DOElET/27141-4

(DE82009120)
Distribution Category UC66c

GEOTHERMAL WELL DESIGN HANDBOOK

February, 1982

Prepared f o r
Department o f Energy
D i v i s i o n of Geothermal Energy
Contract DE-AC03-78ET27141

Prepared by
Laboratories for Applied Mechanics
Denver Research I n s t i t u t e
Denver, Colorado
and
Coury and Associates, Inc.
Denver, Colorado

..
I I
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Chapter 1

Chapter 1 1

Chapter 1 1 1
C h a p t e r 1V

.............. 1
D I S C U S S I O N OF HANDBOOK PROCESS . . . . . 3
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . 13
1NTRODUCTlON

P H Y S I C A L PROPERTIES GRAPHS AND TWO-PHASE

29
FLOW WELLHEAD PRESSURE GRAPHS

.....

I NTRODUCT I ON

I.

This handbook provides a simplified process for the user, at a desk

and using a handheld calculator, to estimate the performance of geothermal

wells which are produced by natural, flashing flows. To accomplish this,

the user must indicate the well diameter and depth, and the reservoir conditions. The process presented here then enables the user to determine
the total pressure drop in a flowing well, and therefore to find the

fluid pressure, temperature and steam quality at the wellhead. By applying the handbook process to several input data sets,the user can compile

sufficient information to determine the interdependence of input and output parameters.

For example, a graph of flowrate as a function of well-

head pressure may be constructed, or the effect of diameter changes on

1
4

pressure at the wellhead might be examined.

To make the process of the handbook possible, several simplifying
assumptions were made:

adiabatic wellbore flow (no heat transfer through

we1 1 casing)

the

no dissolved solids in the geothermal fluid

no dissolved gases in the geothermal fluid

single phase flow in the wellbore at producing zone.

These assumptions allow the elimination of several additional variables

from the problem

formulation. This simplified formulation lends itself

well to the treatment given in the handbook.

There are 5 (five) input parameters to be specified by the user:
0

We1 1 bore d iemeter

Depth of well to the top of the producing zone

2
0

Temperature of the fluid at the top of the producing zone

Total mass flowrate of fluid in the we 1

Pressure in the wellbore at the top of the producing zone.

The input pressure in the wellbore i s a function of the total mass

flowrate, as explained in Chapter 1 1 ,
The process used to find wellhead fluid conditions for a given set
of input parameters is divided into three major segments:
0

Calculation of single-phase pressure drop in the wellbore,

performed on a hand-held ,calculator,

Determination o f two-phase pressure drop from graphs supplied

in Chapter IV,

Evaluation of fluid conditions at the wellhead, using physical

properties found in Chapter I V graphs.

A detailed explanation of the handbook process outlined above is presented

in Chapter I I .

A sample calculation that uses the step by step approach

of the Well Design Data Sheet comprises Chapter 1 1 1 .

Outputs from the process noted above are the conditions of the geothermal fluid at the wellhead and consist of the following:
0

Fluid pressure

Fluid temperature

Steam Quality, or percent by weight of steam in the flowing

fluid.

It is expected that the output described above will be used most

often in making economic analyses to determine the feasibility of geothermal energy projects.

Such analyses may include the number, size and

relative costs of several combinations of wellbore diameter and flowrate,

or determination of necessary input values to supply sufficiently high
wellhead temperatures and pressures to a specific conversion process.
Chapter

I1 explores these possible uses o f the handbook results further.

3
II.

DISCUSSION OF THE HANDBOOK PROCESS

The process used in this handbook to find the pressure drop in a <

geothermal well in two-phase flow is shown in schematic form in Fig. 1

and explained in this chapter. Assumptions have been made to permit the
process to be presented in handbook form; these are also explained.
Comments on use of the results of the process are given,
ASSUMPTIONS
Several assumptions were made to simplify the fluid mechanics of
the well flow pressure drop calculation. These are as follows:
0

Adiabatic wellbore flow (no heat transfer through the

well casing)

No dissolved solids In the geothermal fluid

No dissolved gases

Single phase flow in the wellbore at the producing zone.

in the geothermal fluid

The thermodynamics of the phase change from liquid water to steam In

the flowing fluid are simplified by the first assumption.

The pure water

assumptions eliminate chemical interaction considerations from the pressur.e

drop computation; dissolved constituents can also serve to change the
point where two-phase flows begin. Additional information on the steam
quality of the reser oir fluid i s needed to perform the handbook process

if there is flashing in the reservoir. This information Is difficult to

estimate, and virtua ly impossible to measure, The occurrence of phase
change in the reservoir is not common. Without these assumptions, the
dimension of the pressure drop calculation becomes unmanageable in

hand-

book format,
INPUT PARAMETERS
There are 5 (five) input parameters that must be specified by the

~~

INPUT:

We1 1 Diameter
Depth t o Producing Zone
Production Temperature
Production Pressure
T o t a l Mass Flowrate

Calculate Length of
Two-Phase Zone

Determine i f wellbore i s i n
Single-phase Flow a t Top o f
Produc i.ng Zone
I

Find Wellhead Pressure from

Parameterized Computer
Output Graphs

S t a r t . S i ngle-Phase
Pressure Drop Calculation:
Find E l e v a t i o n Pressure Drop
Per Foot o f Well Length
Use Physical Properties
Graphs t o Determine We1 lhead
Temperature

I
Evaluate Constants f o r SinglePhase F r i c t i o n Pressure Drop
Per Foot of Well Length

t
Calculate Steam Q u a l i t y a t
the Wellhead from Enthalpy
Cons idera t ions

Calculate T o t a l SinglePhase Pressure Drop per

Foot o f Well Length

f
Calculate Length of Zone of
Single-phase Flow.
I f Less
Than We1 1 Depth, Proceed
w i t h Two-Phase Pressure Drop
Cal c u l a t ion

FJGURE 1.

Design Handbook U t i l i z a t i o n Sequence.

5
user.

They are:
Wellbore diameter
given i n inches;

i n s i d e diameter of the w e l l cas

Depth o f w e l l t o the top o f the producing zone, given i n

feet;
T o t a l mass f l o w r a t e of f l u i d i n t h e w e l l i n pounds per
hour;
Temperature of the f l u i d a t the top of the producing zone,
under flow conditions given i n degrees Fahrenheit. Since
a temperature gradient may e x i s t w i t h i n t h e producing zone,
t h e value o f the b u l k f l u i d temperature a t t h e top of the
producing zone may change when s h i f t i n g from s h u t - i n t o
f l o w c o n d i t i o n s . A simple approath t o t h e determination
of a reasonable value i s t o assume a uniform c o n t r i b u t i o n
throughout the producing zone and t h e r e f o r e t o a v e r a g e t h e
expected s h u t - i n temperatures a t the top and bottom of t h e
producing zone.
I f a d e t a i l e d temperature survey o f the
producing zone Is a v a i l a b l e , a more accurate temperature
can be determined. This input temperature w i l l be r e f e r r e d
t o as "production temperature'' i n t h e t e x t ;
0

Pressure i n the wellbore a t the top o f t h e producing zone,

under flow conditions, measured i n pounds per square inch,
.absolute. It i s important t o note that the s p e c i f i e d
pressure w i l l vary as a f u n c t i o n of f l o w r a t e because o f
pressure drop i n the formation. This input pressure w i l l
be r e f e r r e d t o as "production pressure" i n t h e t e x t .

Several o f the user inputs defined above are parameterized i n a d i s c r e t e

range t o l i m i t the number o f two-phase f l o w wellhead pressure curves t h a t
a r e presented.

If i t i s a t a l l p o s s i b l e f o r t h e user t o choose h i s input

wellbore diameter, mass f l o w r a t e and production temperature from the values

l i s t e d i n Table 1, page 6

process o f f i n d i n g t h e

head c o n d i t i o n s i s s i m p l i f i e d considerably.

rrespond ing we 1 1

The need f o r i n t e r p o l a t i o n ,

and t h e r e f o r e . t h e e v a l u a t i o n o f m u l t i p l e Input data sets f o r a s i n g l e solution,

Is then eliminated.

An example o f a problem r e q u i r i n g i n t e r p o l a t i o n

i s presented i n Chapter 1 1 1 .
I t i s p o s s i b l e t o use t h i s handbook t o evaluate wellhead pressure,

6
TABLE 1
Values o f Input Parameters Used in Construction
of Two-Phase Wellhead Pressure Graphs
Product ion Temperature: 3OO0F, 35OoF, 400F , 45OoF
5OO0F, 55O0F, 6OO0F, 65OoF
I

Mass Flowrate:

. s a
\ I

200,000 lbs/hr
3OO,OOO l b d h r .
400,000 1 bs/hr
500,000 lbs/hr

600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000

1b d h r
1b d h r
lbdhr
lbs/hr

Wellbore Diameter:
6 inches Outside Diameter
7 5/8 inches OD
8 5/8 inches OD
9 5/8 inches OD
10 3/4 inches OD
1 1 3/4 inches OD
13 318 inches OD
16
inches OD

= 5.524 inches Inside Diameter

ID
ID
9.063 inches ID
10.192 inches ID
11.15 inches ID
12.715 inches ID
15.375 inches ID

= 7.125 inches
= 8.097 inches

=
=

=
=
=

7
temperature and steam q u a l i t y f o r we 1s w i t h changes i n diameter.

This i s

done by t h i n k i n g o f such a . w e l 1 as a series o f constant (though d i f f e r e n t )

diameter w e l l s stacked upon.each other.

The f l u i d c o n d i t i o n s c a l c u l a t e d

f o r the top o f one constant diameter segment then become t h e input cond i t i o n s f o r the next higher segment i n the stack.

This technique i s ex-

p l a i n e d i n Chapter 1 1 1 ,
PROCESS TO FIND THE TOTAL-PRESSURE DROP

The sequence o f c a l c u l a t i o n s used i n t h i s handbook i s a common one:

given the f l u i d c o n d i t i o n s a t the top o f the producing zone, the pressure
d r o p ' i n t h e f l u i d as i t r i s e s up the wellbore i s computed.
d r o p * c a l c u l a t i o n i s d i v i d e d i n t o two p a r t s :

s i n g l e phase and two-phase.

The s i n g l e phase pressure drop i s the sum o f two components:

pressure drop and p i p e f r i c t i o n pressure drop.
drop has three components:

The w e l l pressure

elevation

The two-phase pressure

an e l e v a t i o n pressure drop, pipe f r i c t i o n

pressure drop, and an a c c e l e r a t i o n pressure drop due t o t h e d e n s i t y change8

t h a t i s p a r t o f the phase change process.

The pressure o f the wellhead

i s then the d i f f e r e n c e o f the production pressure minus t h e sum o f the

s i n g l e phase and two-phase pressure drops.

The sequence used here per-

m i t s c a l c u l a t i o n s t o be made by the user w i t h o u t any i t e r a t i o n steps on

h i s part.
I n summary, the handbook sequence i s used as f o l l o w s :
0

choose values f o r i n p u t parameters,

ed on user's knowledge
o f the r e s e r v o i r and conversion process o r end use o f resource;

evaluate f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s from Chapter I V graphs;

compute s i n g l e phase pressure drop and l o c a t i o n o f f l a s h

horizon ( p o i n t o f trans! t i o n o f two-phase f l o w ) ;

f i n d wellhead pressure from two-phase pressure graphs o f

Chapter I V ;

find we lhead temperature from saturation conditions graph;

compute wellhead Quality.

Sinqle Phase Pressure Drop

To begin the single phase pressure drop sequence, a check should be

made t o assure that the well is indeed in single phase flow at the top
o f the producing zone.

T h e saturation pressure for the production tempera-

ture i s found o n the graph of saturation temperature-pressure relationships,

,

located in Chapter IV.

This pressure is then compared t o the production

pressure; if the production pressure is larger, the well is in single

phase flow at the top o f the producing zone, and the handbook sequence
can then be followed.

T h e first component o f the single phase pressure drop is the elevation

pressure drop term.

It is a function o f the production temperature and is

read off the Properties Graph in Chapter I V .

Several constants are required t o compute the friction pressure drop,
the second component of the single phase pressure drop.

T h e friction

factor is the only constant found in the pressure drop formula, but it
is a function of the Reynolds number o f the wellbore flow.

Reynolds

number is a dimensionless parameter computed from velocity and physical

properties of the flowing flu d.

To compute the Reynolds number, it is

necessary to find the density and viscosity of the fluid, both o f which
a r e functions o f temperature.

These values are obtained from Chapter I V

Properties Graphs.
The friction factor, f, is a function o f Reynolds number, and t o a
lesser extent, a function o f pipe diameter.

T h e Properties Graph that

shows the Reynolds Number, vs. friction factor curves indicates minimum,
maximum and average values o f f with respect to pipe diameter,

T h e average

9
value can be used with reasonable accuracy since the friction pressure
drop term contributes only 1 % to 5% of the single phase pressure drop.
However, f values may be estimated from the graph for those who desire

to be as precise as possible.
~.

The single phase pressure drop is determined on a per foot o f we1

bore length basis.

The total available single phase pressure drop i s

then found by subtracting the saturation pressure (found in the initia

1

step to determine if single phase flow exists in the wellbore) from.the

production pressure.

This saturation pressure is a function of the pro-

duction temperature, and if the pressure in the wellbore drops below this
value, boiling must start.
Since the available total pressure drop for single phase flow is
known and the pressure drop per foot of wellbore in single phase flow

has been calculated, a simple division of the first by the second will
equal the length of wellbore in single phase flow.

Thus we now know

how far from the top of the producing zone boiling begins.

The depth

to the producing zone is an input parameter, so a subtraction will yield

the length of wellbore in two-phase flow.

This value

i s the input needed

to find the pressure drop in the two-phase flow zone.

Two-Phase Pressure Drop
The calculation for pressure drop in the two-phase flow zone i s
compl icated; it requires correlations to compute the elevation pressure
drop term and friction pressure drop term. These correlations are functions
of the physical properties and relative volumes o f the steam and liquid
water constituents of the fluid.

An iterative procedure is necessary

to complete the calculation; it is most easily done by a digital computer

10
program,
There are many correlation coefficients for two-phase flow that
exist in the technical literature. After consideration of several of
the more prominent, those chosen for this edition of the design handbook
are Hughmark for elevation pressure drop and Dukler, Case I I , for twophase friction pressure drop.

A decision was made to run a representative set of input conditions

through the computer program and then present the output in graphic form.
This method has two advantages: a large volume of data can be presented
on a minimum amount of paper, and similar data sets with only one parameter change can be presented on the same graph for comparison purposes.
The graphs included in the handbook each consist of eight (8) curves
on a single set of axes.

The curves represent the results for inputs of

a specified diameter, two (2) mass flowrates and four (4) temperatures.

The mass flowrate, temperature and diameter have each been parameterized
2s

8 discrete

Val

ues. Thus a total of 64 two-phase we1 1 head pressure

graphs have been generated. The axes chosen as being the most convenient
to use the data were Length of Two-Phase Zone as the abscissa and Wellhead
Pressure as the ordinate. Wellhead pressure was chosen because it i s one
of the output parameters of the handbook sequence; iength of two-phase

zone can be easily calculated once the single phase pressure drop is
computed, and provides a most logical independent variable, since the
pressure drop is a direct function of length o f the flow path.

OUTPUT
There is an index at the start of Chapter I V to allow fast and
easy

ocation of the two-phase Wellhead Pressure graphs, based on the

input parameters used in the single phase calculation. Once the proper

graph i s located, the user finds the length of two-phase zone (computed

11
as t h e r e s u l t of t h e s i n g e phase pressure drop) on the abscissa, f o l l o w s
t h a t value v e r t i c a l l y t o

t s i n t e r s e c t i o n w i t h t h e proper curve, and reads

the corresponding Wellhead Pressure o f f the o r d i n a t e ,

Once t h e wellhead 'pressure i s found from the above-descr bed graphs,
t h e wellhead temperature i s f i x e d due t o the saturated c o n d i t on o f t h e
The wellhead temperature i s found from t h e graph o f s a t u r a t i o n

flow.

pressure-temperature r e l a t i o n s h i p s i n Chapter I V .

Q u a l i t y o f the geothermal

f l u i d , expressed as a'percent by weight o f the t o t a l f l o w ,

i s e a s i l y com-

puted using conservation o f energy and e n t h a l p i e s o f the f l u i d a t t h e f l a s h

~

horizon and a t t h e wellhead.

ANALY S I S
The a n a l y s i s o f t h e output o f t h i s handbook i s dependent on t h e use
t o be made o f t h e geothermal f l u i d a f t e r e x t r a c t i o n .

w i l l be presented here.

A general methodology

Since i n most cases, some knowledge o f the r e s e r v o i r

i s a v a i l a b l e , t h e depth t o t h e producing zone and t h e production temperature

can be f i x e d .

By varying w e l l diameter and mass f l o w r a t e inputs, a para-

m e t r i c s e t o f wellhead temperatures, pressures and q u a l i t i e s can be calculated.

An estimate of t h e number and s i z e o f w e l l s needed t o operate the

u s e r s ' intended process can now be made.

With t h i s information, cost

comparisons can be c a l c u l a t e d f o r t h e severa

r a t e inputs used.

cases o f diameter and flow-

I f r e s e r v o i r c h a r a c t e r l s t cs a r e n o t w e l l defined,

a d d i t i o n a l cases w i t h changes i n depth and t mperature can be computed.

Economic o p t i m i z a t i o n can be conducted by adding costs f o r t h e process
i t s e l f as a f u n c t i o n o f f l u i d pressure and temperature a t t h e wellhead t o
t h e w e l l costs as computed above.
Long term w e l l operation can a l s o be ca culated, i f t h e pressure o f
t h e r e s e r v o i r can be p r e d i c t e d a s a f u n c t i o n of e i t h e r time o r

12
cumulative production, The method used here depends on production pressure
and temperature, so thst when standard reservoir engineering techniques are

applied, sufficient information can be obtained so that calculation of

wellhead pressures and temperatures for future operation is possible.
A final comment on the use of the output should be noted.

Because

of the simp1 Fying assumptions made and the complex nature of two phase
flow, the we lhead conditions determined

via this handbook are approxima-

tions. This is why they are called estimates throughout the text. The
output data have the most value when used to compare the relative merits
of several proposed well configurations and the influence o f individual
parameters on well performance.

13
1 1 1 . SAMPLES OF USE OF THE HANDBOOK PROCESS
The Well Design Data Sheet i s introduced and i t s use explained i n
t h i s chapter.

By f o l l o w i n g t h e step by step i n s t r u c t i o n s on the Well

Design Data Sheet, the user can determine the wellhead f l u i d conditions
f o r any set o f input parameters t h a t l i e w i t h i n t h e range o f the param e t e r i z a t i o n noted i n Chapter 1 1 .

A blank Well Design Data Sheet (Fig. 2) t o

be reproduced and f i l l e d - i n by the user i s provided.

The f i r s t sample, us

d i s c r e t e values included i n t h e i n p u t parameterization, i s worked on a We1

Design Data Sheet and accompanied by t e x t explanation.
i n t e r p o l a t i o n i s necessary i s a l s o given,

A second sample where

Also included i s a d e t a i l e d expla-

n a t i o n o f a method t o use when a change i n wellbore diameter i s encountered

a f t e r the onset o f two-phase flow.
The f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s necessary t o complete the s i n g l e phase pressure
drop c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e presented i n Chapter I V .
temperature and a r e shown i n grpphic form.

These p r o p e r t i e s vary w i t h

The graphs are marked t o show

t h e i r use i n o b t a i n i n g f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s f o r the sample c a l c u l a t i o n l a t e r

i n t h i s chapter.

Reference t o t h e p r o p e r t i e s graphs a t the noted steps

i n t h e sample should help the user i n understanding t h e i r f u n c t i o n .

Also contained i n Chapter I V are the graphs o f the two-phase flow
pressure drop, presented as curves on Depth o f Two-PhaseZone vs. Wellhead
Pressure axes.

These are the data necessary t o compute the estimates o f

wellhead c o n d i t i o n s using the methodology o f t h i s handbook.

used t o develop these curves were described e a r l i e r .

Calculations

It i s expected t h a t

b e t t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s f o r t h e two-phase pressure drop c a l c u l a t i o n w i l l be

developed through l a b o r a t o r y and f i e i d experiments.

Improved graphs i n

t h e above described format w i l l be issued as replacements for t h e o r i g i n a l s

i n t h i s handbook, and more accurate estimates f o r t h e output parameters

Figure 2.
Symbol

Parameter

Well Design Data Sheet

Units

Source

Wellbore Diameter
(casing i n s i d e dia.)

inches

input

Depth t o Top o f
Producing Zone

feet

input

1b/hr

input

OF

input

psia

input

~~~

Va 1ue

Mass Flow Rate

Production Temperature

Tor

Production Pressure

PPr

S a t u r a t i o n Pressure a t
Production Temperature
~

-~~~

'sat (T D r

psia

Graph P-4,

pg. 35

~~~

S i n g l e Phase
Pressure Drop

PS

plP

I F APlp < 0

Well i s i n two phase f l o w i n producing zone

STOP

No f u r t h e r c a l c u l a t i o n can be made

L i q u i d Density

E l e v a t i o n Unl t
Pressure Drop

IJ

Absolute V i s c o s l t y
Reynolds Number

Graph P-1 , P. 32

psijft

Graph P-1, p. 3 2 , T

centlpoise

--

(E)

Graph P-2, p. 33
Re = (6.31607)
Graph P-3, P.

--

S i n g l e Phase U n i t
Pressure Drop

Equation :

lb/ft3

Re

Moody F r f c t i o n Factor

psi/ft

, Tpr

wA

jb

Tpr

Re

(equation)

1P

(E)

1P

(E)

e l ev

[I + (4.8377 x

I)-(

Figure 2.
Symbo 1

Parameter
Length o f S i n g l e Phase Zone

Wz11 Design Data Sheet (continued)

Units

ft

Va 1oe

Source
L l p = APlP/(E)
1P

Length o f Two Phase Zone

IF LPp < 0

L2P

L2p =

- LlP

Well i s i n s i n g l e phase f l o w o n l y

Go t o Option

We1 1head Pressure

*OUTPUT*

ft

below

'wh

psia

Two phase wellhead pressure

graphs LA-1 through HD-8
(see index on pgs.30 6 311,

LzP
OF

Wellhead Temperature
*OUTPUT*

Twh

Wellhead L i q u f d Enthalpy

hRwh

BTW 1 b

L i q u i d Enthalpy a t
FI ash Hor I zon

hEfh

BTU/ 1 b

Phase Change Enthalpy

a t Wellhead Conditions

hQgwh

BTU/ 1b

Steam Q u a l i t y
*OUTPUT*
OPTION @
Wellhead Temperature
*OUTPUT*
We1 lhead Pressure
*OUTPUT*

Graph P-5,

P.

36, Tpr

by
Weight

Twh

OF

'wh

psia

Twh

Steam Qual I t y = 0% f o r Slngle Phase Flow a t Wellhead

'pr

I
I

16
can then be determined.
SAMPLE WITH INPUT VALUES FROM THE DISCRETE PARAMETERIZATION
Use of the Well Lesign Data Sheet is demonstrated here for an input
data set chosen from the discrete values used in the construction of the
two-phase wellhead pressure curves. The filled-in Data Sheet for this
as Fig. 3.

sample is sh&n

Please refer to it as you follow the text.

Let us assume we know that the top of the producing zone is 6000 ft.
below the surface, and that the production temperature of the fluid as
it starts up the wellbore will be 45OoF.

Further, a reservoir engineer

has stated that at a flowrate of 500,000 lb/hr, the production pressure

(in the wellbore at the top of the producing zone) will be about 2280
There are plans to case the drilled well with 9 5/8" OD pipe

psia.

which hzs an inside diameter o f 9.063 inches.

These values should be

recorded, in the proper units, on the Sample Well Design Data Sheet,
Fig. 3.
Saturation pressure for the input production temperature is found

on Properties Graph P-4, page 35.

For the 450 used here, the saturation

pressure is 423 psia. When the pressure of the fluid rising up the wellbore drops to this value, boiling will start to occur in the fluid. This
is by definition the flashing horizon and the top of the single phase flow
zone in the well.
APlp

Thus the available single phase pressure drop is

Ppr

Psat;

for the sample case, APlP = 2280

423 = 1857 psi,

If the saturation

pressure is then more than the production pressure (i .e., APIP*'O),

then

the producing zone is in two-phase flow and the handbook cannot be used
to produce estimates of wellhead conditions,

. , . _.._...

..~.......
.

....l_l..____

F l g u r e 3.

.~

I.

.I

.. ...

......

_-

..--....-.^I

...

. ."

""..
~"..

...._--._I

Sample Case w i t h D i s c r e t e P a r a m e t e r i z e d Input.

Well Design Data S h e e t

Symbol

Parameter

Uni t s

Source

We1 l b o r e Diameter
(casing inside dia.)

inches

input

Depth to Top of
Producing Zone

feet

input

Mass Flow Rate

9.063
6000

P roduc t 1on Temperature

OF

Single Phase
P r e s s u r e Drop

~~~

input

450"

input

psla

Psat(Tpr)

500,Or'-x7

i npu t

psia

PPr

Saturation Pressure a t
P r o d u c t i o n Temperature

I
I

1b/hr

Tp r

Productlon Pressure

Graph P-4, pg. 35

4-23

(Tp r 1

/&I57

PS i

plP

I F APlp

'tp

'pr-'sat

Well i s i n two phase flow i n producing zone

CON r / M U -

No f u r t h e r c a l c u l a t i o n can be made

STOP

Liquid D e n s i t y

Val u e

1b / f t 3

Graph P-1, p. 3 2 , T ; ~

psilft
c e n t i po i se

Graph P-1, Pa 3 2 , Tpr

Graph P-2, p. 339 Tpr

Re

--

'

Elevation Unit
P r e s s u r e Drop

5/.
4-

/AD\

Absolute V i s c o s i t y
Reynolds Number

Re
(6.31607)($,)
Graph P-3, P- I

_-

Moody F r i c t i o n F a c t o r

0.357

2.7 Y /06
0.o/#

~~~

Single Phase Unit

P r e s s u r e Drop

( e q u a t ion)
I

Equation:

(g)1P = (g)e l e v

[I + (4.8377 x

(-)]

0.3607

--- - -

....

~~~

........

. .

~.
....

F i g u r e 3 (Continued)
We1 1 Design Data Sheet (continued)

Parameter

Symbo 1

ft

Length o f S i n g l e Phase Zone

Va 1ue

Source

Units

Ev4-a

L l p = Ahp/(%)
1P

Length o f Two Phase Zone

Go t o Option

Wellhead Pressure
*OUTPUT*

LfP

ft

L2p = L

- Llp

below

'wh

psia

Two phase wellhead pressure

graphs LA-1 through HD-8
(see index on pgs.30 & 31 ) ,
L2D

Wellhead Temperature
*OUTPUT*

Twh

Wellhead L i q u i d Enthalpy

hRwh

L i q u i d Enthalpy a t
Flash Horizon
Phase Change Enthalpy
a t Wellhead Conditions
Steam Q u a l i t y
*OUTPUT*
OPTION @
Wellhead Temperature
*OUTPUT

We1 lhead Pressure

*OUTPUT

hQgwh

Q
Twh
'wh

Graph P-4, p.

35, Pwh

405

BTU/ 1b

Graph P-5,

P.

36, Tpr

4-3

BTU/ 1 b

Graph P-6, P.

37, Twh

0.17

OF
BTU/ 1b

%
! by
Weight

OF
psia

Steam Q u a l i t y = 0%.for S i n g l e Phase Flow a t Wellhead

19
The first fluid properties needed in the single phase pressure drop
calculation are the liquid density and the elevation unit pressure drop.
Theseyvalues, as found on curves on Properties Graph P-1, page 32, are
p =

51.4 lbs/ft3 and (AP/Ak)elev = .357 psi/ft., and should be listed in

the "Value" column of the sample Well Design Data Sheet, Fig. 3.
Absolute viscosity is next determined from Properties Graph P-2,
page 33, to be 0.12 centipoises, This figure is entered and then plugged
into the Reynolds number equation presented on the next line of the Data
Sheet, along with the mass flow rate and wellbore diameter previously
iisted. The constant in the equation adjusts for units as given so that
the product is dimensionless.

The equation to be used is

A
Re = 6.31607 QJ

The Reynolds number found (Re = 2.9 x 106)

rovidas the necessary

input to find the Moody friction factor from Properties Graph P-3, page 3 4 .

The Graph of friction factor vs. Reynolds Number shows a range of friction
factors due to the different diameters considered, with an average value
plotted in the center of the rang

lue for this case was taken

from the "average" curve. The Moody

on factor Is found to be

f = 0.014 and i s noted on the sample Well

eslgn Data Sheet.

All necessary info

phase unit pressu

able to calculate the single

owing equation:

values are l i

in F g. 3. us

t calculator permits fast and accurate computa-

tion of the above parameter, whose value is ,3607 psi/ft for our sample case.

20

The length of the zone of single phase flow can now be computed using
the following equation:

Substituting values listed on Fig. 3 and performing the division, the

length i s found to be

Now the length of the two-phase flow zone

5148 ft.

can be computed, because the total well depth was an input parameter.
This depth is also the location of the f1a.h
L2p =

Llp = 6000

'horizon and is Siven by

- 5148,

which is 852 ft. for the sample case.

When LIP is greater than the total well depth, L , the flow over the
entire well depth remains single phase.

The wellhead temperature and

pressure are then found using formulae presented in Option A on the Well
Design Data Sheet. The temperatureis unchanged due to the adiabatic
wellbore assumption:
Twe1 1 head

Tproduct ion

The pressure drop i s the product of the well depth and the single
phase unit pressure drop; thus the wellhead pressure can be expressed as

The above equations are valid only when LPp is negative.

Once the length of the two-phase zone is known, the wellhead pressure
can be found on one of the 64 graphs presenting output of the two-phase
flow computer program.
tained in Table 2.

The Identification Key for these graphs is con-

The Two-Phase Flow Wellhead Pressure Graph Index,

pages 30-31, lists the locations by input parameter.

For the sample case

21

Table 2
Two Phase Flow Wellhead Pressure

Graph Identification Key

Product ion Temperature (Tpr)

Designation
L

5000,
600, 650F
5500F)

Mass Flowrate (I?)

200,000
b/hr
300,000 b/hr

Designation

400,000
500,000 b/hr
600,000
800,000 b/hr

1,000,000 1 b/hr
1,200,000 lb/hr

-.

We1 lbore Casing Diameter (D)

6"

Designation

Outside Diameter ( 5.524'' ID)

7 518

7.125" ID)

8 518

( 8.097'l ID)

9 5/8

( 9.063" ID)

10 3/4

(10.192" ID)

1 1 3/4

(11.15"

ID)

13 318

(12.715" ID)

16

(1 5 375" ID)

Examples:

For h = 600,000 lb/hr, T = 400F, D = 10 3/4" OD,

curve i s found on Graph fC-5;
For = 300,000 lb/hr, Tpr
550OF, D =
curve i s found on Graph HA-2.

7 5/8" OD,

22

conditions: T = 45OoF yields "L" temperature designation; M = 500,000

Ib/hr, "Bll flowrate designation; and D = 9 5/811 OD, "4" diameter designaThus, the Graph to be used in the sample case i s LB-4.

tion.

has eight curves, four temperatures at each of two flowrates.

This Graph
On the

T = 45OoF, M = 500,000 lb/hr curve, a length of 852 ft. corresponds to

a wellhead pressure of 269 psia.

The value for wellhead pressure identi-

fied on this line of the Well Design Data Sheet i s one of the three output
parameters.
The second output parameter is the wellhead temperature, obtained
from Properties Graph P-4 on page 35.

Two-phase flow at the wellhead

dictates that a saturation condition must exist, so that the temperature

is fixed and known when the pressure is found, For the sample case, the
we1 lhead temperature is 408OF.
Wellhead steam quality (Q) i s a measure of the steam fraction of
the wellhead fluid, by weight, expressed as a percent.
output parameter of the handbook.

This i s the final

It is calculated by assuming constant

enthalpy in the wellbore, from the flash horizon to the wellhead. The
fact that the fluid is 100% liquid at the flash horizon permits determination of enthalpy at that point.

Since there i s no loss of enthalpy,

the fluid at the surface must have an equivalent value on a per pound
bas is.

The two-phase flow pressure/length curves (Graphs LA-1 through

HD-8) are used to find a wellhead pressure as detailed above.

Now a liqu,d

enthalpy (per pound) for wellhead conditions can be found from Properties
Graph P-5, page 36, to be hawh = 3 8 3 . 5 BTU/lb,

From this same source,

enthalpy can be determined (using production temperature

BTU/lb,

Entha py for phase change (heat of vaporization)

23
i s found from P r o p e r t i e s Graph P-6 on page 37; using t h e wellhead temperature,

gllwh
t h i s value i s h
quality i s

Q=

= 714 BTU/lb.

hRfh
hkwh
hQgwh

The energy balance t o determine steam

100

s u b s t i t u t i n g i n t h e values obtained above q u a l i y i s c a l c u l a t e d t o be

Q = 5.8% This completes t h e f i r s t sample c a l c u a t i o n .

SAMPLE WITH INTERPOLATION

If t h e chosen values for e i t h e r t h e production temperature, Tpr,

or

the t o t a l mass f l o w r a t e ,

R,

z a t i o n i n Table 1, page

6, an i n t e r p o l a t i o n technique must be used t o f i n d

a r e not among those 1-isted i n the parameteri-

the process outputs of wellhead f l u i d conditions. . I t i s assumed t h a t enough

standard p i p e

diameters a r e given t o avoid t h e need t o i n t e r p o l a t e .

The

i n t e r p o l a t i o n Sample Well Design Data Sheet, Fig. 4, demonstrates how tb

handle such a case.

A l l i n p u t parameters remain t h e same as t h e previous sample, except

t h a t t h e production temperature, Tpr,

has been r a i s e d t o 47OoF.

The s i n g l e

phase pressure drop c a l c u l a t i o n i s c a r r i e d o u t s i m i l a r t o t h e f i r s t sample.

However, n o t e t h a t since t h e r e has been a change i n production temperature,
t h e values of t h e f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s have a l s o changed,

Details o f the c a l -

c u l a t i o n a r e n o t presented here, but may be followed on Fig. 4.

Once t h e l e n g t h of t h e two-phase zone has been determined (as t h e
n a l step o f t h e s i n g l e phase c a l c u l a t i o n ) ,

i n t e r p o l a t i o n must begin.

near i n t e r p o l a t i o n i s used because i t i s simple, and t h e technique i s

d e l y known,

The i n p u t production temperature l i e s between t h e parameterized

d i s c r e t e values of 45OoF and 50OoF.

So t h e proper Two-Phase Wellhead Pressure

..

Sample Case

F i g u r e 4.

Wi

t h I n t e r p o l a t i o n We1 1 Design Data Sheet.

Well Design Data Sheet

Pa r ame t e r
We1 l b o r e Diameter
(casing i n s i d e dia.)
Depth t o Top o f
Producing Zone
Mass F l o w Rate

Production Pressure

Source

Inches

i nput

feet

i nput

ri

1b/hr

input

psia

i nput

pr

S a t u r a t i o n Pressure a t
Production Temperature

, .

psia

sat (T p r

S i n g l e Phase
Pressure Drop

PS 1

plP

Graph P-4,

STOP

No f u r t h e r c a l c u l a t i o n can be made

Elevation U n i t
Pressure Drop

($)e1

Absolute V i s c o s i t y

ev

Reynolds Number

(E)

1P

(z)

elev

[1 + (4.8377 x

1765
<on/r/.t/
W E

Graph P-1,

_--

5 0 -3

0.35/

P. 32, Tpr

0.
u-3

Graph P-2, p. 33 9 Tpr

Re = (6.31607)

I)-(

5 1 5

pg. 35

psi/ft

S i n g l e Phase U n i t
Pressure Drop

Equation :

500,0C2 c

Graph P-1, P. 32, Tpr

Re

Moody F r i c t i o n Factor

6000

Ib/ft3

centipoise

1.I

9.063

Ppr-Psat(Tpr)

Well i s i n t w o phase f l o w i n producing zone

Va 1ue

plp

I F BP1p < 0

L i q u i d Density

Uni t s

Symbol

3 - 0 8x

(
1
)

T , Re

Graph P-3, P- 5

IOLL:

0 -0/4

Figure

(Continued)

Well Design Data Sheet (continued)

Pa r a mt e r

Symbo 1

Units

Length o f Single Phase Zone

ft

Length o f Two Phase Zone

L2P,

. ft

Go t o Option

Llp

Va 1ue

Source

Pp1P/(%)

4-374-

1P

L2p =

ioz 6

Llp

below
~~

We1 1 head Pressure

*OUTPUT;\

'wh

psia

Two phase wellhead pressure

graphs LA-1 through HD-8
(see index on pgs. 30 E 311,

339

L2P

We1 1 head Temperature

*OUTPUT

Twh

Wellhead L i q u i d Enthalpy

hRWh

OF

BTU/ 1b

Graph p-5, P. 36, Twh

Graph P-5,

, .

L i q u i d Enthalpy a t
Flash Horizon

hRfh

BTU/ 1 b

Phase Change Enthalpy

a t We1 lhead Condl t l o n s

hRgwh

BTU/ 1b

I Q I

% by
Weight

Steam Qual I t y
*OUTPUT*
OPTION @
Wellhead Temperature
*OUTPUTfc

Twh

We1 1 head Pressure

*OUTPUTn

'wh

Steam Q u a l i t y

p. 36, Tpr

794
5.54

E' qwh
~

OF

psla

= T'

'wh
'wh

t3:

pr

Ppr

. 0% for Single Phase Flow a t Wellhead

- [(@l

OL]

26
Graphs are checked and the following pressures found for a two-phase zone

of 1026 feet:

45OoF:

Pwh = 252 psia

50OoF:

Pwh = 470 psia.

The interpolation multiplier is computed from the equation:

x =

Tpr
Tcooler
fhotter - Tcooler

- 470-450 =
- 5o0-450

o.4

Pwh for the desired TPr is found from an analogous equation:

x = 'wh
p500

'450
p450

rearranging terms and substituting numbers:

Pwh

p450

4- X(P500

- P450) = 252 + 0.4 218)=

Thus the interpolated wellhead pressure is 339 ps a,

339 psia.

The other wellhead

parameters are calculated by following the remain ng steps on the Well

Design Data Sheet. An analogous calculation can be made for mass f l w rates that are not in the discrete parameterization data set.

If both the total mass flowrate and production temperature values

to be used in the calculation are not in the discrete parameterization
data set, proceed as follows:
0

Compute the single phase pressure drop and find the length
of the two-phase zone via the steps o f the Well Design Data
Sheet.

Consider the discrete mass flowrate from the parameterization

data set that is closest to, but less than, the actual value
used in the problem. Obtain the Wellhead pressures using
the Two-Phase Wellhead Pressure Graphs, from curves for the
two temperatures from the discrete set that are closest to
the input value, one greater than and one less than the
actual input. Perform an interpolation following the above
procedure to get a wellhead pressure that reflects the actual
input production temperature, but is a function of the lower
value discrete mass flowrate.

Perform a similar interpolation to that outlined above at the

mass flow rate closest to, but areater than the actual value
from the problem.

27

Perform a f i n a l i n t e r p o l a t i o n using the actual input mass

f l o w r a t s a n d t h e two c l o s e s t mass flowrates from the d i s c r e t e
set, w i t h t h e i r corresponding wellhead pressure values. These
are t h e values computed i n the two previous steps. This f i n a l
i n t e r p o l a t i o n gives a wellhead pressure t h a t has been corrected
f o r both temperature and mass flowrates o u t s i d e the input d i s c r e t e parametetlzation.

Using t h e wellhead pressure found i n the l a s t step, f o l l o w

the Design Data Sheet sequence t o o b t a i n the o t h e r wellhead
f l u i d conditions.

The user should be aware t h a t l i n e a r i n t e r p o l a t i o n s are an approximation

technique, and t h a t the r e s u l t s t h a t use i n t e r p o l a t i o n w i l l not be as accurate
as those obtained d i r e c t l y from the d i s c r e t e parameterization i n p u t .

However,

the s i m p l i f y i n g assumptions made t o permit t h e production o f t h i s handbook

compromise the absolute accuracy o f the r e s u l t s , so t h a t the i n t e r p o l a t i o n
.material can be used as an estimate w i t h confidence.
CHANGE I N WELLBORE DIAMETER

Calculations f o r a "telescoping" w e l l , one w i t h changes i n wellbore

diameter, can be performed using t h e f o l l o w i n g sequence:.
0

Separate t h e t o t a l w e l l depth '(to the top o f t h e producing

zone) i n t o Constant diameter segments: LA, LB, e t c .

Compute the pressure a t the top o f t h e bottom segment using

the producing zone i n p u t parameters, f o l l o w i n g the sequence
of the Well Design Data Sheet.

Moving up from t h e producing zone, use the pressure, temperat u r e , and f l o w r a t e values a t the top o f each segment as the
input f o r t h e bottom of the succeeding segment.

There are two p o s s i b l e s i t u a t i o n s a t the s t a r t o f each new segment.

The f i r s t i s t h a t t h e w e l l i s i n s i n g l e phase flow, i n which case t h e Well
Design Data Sheet sequence i s used, w i t h pressure and temperature inputs
s p e c i f i e d as those outputs o f t h e previous segment,

Secondly, i f t h e flow

i s two-phase a t the entrance t o a new segment, the key t o f i n d i n g the cond i t i o n s a t the top o f the subject segment i s t h a t the pressure a t the

28

bottom of that segment is known.

I n the second case,

t is necessary to find an "equivalent length" of

che two-phase flow zone for the new diameter of the segment. Take the
known pressure from the top of the previous segment as the ordinate on
the proper Two-Phase Wellhead Pressure Graph.

Follow the constant pressure

line to its intersection with the correct curve for the given conditions
and proceed vertically down to the corresponding Depth of Two-Phase Zone.
This value is the equivalent length, defined as the length of wellbore
of the new diameter that would be required to generate a pressure drop to
reach the known pressure, if the flash horizon was located in the segment
under study.

The length of the subject segment is then added to the "equiva-

lent length", and a new Wellhead Pressure i s found on the same graph.

This

new wellhead pressure in turn becomes the input pressure for the next segment.
The treatment presented here assumes no pressure drop across a diameter
change.

29
IV.

P r o p e r t i e s Graphs and Two-Phase Flow We1 head Pressure Graphs

Index
P r o p e r t i e s Graphs
Graph

P-1

Page

L i q u i d Density and E l e v a t i o n U n i t Pressure

Drop a t S a t u r a t i o n Conditions

32

Graph P-2

Absolute V i s c o s i t y a t Saturation Conditions

33

Graph P-3

Moody F r i c t i o n Factor as a Function o f

Reynolds Number

34

Graph P-4

S a t u r a t i o n Temperature-Pressure Re a t ionsh ips

35

Graph P-5

L i q u i d ' Enthalpy a t S a t u r a t i o n Cond t ions

36

Heat o f Vaporization a t Saturation Conditions

37

Graph

P-6
TWO

Flow Wellhead Pressure Graphs

(See Next Two Pages}

30

Index to Two-Phase Flow Wellhead Pressure Graphs

Temperat u re

Flowrate

Diameter

age

200,000 lb/hr
300,000 lb/hr
Low
Temperature

400,000 1 b/hr
500,000 1 b/hr

3OO0F
350F
400zF
450 F
SOOOF

600,000 lb/hr
800 ,000 lb/hr

Low
Temperature

1,000,000 lb/hr
1,200,000 1 b/hr

NOTE:

To permit easier use o f Two-Ptiase Wellhead Pressure Graphs

during interpolation, the curves for SOOOF appear on both

the Lo- and High Temperature graphs.

31
Two-Phase Flow We1 lhead Pressure Graphs (Continued)
Temperature

D ia m e t e r

Page

200,000 b/hr
300,000 b/hr

iI

F 1 ow rate

High
Temperature

400,000 1 b/hr
500,000 lb/hr

High
Temperature

65

60

5s

50

G
z
W

a
c
W

k
B

45

40

35

30

25

100

200

300

400

TEMPERATURE
GRAPH P-l

500

600

OF

LIQUID DENSITY AND ELEVATION UNlT PRESSURE DROP AT

SATURATION CON DIT ION S

TEMPERATURE

OF
w
W

GRAPH P-2 ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY AT SATURATION CONDITIONS

..

34

35

I-

'

'

I
I

I 1
I ,

I
I

'

I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I

2
TEMPERATURE

OF

GRAPH P-4 SATURATION TEMPERATURE-PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPS

36

0
3
P

TEMPERATURE OF

GRAPH P-5 LIQUID ENTHALPY AT SATURATION CONDITIONS

37

GRAPH P-6

HEAT OF V A P O R I Z A T I O N A T SATURATION C O N D I T I O N S

Legend

Diameter

A I T P ~ = ~ O O ~ F , 300,000 l b / h r
200,000 1 b/hr
B: l p r =300F, &l=
CI fpr = 350 F , A = 300,000 1 b l hr
0: Tpr =35OOF, td z 200,000 t b / h r
E: Tbr =40O0F, a z 300,0001 b/ hr

= 5.524

inches

38

F: Tor= 4OO0F, M = 200,000 l b / h r

Tpr = 450F, &
=I 500,000 l b /hr
H: Tpr =450F, Q = 200,000 l b / h r
31 Tpr =500F,P = 300,000 fb/hr
K: T p r = 5 0 0 0 F , P = 200,000 l b / h r

G I

tn

n
L

v)

tn
W

a
e
0

a
W

J
J
W

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LA I : TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Diameter = 7.125 inches

At Tpr L 30O0Fl &
LI 300,000 1 b/hr
F: Tpr = 4OO0F, M = 200,000 lb/hr
200,000 1 b / hr
G: Tp! * 4 W F , M = 300,000 l b l h r
8: Tpr =300F, A =
C* Tpr =350F,
300,000 1 b/hr
H: Tpr =450F, IJ = 200,000 lb/hr
0: Tpr =35O*F, K l C
200,000 1 b/ hr
4% Tpr =50O0F1&4 = 300,000l b / h t
Legend

E: Tpr +4OO0F, liC =

39

K: Tpr =5000F, &

=I 200,000 lb/hr

300,000 1 b/ hr

800
I

...I

. .

I
.

'

'

'

- - .

. ---

7-

I
I
I

'

'

I
I

0
DEPTH

OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LA-2: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Legend

40

Diameter = 8.097 inches

Ca Tbr =350F, &l=

300,000 1 b/hr
0: Tar
=35OoF,
=
200,000 l b l h r
rE: Tpr = 4 0 0 F ,
300,000 1 b/ hr

H: Tpr = 4 5 0 * F , fi ::
J * Tnr = 5 0 0 F , &4 =

200,000 lb/hr
300,000 lb/hr
200,000 lb/hr

cn
a

a
3
cn
cn
W
a
Q,

a
W
r

J
J

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LA-3: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Legend

Diameter

A l T p r f 3 0 0 F , &f=
6: Tpr t300F, M =
C1 fpr s35O0F, &!
f

300,000 l b / h r
2oC),OOO 1 b/hr
300,OOO 1 b/hr

41

9.063 inches
FI Tort 4OO0F, M =
G * Tpr,= 4SOOF, &4 L
HI Tor =45OoF, h;r *

200,000 l b / h r

300,000l b / h r
200,000 l b / h r

800

cn
a
e
w
P

as
w

I.

.J
W

3%

V I

lobo

2doo

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LA- 4: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Diameter

Legend
A: Tpr = SOOOF, &4 =
8: Tpr = 300F , til =
C: Tpr = 350 F , 1;1( =
0: Tpr = 3 S o F , til =
E: Tar =4OO0F, =

300,000
200,000
300,000
200,000
300,000

1 b/hr
1 b / hr
1 b / hr
1 b/ hr
1 b/ hr

42
: 10.192

inches

F: Tprt 400F, k

G: Tpi = 45OOF,
H: Tpr = 4 5 0 ' F ,

= 200,000 l b / h r
:

300,000 l b / h r

= 200,000 l b / h r

J: Tpr =500F,64 = 300,000 l b / h r

K: Tprr5000F, M = 200,000 l b / h r

e
tn

Q.
c

tn

a
e
n

Q
W

I
J

DEPTH

OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LA-5. TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Diameter

& = SO0,OOO l b / h r
R=
M=

200,000 1 b/hr
300,000 1 b/hr
&
=I 200,000 l b / h r
&=I

= 11.60

43
inches

Fs Tp,r= 4OO0F, M = 200,000 l b / h r

6 : Tpr 4500 F, &4 : 200,000 l b /hr
H: Tpr ~ 4 5 0 * F ,Id = 300,000l b / h r
J * Tpr =500F, P = 2OO,OOO l b / h r

300,0001 b/ hr

-ma
e

c
2

m
(0

a
w

I.
J

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LA-6: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

44

-ma
e

3
tn
tn
W

a
e
0
Q

w
I
J

IO
DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.
GRAPH LA-?: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Legend

Diameter

B* l p r =300F, &4 =
C' Tpr =3500F, fA =
0: Tpr =350F, t4 =
E: Tpr =400*F, &4 t

300,000 1 b / hr
200,Om 1 b/hr
300,000 1 b/ hr
200,000 1 b/ hr

45

= 15.375 inches

w = 300,000 l b / h r
3; Tpr = 5OOoF, rif = 200,000 1b/hr
K: .Tplr50@F, hir = 300,000 lb/hr

H: Tpr =4SOF,

cn

m
w

a
e
P

a
W

A
A

V I

lobo
2doo
DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.
GRAPH LA-8 TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

301 '0

46

a
3
cn
cn
w
a
e
n

a
W

J
.
J
W

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LB'I :TWO

PHASE WEUHEAO PRESSURE CURVES

47
Diameter

Le~cnd

AI T p r f 3 0 0 F , h =
Bt Tpr =300F,&
=I
C* Tpr *35O0F, &! E:
0: Tpr t3S0F, t4 =
E: Tpr =400F,h;( L

800 I

I
I

= 7.125

inches

400,000 1 b/hr
500,000 1 b/hr
400,000 1 b/ hr

Fl Tpt.' 4o0F1 M = 4 ~ 0 , 0 0 0l b / h r
G I Tpr = 4 5 P F , = 560,000l b / h r
H: Tpr =45OoF, lh
400,000l b / h r
Jr Tpr =500F, P = 500,000 l b / h r

500,000l b / hr

K: Tpr t5000F,

500,000 l b / h r

-- .

th = 400,000 l b / h r

a
I

600

a
3
cn
m

400
Q

n
a
w

J
J
..

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH Le-2: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

48

a
cn

Q.
L

a
3
cn
cn
Y
a
e
0

a
W

J.
J

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LB-3: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE

CURVES

Legend

Diameter

500,000 l b / h r
400,000 1 b/hr
C* Tpr =S50F, R
500,
0: Tpr t3500F, &
e l 400,000 1b/hr
E: Tpr =40O0F, U
500,000 1b/ hr
A*Tpr'30OoF,

Q g

B: Tpr r300F,

9.063 inches

FS T'r,' 40OoF, kl a 400,000 l b / h r

Tpr = 45OOF, lh t 5 m O O O l b / h r
Ht Tpr Kh90F, &4 = 400,000 Ib/hr
aJ1 Tpr L 500F,
500,000 l b / h r
Kc Tpr=5000F, P = 400,000 l b / h r

GI

800

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH L6-4: TWO

PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

49

53

6: Tpi =300F,P =
C: f p r 350' F, R *
D: Tpr = S O oF , O =
E: f ~ =400F,
,
Pt

400,000
500,000
400,000
500,000

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

-name I e - c . .rum OUACC UIPI I

ueAn DPCCCIIDCPIIDVCC

51

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LB-6:TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Legend

Diameter

A: Tpr = 300 F , P =
B* Tpr s30O0F, M =
C' Tpr =350.F, &! 8
0: Tpr *3506F, M =

E: Tpr =40O0F, 64 =

500,000 1 b l hr
400,000 1 b l h r
500,000 1 b i b
400,000 1 b l hr
500,000 1b l hr

52

12.175 inches
FI Tprg 400F, M =
GI Tpr 4500F, M *
H: Tpr g 45OoF, U =
J' Tpr =50O0F, a;C =
K: Tpr = 5000F, P =

400,000 l b l h r
500,000 l b l h r
400,000 l b l h r
500,000 l b l h r
400,000 l b l h r

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH Le-? : TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

53

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE. FT.

GRAPH LB-8 :TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE

r,
CURVES

54

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LC- I : TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES
w

Diometer

Legend

A: Tpr
8: Tpr
C* Tpr
0: Tpr
E: Tpr

300*F, h

z30O0F, & l o
=3508F, 641
tSSOOF, &4
g40O0F, &4 t

800,000 1 b / hr
600,000 1 b/hr

800,000l b l h r
600,000 l b / h r
800,000 1 b / hr

55

7.125 inches
F * Tprz 4008F, M
G: Tpr = 4500 F, td :
H: Tpr +450F, M =
J : *Tpr =500F, P =
K:.'Tpr =5000F, & =

600,000 l b / h r
800,000 l b / h r
600,000 l b / h r
800,000 l b / h r
600,000 l b / h r

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LC-2: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

4
.
I
I

cn
e
c

0:

2
tn

cn
W
a

e
0

a
W

J
J
W

IO
DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.
GRAPH LC-3:TWO PHASEWELLHEADPRESSURE CURVES

Legend

Diameter

= 9.063

inches

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LC-4: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

57

Legend
At Tpr
8: Tpr
C* Tpr
D: Tpr
E: Tpr

Diornettr

=300F, & =
~ 3 0 F,
0U
~=
=350*F,li4 =
=35OOF, ti! =
=400F, K4
f

800,000 1 b/hr

600,0001 b / hr
800,000 1 b/hr
600,0001 b/ hr
800,000 1 b/ hr

10.192 inches

Fi Tprs 4OO0F, M = 600,000 l b / h r

G : Tpr * 450" F, t 800,000 1b /hr
H: Tpr =450F,
= 600,000l b / h r
Jt lpr =500F, P =
800,000 I W h r
K: Tpr =5000F, P = 600,000 lb/hr

-acn
Q
c

a
3
co
m
w

a
Q

a
W

J
J
W

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LC-5 : TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

58

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LC-6: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Leiend

Oiometer

A: Tpr = 300' F, h =
B: Tpr =300F, G t

800,000 1 b / hr

C: Tpr = 35OoF, R
0: Tpr =35OoF, &

800,000 1 b / hr
600,000 1 b/ hr

=
=

600,0001 b/hr

= 12.715

60

inches

FI Tprg QOOOF, IA

= 600,000

lb/hr

G: T p r = 4 5 0 0 F , M = 800,000 l b / h r
H: Tpr =450F, = 600,000l b l h r
J: Tpr = 500F, 64 = 800,000 1 b/ hr
K: T p r = 5 0 0 0 F , P = 600,000 l b / h r

cn

CL
L

a
3
cn
rn
W

CL

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LC-7 : TWO

PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Lcqcnd

Diameter

A * T p r = 3 0 O o F , bx
B: Tpr 300' F , M t
C: f p r e 5 0 F, &! t
0: Tpr z35O0F, Eic *
E: Tpr t400F,r;C I:
f

800

__
---

---L.-----?-

---*

&
:
4

I
I

F: Tpr= 4OO0F, k = 600,000 l b / h r

G * Tpr 4500F, &
t I 800,000 l b l h r
H Z Tpr x 4 5 O 0 F , h;( = 600,000 l b / h r
3: Tpr f 5 0 0 F , P L 800,000 l b / h r
K: Tpr = S O V F , IU = 600,000 l b l h r

800,000 l b / h r
600,000 1 b / hr
800,000 1 b / hr
600,000 1 b/ hr
800,000 l b / hr

61

= 15.375 inchcr

-2

lobo

__t

2000

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LC-8 TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

3000

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH Dol:
TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

A: Tpr=300F, & =
8: Tpr 300F , & =
Cz Tor =350F, A =
0: Tpr = 3 W F , M =
E: T m =4WF,
f

63

Diameter = 7.125 inches

Legend

1,200,000 l b / h r
I ,000,000 1 b/ hr
1,200,000 lb/hr
I ,000,0001 b/ hr
I,200,000 l b / hr

FI Tors 4OO0F, M = 1,000,000 lb/hr

G: lpr * 45OOF, M * 1,200,000 lb/hr

N: Tr =45O0F,
J r Tpr

* 5OO0F, Q

2
2

~,ooO,OOOlb/hr
I,2OO,OOO 1 b/ hr

-cn

Q,
c

E
3

cn
cn
W
a

a.
0

a
w

3
3
W

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LO-2: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

64
Legend

Diameter

AtTpr=30O0F,
8: Tpr = 300' F, h
C: Tpr =350F, I4 =
D: Tpr = 3 W F , Ejr t
E: Tmr =400F, b =
f

1,200,000 I b l h r
I,O00,0001 b l hr
1,200,000 1 b/hr
I ,OOO,OOO 1 b/ hr
I ,200,000 1 b l hr

= 8.097 inchcr
F: Tpr' 400F, d
G : Tpr = 450" F, M
H: Tpr =450F, fi

= 1,000,000 l b l h r
t

1,200,000 1b l h r

= 1,000,000 I b / h r

J * Tpr g 5OO0F, fh = 1,200,000 lb/hr

K: Tpr =5000F, P = 1,000,000 lb/hr

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LD-3: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Legend

Diameter

At Tpr t300F, &I=

1,200,000 l b l h r
8: Tpr = 300' F, Itr I: I,000,000 1 b/ hr
C: Tpr 350' F, M 1,200,
D: Tpr = 3 W F , &4 = 1,000,
E: TDr O4OO0F, &LI 1,200,000l b / h r

9.063 inches
F' Tpr' 400F, M = 1,000,000 l b / h r

GI Tpr = 45Oa F, &4 8 1,200,000 1b/hr

F, M I,OOO,OOO1b / Rr
F, &l=
1,200,000 1b / hr
K: TPr=5000F, &
=I1,000,000 l b / h r

.
L

cn
c

a
3
cn
u3
W

QT

e
0

a
W
r:
d

I
.
W

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LO-4: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

65

66
Diameter

Legend

A: Tar
8: Tpr
C: Tpr
0: Tpr
r

10.192 inches

300' F
=300'F
= 350' F
~350'F

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

CRhDU I

n-6.T W n PHALLISF W F U W F A O PRFSSLJRE CURVES

30

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LO-6: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Diometer = 12.715 inches

Legend

A: Tpr =300F, h *
B: Tpr 0 300*F, M t
C: Tpr = 3 W F , ti4 =
D: Tpr =3500F, t4 =

1,200,000 1 b/hr
I,aoO,OOO 1 b / hr
1,200,000 1 blhr

1,000,0001 b/hr

68

FZ Tpr= 400F, M = I,OOO,OOO l b / h r

1,200,000 1b /hr
H: Tpr =450F, a i,OOO,OOO l b / h r
3: Tpr = 5OO0F, a 1,200.000 l b / hr

G: Tpr = 4500 F, til

-coa
0,
c

a
3
co
co

3
Q
P

a
W
r
A
A

0
DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.
GRAPH LO-7: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Legend

Oiame ter

15.375 inches

3
tn

cn
a
w

a
0

W'

I.

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH LO-8. TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

69

70

-m

Q:

3
v,

m
W

a
Q

J
J

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HA-I :TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

71
LEGEND

Diameter

A I Tpr= 5OO0F,
B: Tprt 500F,
C* Tpr 55OoF,
02 Tpr m O F ,

&4

300,000l b / h r

200,000 l b / h r
300,000 1b/ hr
200,000 l b / h r

&
lit
&4

7.125 inches
E: Tpr 6OO0F, &!
F: Tpr :600F, fd
0 : Tbr = 650F, M
H ITpr 0 650F, riC

300,000l b / h r

= 200,000 l b / h r

,000 I b / h r
,000 1 b/ hr

-a
v)

a.
c

W
E

3
tn
tn
W

e
Q

a
W

J
I.
W

0
0

1000

2000
DEPTH

3000

4000

5000

OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HA-2: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

6000

72

Q:

cn
cn
W
a
e
P

a
W

J
J

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HA-~:TWO
PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

73
LEGEND
Diameter
A: Tpr* 500F, Ih
300,000 l b l h r
8: Tpr=500F, &l 200,000 l b l h r
C' Tpr' 55OoF, R
300,000 l b l h r
0: Tpt=5SO0F, &4
200,000 l b l h r
f

9.063 inches

E: Tpr = 6OO0F, Id = 300,000 l b / h r

F: Tpr t60O0F, = 200,000 l b l h r
6 : Tpr s65O0F, t4 =
,000 1b / hr
HITpr +650F, M =
,000 1 b/ hr

800

600

a
...
cn
e

Cn 400
rn
w

a
e
P

a
W

I
d

I.

s"
I

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HA-4: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

74

-tn

w
r

cn

m
W

e
0

a
W

I
J

d
W

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HA-5 :TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

75

DEPTH OF T W O PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HA-6: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

76

-v,

Q=

3
v,
v,
W
Q=
Q

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HA-7: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

77
LEGEND

Oiometcr

A I Tpr=500F, k4 t 2 0 0 ,000 lb/hr

8 : Tprz 5OO0F, &! g 3 0 0 ,000 lb/hr
Ct Tpr=550F, f4 = Z O O ,000 1b/hr
0: Tpr'55pF,
g 3 0 0 ,000 lb/hr

= 15.375 inches
El l p r s60O0F, fi=200,000 lb/hr

F: Tpr =60O0F, I4 =300,000 lb/hr

G I Tpr g650F, M t
,000 I b / hr
H I Tpr =6500F,

,0001b/ hr

8
W

n
a
w
I

2600

3000

4600

5600

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HA-8: TWO PHASE WELLHEAO PRESSURE CURVES

66(x)

78

cn

e
c

r:
3

(0.

m
W

a
e

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HB-I :TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

79

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HB-2 :TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HB-3 :TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

81
LEGEND
Diome9cr
At TprC5OO0F, h * 500,000 l b / h r
8' lpr=
50O0F,
= 400,000 l b l h r
C I Tpr* 550F, R =
500,UOO l b / h r

9.063 inches
8

l p r t600F, &I=
500,000 l b / h r

F: lp
=600F,
r P = 400,000 lb/hr
01 lpr +650F, P g
,000I b l h r
,000 1b/ hr

a
cn

e
c

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HB-4:TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

82

Q
0

m
Q
c

cn
v)

a
e
P

a
W
r

.
I
.
I

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH H 6-51TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

a3

a.
v)

e
c

w
Y

rn
v)

K
Q

a
W
r
J

I.

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH H8-6:TWOPHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

DEPTH

OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH He-7 :TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

2000

3000

4doO

5600

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HB8TwO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE

CURVES

86

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HC- I :TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

87

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HC-2:TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

88
LEGEND
A: Tpr= 500F,
8: TprL 5OO0F,
C: Tpr=550F,
0: Tpr = 5500 F,

Diameter

&! * 800,000 l b / h r
kl = 600,000 l b / h r

M = 800,000 l b l h r
&4 t 6 0 0,000 1b/ hr

= 8.097 inches
E: Tpr 600F, M =800,000 l b / h r
F: Tpr z 600F, tA =600,000 l b / h r
0 : Tpr t65O0F, M =
,000l b l h r
H I Tpr =6500F, riC =
,0001b/ hr

600

Q
v,

v)
v)

400

a
e
P

a
W

J
J

s
200

IO00

2000

3000

4000

5000

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH MC-3: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

Sdoo

LEGEND
A I Tpr= 500F,
6: Tpr' 500F,
Ct Tprf 55OoF R
Dt Tpr x 55OOF, );t

800,

R\
\\

Diornater = 9.063 inches

I
: 800.000 l b / h r
8 Tpr =600F, &
=I600,000 l b / h r
= 600,000 l b l h r
F * Tpr =600F, P4 t 600,000 l b / h r
= 800,000 l b / h r
0 : Tpr = 65OoF, liR =
,000I b / h r
600,000 lb/hr
H ITpr =650"F, IJ t
,000 1b/ hr
1

.,

I\ .

a
cn
e

'If

tn
v)

a
e
0

a
w
I

I.

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HG4:TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

90
LEGEND

Diometcr

A: Tpr= 5OO0F, & = 800,000 l b / h r

8: fpr= 500F,
= 600,000 l b / h r
Cg Tpt 55OoF, t4 = 800,000 1b/ hr
f

= 10.192 inches
E: Tpr :6OO0F, h r 800,000 l b / h r

F: Tpr =600F, ?4 = 600,000 l b / h r

6: Tpr =650F, M 0
,000 1b / hr
,000 1b/ hr

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HC-5:TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

LEGEND

biometer

A I TprS0O0F, th 2 800,000 I b / h r
8 : TprC 500F, k = 600,000 I b l h r
i t Tpr=550F, I;( * 800,000 lb/hr
0: Tar=550F,
= 600,00Olb/hr

11.150 .inches
fpr =600F, fi ~ 8 0 0 , 0 0 0
lb/hr
F : Tpr =600F, &=600,000
I
lb/hr
0 : Tpr =650F,M =
,000 I b / hr
H:Tpr =650F,li( =
,000 1 b/ hr

Ea

W
U

cn
cn
W

o[:

e
n

a
W

I
J
J

$!

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HC-6: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

LEGEND

Diorncier

A: Tpr' 500.F. & :800,000l b / h r

8 : Tar= 5OO0F, &
8I600,000 l b / h r
8 0 0,0001b/ hr
0: 6 r f 5 5 0 F ,
t 600pOO l b / h r

= 12.715
E: Tpr
F: Tnr

inches
::6OO0F,

lh = 800,000 l b / h r

600F,
= 600,000 l b / h r
=650F, M =
,0001b I hr
,000 1b/ hr

800

600

-cn
Q

cn 400
cn
w
a
e
0

J
J.

s
200

2000

3000

4000

5000

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HC-7:TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

93

rn
tn
W
a

n
0

DEPTH OF T W O PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HC-8:TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

94

'3
<n
u3
W

a
e
n

a
W

J
J

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HD-l :TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

95

96
LEGEND

800

A I Tprf50O0F, P = 1,200,000
B: Tpr 5OO0F, Q = l,OOO,000
Ca Tpr * 550' F , r;( = 1,2oO,OOO
0: Tpr 590' F , = I,MO,OOO
I

1
1

Diameter

.,,
,

lb/hr
1b/ hr
I b/ ht
1b/ hr

\ .

. I ,

.:

1
.

Tpr

F8

Tpt

SOO*F, rSr =I,200,000Ib/hr

= 6OO0F, Q = I,OOO,OOO

1b/ hr

650 F, M 0 1,200,000 l b /hr

H * Tpr = 6500 F, I4 = 1,000,0001 b/ hr

0 8 Tp,
1

n :

8.097 inches

.I

'

-tna

tn

m
W

e
Q

a
W

A
A

Id00

2000

3000

4600

5000

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HP-3:MO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

97

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HD-4 :TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

a
cn

Q
c

W
K

cn

tn
W

n
0

a
W

x
A
A

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HD-5:TWQ PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

99

t
0

II

-,--+-

Id00

3000
4000
2000
DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

5000

GRAPH HD-6: TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

60-00

100

-m
a

co
W
a
a.
0

w
I
J
J

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

GRAPH HD-7 :TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES

!O 1
LEGEND

Diameter

15.375 inches

-a

u)

TT
3
v,

cn
W
a
e
0

I.

DEPTH OF TWO PHASE ZONE, FT.

U . s GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1982-546-085/3057

GRAPH HD-8 :TWO PHASE WELLHEAD PRESSURE CURVES