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HW 02

The document contains solutions to multiple physics problems involving the calculation of moments. In problem 4.60, the directions cosines of a force F are given. To find the largest force magnitude that can safely be applied without exceeding the moment capacity of 100 kN-m at point O, the perpendicular distance D from O to F is calculated as 1.7283 m. Setting the maximum moment equal to D times the force magnitude gives the safe force limit of 58 kN.
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
478 views12 pages

HW 02

The document contains solutions to multiple physics problems involving the calculation of moments. In problem 4.60, the directions cosines of a force F are given. To find the largest force magnitude that can safely be applied without exceeding the moment capacity of 100 kN-m at point O, the perpendicular distance D from O to F is calculated as 1.7283 m. Setting the maximum moment equal to D times the force magnitude gives the safe force limit of 58 kN.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem 4.

14 The moment exerted about point E by


the weight is 299 in-lb. What moment does the weight
exert about point S?
S
30
E 40
1
2
i
n
.
1
3

i
n
.
Solution: The key is the geometry
From trigonometry,
cos 40

=
d
2
13 in
, cos 30

=
d
1
12 in
Thus d
1
= (12 in) cos 30

d
1
= 10.39

and d
2
= (13 in) cos 40

d
2
= 9.96

We are given that


299 in-lb = d
2
W = 9.96 W
W = 30.0 lb
Now,
Ms = (d
1
+d
2
)W
Ms = (20.35)(30.0)
Ms = 611 in-lb clockwise
S
E
30
40
1
2
i
n
.
1
3

i
n
.
1
2
in
30
40
S
d
1
d
2 E
13 in
W
Problem 4.15 Three forces act on the square plate.
Determine the sumof the moments of the forces (a) about
A, (b) about B, (c) about C.
200 N
200 N
200 N
3 m
3 m
A
C
B
Solution: Determine the perpendicular distance between the points and the
lines of action. Determine sign, and calculate moment. (a) The distances from
point A to the lines of action is zero, hence the moment about A is M
A
= 0.
(b) The perpendicular distances of the lines of action from B are: 3 m for the
force through A, with a positive action, and for the force through C, D
C
=

1
2

3
2
+ 3
2
= 2.12 m with a negative action. The moment about B is
M
B
= (3)(200) 2.12(200) = 175.74 N-m (c) The distance of the force
through A from C is 3 m, with a positive action, and the distance of the force
through B from C is 3 m, with a positive action. The moment about C is
M
C
= 2(3)(200) = 1200 N-m.
200 N
200 N
200 N
3 m
3 m
A
C
F
B
Problem 4.16 Determine the sum of moments of the
three forces about (a) point A, (b) point B, (c) point C.
100 lb 200 lb 100 lb
2 ft 2 ft 2 ft 2 ft
A B C
Solution:
(a) The sum of the moments about A:

M
A
= (2)(100) + (4)(200) (6)(100) = 0.
(b) The sum of the moments about B:

M
B
= +(2)(100) (2)(100) = 0
(c) The sum of the moments about C:

M
C
= +(6)(100) (4)(200) + (2)(100) = 0.
100 lb
200 lb
100 lb
2 ft 2 ft 2 ft 2 ft
A B C
Problem 4.17 Determine the sum of the moments of
the ve forces acting on the Howe truss about point A.
4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 4 ft
800 lb
8 ft
A
B
C
G
F
E
D
H I J K L
600 lb 600 lb
400 lb 400 lb
Solution: All of the moments about A are clockwise (negative).
The equation for the sum of the moments about A in units of ft-lb is
given by:

M
A
= 4(400) 8(600) 12(800) 16(600) 20(400)
or

M
A
= 33,600 ft-lb.
4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 4 ft
800 lb
8 ft
A
B
C
G
F
E
D
H I J K L
600 lb
600 lb
400 lb
400 lb
Problem 4.22 The vector sum of the three forces is
zero, and the sum of the moments of the three forces
about A is zero.
(a) What are F
A
and F
B
?
(b) What is the sum of the moments of the three forces
about B?
A
F
A
F
B
B
900 mm 400 mm
80 N
Solution: The forces are:
F
A
= |F
A
|(0i + 1j), F
B
= |F
B
|(0i + 1j),
and F = 80(0i 1j).
The sum of the forces is:

F = F
A
+F
B
+F = 0,
from which

F
Y
= (|F
A
| +|F
B
| 80)j = 0.
The sum of the moments:

M
A
= (0.9)(80) + (1.3)(|F
B
|) = 0.
(a) Solve these two equations to obtain: |F
B
| = 55.4 N, and |F
A
| =
24.6 N (b) The moments about B:

M
B
= (80)(0.4) (1.3)|F
A
| = 0
Problem 4.23 The weights (in ounces) of sh A, B,
and C are 2.7, 8.1, and 2.1, respectively. The sum of the
moments due to the weights of the sh about the point
where the mobile is attached to the ceiling is zero. What
is the weight of sh D?
12 in 3 in
2 in 6 in
2 in 7 in
A
C
D
B
Solution:

M
O
= (12)(2.7) 3(10.2 +D)
Solving D = 0.6 oz
12 in 3 in
2 in 6 in
2 in 7 in
A
C
D
B
12 3
2,7
0
(8.1+2.1+D) = (10.2+D)
Problem 4.28 Five forces act on a link in the gear-
shifting mechanism of a lawn mower. The vector sum
of the ve forces on the bar is zero. The sum of their
moments about the point where the forces A
x
and A
y
act is zero.
(a) Determine the forces A
x
, A
y
, and B.
(b) Determine the sum of the moments of the forces
about the point where the force B acts.
650 mm
650 mm 350 mm
450 mm 30 kN
45
20
B
A
x
A
y
25 kN
Solution: The strategy is to resolve the forces into x- and
y-components, determine the perpendicular distances from B to the
line of action, determine the sign of the action, and compute the mo-
ments.
The angles are measured counterclockwise from the x-axis. The
forces are
F
2
= 30(i cos 135

+j sin 135

) = 21.21i + 21.21j
F
1
= 25(i cos 20

+j sin 20

) = 23.50i + 8.55j.
(a) The sum of the forces is

F = A+B+F
1
+F
2
= 0.
Substituting:

F
X
= (A
X
+B
X
+ 23.5 21.2)i = 0,
and

F
Y
= (A
Y
+ 21.2 + 8.55)j = 0.
Solve the second equation: A
Y
= 29.76 kN. The distances
of the forces fromAare: the triangle has equal base and altitude,
hence the angle is 45

, so that the line of action of F


1
passes
through A. The distance to the line of action of B is 0.65 m,
with a positive action. The distance to the line of action of the
y-component of F
2
is (0.650 + 0.350) = 1 m, and the action
is positive. The distance to the line of action of the x-component
of F
2
is (0.6500.450) = 0.200 m, and the action is positive.
The moment about A is

M
A
= (8.55)(1) + (23.5)(0.2) + (B
X
)(0.65) = 0.
650 mm
650 mm 350 mm
450 mm
F
2
= 30 kN
45
20
B
A
x
A
y
F
1
= 25 kN
Solve: B
X
= 20.38 kN. Substitute into the force equation to obtain
A
X
= 18.09 kN
(b) The distance from B to the line of action of the y-component of F
1
is
0.350 m, and the action is negative. The distance from B to the line of
action of A
X
is 0.650 m and the action is negative. The distance from B
to the line of action of A
Y
is 1 m and the action is positive. The distance
from B to the line of action of the x-component of F
2
is 0.450 m and the
action is negative. The sum of the moments about B:

M
B
= (0.350)(21.21) (0.650)(18.09)
+ (1)(29.76) (0.450)(23.5) = 0
Problem 4.29 Five forces act on a model truss built
by a civil engineering student as part of a design project.
The dimensions are b = 300 mm and h = 400 mm;
F = 100 N. The sum of the moments of the forces
about the point where A
x
and A
y
act is zero. If the
weight of the truss is negligible, what is the force B?
b b b b b b
h
60
F
60
F
A
x
A
y
B
Solution: The x- and y-components of the force F are
F = |F|(i cos 60

+j sin 60

) = |F|(0.5i + 0.866j).
The distance fromAto the x-component is hand the action is positive.
The distances to the y-component are 3b and 5b. The distance to B is
6b. The sum of the moments about A is

M
A
= 2|F|(0.5)(h) 3b|F|(0.866) 5b|F|(0.866) + 6bB = 0.
Substitute and solve: B =
1.6784|F|
1.8
= 93.2 N
b b b b b b
h
60
F
60
F
A
x
A
y B
Problem 4.36 The cable from B to A (the sailboats
forestay) exerts a 230-Nforce at B. The cable fromB to
C (the backstay) exerts a 660-N force at B. The bottom
of the sailboats mast is located at x = 4 m, y = 0.
What is the sum of the moments about the bottom of the
mast due to the forces exerted at B by the forestay and
backstay?
y
x
B (4,13) m
C
(9,1) m
A
(0,1.2) m
Solution: Triangle ABP
tan =
4
11.8
, = 18.73

Triangle BCQ
tan =
5
12
, = 22.62

+M
O
= (13)(230) sin (13)(660) sin
+M
O
= 2340 N-m
230 N
660 N
A (0,1.2)
O (4,0)
C (9,1)
B (4,13)


P
Q
y
x
B (4,13) m
C
(9,1) m
A
(0,1.2) m

13 m
O
230 sin 660 sin
Problem4.60 The direction cosines of the force Fare
cos
x
= 0.818, cos
y
= 0.182, and cos
z
= 0.545.
The support of the beamat Owill fail if the magnitude of
the moment of Fabout Oexceeds 100 kN-m. Determine
the magnitude of the largest force F that can safely be
applied to the beam.
z
y
O
x
F
3 m
Solution: The strategy is to determine the perpendicular dis-
tance from O to the action line of F, and to calculate the largest
magnitude of F from M
O
= D|F|. The position vector from
O to the point of application of F is r
OF
= 3i (m). Resolve
the position vector into components parallel and normal to F. The
component parallel to F is r
P
= (r
OF
e
F
)e
F
, where the
unit vector e
F
parallel to F is e
F
= i cos
X
+ j cos
Y
+
kcos
Z
= 0.818i + 0.182j 0.545k. The dot product is
r
OF
e
F
= 2.454. The parallel component is r
P
=
2.007i + 0.4466j 1.3374k. The component normal to F
is r
N
= r
OF
r
P
= (3 2)i 0.4466j + 1.3374k.
The magnitude of the normal component is the perpendicular
distance: D =

1
2
+ 0.4466
2
+ 1.337
2
= 1.7283 m.
The maximum moment allowed is M
O
= 1.7283|F| = 100 kN-m,
from which
|F| =
100 kN-m
1.7283 m
= 57.86

= 58 kN
z
y
O
x
F
3 m
Problem 4.61 The force F exerted on the grip of the
exercise machine points in the direction of the unit vector
e =
2
3
i
2
3
j+
1
3
k and its magnitude is 120 N. Determine
the magnitude of the moment of F about the origin O.
x
y
z
O
F
150 mm
200 mm
250 mm
Solution: The vector from O to the point of application of the
force is
r = 0.25i + 0.2j 0.15k m
and the force is F = |F|e
or
F = 80i 80j + 40k N.
The moment of F about O is
M
O
= r F =

i j k
0.25 0.2 0.15
80 80 40

N-m
or
M
O
= 4i 22j 36k N-m
and
|M
O
| =

4
2
+ 22
2
+ 36
2
N-m
|M
O
| = 42.4 N-m
y
z
x
F
150 mm
200 mm
250 mm
O
Problem 4.62 The force F in Problem 4.61 points in
the direction of the unit vector e =
2
3
i
2
3
j +
1
3
k. The
support at O will safely support a moment of 560 N-m
magnitude.
(a) Based on this criterion, what is the largest safe mag-
nitude of F?
(b) If the force F may be exerted in any direction, what
is its largest safe magnitude?
Solution: See the gure of Problem 4.61.
The moment in Problem 4.61 can be written as
M
O
=

i j k
0.25 0.2 0.15
2
3
F
2
3
F +
1
3
F

where F = |F|
M
O
= (0.0333i 0.1833j 0.3k)F
And the magnitude of M
O
is
|M
O
| = (

0.0333
2
+ 0.1833
2
+ 0.3
2
)F
|M
O
| = 0.353 F
If we set |M
O
| = 560 N-m, we can solve for |Fmax|
560 = 0.353|Fmax|
|Fmax| = 1586 N
(b) If F can be in any direction, then the worst case is when r F. The
moment in this case is |M
O
| = |r||Fworst|
|r| =

0.25
2
+ 0.2
2
+ 0.15
2
= 0.3536 m
560 = (0.3536)|F
WORST
|
|Fworst| = 1584 N
Problem 4.63 An engineer estimates that under the
most adverse expectedweather conditions, the total force
onthe highwaysignwill be F = 1.4i2.0j (kN). What
moment does this force exert about the base O?
T
U
C
C
O
N
y
O
F
z
x
8 m
8 m
Solution: The coordinates of the point of application of the force
are: (0, 8, 8). The position vector is r
OF
= 8j + 8k. The cross
product is
r
OF
F =

i j k
0 8 8
1.4 2 0

= 16i (1.4)(8)j + (1.4)(8)k


M
O
= 16i 11.2j 11.2k (N-m)
Check: Use perpendicular distances to forces:
M
X
= 8(2) = 16,
M
Y
= 8(1.4) = 11.2,
M
Z
= 8(1.4) = 11.2 .
O
F
z
x
8 m
8 m
Problem 4.70 Consider the 70-m tower in Prob-
lem 4.69. Suppose that the tension in cable AB is 4 kN,
and you want to adjust the tensions in cables AC and
AD so that the sum of the moments about the origin O
due to the forces exerted by the cables at point Ais zero.
Determine the tensions.
Solution: From Varignons theorem, the moment is zero only if
the resultant of the forces normal to the vector r
OA
is zero. From
Problem 4.69 the unit vectors are:
e
AD
=
r
AD
|r
AD
|
=
35
85.73
i
70
85.73
j
35
85.73
= 0.4082i 0.8165j 0.4082k
e
AC
=
r
AC
|r
AC
|
=
40
90
i
70
90
j +
40
90
k
= 0.4444i 0.7778j + 0.4444k
e
AB
=
r
AB
|r
AB
|
=
40
80.6
i
70
80.6
j + 0k = 0.4963i 0.8685j + 0k
The tensions are T
AB
= 4e
AB
, T
AC
= |T
AC
|e
AC
, and T
AD
=
|T
AD
|e
AD
. The components normal to r
OA
are

F
X
= (0.4082|T
AD
| 0.4444|T
AC
| + 1.9846)i = 0

F
Z
= (0.4082|T
AD
| + 0.4444|T
AC
|)k = 0.
The HP-28S calculator was used to solve these equations:
|T
AC
| = 2.23 kN, |T
AD
| = 2.43 kN
Problem 4.71 The tension in cable AB is 150 N. The
tension in cable AC is 100 N. Determine the sum of the
moments about D due to the forces exerted on the wall
by the cables.
C
y
x
D
z
A
B
5 m
5 m
8 m
8 m
4 m
Solution: The coordinates of the points A, B, C are A (8, 0, 0),
B (0, 4, 5), C (0, 8, 5), D(0, 0, 5). The point A is the intersection
of the lines of action of the forces. The position vector DA is
r
DA
= 8i + 0j 5k.
The position vectors AB and AC are
r
AB
= 8i + 4j 5k, r
AB
=

8
2
+ 4
2
+ 5
2
= 10.247 m.
r
AC
= 8i + 8j + 5k, r
AC
=

8
2
+ 8
2
+ 5
2
= 12.369 m.
The unit vectors parallel to the cables are:
e
AB
= 0.7807i + 0.3904j 0.4879k,
e
AC
= 0.6468i + 0.6468j 0.4042k.
The tensions are
T
AB
= 150e
AB
= 117.11i + 58.56j 73.19k,
T
AC
= 100e
AC
= 64.68i + 64.68j 40.42k.
The sum of the forces exerted by the wall on A is
T
A
= 181.79i + 123.24j 32.77k.
The force exerted on the wall by the cables is T
A
. The moment
about D is M
D
= r
DA
T
A
,
M
D
=

i j k
8 0 5
181.79 123.24 +32.77

= (123.24)(5)i
((8)(+32.77) (5)(181.79))j + (8)(123.24)k
M
D
= 616.2i 117.11j 985.9k (N-m)
(Note: An alternate method of solution is to express the moment in terms of the
sum: M
D
= (r
DC
T
C
+ (r
DB
T
B
).)
C
y
x
D
F
z
A
B
5 m
5 m
8 m
8 m
4 m
Problem4.98 The tension in cable AB is 80 lb. What
is the moment about the line CDdue to the force exerted
by the cable on the wall at B?
y
x
3 ft
8 ft
6 ft
B
C
D
A (6, 0, 10) ft z
Solution: The strategy is to nd the moment about the point C
exerted by the force at B, and then to nd the component of that
moment acting along the line CD. The coordinates of the points B,
C, D are B (8, 6, 0), C (3, 6, 0), D(3, 0, 0). The position vectors
are: r
OB
= 8i + 6j, r
OC
= 3i + 6j, r
OD
= 3i. The vector
parallel to CD is r
CD
= r
OD
r
OC
= 6j. The unit vector
parallel to CD is e
CD
= 1j. The vector from point C to B is
r
CB
= r
OB
r
OC
= 5i.
The position vector of A is r
OA
= 6i + 10k. The vector parallel to
BA is r
BA
= r
OA
r
OB
= 2i 6j + 10k. The magnitude is
|r
BA
| = 11.832 ft. The unit vector parallel to BA is
e
BA
= 0.1690i 0.5071j + 0.8452k.
The tension acting at B is
T
BA
= 80e
BA
= 13.52i 40.57j + 67.62k.
The magnitude of the moment about CD due to the tension acting at
B is
|M
CD
| = e
CD
(r
CB
T
BA
) =

0 1 0
5 0 0
13.52 40.57 67.62

= 338.1 (ft lb).


The moment about CD is M
CD
= 338.1e
CD
= 338.1j (ft lb).
The sense of the moment is along the curled ngers of the right hand
when the thumb is parallel to CD, pointing toward D.
y
z A
x
B
C
D
(6, 0, 10)
6 ft
8 ft
3 ft
Problem 4.119 Four forces and a couple act on the
beam. The vector sum of the forces is zero, and the sum
of the moments about the left end of the beam is zero.
What are the forces A
x
, A
y
, and B?
4 m 4 m 3 m
A
x
A
y
200 N-m
800 N
B
x
y
Solution: The sum of the forces about the y-axis is

F
X
= A
Y
+B 800 = 0.
The sum of the forces about the x-axis is

F
X
= A
X
= 0.
The sum of the moments about the left end of the beam is

M
L
= 11B 8(800) 200 = 0.
From the moments:
B =
6600
11
= 600 N.
Substitute into the forces balance equation to obtain:
A
Y
= 800 600 = 200 N
4 m 4 m 3 m
A
x
A
y
200 N-m
800 N
B
x
y
Problem 4.120 The force F = 40i + 24j + 12k (N).
(a) What is the moment of the couple?
(b) Determine the perpendicular distance between the
lines of action of the two forces.
F
F
(10, 0, 1) m
x
(6, 3, 2) m
y
z
Solution:
(a) The moment of the couple is given
M
C
= r
AB
F
M
C
= (4i + 3j + 1k) (40i + 24j + 12k)
M
C
= 12i + 88j 216k (N-m)
(b) |M
C
| = |d||F| sin 90

|F| =

F
2
x
+F
2
y
+F
2
z
= 48.2 N
|M
C
| =

M
2
x
+M
2
y
+M
2
z
= 233.5 N
|d| = perpendicular distance
|d| = |M
C
|/|F|
|d| = 4.85 m
y
z
F
F
x
B
A
(10, 0, 1) m
(6, 3, 2) m
Problem 4.121 Determine the sum of the moments
exerted on the plate by the three couples. (The 80-lb
forces are contained in the x-z plane.)
z 60
80 lb
60
80 lb
40 lb
40 lb
8 ft
x
y
3 ft
20 lb 20 lb
3 ft
Solution: The moments of two of the couples can be determined
from inspection:
M
1
= (3)(20)k = 60k ft lb.
M
2
= (8)(40)j = 320j ft lb
The forces in the 3rd couple are resolved:
F = (80)(i sin 60

+kcos 60

) = 69.282i + 40k
The two forces in the third couple are separated by the vector
r
3
= (6i + 8k) (8k) = 6i
The moment is
M
3
= r
3
F
3
=

i j k
6 0 0
69.282 0 40

= 240j.
z
60
80 lb
60
80 lb
40 lb
40 lb
8 ft
x
y
3 ft
20 lb 20 lb
3 ft
The sum of the moments due to the couples:

M = 60k + 320j 240j = 80j 60k ft lb


Problem 4.122 What is the magnitude of the sum of
the moments exerted on the T-shaped structure by the
two couples?
z
y
x
50i + 20j 10k (lb)
50i 20j + 10k (lb)
50j (lb)
50j (lb)
3 ft
3 ft
3 ft
3 ft
Solution: The moment of the 50 lb couple can be determined by
inspection:
M
1
= (50)(3)k = 150k ft lb.
The vector separating the other two force is r = 6k. The moment is
M
2
= r F =

i j k
0 0 6
50 20 10

= 120i + 300j.
The sum of the moments is

M = 120i + 300j 150k.


The magnitude is
|M| =

120
2
+ 300
2
+ 150
2
= 356.23 ft lb
z
y
x
50j (lb)
50j (lb)
3 ft
3 ft
3 ft
3 ft
F
F
Problem 4.126 In Problem 4.125, the forces
F
B
= 2i + 6j + 3k (kN),
F
C
= i 2j + 2k (kN),
and the couple
M
C
= M
Cy
j +M
Cz
k (kN-m).
Determine the values for M
Cy
and M
Cz
, so that the sum
of the moments of the two forces and the couple about
A is zero.
Solution: From the solution to Problem 4.125, the sum of the moments of
the two forces about A is
M
Forces
= 0i 7j + 2k (kN-m).
The required moment, M
C
, must be the negative of this sum.
Thus M
Cy
= 7 (kN-m), and M
Cz
= 2 (kN-m).
Problem 4.127 Two wrenches are used to tighten an
elbow tting. The force F = 10k (lb) on the right
wrench is applied at (6, 5, 3) in., and the force F
on the left wrench is applied at (4, 5, 3) in.
(a) Determine the moment about the x axis due to the
force exerted on the right wrench.
(b) Determine the moment of the couple formed by the
forces exerted on the two wrenches.
(c) Based on the results of (a) and (b), explain why two
wrenches are used.
x
y
F
F
z
Solution: The position vector of the force on the right wrench is
r
R
= 6i 5j 3k. The magnitude of the moment about the x-axis
is
|M
R
| = e
X
(r
R
F) =

1 0 0
6 5 3
0 0 10

= 50 in lb
(a) The moment about the x-axis is
M
R
= |M
R
|e
X
= 50i (in lb).
(b) The moment of the couple is
M
C
= (r
R
r
L
) F
R
=

i j k
2 0 6
0 0 10

= 20j in lb
(c) The objective is to apply a moment to the elbow relative to con-
necting pipe, and zero resultant moment to the pipe itself. A
resultant moment about the x-axis will affect the joint at the
origin. However the use of two wrenches results in a net zero
moment about the x-axis the moment is absorbed at the juncture
of the elbow and the pipe. This is demonstrated by calculating
the moment about the x-axis due to the left wrench:
|M
X
| = e
X
(r
L
F
L
) =

1 0 0
4 5 3
0 0 10

= 50 in lb
fromwhich M
XL
= 50i in lb, which is opposite in direction and equal in
magnitude to the moment exerted on the x-axis by the right wrench. The
left wrench force is applied 2 in nearer the origin than the right wrench
force, hence the moment must be absorbed by the space between, where
it is wanted.
x
y
F
F
z

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