List of Chief Election Commissioners of India

S.No.

Name

From

To

Sukumar Sen

1950

1958

Kalyan Sundaram

1958

1967

S. P. Sen Verma

1967

1972

Dr. Nagendra Singh 1972

1973

T. Swaminathan

1973

1977

S. L. Shakdhar

1977

1982

R. K. Trivedi

1982

1986

R. V. S. Peri Sastri

1986

1990

V. S. Ramadevi

1990

1990

10

T. N. Seshan

1990

1996

11

M. S. Gill

1996

2002

12

J. M. Lyngdoh

2002

2004

13

T. S. Krishnamurthy 2004

2005

List of Chief Election Commissioners of India

S.No.

Name

From

To

14

B. B. Tandon

2005

2006

15

N. Gopalaswami

2006

2009

14

Navin Chawla

2009

2010

15

S. Y. Quraishi

2010

2012

16

V. S. Sampath

2012

incumbent

Chief election commissioners.

21 March 1950 to 19 December

1958
20 December 1958 to
2. KVK Sundaram
30 September 1967
1 October 1967 to 30 September
3. SP Sen Verma
1972
4. Dr Nagendra Singh 1 October 1972 to 6 February 1973
5. T Swaminathan
7 February 1973 to 17 June 1977
6. SL Shakdhar
18 June 1977 to 17 June 1982
7. RK Trivedi
18 June 1982 to 31 December 1985
1 January 1986 to 25 November
8. RVS Peri Sastri
1990
26 November 1990 to 11 December
9. Smt VS Ramadevi
1990
12 December 1990 to 11 December
10. T.N. Seshan
1996
1. Sukumar Sen

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

MS Gill
JM Lyngdoh
TS Krishna Murthy
BB Tandon
N Gopalaswami
Navin Chawla
S.Y. Qureshi
V. S. Sampath
Dr. Syed Nasim
Ahmad Zaidi

12 December 1996 to 13 June 2001

14 June 2001 to 7 February 2004
8 February 2004 to 15 May 2005
16 May 2005 - 29 June 2006
30 June 2006 - 20 April 2009
21 April 2009 - 29 July 2010
30 July 2010 - 10 June 2012
11 June 2012 - 07 August 2012
07 August 2012 - Incumbent

Sl.No

Vice - President

Duration

President

Dr.SarvepalliRadhakrishnan

13 May 1952
12 May 1962

Dr. Rajendra Prasad

Dr. Zakir Hussain

13 May 1962
13 May 1967

Sh. Varahagiri Venkata Giri

13 May 1967
3 May 1969

Dr. Zakir Hussain

Gopal Swarup Pathak

Sh. Varahagiri Venkata Giri

Basappa Danappa Jatti

JusticeMuhammad
Hidayatullah

1 September 1969
1 September 1974
1 September 1974
25 July 1977
25 August 1977
25 July 1982

RamaswamyVenkataraman

7 25 August 1982
25 July 1987

Giani Zail Singh

Shankar Dayal Sharma

3 September 1987
24 July 1992

Ramaswamy Venkataraman

Kocheril Raman Narayanan

Shankar Dayal Sharma

10

Krishan Kant

11

Bhairon SinghShekhawat

12

Mohammad Hamid Ansari

21 August 1992
24 July 1997
21 August 1997
27 July 2002
19 August 2002
21 July 2007
11 August 2007

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Dr. FakhruddinAli Ahmed

Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

Kocheril Raman Narayanan

A. P. J.Abdul Kalam
IncumbentPratibha Patil

List of Comptroller and Auditors General of India[edit]

No.

Comptroller and Auditor

Year tenure

General of India

began

Year tenure ended

V. Narahari Rao

1948

1954

A. K. Chanda

1954

1960

A. K. Roy

1960

1966

S. Ranganathan

1966

1972

A. Bakshi

1972

1978

Gian Prakash

1978

1984

T. N. Chaturvedi

1984

1990

C. G. Somiah

1990

1996

V. K. Shunglu

1996

2002

10 VN Kaul

2002

2008

11 Vinod Rai

2008

2013

12 Shashi Kant Sharma

2013

Incumbent (6 years tenure or 65 years of

age, whichever is earlier]

Lok Sabha and Its Speakers

Lok Sabha

First meeting

Dissolution

Speaker
Ganesh Vasudev
Mavalankar

First Lok Sabha

13 May, 1952

Tenure
15 May, 1952-27 February, 1956

4 April, 1957
M. Ananthasayanam
Ayyangar

8 March, 1956 10 May, 1957

Second Lok Sabha

10 May, 1957

31 March, 1962

M. Ananthasayanam
Ayyangar

11 May, 1957 16 April, 1962

Third Lok Sabha

16 April, 1962

3 March, 1967

Hukam Singh

17 April, 1962 16 March, 1967

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

17 March, 1967 19 July, 1969

Fourth Lok Sabha

16 March, 1967

7 December, 1970
Gurdial Singh Dhillon

8 August, 1969 19 March, 1971

Gurdial Singh Dhillon

22 March, 1971 1 December,

1975

Bali Ram Bhagat

5 January, 1976 25 March, 1977

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

26 March, 1977 13 July, 1977

K. S. Hegde

21 July, 1977 21 January, 1980

Fifth Lok Sabha

Sixth Lok Sabha

19 March, 1971

25 March, 1977

18 January, 1977

22 August, 1979

Seventh Lok Sabha 21 January, 1980

31 December,
1984

Bal Ram Jakhar

22 January, 1980 15 January,

1985

Eighth Lok Sabha

15 January, 1985

27 November,
1989

Bal Ram Jakhar,

16 January, 1985 18 December,

1989

Ninth Lok Sabha

18 December,
1989

13 March, 1991

Ravi Ray

19 December, 1989 9 July, 1991

Tenth Lok Sabha

9 July, 1991

10 May, 1996

Shivraj V. Patil

10 July, 1991 22 May, 1996

Eleventh Lok Sabha 22 May, 1996

4 Dec., 1997

P. A. Sangma

23 May, 1996 23 March, 1998

(FN)

Twelfth Lok Sabha 23 March, 1998,

26 April, 1999

G. M. C. Balayogi

24 March, 1998 20 October,

1999 (FN)

G. M. C. Balayogi

22 October, 1999 3 March, 2002

Manohar Joshi

10 May, 2002 4 June, 2004

Thirteenth Lok
Sabha

20 October, 1999 6 February, 2004

Fourteenth Lok
Sabha

2 June, 2004

Fifteen Lok Sabha

Somnath Chatterjee

4 June, 2004 31 May, 2009

Smt. Meira Kumar

3 June, 2009 Till date

First in india:
1. British Governor General of Bengal

Warren Hastings

2.

Lord Mountbatten

Governor General of Independent India

3. Commander-in-chief of Free India

General Roy Bucher

4. Cosmonaut

Sqn. Ldr. Rakesh Sharma

5. Emperor of Mughal Dynasty in India

Babar

6. Field Marshal

S. H. F. J. Manekshaw

7. Indian Governor General of Indian Union

C. Rajagopalachari

8. Indian I.C.S. Officer

Satyendra Nath Tagore

9. Indian Member of Viceroy's Executive Council

Sri S. P. Sinha

10. Indian to swim across English Channel

Mihir Sen

11. Indian woman to swim across-English Channel

Miss Arati Saha

12. Man to climb Mount Everest

Tenzing Norgay

13. Man to climb Mount Everest without Oxygen

Phu Dorjee

14. Man to climb Mount Everest twice

Nwang Gombu

15. Nobel Prize winner

Rabindra Nath Tagore

16. President of Indian National Congress

W. C. Banerjee

17. President of Indian Republic

Dr. Rajendra Prasad

18. Talkie Film

Alam Ara (1931)

19. Test Tube Baby (Documented)

Indira

20. Viceroy of India

Lord Canning

21. Woman Minister of Indian Union

Rajkumari Amrit Kaur

22. Woman Chief Minister of State

Mrs. Sucheta Kriplani

23. Woman Governor

Mrs. Sarojini Naidu

24. Woman President of Indian National Congress

Dr. Annie Besant

25. Woman Prime Minister

Mrs. Indira Gandhi

26. Woman Speaker of a State Assembly

Mrs. Shanno Devi

27. Prime Minister of India

Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru

28. Muslim President of Indian Union

Dr. Zakir Hussain

29. Speaker of Lok Sabha

G. V. Mavlankar

30. Woman to climb mount Everest

Bachhendri Pal

31. Woman Judge in Supreme Court

Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Biwi

32. Woman Chief Justice of a High Court

Smt. Leela Seth

33. Indian Woman to go in space (Now U.S. Citizen)

Kalpana Chawla

34.

The first Indian weightlifter to win bronze medal in

Olympics

Karnam Malleshwari
(Sydney, in 2000)

35. The First Indian World Chess Champion

Vishwanathan Anand

36. India's first paperless Newspaper

The News Today

(Launched on Jan. 3, 2001)

37. India's First woman Merchant Navy Officer

Sonali Banerjee

38. The first Dalit Speaker of the Lok Sabha

G. M. C. Balyogi

39. The first Vice-President of India to die in harness

Krishna Kant

40. The first Indian woman cricketer to score double century

Mithali Raj
(August 2002 playing against England)

41. The first woman Air Vice-Marshal

P. Bandopadhyaya

42.

The first Indian to be appointed as United Nations Civilian

Ms. Kiran Bedi
Police Advisor

43.

The first astronaut of Indian origin to perish aboard U.S.

space shuttle in a tragic accident

Dr. Kalpana Chawla

(Columbia space shuttle, Feb. I, 2003)

44.

The first woman to be appointed Deputy Governor of

Reserve Bank of India

K. J. Udeshi
(appointed on June 10, 2003)

45.

The first Indian girl to register a win in a Wimbledon

tournament

Sania Mirza (2003)

46.

The first Indian lady to win a medal in World Athletic

Championship

Anju Bobby George (Aug. 2003)

47.

The first woman Chairman and Managing Director of

NABARD

Mrs. Ranjana Kumar

48. The highest individual test scorer of India

49.

The first Indian cricketer to make double centuries five

times

Virendra Sehwag ( 309 runs in the first test in

Multan against Pakistan)
Rahul Drgvid (playing test against Pakistan in
Pakistan in. April 2004)

50. The first Odisha woman to top I.A.S.

Smt. Roopa Misra

(Indian Civil Services Exam., 2003)

51. The first Sikh Prime Minister of India

Dr. Manmohan Singh

52. The first woman Director General of Police of a State

Kanchan C. Bhattacharya
(DGP Uttarakhand)

53.

The first woman to be appointed as the

crime branch chief

MeeriJ Borwankar (took over as crime branch

chief of Mumbai police)

54.

The first woman to reach the rank of Lt. General in the

Indian army

Puneeta Arora (Commandant, Armed

Forces Medical College, Pune)

55.

The first Indian to cross seven important seas by

swimming

Bula Chaudhury

56.

The first woman to become Indian Air Force's first woman

Air Marshal Padma Bandhopadhyay
Air Marshal

57. The first youngest MP, at the age of 25 years

Dharmendra Yadav
(Mainpuri : Samajwadi Party MP)

58. India's first woman athlete to win WTA open Tennis title

Sania Mirza (Feb. 2005, Hyderabad)

The first Indian to set a world record of ever having

59. reached the highest
of heights yet in a hot balloon

Vijaypath Singhania
(Nov. 26, 2005. 69852 ft.)

60.

The first wonder child of Odisha only about 4 years and a

Budhia (May 2006)
half of age completes a race of 65 km.

61.

The first woman Commissioner of Police of an Indian

metro (Chennai Metro Police)

62. The first Indian to Ski to the North Pole

Letika Saran
Ajeet Bajaj (April 26, 2006)

63.

The first sportsman ever to win Gold Medal in Shooting in

Abhinav Bindra (July 24, 2006)
the World Shooting Championship

64.

The first person of Indian origin to win the Miss Great

Britain title

65. The first woman President of the Republic of India

Preeti Desai (2006)

Pratibha Patil

Acid Rain : The name given to rain, snow or sleet contaminated with acid substances so that its acidity is greater
than the limit expected by normal concentrations of carbondioxide dissolved in the rain to give carbonic acid. The
increased acidity is caused by larger concentrations of a number of contaminants, particularly the strong acids,
nitric and sulphuric which arise from industrial effluents containing oxides, nitrogen and sulphur.
Alluvium : Sedimentary matter deposited by rivers. It makes the soil fertile.

Antipodes : It is a region or place on the opposite side of the earth.

Aphelion : The position of the earth or of any other planet or comet in its orbit when it is at its greatest distance
from the sun.
Archipelago : A group of islands, such as Malaysian Archipelago.
Asteroid : A limp of rock or metal in orbit around the sun.
Atoll : It is a coral reef of the shape of a horse-shoe or ring with a lagoon in the centre.
Biosphere : The organic life on earth both animate and inanimate including plants, vegetables, animals, birds
and men.
Bore : A tidal wave which breaks in the estuaries of some rivers and being impelled by the narrowing channel
rises in the form of tide, and courses along with great force and noise.
Chromosphere : A shell of hot gas about 1600-4800 km thick encircling the visible surface of the sun.
Comet : A body of gas and dust traveling in an elongated orbit around the sun.
Cape : The point of termination or a neck of land extending into the sea.
Confluence : Meeting place of two or more rivers as at Allahabad where the Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati
meet.
Cosmis Rays : Atomic particles from spare whim travel close to the speed of light.
Continental Shelf : Apart of land which is submerged under the sea and whose depth is not more than 600 ft.
Contours : Lines connecting parts of the same Altitudes above sea level.
Date line (or International date line) : It is situated 180. meridian from Greenwich, a ship while crossing the
line eastwards goes forward a day, while westward it goes back a day.
Delta : An alluvial deposit shaped like the Greek letter formed at the mouth of river. The Nile Delta is well-known.
Earthquake : It is shaking of earth's crust sometimes accompanied by permanent elevations or depression, but
often no lasting effect is visible on the surface, except the damage done by shaking.
El Nino : A phenomenon noticed in the Pacific Ocean near the Chilean Coast. It is now believed that it has a
major impact on the onset of monsoon's in India.
Equinox : March 21 and September 23, when days and nights are of equal durations throughout the globe.
Fog : When moist air meets cold surface of earth, some of the water 'ours condense on the particles of dust in
air. This cloud of condensed vapour is called fog.
Glacier : A vast accumulation of ice and snow, which moves slowly, till it melts and forms a river is caned glacier.
Geyser : It is a fountain of hot water issuing from a hole which extends deep into earth's crust. The chief geysers
of the world are found in Iceland, New Zealand and Yellow Stone National Park (USA).
Gulf Stream : It is a warm ocean current, which flows along the eastern coast of North America and drifts
towards the western coast of Europe.
Iceberg : A large mass of ice, detached from a glacier and floating in the sea, is called an iceberg.
Igloo : It is the dome-shaped hut of snow in which Eskimos live,
Lagoon : A shallow lake formed at the :mouth of a river or near the sea but separated from it by a sand mound.
Meteor : A particle from space which burns up by friction in the Earth's atmosphere.
Midnight Sun : In the Arctic region, the sun is visible even at midnight in summer. Norway is called the land
of midnight sun.

Milky way : A band of stars, gas and dust across the night sky.
Ocean Currents : These are great circulatory movements of ocean either warm or cold and are caused by (i)
permanent winds, i.e., trade and westernly winds; and (ii) by difference in density of sea water.
Oceans : 71% of the total area of the earth is covered by water. In the ancient times, these oceans were
regarded as great hindrance in the development of relations between different countries. But now these have
become great highways for transportation.
Orbit : The path of the earth or any other planet round the sun is called its orbit.
Photosphere : The bright surface layer of gases on the sun.
Pampas : Dreary expanse of treeless grassy plains between the Andes and the Atlantic ocean.
Prairies : Extensive treeless tracts, covered with tall coarse grass, situated ill Central and North America.
Rainbow : It is an arch in the sky, caused by the reflection and refraction of breaking up of the rays of the sun by
tiny droplets of rain suspended in air.
Satellite : Natural satellites also called :moons are small planets which revolve round the larger ones.
Savannas : Land covered with natural grass in the tropical region from 5 N and 5C of equator to 23 N and 30
S.
Selvas : The plains covered with thick forests near the river Amazon (Brazil) in South America.
Tides : Tides are the alternate rise and fall of the sea water. The tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the
moon and to a lesser degree of the sun.
Volcano : It is large conical hillock having a funnel-shaped opening from which lava comes out. Cotapaxi is a
lofty active volcano in South America.

Finance Commissions ]
So far 14 Finance Commissions have been appointed which are as follows:

Finance Commission Year of Establishment

Chairman

Operational Duration

First

1951

K. C. Neogy

195257

Second

1956

K. Santhanam

195762

Third

1960

A.K. Chanda

196266

Fourth

1964

P. V. Rajamannar

196669

Fifth

1968

Mahaveer Tyagi

Sixth

1972

K. Brahmananda Reddy 197479

Seventh

1977

J.M. Shelat

197984

Eighth

1983

Y. B. Chavan

198489

Ninth

1987

N.K.P. Salve

198995

Tenth

1992

K.C. Pant

19952000

Eleventh

1998

A.M.Khusro

20002005

Twelfth

2003

C. Rangarajan

20052010

Thirteenth

2007

Dr. Vijay L. Kelkar

20102015

Fouteenth

2012

Dr. Y. V Reddy

20152020

LAW COMMISSIONS:
First Mr. M. C. Setalvad, as its Chairman. 1955

Second
Law
Commis
sion

1958-61

Mr. Justice T. V. VenkataramaAiyar.

Third
Law
Commis
sion

1961-64

Mr. Justice J. L. Kapur

196974

Fourth
Law
Commis
sion

1964-68

Mr. Justice J. L. Kapur

Fifth
Law
Commis
sion

1968-71

Mr. K. V. K. Sundaram, I. C. S.

Sixth
Law
Commis
sion

1971-74

Mr. Justice Dr. P. B.Gajendragadkar

Seventh
Law
Commis
sion

1974-77

Mr. Justice Dr. P. B.Gajendragadkar

Eighth
Law
Commis
sion

1977-79

Mr. Justice H. R. Khanna

Ninth
Law
Commis
sion

1979-80

Mr. Justice P. V. Dixit

Tenth
Law
Commis
sion

1981-85

Mr. Justice K. K. Mathew

Eleventh 1985-88
Law
Commis
sion

Mr. Justice D. A. Desai

Twelfth
Law
Commis
sion

1988-91

Mr. Justice M. P. Thakkar

Thirteen
th Law
Commis
sion

1991-94

Mr. Justice K. N. Singh

Fourtee
nth Law

1995-97

Mr. Justice K Jayachandra Reddy

Commis
sion
Fifteent
h Law
Commis
sion

19972000

Mr. Justice B. P. Jeevan Reddy

Sixteent
h Law
Commis
sion

20002001
20022003

Mr. Justice B. P. Jeevan Reddy

Mr. Justice M. Jagannadha Rao

Seventee 2003nth Law 2006

Commis
sion

Mr. Justice M. Jagannadha Rao

Eighteen 2006th Law

2009
Commis
sion

Dr. Justice AR Lakshmanan

Ninetee
nth Law
Commis
sion

20092012

Shri Justice P. V. Reddi

20th

2012 to
2015
(21.11.2
013)

Mr. Justice A. P. Shah, Former Chief Justice,

Delhi High Court