigella
Shigella
Zoonotic
Zoonotic
7
7
E. coli
E. coli
O157:H7
O157:H7
17
17
Salmonella
Salmonella
sp.
sp.
Source
Source
17 Domestic
4 Foreign
6 Unknown
24 Total
1 Domestic
10 Foreign
6 Unknown
17 Total
Tomato Outbreaks
Tomato Outbreaks
1998
1998
S.
S.
Baildon
Baildon
86 cases
86 cases
2000
2000
S.
S.
Thompson
Thompson
29 cases
29 cases
2002
2002
S.
S.
Newport
Newport
512 cases
512 cases
S.
S.
Newport
Newport
12 cases
12 cases
S.
S.
Javiana
Javiana
90 cases
90 cases
2004
2004
S.
S.
Javiana
Javiana
471 cases
471 cases
S.
S.
Braenderup
Braenderup
123 cases
123 cases
2005
2005
S.
S.
Newport
Newport
71 cases
71 cases
S.
S.
Braenderup
Braenderup
73 cases
73 cases
History of
Case Study
Case Study
Salmonella
Salmonella
Newport in
Newport in
Tomatoes
Tomatoes
Descriptive Epidemiology
Descriptive Epidemiology
Salmonella
Salmonella
Newport
Newport
Recovered 7/2/02
Recovered 7/2/02
10/30/02
10/30/02
512 cases reported
512 cases reported
285 culture confirmed cases;
285 culture confirmed cases;
matching PFGE
matching PFGE
22 states
22 states
Tomatoes implicated in multiple
Tomatoes implicated in multiple
case
case
-
-
control studies
control studies
Pizzeria.
Hamburg, NY
Grocery Store,
Hamburg, NY
Packinghouse
Buffalo, NY
Broker / Packinghouse / Grower, FL
(Not implicated)
Packinghouse / Grower,
VA (22 farms)
Farm 1, TN
Farm 2, TN
Restaurant,
Langhorne, PA
Hospital
Colebrook, NH
Distributor, ME
Distributor,
Philadelphia, PA
Wholesaler, PA
Salmonella Newport Traceback Investigation Flow Diagram Tomatoes (Aug-Oct 2002)
Sources of Contamination
Sources of Contamination
Field Environment
Field Environment
Irrigation water
Irrigation water
Water applied to foliage
Water applied to foliage
Animal and bird habitat / reservoirs /
Animal and bird habitat / reservoirs /
interaction
interaction
Packinghouse
Packinghouse
Dump tank
Dump tank
Fresh
Fresh
-
-
Cut Processor
Cut Processor
Ripening rooms
Ripening rooms
Ice baths
Ice baths
Field Environment
Field Environment
Where does water contact the fruit?
Where does water contact the fruit?
What is the quality of the water?
What is the quality of the water?
Typical Ag Well Set
Typical Ag Well Set
-
-
up
up
Filters (to prevent Filters (to prevent
clogging of the drip clogging of the drip
tape) tape)
Turbine pump Turbine pump
Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer
Potential Sources of Contamination
Potential Sources of Contamination
Drainage Ditch Tomatoes
Proximity to the Environment
Which one do you think was
Which one do you think was
positive for
positive for
Salmonella
Salmonella
?
?
Sprayer Filling Stations
Sprayer Filling Stations
Attractants During Drought
Attractants During Drought
Dew drops Dew drops
Historical Use Of the Land
Historical Use Of the Land
The Human Factor
The Human Factor
Environmental Sampling
Environmental Sampling
Environmental sample Salmonella serotype isolated
Anuran S. Mississippi
Anuran S. Aqua
Anuran S. Saintpaul
Anuran S. Gaminara
Lizard S. Newport
Feces S. Gaminara
Feces S. Manhattan
Ditch water S. Manhattan
Ditch water S. Newport
Ditch water S. Hartford
Ditch water S. Braenderup (Different PFGE)
Ditch water S. Java
Ditch water S. Florida
Ditch water S. Miami
Ditch water S. Anatum (Different PFGE)
Ditch water S. Tallahassee
Ditch water S. Group D untyped (Different PFGE)
Sand filter media S. Iverness
Packinghouse
Packinghouse
Packinghouse
Packinghouse
Hot (100F) Flume Water
Tomatoes exit here
Unloading at the Packinghouse
Unloading at the Packinghouse
Fluming into the Dump Tank
Fluming into the Dump Tank
Re
Re
-
-
Washing After 2
Washing After 2
-
-
3 Days of
3 Days of
Ripening in the Gas Room
Ripening in the Gas Room
Heavy Organic Load in the
Heavy Organic Load in the
Dump Tank
Dump Tank
Drained Dump Tank
Drained Dump Tank
Birds
Birds
Fresh
Fresh
-
-
Cut Processor
Cut Processor
Ripening Room (50
Ripening Room (50
-
-
60
60
F)
F)
Chill to Improve Slicing (33
Chill to Improve Slicing (33
-
-
35
35
F)
F)
Our Business Objective
Our Business Objective
..
..
2004 FDA Produce Safety Action Plan
2004 FDA Produce Safety Action Plan
Minimize the incidence of foodborne illness
Minimize the incidence of foodborne illness
associated with consumption of fresh produce
associated with consumption of fresh produce
Prevent contamination
Prevent contamination
Minimize public health impact when
Minimize public health impact when
contamination occurs
contamination occurs
Improve communication with industry and
Improve communication with industry and
consumers
consumers
Research
Research
Recent FDA Activities
Recent FDA Activities
Letter to the Tomato and Lettuce Industry Letter to the Tomato and Lettuce Industry Feb 2004 Feb 2004
Produce Safety Action Plan Produce Safety Action Plan Oct 2004 Oct 2004
Produce Sampling Assignments Produce Sampling Assignments 2005 2005- -06 06
Draft Guide to Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards of Draft Guide to Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards of
Fresh Fresh- -cut Fruits and Vegetables cut Fruits and Vegetables - - Mar 2006 (complements the Mar 2006 (complements the
FDA's Current Good Manufacturing Practice regulations) FDA's Current Good Manufacturing Practice regulations)
Commodity Specific Guidance by Industry Commodity Specific Guidance by Industry (The melon guide (The melon guide
and the lettuce guide are completed and the tomato guide is in and the lettuce guide are completed and the tomato guide is in
draft) draft)
Educational Outreach Educational Outreach - - Partnership for Food Safety Partnership for Food Safety - - 2005 2005
FDA Farm Investigation Course FDA Farm Investigation Course June 2006 June 2006
