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SPARQL Tutorial II & III

This document provides an overview of SPARQL, the query language and protocol for querying RDF graphs. It discusses key concepts such as the RDF data model, SPARQL query components like SELECT, FROM, WHERE and OPTIONAL clauses, and operators like FILTER, UNION, and negation. It also covers the SPARQL protocol for executing queries over HTTP or SOAP and returning XML or RDF results. The goal of SPARQL is to provide a standard way to query semantic data distributed over the web.

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552 views

SPARQL Tutorial II & III

This document provides an overview of SPARQL, the query language and protocol for querying RDF graphs. It discusses key concepts such as the RDF data model, SPARQL query components like SELECT, FROM, WHERE and OPTIONAL clauses, and operators like FILTER, UNION, and negation. It also covers the SPARQL protocol for executing queries over HTTP or SOAP and returning XML or RDF results. The goal of SPARQL is to provide a standard way to query semantic data distributed over the web.

Uploaded by

api-19981384
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPARQL TUTORIAL

BY AMNA BASHARAT

7th October , 2008
FAST‐NU , Islamabad
in a nutshell

Adapted from fabien, gandon, inria


RDF triple model 
is the first layer of the 
semantic web standards
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL on top...
an RDF query language 
and data access protocol
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL stands for
SPARQL Protocol and 
RDF Query Language
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL in 3 parts
part 1: query language
part 2: result format
part 3: access protocol
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL query
SELECT ...
FROM ...
WHERE { ... }
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SELECT clause
to identify the values to 
be returned
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
FROM clause
to identify the data 
sources to query
q y
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
WHERE clause
the triple/graph pattern 
to be matched against the 
g
triples/graphs of RDF
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
WHERE clause
a conjunction of triples: 
{ ?x rdf:type ex:Person
?x ex:name ?name }

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


PREFIX
to declare the schema 
used in the query 
q y
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
example : persons and their names

PREFIX ex: <http://inria.fr/schema#>


SELECT ?person ?name
WHERE {
?person rdf:type ex:Person
?person ex:name ?name .
}

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


Example or Result
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<sparql xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/sparql-results#" >
<head>
<variable name="person"/>
<variable name="name"/>
</head>
<results ordered="false" distinct="false">
<result>
<binding name="person">
<uri>http://inria.fr/schema#fg</uri>
</binding>
<binding name="name">
<literal>gandon</literal>
</binding>
</result>
<result> ...

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


FILTER
to add constraints  to the 
g
graph pattern (e.g., 
p p ( g,
numerical like X>17 ) 
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 15
Example: persons at least 18‐year old

PREFIX ex: <http://inria.fr/schema#


http://inria fr/schema#>
SELECT ?person ?name
WHERE {
?person rdf:type ex:Person
?person ex:name ?name .
?person ex:age ?age .
FILTER (?age > 17)
}

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 16


FILTER can use many 
operators, functions (e.g., 
operators  functions (e g  
regular expressions), and 
even users' extensions
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 17
OPTIONAL
to make the matching of a 
part of the pattern 
p p
optional 
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 18
Example:: retrieve the age if available

PREFIX ex:
e #>
<http://inria.fr/schema#
htt //i i f / h
SELECT ?person ?name ?age
WHERE {
?person rdf:type ex:Person
?person ex:name ?name .
OPTIONAL { ?person ex:age ?age }
}

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 19


UNION
to give alternative 
patterns in a query 
p q y
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 20
Example: explicit or implicit adults 

PREFIX ex: <http://inria.fr/schema#>


SELECT ?name
WHERE {
?person ex:name ?name .
{
{ ?person rdf:type ex:Adult }
UNION
{ ?person ex:age ?age
FILTER (?age > 17) }
}
}

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 21


Sequence & modify 
ORDER BY to sort
LIMIT result number
OFFSET rank of first result
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 22
Example: results 21 to 40 ordered by name

PREFIX ex: <http://inria.fr/schema#>


SELECT ?person ?name
WHERE {
?person rdf:type ex:Person
?person ex:name ?name .
}
ORDER BY ?name
LIMIT 20
OFFSET 20

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 23


UNBOUND
test a variable is not bound ; 
used for negation as failure

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 24


Example: persons who are not known authors

PREFIX ex: <http://inria.fr/schema#


htt //i i f / h #>
SELECT ?name
WHERE {
?person ex:name ?name .
OPTIONAL { ?person ex:author ?x }
FILTER ( ! b
bound(?x))
d( )
}

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 25


NEGATION
is tricky and errors can easily be made. 

26
PREFIX ex: <http://inria.fr/schema#>
SELECT ?name
WHERE {
?person ex:name ?name .
?person ex:knows ?x
FILTER ( ?x != "Java" )
}

does this find persons who do not know "java" ?
? FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 27
NO!  also persons who know something else !

PREFIX ex: <http://inria.fr/schema#>


SELECT ?name
WHERE {
?person ex:name ?name .
?person ex:knows ?x
FILTER ( ?x != "Java" )
}
Amna ex:knows "Java"
Amna ex:knows "C++"
Amna is a answer...
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 28
persons who are not known to know 
YES!  "java" ... negation of an option...

PREFIX ex: <http://inria.fr/schema#>


SELECT ?name
WHERE {
?person ex:name ?name .
OPTIONAL { ?person ex:knows ?x
FILTER ( ?x = "Java" ) }
FILTER ( ! bound(?x) )
}

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 29


ASK
to check just if there is at 
least one answer ; result is 
;
"true" or "false" 
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Example:  is there a person older than 17 ?

PREFIX ex: <http://inria.fr/schema#>


ASK
{
?person ex:age ?age
FILTER (?
(?age > 17)
}

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


CONSTRUCT
return a specific RDF 
graph for each result 
g p
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
return instances of adults for 
Example: 
persons older than 17

PREFIX ex: <http://inria.fr/schema#>


CONSTRUCT
{
?person rdf:type ex:Adult
}
WHERE
{
?person ex:age ?age
FILTER (?age > 17)
}

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


SPARQL protocol
sending queries and their 
results accross the web
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Example: with HTTP Binding

GET /sparql/?query=<encoded query>


HTTP/1.1
Host: www.inria.fr
User-agent: my-sparql-client/0.1

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


Example: with SOAP Binding

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>


<soapenv:Envelope
xmlns:soapenv="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope/"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">

<soapenv:Body>
<query-request
<query request xmlns
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/09/sparql-
http://www.w3.org/2005/09/sparql
protocol-types/#">

<query>SELECT ?x ?p ?y WHERE {?x ?p ?y}</query>


</query-request>
/
</soapenv:Body>
</soapenv:Envelope>
/ p p

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


SPARQL as a Protocol

ƒ A way of communication between parties 
that run SPARQL queries.
th t   SPARQL  i
ƒ Defining a way of invoking the service. 
ƒ Bindings of a transport protocol for that 
goal.

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 37


SPARQL Protocol (1)

ƒ WSDL description file:
à Description of the protocol.
i i f h l
à Not for human understanding.
ƒ HTTP binding:
bi di
à Specify how to encode SPARQL queries in URLs 
with GET and POST methods. 
ith GET  d POST  th d  
ƒ SOAP binding:
à Specify the SOAP message format 
S if   h  SOAP   f  
(XML message exchange format for queries)

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 38


WSDL Description file

ƒ WSDL description file: (HTTP binding part)
<binding name="queryHttp" 
bi di   " Htt " 
interface="tns:SparqlQuery“ 
… > >
<fault name="MalformedQuery" whttp:zode="400"/> 
<!‐‐ the GET binding for query operation ‐‐>
<operation ref="tns:query" whttp:method="GET" 
whttp:inputSerialization=“…" />
whttp:inputSerialization=  />
</binding> 

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 39


SPARQL Protocol (2)

ƒ Interface SparqlQuery
à Only one operation: query
l i
‚ For transferring string query
à Data types: via XML schema
D t  t   i  XML  h
à Bindings: HTTP / SOAP binding for invokable 
operations.
operations
ƒ A service must support SparqlQuery 
interface
à support the bindings as described in the WSDL.

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 40


SPARQL Protocol Examples

ƒ Examples after we cover SPARQL Query 
Language for RDF.
L  f  RDF

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 41


SPARQL Query Language

ƒ A standard query language in the form of 
expressive query
i   against the RDF data 
i t th  RDF d t  
model…
ƒ Data access language
D t    l
ƒ Graph patterns
ƒ Powerful than XML queries in some aspects

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 42


SPARQL Query Language (1)

ƒ SQL:
à Internals of DB (tables, fields, data, meaning)
à Impossible to query databases on the 
WILD WILD WEB.
ƒ So, what does SPARQL propose?
So  what does SPARQL propose?
à URIs.
à Querying databases globally.
Querying databases globally
à Combining data globally.
à Value of data grows exponentially with the ways 
you combine it.
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 43
The Wild Wild Web

SQL SPARQL
XML

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 44


SPARQL Query Language (2)

ƒ Data structure definitions are being  
developed worldwide in a distributed 
d l d  ld id  i    di t ib t d 
manner.
ƒ Common ontologies (Dublin Core, Foaf, 
C   t l i  (D bli  C  F f  
DOAP, etc.)
ƒ A database publishes the ontologies it 
A d b   bli h   h   l i  i  
exports to
ƒ An application queries it using those 
ontologies. 

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 45


Power of SPARQL Illustrated

ƒ Ask fotograf.com if it has a picture which 
matches some constraints such as title, 
t h     t i t   h   titl  
date, size, and some other tag…
ƒ Then ask google for URLs in relation to the 
Th   k  l  f  URL  i   l ti  t  th  
tag we specified.
ƒ And turn the results of these two 
A d   h   l   f  h    
uncoordinated data as an RSS feed on your 
site.
site
ƒ All this in just two‐three SPARQL queries.

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 46


Power of SPARQL (2)

ƒ Ask music cds of price less than 10
ƒ You can run this query against 
hepsiburada.com, amazon, e‐bay, 
gittigidiyor.com or any other seller on earth 
itti idi       th   ll     th 
who has a website and a database.
ƒ No seller needs to change their databases.
N   ll   d     h   h i  d b
ƒ Seller needs: Conversion layer between 
ontologies and database.
ƒ Client needs: connectivity framework (like 
JDBC) for java.
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 47
Power of SPARQL (2) Imp.

ƒ PREFIX dc: 
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
htt // l /d / l t / / PREFIX 
ns: <http://example.org/ns#>
ƒ SELECT ?title ?price 
SELECT ?titl  ? i  
WHERE { 
?x ns:price ?price .
?x ns:price ?price 
FILTER (?price < 10) . 
?x dc:title ?title   
?x dc:title ?title . 
} 

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 48


SPARQL Syntax ‐brief‐1

ƒ URIs
à <URI> in < >
i
à or @PREFIX prefix: <http://....>
à prefix:name for full URI
fi  f  f ll URI
ƒ Literals
à “Literal“ or “Literal”@language 
ƒ Blank Node
à _:name or [ ] for a Blank Node used just once 

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 49


SPARQL Syntax ‐brief‐2

ƒ Triples and .
à :x :y :z . :t :q :s . 
ƒ Common predicate and subject:
à :x :y :z, :t .which is the same as :x :y :z . :x :y :t . 
ƒ Common subject:
ƒ RDF Collections
à :x :y ( :z :t :q :s )
which is short for many triples (as lists in LISP)

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 50


A walkthrough example illustrating the 
power of SPARQL

XML/SQL    SPARQL

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 51


Walkthrough example (1xml)
<Person>
<name>Henry Story</name>
<mbox>[email protected]</mbox>
<knows>
<Person>
<name>Tim Bray</name> 
i
<mbox>[email protected]</mbox> 
</Person>
<Person>
<name>Jonathan Story</name> 
<mbox>[email protected]</mbox> 
</Person> 
</knows>
</Person>

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 52


Walkthrough example (1sparql)

[  a  :Person; 
:name "Henry Story"; 
:mbox <mailto:[email protected]>; 
:knows [  a :Person; 
:name "Tim Bray"; 
:mbox <mailto:[email protected]
b   il b@ ] 
]; 
:knows [ a :Person; 
:name "Jonathan Story"; 
name "Jonathan Stor "  
:mbox <mailto:[email protected]> ]; 
]   
] . 
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 53
Graph representation

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 54


Walkthrough example (2)
<AddressBook>
<Person> 
<name>Jonathan Story</name> 
<mbox>[email protected]</mbox>
<address>
<Country>France</Country>
</address> 
</Person> 
<Person> 
<name>Tim Bray</name> 
<mbox>[email protected]</mbox>
<address>
dd
<Country>Canada</Country>
</address> 
</Person>
</AddressBook> 
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 55
Walkthrough example (2sparql)

[  a :Person; 
:name "Tim Bray"; 
:mbox <mailto:[email protected]> 
:address [  a :Address; 
:country "Canada"@en ]  ]. 
[[  a :Person; 
;
:name "Jonathan Story"; 
:mbox <mailto:[email protected]> 
:address [ 
a :Address; 
:country "France"@en ] 
]. 
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 56
Graph representation

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 57


Walkthrough example (2)

ƒ These graphs can be merged into the 
following graph especially if the mbox 
f ll i   h  i ll  if th   b  
relation is stated as being inverse functional 
ƒ

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 58


Graph representation(merged)

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 59


Walkthrough example (2)

ƒ "Who does Henry know who lives in Canada, 
and what is their e‐mail address?" 
d  h t i  th i   il  dd ?" 
ƒ Can only be answered by aggregating data 
f
from both documents. 
 b th d t  
ƒ Can not be done using the XML query 
l
languages, which can only work
  hi h    l   k on the 
 h  
surface of the document. 

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 60


Walkthrough example (2sparql)

SELECT ?name ?mail 
WHERE { 
[a :Person; 
:name "Henry Story"; 
:knows [ 
[ :name ?name;  ;
:mbox ?mail; 
:address [  a :Address;
:country "Canada"@en; 
] ] ]
] ] ].
}  61
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Walkthrough example (3sparql)

Names and websites of contributors to 
PlanetRDF
Pl tRDF
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> 
SELECT ?
SELECT ?name ?website 
 ? b it  
FROM <http://planetrdf.com/bloggers.rdf> 
WHERE { 
?person foaf:weblog ?website ;
foaf:name ?name . 
?website a foaf:Document } 

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 62


Protocol Example (1)

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
SELECT ?who ?g ?mbox
FROM <http://my.example/publishers>
FROM NAMED <http://my.example/alice>
p // y p /
FROM NAMED <http://my.example/bob>
WHERE { 
?g dc:publisher ?who . 
GRAPH ?  { ?  f f b  ? b  } } 
GRAPH ?g { ?x foaf:mbox ?mbox } } 
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 63
Protocol Example (1)

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 27
d Dec 2005 12:48:25 GMT
8 G
Server: Apache/1.3.29 (Unix) PHP/4.3.4 DAV/1.0.3
Connection: closeContent‐Type: 
application/sparql‐results+xml; charset=utf‐8
<?xml version="1.0"?>
l i
<sparql xmlns=“…"> … …
</sparql>

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 64


References

ƒ http://www.w3.org/2004/Talks/17Dec‐
sparql/intro/all.html
l/i t / ll ht l
ƒ http://jena.sourceforge.net/ARQ/Tutorial/
ƒ http://blogs.sun.com/roller/page/bblfish
ƒ http://xmlarmyknife.org/api/rdf/sparql
ƒ http://xml.com/lpt/a/2005/11/16/introducing
‐sparql‐querying‐semantic‐web‐
tutorial.html
ƒ http://www.w3.org/2005/Talks/12May‐
p 3 g 5 y
SPARQL/all.html
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 65
References (2)

ƒ http://www‐
128.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/j‐
8 ib /d l k / l/lib /j
sparql/
ƒ http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf‐sparql‐protocol/
htt // /TR/ df l t l/
ƒ http://www.w3.org/2004/Talks/17Dec‐
sparql/intro/ex1.rq
l/i /
ƒ http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/wlg/7823

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008 66


THANK YOU…

For your attendance 
and patience

67
ANY QUESTIONS?

68
DUA ONTOLOGY
Taxonomy

Dua

Qurani Duas Masnoon Duas

Duas To Seek 
DuasToSeekParadise ….
K
Knowledge
l d

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


RDF Model of Duas

containsDua isRelatedTo

Surah Dua
Prophet

isContainedIn
hasRelatedDua

hasTheme

Theme

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


SAMPLE SPARQL QUERIES
Search Dua with a Particular Theme

PREFIX dua: 
<http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2
htt // ti b / t l i /
008/9/DuaOntology.owl#>

SELECT ?D ?theme
WHERE { ?D dua:hasTheme ?theme.}

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


SAMPLE SPARQL QUERIES

é é
Tested with Protégé 3.3.1
PizzaOntology

Querying for Classes

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


ƒ SELECT ?subject ?object
ƒ WHERE { ?subject rdfs:subClassOf ?object }

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


ƒ PREFIX p: <http://www.co‐
ode.org/ontologies/pizza/2005/10/18/pizza.o
d / t l i / i / / / 8/ i
wl#>
ƒ SELECT ?subject ?object
SELECT ? bj t ? bj t
ƒ WHERE { ?subject rdfs:subClassOf ?object }

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


ƒ PREFIX p: <http://www.co‐
ode.org/ontologies/pizza/2005/10/18/pizza.o
d / t l i / i / / / 8/ i
wl#>
ƒ SELECT ?subject ?object
SELECT ? bj t ? bj t
ƒ WHERE { ?subject rdfs:subClassOf p:Pizza}

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


ƒ PREFIX p: <http://www.co‐
ode.org/ontologies/pizza/2005/10/18/pizza.o
d / t l i / i / / / 8/ i
wl#>
ƒ SELECT ?subject ?object
SELECT ? bj t ? bj t
ƒ WHERE { ?subject rdfs:subClassOf 
p:PizzaTopping.
Pi T i

ƒ }

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


ƒ PREFIX p: <http://www.co‐
ode.org/ontologies/pizza/2005/10/18/pizza.o
ode org/ontologies/pizza/2005/10/18/pizza o
wl#>
ƒ SELECT ?subject ?object
ƒ WHERE { ?subject rdfs:subClassOf 
p
p:DomainConcept.p
ƒ ?subject owl:disjointWith ?object.

ƒ }

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


Dua Ontology

Querying on Instance Data

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


List all Duas with Corresponding themes

PREFIX dua: 
<http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2
htt // ti b / t l i /
008/9/DuaOntology.owl#>

SELECT ?D ?theme
WHERE { ?D dua:hasTheme ?theme.}

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


Example: List of Duas, their Themes which are 
contained in Surah Taha
ƒ PREFIX dua: 
<http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/20
htt // ti b / t l i /
08/9/DuaOntology.owl#>

ƒ SELECT ?D ?theme
ƒ WHERE { ?D dua:hasTheme ?theme.
ƒ ?D dua:hasSourceSurah dua:Taha. }

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


List of All Dua’s which have some Theme and 
have some source Surah
ƒ PREFIX dua: 
<http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/20
htt // ti b / t l i /
08/9/DuaOntology.owl#>

ƒ SELECT ?D ?theme ?surah
ƒ WHERE { ?D dua:hasTheme ?theme.
ƒ ?D dua:hasSourceSurah ?surah.}

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


ƒ PREFIX dua: 
<http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2008/9/DuaOntology.owl#>

ƒ SELECT ?D ?theme ?surah ?no

ƒ WHERE { ?D dua:hasTheme ?theme.
WHERE { ?D dua:hasTheme ?theme
ƒ ?D dua:hasSourceSurah ?surah .
ƒ
ƒ ?surah dua:hasSurahNo ?no
?surah dua:hasSurahNo ?no.

ƒ }
ƒ ORDER BY ?no

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


ƒ PREFIX dua: 
<http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2008/9/DuaOntology.owl#>

ƒ SELECT ?D ?theme ?surah ?no ?ayah

ƒ WHERE { ?D dua:hasTheme ?theme.
WHERE { ?D dua:hasTheme ?theme
ƒ ?D dua:hasSourceSurah ?surah ;
ƒ dua:hasSourceAyah ?ayah.
ƒ ?surah dua:hasSurahNo ?no
?surah dua:hasSurahNo ?no.

ƒ }
ƒ ORDER BY ?no

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


Notice the change in results with the use 
of OPTIONAL
ƒ PREFIX dua: 
<http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2008/9/DuaOntology.owl#>

ƒ SELECT ?D ?theme ?surah ?no ?ayah

ƒ WHERE{ ?D dua:hasTheme ?theme.
ƒ ?D dua:hasSourceSurah ?surah.
ƒ
ƒ ?surah dua:hasSurahNo ?no.

ƒ OPTIONAL{     ?D dua:hasSourceAyah ?ayah.

ƒ }}
ƒ ORDER BY ?no

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


Use of Regular Expression to retrieve duas 
that contain the word Rabbi
ƒ PREFIX dua: 
<http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2008/9/DuaOntology.
owl#>
l

ƒ SELECT ?D ?surah ?no ?text

ƒ WHERE{ 
ƒ ?D dua:hasSourceSurah ?surah
?D dua:hasSourceSurah ?surah.
?D dua:hasTextAyah ?text.
ƒ FILTER regex(?text,  "Rabbi") .

ƒ ?surah dua:hasSurahNo ?no.

ƒ }

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


Use of Regular Expression to retrieve duas 
that contain the word Rabbana
ƒ PREFIX dua: 
<http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2008/9/DuaOntology.owl#>

ƒ SELECT ?D ?surah ?no ?text

ƒ WHERE{ 
ƒ ?D dua:hasSourceSurah ?surah.
ƒ ?D dua:hasTextAyah ?text.
ƒ FILTER regex(?text   "Rabbana") 
FILTER regex(?text,   Rabbana ) .

ƒ ?surah dua:hasSurahNo ?no.

ƒ }

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


AN interesting Query!. …Think about 
what it does!
ƒ PREFIX dua: 
<http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/2008/9/DuaOntology.owl#>

ƒ SELECT ?Dua  ?DuaOther ?surah2

ƒ WHERE{ 
ƒ ?Dua dua:hasSourceSurah dua:Taha.
ƒ ?Dua dua:isRelatedTo ?p.
ƒ ?DuaOther dua:isRelatedTo ?p
?DuaOther dua:isRelatedTo ?p.
ƒ ?DuaOther dua:hasSourceSurah ?surah2.

ƒ }

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008


Find other Duas related to the same  
prophet in a given Surah
“Find other duas related with the prophet of a 
given surah.
given surah ”

FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008

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