Cyclone in

Bangladesh
Kazi Saiful Islam
Institute of Disaster and
Vulnerability Studies
University of Dhaka
6/6/2014
Do you agree or not?
Some people says there is no disaster, all are
hazards
If you forget last disaster, next disaster will appear.
Cyclone signal system in Bangladesh is 1 , 2 , 3, 4, 6,
8,9 & 10
Cyclone hit Bangladesh because of its Geographical
location


Bangladesh
HAZARDS VULNERABILITIES
Geographical
factors
Type of hazard
Deltaic low lands
(30% land only
1m above sea
level)
Flood, tidal surge,
salinity intrusion,
tsunami, sea level rise
(SLR)
Vast floodplains
and wetlands
Floods, siltation,
drought, flashflood,
waterlogging, pollution,
Network of 300
rivers
Flood, erosion,
siltation, arsenic,
transport accidents etc.
Fault lines and
trenches
Earthquake, landslides,
soil erosion,
Funnel-shaped
coastline
Cyclone, Storm/tidal
surge, tsunami. Local
tornado / norwester
Hot and humid
climate
drought, hailstorm,
heavy rain, malaria
other vectors, pest
infestation.
Socio/econo
mic factors
Vulnerability
High & dense
population
Large number of casualties even
in localised events, limited
adaptive spatial options.
Massive &
persistent
poverty
Living in risk prone areas,
inability to absorb shocks
Low human
resource
capacities
Lack risk knowledge, lack
credible risk reduction / adaptive
innovations
Gender
disparity
Women who are more prone
have less control over reduction /
adaptive resources
4-6% yearly
urbanisation
Unplanned overcrowded cities,
un-engineered structures,
70% agri-
dependent
Prone to hydrometeorological
hazards, less control over assets
Gaps in
governance &
politics
Weak coordination,
unpredictable investment on
reduction / adaptation
DRAMATIC REDUCTION IN DEATH RATES, BUT MOUNTING ASSETS
AND ECONOMIC LOSSES
Natural disasters occurrence
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1
9
0
9
1
9
4
1
1
9
4
3
1
9
5
8
1
9
6
1
1
9
6
4
1
9
6
6
1
9
6
8
1
9
7
0
1
9
7
2
1
9
7
4
1
9
7
7
1
9
7
9
1
9
8
1
1
9
8
3
1
9
8
5
1
9
8
7
1
9
8
9
1
9
9
1
1
9
9
3
1
9
9
5
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
9
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
9
2
0
1
1
2
0
1
3
Cold wave
Drought
Extreme winter conditions
Flash Flood
General Flood
Heat wave
Landslide
Local storm
Storm surge/Coastal flood
Tropical Cyclone
Source: EmDAT
Top 10 Natural Disasters in Bangladesh
for the period 1900 to 2013
sorted by numbers of killed:
Disaster Date No Killed
Drought 1943 1,900,000
Epidemic 1918 393,000
Storm 12-Nov-1970 300,000
Storm 29-Apr-1991 138,866
Storm Oct-1942 61,000
Storm 11-May-1965 36,000
Flood Jul-1974 28,700
Storm 28-May-1963 22,000
Storm 24-May-1985 15,000
Storm Jun-1965 12,047
Source: EM DAT
Natural disaster in Bangladesh
Catastrophic Disaster Events in Bangladesh
Year Disaster Deaths Economic Loss (USD)

1970 Cyclone 300,000
1988 Flood 2373 1.2 billion
1988 Cyclone 5704
1989 Drought 800
1991 Cyclone 138,868
1996 Tornado 545
1997 Cyclone 550
1998 Flood 1050 2.3 billion
2004 Flood 747 2.3 billion
2007 Flood 1071 1.1 billion

2007 Cyclone (Sidr) 3406 2.1 billion
2009 Cyclone (Aila) 191
Hazards and Risk Profile of Bangladesh
Total land area = 147,570 km
2

Total Population = 142.3 Millions
Hazard
Flood Flash
Flood
Drough
t
Cyclone, tidal
surge, salinity
Earthquak
e
% % % % %
Vulnerable
land area
61 23 46 32 70%
Vulnerable
population
71 24 46 27 80%
Disaster and Bangladesh
Flood
Tropical
Cyclone
Storm Surge
Tornado
River Bank
Erosion
Drought
Earthquake
Year Disaster Death
1970 Cyclone 300,000
1988 Flood 2373
1988 Cyclone 5704
1989 Drought 800
1991 Cyclone 138,868
1996 Tornado 545
1997 Cyclone 550
1998 Flood 1050
2004 Flood 747
2007 Flood 1071
2007 Cyclone(SIDR) 3363
Major Disasters
Major Hazards
Cyclone SIDR hits 15
th
November2007
Situations..
How we response.








Bay of Bengal: Historical Monthly Data on Average Precipitation and
Tropical Storms (April to December 1956 - 2006)
Cyclone prone month : April to May & October to November


CYCLONES AND STORM SURGES
Proportion of coastal
sub-district affected by
severe cyclones
Pre-requisites for development of cyclones
Warm Ocean temperature, A tropical Cyclone does not
form if the sea temperature is less Than 27 celsius.
Presence of low pressure region.
Absence of strong vertical wind shear.
Presence of a certain value of coriolis force appears at the
latitude greater than 5 degrees Which gives the cyclone
its rotational/spinning motion.
Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal mostly originate over the
South Bay and the Andaman Sea. The area of lowest
pressure in a cyclone built-up is called the Eye of the
cyclone. It is found well formed in the most severe
cyclones
Classification of Cyclone
Category 1: 90-125 sqr/hr
Category 2: 125-164 sqr/hr
Category 3: 165-224 sqr/hr
Category 4: 225-279 sqr/hr
Category 5: 280 above sqr/hr (exp. Sidr 2007)
Cyclone signal system in Bnagladesh
Signal: 1 & 2 (Distance warning)
Signal:3 (local warning)
Signal: 4 ( Local alert)
Signal : 6 ( Danger )
Signal: 8,9 & 10 (Great Danger)

1998 : FOOD, CLOTHING, HOUSE, ETC

1988 : FOOD, CLOTHING, C.I SHEET
R&R SUPPORT IN THE PAST
1972 - 2004

VGF, GR, FFW, CASH, ETC

Similar Exposure but Different Impacts
VICIOUS CYCLE OF
DISASTER AND POVERTY
POVERTY
RELIEF AND
REHABILITATION
DISASTER
VULNERABILITY
(RISK)
POVERTY LINE
OPTIONS
1. RELOCATION
X

EMPOWERMENT OF THE
VULNERABLE PEOPLE
2. DISASTER PREVENTION
3. RISK REDUCTION
X
RISK ?
RISK
VULNERABILITY

X
= HAZARD
CAPACITY
COMPARISON OF RISKS
MAZU KHATUN :
RISK
(V)

X = (H)
(C)
= 25
= 1
SHRIN MEMBER :
RISK
(V)

X = (H)
(C)
VALUES : 1 5
(LOWEST HIGHEST)
5
5
1
5
1
5
25
DISASTER
RISK
VULNERABILITY

X = HAZARD
CAPACITY
Why we go for
Disaster risk reduction ?
HOW THE MONEY
IS SPENT ?
RELIEF AND REHABILITATION
INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT

ON DEVELOPMENT OF
CAPACITY OF POOR
?
BASIC REQUIREMENT
COMPREHENSIVE DISASTER
MANAGEMNET APPROACH
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
PARTICIPATION OF VULNERABLE
PEOPLE IN PLANNING
COORDINATION BETWEEN SERVICE
PROVIDER & USER

To Break Vicious circle of Disaster and Poverty
X
RISK REDUCTION
SUPPORT
Progression of Household Well-being
EVOLUTION OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
IN BANGLADESH
70s Response oriented disaster management:
1970 Gorkey Cyclone, 300,000 people killed
1972 Cyclone preparedness program established
80s 90s Emerging DM approaches:
1987 -88 huge flood, FAP formulated
1991 cyclone, 138000 people killed, shifting from disaster
response to preparedness
1993 constitution of Disaster Management Bureau
1997 Drafting of standing order on disasters (SOD)
1998 prolonged flood
2000 + Forward towards a comprehensive system including Risk
Reduction
2000 Comprehensive Disaster Management program formulated
and launched in 2004
2005 Ministry of Food and Disaster Management renamed with
new DM vision
2006 Revised AoB for MOFDM
2010 Revised SOD, National Plan for Disaster Management
DM Policy and ACT drafted

Bangladesh DM History
Soon after 1991 cyclone which caused huge damage and loss, the country has realized that
the reactive response to disaster is no longer an option for Bangladesh
The country has adopted a paradigm shift from reactive response to comprehensive DM
approach that includes a number of strategies and mechanism/policy decision
DMB was created in 1993
SOD formulated in 1997 SOD recognized every bodies roles and responsibilities in DM
and those are spelt out in the document. SOD also created and institutional
CDMP was formulated in 2000 and launched in 2004
MoFDM has been created in 2005
Government also adopted a new DM vision
A Bangladesh DM model has been created/developed and adopted the model gave main
emphasis on disaster risk reduction
Thanks a lot