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mgqk
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13

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49

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fuf;la l:dj
uug ksoyi w;am;a lr .ekSu ms<sn|j jQ w;suy;a m%d:kdj oYl
.Kkska jhig hk whqre Tn b;d wirKj yQ,aka n,d isk whqre
uu gqfj' uyck ksfhda;fhl= f,i th ug bjiq fkdfokakla
h. ;u ;h fkdj wdorKshhkaf.a ; yd foafmd< w.aks cd,d
ueo iqkqiqKq hk wdldrh n,d fkdisg Bg tfrysj bm;a jQ
ieug;a ud;DN+hg;a ys jQfha mrdch yd ,;e,a, muKs.
je<mSj,ska wvqjla fkdjqKq uf.a;a Tf;a wdorKSh ud;D N+hg
ksoyfia iy idufha wreK`M jefgkafka ljod o hkak ms<sn|j
lsisfjl=g;a kskjla fkd;snqKs. w;sysiqKq ;%ia;jdofhka wfma u
u uqod .ekSf j.lSu uiska Ndr .; hq;=u nj uu oej is;g
.;af;' uf.a tu wIaGdkh Tn f;are .;af;ah' ta n jug mila
jQfha 2005 lsis pls;hlska f;drj Tf ckjru ug ,ndka
fyhsks'
uu ckdm;sOQrfha jqre fok fudfydf;a l mqrjd.;a
fofk;ska l< yo llshjk b,a,Su jQfha wfma uu l=re
;%ia;jdofhka ksoyia lr fok f,igh. uf ksoyi i|yd jk
taldhk wruqK uf.a yojf;a .eUqfrys ;ekam;a lf<a Tf tu
lh' ud,awdre fidfrdj jid ug j;=r fmdola fkd uf.a rf
ckhd iajNdl urKhlg m;a lsug ;%ia;jdka .;a W;aidyh rg
uqojd .ekSf igfka m<uq fj uqrh lr .ekSug ud lghq;= lf<a
tneks.
9
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

2005 Tn ug Ndrka rg ;%ia;jdofhka muKla fkdj wdr:l

wfmalI
a d w;skoa fyn;aj ;snK
q 's /lshdj yd WoaOukh by< w.hla
.;a w;r" h;, myiql b;d j, ugul mej;=Ks' cd;sl
wdodhu my< ugul mej;s w;r .S mam;alu by, ugul
mej;=Ks' wOHdmk" ffjoH fiajd j, fld;r mqrmamdvq ;snqKo rdcH
fiajfha n|jd .ekS iSudlr ;snqKq neka tlS fiajdjka mej;sfha
cd;sl wfmaCIdjka ;nd mqrjeishkaf.a tfkod wjYH;djka bgq
lsug fkdyels wjdikdjka; ;;a;ajhlgh' rdcH Kh m%udKh
cd;sl wdodhu fuka 102] la h' tu ksid Tf ; wdrlaId lsf
j.lSu fukau wd:l yd iudh jYfhka in, .ekaf NdrOQr
j.lSuo ud fj; mejreKs'
2009 Tf;a uf.a wdorKSh ud;DN+h ksoyi yd iduh bmKq
fidre fldfojla njg m;ah. forK isidrd i;=g fodaf
.,kakg mgka .;af;ah. Tn m%S;sfhka Woaoduh ch f>daId k.oa
ud ta foi n,d isfha i;=gq l mqrjd.;a oEisks. msfhl=
ifydaorfhl= {d;sfhl= ys;jf;l=f.a f,ka.;=lks.
2005 ug mejrE j.lSu bgq l,dhehs i;=gq jQ Tn bka miq
uf.ka b,a,kafka f.j;a iudc wd:l ixjOkhla nj uu oek
isfh' 2010 m<uq jrg jvd by< ckjrula Tn ug ,nd kafka
tneks. Tnf.a tu n,dfmdfrd;a;= o iM, lrka .Slu 7] olajd
wvqjqKq talmqoa., wdodhu fvd, 4000 la olajd;a wd:l jOk
f.h 7] lg jvd jefhka wLKav wd:l jOkhla iys; rgla
uu Tng Wodlr kafk'
olaIsK iy lgqkdhl wf.S ud. m%uqLj .u iy k.r hd jk
uyd ud. moaO;shla cd;Hka;r ugfuka b lf<' iEu .%dh
ud.hlau m%;i
s xialrKh lf<' wrdcHjd hq.fha f.dvke.+ lsis
m%;sixialrKhlg ,la fkdjQ md, o ;%ia;jdka iska lvd o oeuQ
md, o we;= iuia; md, moaO;shu w;a lf<' ud.mqr w;a
10
iqrCIs; rgla

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jrdh" ol=Kq fld<U kj jrdh iy .d,a," ;%Sl=Kdu,h" T,a jrdh

we;= jrdh moaO;shla f.dvke.=fj' lgqkdhl .=jkaf;dgqfmd<
uqukskau klrKh l< w;r u;a;, kj cd;Hka;r
.=jkaf;dgqfmd< ksujd wNHka;r .=jkaf;dgqfmd<j,a moaO;shla o
ys lf<'
fl,jrmsh" fkdfrdfpdaf,a iy by< fld;auf,a n,Yla;s
ksYamdokd.dr b lrka ieug ,sh ,nd kafk' fmdf<dkakrej"
;%sl=Kdu,h" .d,a," fld<U w;ska bl< mdkSh k,c, jHdmD;s
u.ska tu m%foaYj, ckhdf.a c, whs;sh iqrlaIs; lf<' wksl=;a
ish ia;%slj, fuu jHdmD;sh imQK lrka ieug c,h ,ndf
jevigyk o uu imQK lr' fudr.ylkao" Wud Th" oere Th"
hdka Th" udre Th uyd mudK jd c,fhdackd l%u u.ska
lDIslufha c, wjYH;dj imQrK lf<'
kQ;k NdId.dr" .Ks;d.dr" oHd.drj,ska iuka; uyskafodaoh
mdi,a 1000 jevigyk u.ska fld<U k.rfha by<u mdif,a
orejkag ,efnk wOHdmk whs;sh wE; msir .f mdif,a orejkag
o ,efnkakg ie,eiaiqfj' <ud ;=re mdi,a ixl,amh yryd uQ,sl
myiqlj;a fkdue;s mdi,a 5000 lg c,h" ,sh ikSmdrlaIl
myiql ,nd kafk' fld<U uyd frdayf,a isg .%dh frday,
olajdu iuia; fi!LH moaO;shu ixjOkh lf<' f Tn uf.ka
wfmalaId fkdl< ;rf tfy;a uu rgg ,nd ka ixjOkfhka
|la muKs'
fo fkd;ld ud;D N+fha ish ;eka j,g ixjOkfha wreK
jegqKs. 2005 gq l fjkqjg iskdfik uqyqK;a rgjeisfhla uu
f.dv ke.=fj' ta iuu ksoyfia foaYmd,kh lrk, jd rd;%S
fkdhj ieirk, hymd,kh yd IK jxpd j,g tfrysj ksoyfia
l;d lrk ,shk lshk mirhla uu ksudKh lf<. 1977 isg
;%ia;jd j,dfjka ie ;snQ ish ud;Dld ksoyfia t<shg taug
11
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

ux mEfh. ta ud;Dldj,g wod< uQ,sl mok" ;SrK yd l%shd mmd

.;a uu Tn iu tla W;=rg m<d;a iNdjla msysgq. m<d;a md,k
ue;sjrK meje;a. fld Nghka mqkre;a;dmkh fldg iudc.;
fldg wj;eka jQjka h<s mx lf<. ;=kaish yegmia ojfiau ;snQ
yis kS;sh bj;a lf<. W.;a mdv fldiu msysgqjd tys ksfoAY
l%shd;aul lf<. wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sixialrKh i|yd
md,sfka;= f;a ldrl iNdjla msysgqjd ish mCIj,g wdrdOkd
lf<. ud n,hg m;a jk g ,laI 7 fkdblaujQ rdcH fiajh ,laI
14 olajd mq,a lf<. ksoyia yd idOdrK ue;sjrK meje;ajQfh.
mqoa.,sl yekqm; ke;sj weu;sjrfhl=gj;a Pkaoh oeh
fkdyelsjk ;rug kS;sh n,j;a lf<. orejka meyerf.k f.dia
<ud fid,aodjka l< hq.h uu ksud lf< /iaf, NdIKfha
ksoyig jegne| ;snQ yis kS;sh ksud lf< m%N+ wdrCIdjg jid ;snQ
ud. jD; lf< mdf ;snQ yuqod fmd,sia ndOl bj;a lf<
wdrCIdjg ;ckhla fkdjk whqka w wdrCIs; l,dm bj;a lf<
tjeks oE ms > ,ehsia;=jla we;s nj Tn kshu f,i okakd ksid
ta .ek ;j;a fkd,sh.
fujeks miqul f;jeks jrg;a Tf ckdm;s f,i lghq;=
lsu i|yd jk ckjru ud b,a,d iskafka ixjOkfha iy
m%cd;ka;%Sh hymd,khfha mmQK;ajh wdorKSh ud;D N+hg
,ndf f;jeks fufyhqu h;a lsf Wodr wruqfKks.

12
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

cd;sl wdrCIdj ms<sn| f.da,Sh wdoYhla

we;euqka fmkajdug W;aidy lrkqfha ;%ia;%jdoh w;S;hg isudjQjla

i" j;udkhg ta yd neKq wkd.; ;ckhla fkdue;s njh'
tfy;a i;Hh th fkdf' fld ixOdkh hqfrdamh yd ngysr rgj,
l=re fnjdoh ysi ordf.k ;ju;a ;u f.dre fidhd fkdksod
ieirk nj uu oks Tjqka fkdlrkafka t<smsg word igka
fkdlsu muKs'
cd;sl wdrCIdj flfrys Wmu wjodkh wm ;nd .; hq;=j we;af;a"
mqmqrkq ,nk tla fndanhlska cd;sfha b .uk h<s wdmiaig
yerh yels neks' tneka" ud;DN+fha cd;sl wdrCIdj ikd: lsu
hkq" wdl yd iudc ixjOkfha wksjdh mQj fldkafoaishla nj
ud ;rfha Yajdi lrkafka tfyhsks' cd;sl wdrCIdj flfrys
fuf;la wLKavj wfma rch ;nd we;s by< wjodkh ;jrg;a
Yla;su;a fldg mj;ajd f.k hEu uu iy;sl lr'
isxy,, fou<, uqia,s, uef,a, n. wd ieug ksoyfia j;aug
yels rgla uu f.dvkd kafk Tn wo fhka Kq yoj;ska"
i;=ka is; mqrjdf.k j;ajk kuq;a fkdksok uu lsis ,dxlSh
mqrjeisfhl=g ckjd.sl;ajh, wd.u, NdIdj fyda wka lsis fNaohla
u; fjkia lr fkdie,lSu iy;sl lrk w;r iudcfha fmd hym;
iy rf cd;sl wdrlaIdj iy;sl lsu Wfoid talSh rdcH m%;sm;a;sh
wLKavj bhg f.khkafk Bg ydkslr lsis b,a,Sulg fyda
n,mEulg bv fkdfo'


uu lsis ,dxlSh mqrjeisfhl=g ckjd.sl;ajh, wd.u,

NdIdj fyda wka lsis fNaohla u; fjkia lr fkdi,lk
nj iy;sl lr'

13
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


talSh rdcHh wdrCId lr.ekSu i|yd wm ieu f.jd we;s

< b;d wlh. tneka iudcfha fmd hym; iy rf
cd;sl wdrlaIdj iy;sl lsu Wfoid talSh rdcH m%;sm;a;sh
wLKavj bhg f.khkafk kej; jrla fnjdohg
fyda rg wia:djr lsug lsisfjl=g;a bv fkd;n'

udkqISh fufyhqug inka rKrejka we;= lsis

,dxlsl mqrjeisfhla ljr cd;Hka;r wlrKhlg fyda
mCIKhlg bm;a fkdlr ysfhka Tjqka iqrls'

udkqISh fufyhqf ,xldf fjfik lsis

mqrjeisfhl=f.a udkj whs;sjdislula lv we;ak rf
mj;sk kS;suh rduqj ;=< foaYSh l%ufohla hgf;a kso
nka hq;=j hqla;sh idOdrKh bgq lsu i|yd wjYH
hdka;%Khla we;s lr

kQ;k wrdcHjdofha hlv im;a;=jg mE.S ta wkqj yqiau

.kska fyda h hka isk ifydaor rdcHhkag wdoYhla
f,i fhdod .; yels foaYmd,k wdoYhla iys; rgla uu
ilia lr

;srir foaY m%;sm;a;sh



f,dalh n, l|jqre follg fn mj;soa;a j bjqr |

je f,dal foaYmd,kh wiu;=<s; fjoa;a wm wdrCId lr
.;a wfma fkdne foia ms<sj; ;sridr f,i bhg f.k
h

;%ia;jdohg tfrysj wm keS iskd g wm iu w;aje,a

ne|.;a ish rgj,a iu fukau ;%ia;jdoh mrdch lsu
jrola fia i<ld wmg o~qj lsug n,d isk rgj,a iu
o ;%YS,S m%;sm;a;hla wkq.ukh lr
14

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


bkahdj" mlsia:dkh m%uqL idla l,dmfha rgj,a iu

in|;d ;jrg;a Yla;su;a lr .ekSug l%shd lr

bkahdj" kh" reishdj iy cmdkh hk l,dmSh ;=rka

iu we;s foaYmd,k" wd:l yd ;dCIKsl in|;d
Yla;su;a lr

ueo fmr. l,dmh ;=< fukau wm%sldkq iy ,;ska

weuldkq rgj,a iu we;s foia in|;d ;jrg;a
jHdma; lr

ol=Kq wdishdf rgj,a w;r by<u kS;sfha wdm;H iys;

iduld rgla f,i f,dal we.hSug ,laj we;s uf.a rg
l,dmSh yd f,dal .egqj, idu ;fhl=f.a ldh i`oyd
fhduq lrj'

wdydr iqrCIs;;djg uq,a;ek

h rgl wdydr iqrCIs;;djh tu rf cd;sl wdrCIdj ;ru
jeo.;ah' ta wka lsisjla ksid fkdj h rglg wjYH wdydr
f;d.h ksis m /ia fldg .=Kd;aulj yd m%udKd;aulj
mj;ajdf.k hdug wfmdfydi;au fyda ys;d u;d Bg ndOd
lsfuka tu rf foaYmd,k ia:djrNdjhg iy cd;sl
wdrlaIdjg n,mE lsug wka rgj,g yels jk neks' tneka
,dxlSh ck;djg h<s;a oKska jefgkakg uu lsis bvla
fkd;n'


rf wjYH;djg .e<fmk whqka m%udKj;a wdydr

ksIamdokhg" wf<hg iy f;d. /iafldg mj;ajdf.k
hdug wjYH kS;suh rduqjla ilia lrkq msKsi wdydr
iqrCIs;;d mk;la md,sfka;=jg bm;a lr'
15

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


rf iy,a ksIamdokh by< ugulska mj;ajdf.k hk

w;r tod mgka wfma foaYSh wdydr jk O j.fha OdkH
iy fldia" fo,a" w," n;, hkd im%odhsl j.dj
m%jOkh lrj'

m%;sixialrKh lrk iEu jejla wdY%s;ju c,fmdaIs;

m%foaYj, fldia" fo,a jeks foaYSh wdydr Ydl j.d lsf
jevigykla l%shd;aul lr'

rch iska , .kakd m%udKh cd;sl wiajekafkka 10]

olajd jelr tu f;d. l=vd iy uOHu mudK fuda,a
i|yd ksl=;a lsug lghq;= lr'

16
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

2 mq,a foaYmd,k m%;sixialrKhla

- w;a foaYmd,k ixialD;shla
1978 ksis ixjdohlska f;drj wm u; megjQ jHjia:dfjka jir ;sia
yhla mqrd wms neg lEfjuq' tfukau tlsfklg fkd.e<fmk
ixfYdaOk me,eia;r u.ska mj;sk jHjia:dj lD;s yevhla f.k
we;ehs uu o ms<s.kak' tneka ;j ;j;a me,eia;r tl;= lsu
fjkqjg ck;d me;= ms<sUq flfrk kj jHjia:djla jirla
we;=<; iu; lsug wjYH lghq;= lr'


ck;d wfmalaIdjka ykdf.k kj jHjia:dj ksudKh

lsu i`oyd ishu foaYmd,k mlaIj,g wh;a uyck
ksfhda;hskaf.ka iuka; iuia; md,sfka;=ju
jHjia:d imdol uKav,hla njg m;a jkq we;'

w;a jHjia:djg mqrjeis woyia yd fhdackd ,nd .ekSu

i|yd md,sfka;=j ksfhdackh fkdlrk foaYmd,k mlaI"
fhdjqka md,sfka;=f ksfhda;hska" wdKavql%u Ydrohska"
oaj;=ka yd jD;a;Shfkaf.ka iuka; mqrjeis WmfoaYl
iNdjla m;a lr'

jHjia:d flgqm; mj;sk jHjia:df Odkj,g wkqj

iu; lr .ekSu i|yd md,sfka;=jg bm;a lr'
fojkqj fuu flgqm; Tf wkque;sh i`oyd cku;
pdrKhlg bm;a lr'

mj;sk Odhl ckdm;s l%uh" ue;sjrK l%uh" kS;sfha

wdm;H" iy hymd,kh jeks fCIa;% ish,a,u kj
jHjia:dfjka wdjrKh lr'

17
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


Odhl ckdm;s OQrfha fyd`o krl ms<sno isjk jdohg

uu idjodkj ijka kafk' ta wkqj md,sfka;= l%ufha
mj;sk j,;d neyer lrkao hym;a ,laIK Wlyd
.kskao Odhl ckdm;s l%uh jHjia:d imdol
uKav,fha ;SrKh wkqj iqiq m ixfYdaOkh lr'

mj;sk ukdm l%ufha we;s whym;a ,CIKh bj;a fldg

ia:djr wdKavqjla" iu;a mCIhla" iq ck lKavdh
we;= iudcfha O;ajh ue;s inh ksfhdackh u hk
wruqKq <`.d lr .ekSu ioyd iudkqmd;sl ksfhdackh yd
fldGdY l%uh uqiq l< kj ue;sjrK l%uhla ykajd fo'

uyck ksfhda;hska ck;dj iu`. wLKav ixjdohl ksr;

h hq;= nj uu Yajdi lr' tfukau kS;s imdok
l%shdj,shg ck;d woyia iDcqj ,nd .ekSfuka
m%cd;ka;%jdoh jv jvd;a hym;a jkq we;' ta ioyd uyd
ix>r;akh yd wksl=;a wd.l mQcljreka" jD;a;ShfoSka"
oaj;=ka" fhdjqka md,sfka;= ksfhda;hska" jD;a;Sh i;s
ksfhda;hska iy m%cd uQ, ixOdkhkays cd;sl kdhlhskao
iuka; mqrjeishkaf.a iNdjla m;a lsug fhdackd lr'

uyck ksfhda; wdh;kj, ldka;d ksfhdackh by<

kexu ioyd wjYH jHjia:dms; Odk kj jHjia:djg
tla lsug fhdackd lr'

ixjOk l%shdj,sh m%idrKh u;a iu`. hy md,kh

ms<snoj kj udkhlska i,ld ne,Sug wmg is we;'
tuksid hymd,kh <`.d lr .ekSf wruqKska msysgqjd we;s
wdh;k j, mj;sk n,;d wOHkh lr tu wdh;k
m%;sixialrKh lsug ld,h t<U we;ehs uu is;'
tneka ;dlaIKh" l<ukdlrKh iy uQ,H .Kk
18

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

yelshdfjka hq;a cd;sl .Kk fldiula ia:dms; lr'

iajdkj ish uYk isl< yels whqka wjYH uQ,H iy
udkj im;a fukau n,;,o tu fldiug ,nd
fokafk'


foaYmd,{hskaf.a meje;au ms<sno iudcfha l:sldjla u;=

we;s neka iEu uyck ksfhda;fhl=u ish ;k;=f
rdcld werug fmr hy meje;au iq/lSu ms<sno m%;s{djla
,nd ug Odk i,iaj' tlS m%;s{dj OQr ld,h ;=<
wdrlaId lrkafkao keoao hkak ms<sno iqmlaIdjg ,la
lsf n,h .Kk fldiug ,nd fokafk'

lek uKav,fha iduQysl j.lSu iy ryiHNdjh

wdrlaId lsu jHjia:duh j.lSula njg m;a lr'

cd;sl jkdlula iys; fhdackd ms<sno woyia oelaug

;reK mrmqrg we;s whs;sh iy;sl lsu ioyd tjeks
fhdackd md,sfka;=jg bosm;a lsug fmr fhdjqka
md,sfka;=jg bm;a lr Tjqkaf.a u;h ui'

wkd.; foaYmd,kh ms<sno m%d:kd o,ajd .;a fhdjqka

md,sfka;= iudlhskago m,sfka;=f WmfoaYl ldrl
iNd j,g ksfhda;hska m;a lsug jHjia:duh wjldYhla
,nd fo'

bka-Y%S ,xld odYksl Wreuh iys; hymd,k jevms<f

s j,la
hy md,kh hkq kj ,snr,a hg;a ;jdofha jHdc YslaId mohla
fkdf' tys ienE uQ,Ou mok we;af;a .yfld< i;d iSmd
muKla fkdj br y|" wj jeiai" iq<" c,h" uyfmd<j hkd
ish,a, yd neKq bka ,xld odrYksl Wreuh u; hehs uu Yajdi
19
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

lr' tneka hymd,k uQ,Ou ud Wmqgd .kafka kj ,snr,ajdofha

wkqYdil ixOdk fyda wkqldrl ixOdkj,ska fkdj l,ajeis jisk"
fl;a j;= idr iudch iuDoau;a jk" fidndoyu iy YS,dpdr
ksia iudch tlsfklg ne| ;nk fya;=M,jd ft;sydisl Wreuhka
iys; bka Y%S ,xld oeye rdcH md,khka ;=<sks' jir 5"000 la muK
merKs tu Wreuh fkdkeiS Yah i;a;djla njg m;aj wo o wm
kshdukh lrkq we;ehs uf.a yeSuhs' mqoa., flakaShj kS;sh muKla
u; fkdkej;S Oufha wdm;H olajd by<g Tijd we;s tu
hymd,k uQ,Ouj, ienE Wreulrefjda Y%S ,dxlsl wms fjuq' uu;a"
Tn;a ta Wreufha idvnr whs;slrejkah' tlS Wreuh u; wfma ud;D
N+hg wjeis ienE hymd,k l%uhla ia:dmkh lsug uu Tng
iy;sl jkafk'

idx.l m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd m%cd wdKavqlrKh

f rf Tn;a" uu;a ;ks yqfol,d ksiqka fkdf' jir oyia
.Kkl b;sydih ;=< wfma uq;=ka ;a;ka j;a jQfha iduQysljh'
idx.ljh' /ljrKh" iqrlaIs;;djh" fmdaIKh" fkdaoh yd
wOHd;al meje;au tlsfkld u; tlsfkld ne| ;nk iqkaor jQ;a
nridr jQ;a ixialD;shla wm i;=j mej;s ksidh' mjq," m%cdj" .u"
m%foaYh" k.rh f ish,a, tlu oje,l mqrela fia wog;a hd
we;af;a ta ksidh' .u ;=< k.rh;a" k.rh ;=< .u;a wm gq isyskla
jqj o th wo wm w;ak h:d:hla njg m;a ;sf' tlsfkld
iafPdfjka neKq l=vd" wkq l=vd m%cd ixOdk" iud. uf.a rf
m%cd ;h iudc foaYmd,k jYfhka il%Sh fldg we;' f,dalfha
wka ljr rglg;a jvd iduQysl ixOdk.; ck;djla f rf j;a
jk nj ud lshkafka Bg wjYH mirh ilid ka wfhl= f,i
ksy;udkSjh' rf wd.l wdh;k;a is,a iudc ixOdk;a"
wfkl=;a ish m%cd ixOdk;a" rdcH ixOdk;a taldnoaO jQ
jevigyka u.ska .f;a" k.rfha;a idx.l m%cd;ka;%jdofha wkqyi
20
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

n,.ekau i|yd uu lghq;= lr' ta i|yd wd.l ixOdk" m%cd

yd .%dh ugf m%cduQ, ixOdk" m%cduQ, wdh;k" is,a iudc
wdh;k" rdcH ixOdk kdhlhska ks,Odka yd l%shdldka tlg
tl;= msysgqjd .; yels .%duks,Od ji ugf .%du iNd l%uhla
i|yd wjYH jHjia:duh ffk;sl yd mmd,k mirhla ieliSug
ud lghq;= lr' ta i|yd jk mfhaIK yd lshjQ jevigyka
oekgu;a wjidk fldg we;' ta oekqu yd wjfndaOh u; idx.l
whs;sh ;yjqre fldg" .%du iNd ugf ixjOk iudc yd
ixialD;sl ;Ska ;SrK .ekSf;a" l%shdjg ke.Sf;a ck;d wjldY
we;s lr'
md,sfka;=" m<d;a iNd iy m%dfoaYSh wdKavq u; mok jQ ksfhda;
m%cd;ka;%Sh l%shdud. ;yjqre lsfuka fkdkej;S m%cd yd .%dh
ugf ;SrK .ekSu ioyd Rcq m%cd;dka;%Sh iy iyNd.s;aj
m%cd;dka;%Sh l%ufo wkq.ukh lsu .kaj' tu.ska uf.a rf
ifydaor ck;dj m%cd;dka;%Sh hymd,k l%shdj,sfha ftkaSh
fldgialrejka fldg" furg foaYmd,k ixialD;sh idj ugf;a"
CIq ugf;a by<g Tijd ;eug Odk i,iaj' m%cd uQ, yd
idx.l cd,h taldnoaO fldg idx.l cd;sl ixiohla msysgqjd rf
m%;sm;a;s imdokfha wkqYdil jHqyhla njg m;a lr'

NdIKfha ksoyihs' ksoyia udOHhhs'

NdIKfha ksoyi uQ,sl whs;sjdislula f,i fYaI;ajfhka ms<s.kakd
m%cd;ka;%jd iudchl j;ajk wms udOH wdh;kj, iajdk
meje;au yeu gu wdrlaId lruq' tfukau iudcfha ishu
idudlhkaf.a NdIKfha whs;sh olajd udOHfha ksoyi uu yeu gu
wdrlaId lf<' tfyhska ckudOH lafIa;%fha ksoyia yd iajdk
meje;au ;jrg;a wdrlaId lsug lem fj' udOHfha uQ,sl
ldhNdrh yq ikaksfok inkaO;djkaf.ka Tng hka th
21
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

cd;sl ixjOk iydhlfhl= njg m;au nj uu Yajdi lr' wo

wm j;ajk fuu g,a hq.h ;=< uqs; udOH" .=jka,s udOH"
oHq;a udOH yd fj udOH l%shdld;ajh rf ixjOkhg;a"
m%cd;ka;%jdofha meje;aug;a" w;HjYH idOlhla nj Tn fydka
okakjd we;'


idm%odhslj meje; tk uqs;" .=jka ,s yd rEmjdyskS

lafIa;% w;r ;dlaIKsl mqyqKq i|yd fYaI
jevms<sfj,la ykajd fokafk'

ckudOHfhd jD;Shffhl= njg m;alsu ioyd wjYH

jevigykla l%shd;aul lr'

ish wdldrfhau udOHfka oekqfuka yd jD;a;Sh

mqyqKqfjka in, .ekau i|yd ckudOH YajoHd, oHd
wdh;khla msysgqj'

ckudOHfka i`oyd fld<U k.rh wdikakfha fjku

ksjdi ixlSKhla blr fokafk.

ckudOH hkq yq fj<|fmd< l%shdj,shla fkdj cd;sl

wNs,dY flakaShj l%shd;aul h hq;= cd;sl j.lSula iys;
fCIa;%hla neka ta i|yd jQ ckudOH ixialD;shla f.dv
ke.Sug lghq;= lr'

22
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

3 iodpdr imkak iudchla

rgla fN!;sl ixjOkh ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ch.%yK .=ld,Skj
wdrlaId lr.; yelafla tu l%shdj,sh iodpdr imkak iudchla
f.dvke.Sf l%shdj,sh iu ksis f,i uqiq lr.;fyd;a muKla nj
uu ;rfha Yajdi lr' wm f,dalfha merKsu YsIaGdpdr lsysmhlska
tllg wh;ajk cd;shls' ta ms<sn|j jk wdvnrh wm rf isxy,"
fou<" uqia,s uyd cd;shgu wh;a fjhs' tu ksid wm cd;shla f,i
,ndf.k we;s uyd ch.%yK wm iska ;yjqre lr.; hq;af;a wmf.a
tu wiuiu YsIaGdpdrfha Wreuh u; fomd ;ndf.kh' cd;sfha
wLKav hqKqj yd jOkh muKla fkdj cd;sl iu.sh iy
tald.%;djho r|d mj;skafka wmf.a tu YsIaGdpdr.; Wreuhkag
mKug wm fldf;la iu;ajkjd o hkak u; nj uu oks' tu
Wreuhkag mKu hkq wka lsisjla fkdj ft;sydislj wm i;= jQ
iodpdr imkak iudch kej; f.dvke.Suhs'

wd.l ixjOkh


inqoaO Ydikh m%Odk lr wfkl=;a ish wd.l

ixia:djka fmdaIKh lsu i|yd mQK rdcH wkq.%yh ,nd
fokafk'

ishu wd.l ixia:djkaf.a fft;sydisl im%odhka iy

l;sldjka wkqj tajdfha hqKqj ;yjqre lsu iyd wjYH
kS;suh rduq wd.l kdhlhskaf.a Wmfoia m ilia lr'

inqoaO idikfha hqKqj i|yd idlPdjg nka we;s

kj ydr. foajd, mk; we;= ish wk mk;a lkka
idlPdjg ,la fldg iu; lsug lghq;= lr'

23
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


Y%S ,xldf wjqre 2300 la ;r fjk fn!oaO ixialD;sfha

m%Odk;u me;sudkhla jQ fn!oaO fmd; m; iy f,aLK
Ydiksl Wkak;sh iy nqouyu .ek Wkkajk
foaYslhkag fukau fjk;a wd.lhkag o myrKh
msKsi wkd.;hg odhdo lr u i|yd kQ;k ;;a;ajhkag
.e<fmk f,i iqrCId lsu i|yd cd;sl fn!oaO
mqia;ld,hla wkqrOmqrfha ia:dmkh lr'

mdi,a wY%s;j orejkaf.a iodpdr jOkh uq,alr.;a cd;sl

jHdmdrhla wdrN lr' tu jHdmdrh m%udKd;aul
jYfhka fukau .=Kd;aulj Wiia ugka Bg iEu
mdi,lu orejka woyk wd.u uq,alr .kska ysh hq;=
nj uu ;rfha Yajdi lr' uu tu jHdmdrhg b;d i;=ka
kdhl;ajh ug leue;af;'

<ud iy ldka;d ysxikhg ;s;



orejka wmfhdackfhka yd ysxikfhka uqod .ekSu i|yd

wjYH oe kS;s moaO;shla oKav kS;s ix.%hg tla lr'

iEu wdldrfhau ldka;d ysxikhk je,elau i|yd ysxik

frda iy ka; /ljrK kj mk;la bm;a lr.

orejkag fyda ldka;djkag tfrysj isjk ysyer ms<sn|j

oekajQ iekska l%shd;aulu i|yd fjku cx.u fmd,sia
n,weKshla ia:dmkh lr'

iEu .ulu <ud iy ldka;d /ljrK lgqjla msysgqj.

wkjYH orejka Wmf;au urd oeu je<elau i|yd tjeks

orejka ujf.a wkkH;dj fy<s fkdjk m m<d;a <ud yd
mjdi uOHia:dkj,g Ndrug yels kj l%ufohla
ykajd fokafk'
24

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


ksjfia fyda mdif,a orejka myrlEug" mSvdjg yd

wmfhdackhg ,lau je<elau iyd foumshka .=rejreka
yd isiq isiqhkaf.ka ie,;a <ud iqrel= mjqr
jevigyk ykajd fokafk

ish rcfha wdh;kj,;a" m%dfoaYsh f,al ldhd,j,g;a

ufkda iudh WmfoaYljreka m;alsug fhdackd lr'

orejkag wys;lr T!IO j. w,lrK T!IO wf,i,a

yshkag yd tajdfha fiajh lrkakkag yd iudc frda
l%shdjkag" orejka fmd<Ujkakkag tfrysj oe ovqj
meKu i|yd wjYHh kS;suh m%;smdok Yla;su;a lr'

md;d,hg iy u;a l=vq Wjrg i|ygu kej;=u

md;d, kdhlhskag iduodk ksYapldrlj,g iy lD;Hdld
uKav,j,g m;a l< ld,hg ;s; ;nd uu ta md;d,h iy l=vq
wrdcHh oe uOkhlg ,la lf<' md;d, l=vqldrhka,
lmamldrhka we;= iEu wmrdO l,a,shlau imQKfhkau uokh
lr Y%S ,xldf wmrdO ixialD;sh keue;s fmdf;a wjika msgqj
,shkafk'


u;ajH cdjdr iy uyd mudK wmrdO je<elau i|yd

hqoyuqod iyh iys; fYaI wdrCIl n, weKshla msysgqjk
w;r tu jer Nd. lr lkka jerlrejkag o`vqj
,ndu i|yd fYaI wmrdO wlrKhla msysgqj

wfma f.dvfuys fukau uy uqyqfoys;a u;ajH cdjdrug

inkaO lsis l%shdjlg bv fkd,efnk m u;ajH
kdYl kdjql n,ldhla f.dv k.'

25
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


u;ajH furgg f.kau;a furg yryd fnodyeu

je<elaug;a fmd,Sish fmd,sia u;ajH kdYl wxYh" f.=
fomd;fka;=j iy wod< wfkl=;a wxYj, ks,Odkag
wjYH myiql yd im;a fkdwvqj ,nd fokafk'

i;d iSmdjdg o fifkyfia /ljrK

wms fhys jegqKq l=yqUqjd mjd wes,af,ka bj;a lrk fifkfyjka;
cd;shla fjuq. fifkyi wfma cd;sl;ajfha ixfla;hhs. ksoyfia
ieirk iqkLfhl=g mjd ysyer fkdlrk wfma i;aj lreKdj
Wiia nj uu oks. tneka ksiqkag muKla fkdj i;d iSmdjdg
mjd olajk fifkyfia /ljrKh ;jrg;a mq,a lrk i;aj
lreKd jevigykla l%shd;aul lr'


uyu`. oud hk megjqka we;= iqkLhka iqrCIs;j /ln,d

.kakd uOHia:dk wdrN lsug i;aj lreKd
ixOdkj,g wdrdOkd lr. ta i|yd wjYH ia:dk iy
wdOdr rcfhka ,nd fokafk'

wLKavj i;=kag wdorh lreKdj olajk mqoa.,hka

we.hSf jevigykla l%shd;aul lr'

26
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

4 rgg jevlrk cd;sysff;Is rdcH fiajhla

klg remsh,a oyhl jegqma je lsula b,a,d jckh l< jevlrk
mx;sh meh isy;frka f.or hejQ iy rcfha fiajh lmamdlr Y%du
jegqm wys lsug fjr oerE w;S;h Tf u;lfha we;ehs uu is;'
Wmdh ud.sl rdcH jHjidhka kdY lf<a o jeo.;a rdcH ixia:d
l=Kq fld,a,hg l=Kd oeuqf o Tjqkah' ta ish,a, lsu i|yd Tjqka
n,h ,nd .;af;a jpkj,g muKla iSud jQ uyd mudK jegqma je
lsf fmdfrdka ,nd fuka nj Tng fydka u;l we;s nj uu
oks' fm!oa.,SlrKh lsu i|yd ck;dlrKh jeks jpk Nd;d
l< Tjqka ;ufilalrKh .ek l:d lrka h<s W;aidy lrkafka
rdcH fiajh uqukskau h lr yef ;u iejqKq kHdh m;%h
l%shd;aul lsug nj Tng wuq;=fjka lsjhq;= ke;s nj uu oks'
tneka rdcH whs;sh ;yjqre lrka rdcH fiajh ;j rg;a n,
.kajd jdIsl jegqma jOl ,nd foka wm f.kshk jevms<sfj<
lsisfia;a fjkia fkdlrk nj uu Tng iy;sl jkafk' Y%du
jegqma whs;sh" w:idol wruqo,a whs;sh jeks rdcH fiajlhdg ys
ish jrm%ido ;j ;j;a Yla;su;a lr rdcH fiajlhd f.!rjkSh
mqrjeisfhl= lrkakg uu wemlem isk nj m%ldY lr'


wkjYH uey;a yd iSudlsj,ska f;drj iajdkj ;u

fiajh bgq lsug yels jk m kj fiajd wdpdr Ou
moaO;shla rdcH fiajhg ykajd fokafk.

ksis jegqma;,hka yd udKav,sl ;k;=re i|yd m%fY h

yels l%ufohla iys; fiajd jHjia:djla WmdOdka iy
ixjOk ks,Odka i|yd ilia lr'

l<ukdlrK iyldr yd iudka;r fYa%Ksj, fiajh lrk

WmdOdka fkdjk ks,Odka i|yd ,xld ixjOk
27

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

mmd,k wdh;kh iu taldnoaOj Wmd ,nd.ekSf

l%ufohla ilia lr'


;dCIKsl yd oHd;aul fiajdjkays jOkh i|yd tlS

fiajdjkaj,g nef|k ks,Odka we.hSug ,la lrk
l%ufohka l%shd;aul lr'

rcfha fiajlhska i|yd ;ukaf.au ksjdil whs;sh iy;sl

lrk kj ksjdi fhdackd l%uhla ykajd fokafk'

foam<l iar whs;sh wfmalaId fkdlrk kd.rdY%s;hkays

/lshdlrk whf.a l=,S ksjdi b,au je we;s ksidu
ksjdij, l=<sh idudkH ckhdg ord.ekSug fkdyels ;r
by< f.dia we;s nj uu oks' tneka rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl
hk fohxYfhau wdfhdackh odhl;ajfhka Wmk.r wdY%S;j
l=,S uy,a ksjdi moaO;s l%uhla ykajd fokafk'

;u fiajlhkaf.a kjd;eka myiqjg Wmldr lsug leu;s

fm!oa.,sl iud. iy jHdmdlhkag o fuu jevigyk
wdfhdack odhl;ajh iemhSfuka ;ukag wjYH ksjdi
m%udKh wdrNfhau fjkalrjd .ekSug bv i,i'

ck;djg isjk mmd,kfha w;miq ms<n

s |j fidhd n,d
ldHlaIu fiajdjla ,nd u ioyd uey;a ug mmd,k
hqla;sm;sfhl= m;a lr'

kS;sfoSkag iy fkd;diajrekag we;s Tmamq ,Sf whs;sh

iy;sl jk wdldrhg f,aLK ,shdmosx lsf mk;
ixfYdaOkh lr'

28
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

wNsudkj;a yuqodjla iy f.!rjdka; fmd,Sishla

frdaOdr ;%sO yuqodjla fukau wNS; fmd,Sishla iy is,a wdrCIl
n,ldhla fkdjkakg Tng;a ug;a wo rgla fkdue;s nj uu lsisod
wu;l fkdlr. rdcHh;a" rgjeishd;a wdrlaId l< ;%sO yuqod"
fmd,sia yd is,a wdrlaIl n,ldh tod fuka ieuod Yla;su;a fldg
in, .kaj'


ldhCIu;dj iy wmrdO mCIK yelshdj w;ska wfma

fmd,Sish f,dalfha ljr fmd,Sishlgj;a fkdfofjks nj
miq.sh iufha lrk ,o wmrdO uYk u.ska ukdj
Tmamq lr we;' tneka wmrdO uYk ;jrg;a oHd;aul
yd myiqlrKh lsu i|yd kk WmlrK, ;dCIKsl
myiql mqyqKq iy m%K udkj im;a ,nd fokafk'

fjk;a rgj, fuka hqoaOh fyda m%n, yuqod fufyhq ksud

fuka miq is lrkafka Yd, jYfhka yuqod Nghka bj;a
lsuh' ;k;=re j,ska my; fy,Suh' tfy;a miq.sh yj
jir mqrdu tn lsisjla uu fkdlf,' bhg;a lsis
yuqodjl ia:r fiajfhka hq;= finka" w;sfl n, yuqod"
iafPd Nghka fyda is,a wdrlaIl fiajd n,ldhka bj;a
fkdlr'

lsis yuqod ks,Odfhla fyda finf,la Tjqka orK ;k;=re

j,ska bj;a fkdlr'

wdnd;Ndjhg m;ajqkq ish finka Tjqkaf.a cS; ld,h

mqrd Tjqkg ys ish jrm%ido ,nd foka /l n,d
.kafk'

29
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


Y%dl yuqod finkg /lshd wjia:d ,nd .ekSu ioyd

wjYH u fmka lrk w;r Tjqkg ys ffjoH myiql"
fl uOHia:dk wd myiql ;j rg;a jOkh lr'

fmd,Sisfha iajdk;ajh wdrCId lr .kska rdcldh

bgqlsrSf Tjqkg wjYH kjd;eka" jdyk yd wfkl=;a
myiql fkdwvqj iemhSug lghq;= lr

yuqodjkag" fmd,Sishg yd is,a wdrCI n,ldh we;=

ishu rcfha fiajhhkag wjxlj yd ;Dma;su;aj lr
f.khdu myiq lsu i|yd Tjqkaf.a fm!oa.,sl .eg mjd
;ks ;ks jYfhka ykdf.k Wmldr lsf kj WmfoaYk
l%ufohla ykajd fokafk.

wO rdcH wdh;k" nexl= iy fm!oa.,sl wxYh

rf wd:l ixjOkh Wfoid fuu wxYfhka ,nd fok odhl;ajh
uu lsisgl ,>q fldg fkdi,l.


fiajl w:idOl wruqo, iqrCIs; lrk w;r ta i|yd

Tjqkaf.a whs;sh ljr lreKla ksid fyda wys fkdlr.

fm!oa.,sl wxYh i|yd Yla;su;a fi!LH rCIK l%uhla

,nd ug lghq;= lr'

kej; l%shd;aul lrk ,o nexl= Y%du jegqma whs;sh

fuf;la tu whs;sh fkd,o nexl=j, fiajlhka i|yd fuu
jif ckjd udifha isg j,x.= jk m ,nd fokafk'

w:idOl wruqo,aj, whs;shg wu;rj fm!oa.,sl wxYhg

o tu wdoYh wkqj hka leue;af;ka we;=<;a h yels
wdlIh Y%du jegqma l%uhla uu fhdackd lr'
30

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

foaY fiajd kshqla;slhka



> ld,hla foaY rgj, fiajh lr ,xldf ia:r

mxh
i|yd mefKkka i|yd n iyk jdyk n,m;%hla ,nd
fokafk'

foaYhkays fiajfha fh ish iodld,sl wdnd;j

,xldjg meKs whg foaYfiajd kshqla;s ldhdxYh u.ska
udisl iyk uqo,la f.ug i,iaj'

rgre jevigyk yryd foaY.;jk ieuf.a ksjdi

isyskh ienE lr u i|yd Tjqkg ksji blr f ldhh
bgq lroSf jevigyk Yla;su;a lr'

foaY .;j fiajh lrkakkag foaYSh ue;sjrKj, Pkaoh

f whs;sh ,nd fokafk'

foaY /lshd ldrhdxYfha ,shdmx jir yhlg jvd

jeld,hla foaY rgj, fiajh lr mefKkakkag Y%du
jegqma l%uhla f jif ykajd fokafk'

foaY /lshdj, fh isk .Dy fialdjkaf.a mjq,aj,

iqnidOkh i|yd m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdY ugka
u;a WmfoaYk fiajdjla wdrN lr'

31
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

5 fmdfydi;a rgla
n; nq,;ska irej ;snQ Y%S ,xld oamh ngysr wdl%uKhg k;=jQodu
mydKsfha oajdrh jr lr .;af;ah' 1948 wm ksoyi ,nk g wm
i;=j mej;s iajhxfmdaIs; wd:lh" hymd,k rdcH l%uh" Wiia
im%odhdkql+, Ys,amSh oekqu iy fmdfydi;a iudc ixialD;sh
uqukskau | jegqKs'
ksoyiska miq ysjQ wdKavq o wmg jr lf<a merKs mdfu hk
mrdk wd:l m%fY ud.hls' wfma wdKavq ld,j, mjd bka ug
wm.;a W;aiyhka imQKfhkau id:l lr .; fkdyels jQ nj
uu ksy;udkSj ms<s.ks'
1977 wdrN jQ jD; wd:lh u.ska rf fodr.= f,dalhgu
jD; u;a iu l fofkla w;sYhska fmdfydi;a nyq;rh
mam;=kaf.a f.dvg weo jefuka iudc wiudk;dj wyi fmd<j
;r ria h' 1987 ;reK ke.su" W;=f ikakoaO ke.s wd
ish,a,u fulS wiudk;dj iska wfma iudc wd:l foayhg
n,y;aldrfhka ldjoaokq ,enQ Nhdkl frda.S;ajhkaf.a i<l=Kqh'
2005 uf.a wNsfhda.h rgg iduh Wod lsu h' 2010 rg
fhdaO ixjOk m%fY ud.hlg f.khduh' oeka wmg wjYH
we;af;a idufha isis,i N=la;s k ck;djg we;s ke;s mr;r fLdj
uld oud ixjOkfha m%;,
s dN f.k hdfuka ish fokdu fmdfydi;a
lrk .uk wdrN lrkakgh' f lshk fmdfydi;alu fldfyka
flfia fyda fidhd .kakd i,a,sj,ska idlal= mqrjd .kakd
i,a,sldrlula fkdf' oeyej Wmhk uqo,ska w;g ire lr .kakd
ukqiailfuka yoj; mqrjd .kakd fmdfydi;aluls'
we;s wh ke;s wh foi wj{dfjka n,k" ke;s wh we;s wh .ek
oafYfhka is;k iudc udjf;a oeka wd r fyd|gu m%udKj;ah'
32
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

n;la fkdbfok ksjila hkq w;S; u;l fl!;=ld.drfha is;=,a,la

muKla jkq we;' kamiq wfma rf mej;sh hq;af;aa fmdfydi;a
mqrjeishka w;r fjkial kd mam;a iy fmdfydi;a
wiudk;djhla fkdh hq;=h' ;uka .ek muKla fjfyfik
is;=,a, fjkqjg iudh yeSfuka hq;a fmd iudch .ek yeSfuka
hq;a fm%!v Y%S ,dxlsl;ajh fjkqfjka fjfyiS jevlr tys wd:l m,
fk<d .kakd kQ;k Y%S ,dxlslfhl= uu ksudKh lr'
2010 " uu Tng fmdfrdka jQfha 2016 jk g wfma rf tal
mqoa., wdodhu we'fvd' 4"000 la njg m;a lsugh' ud ka tu
fmdfrdkaj" 2015 u bIag lrkakg ug bv ,eu .ek uu
ksy;udkSj wdvnr jkafk' tf,i" 2020 jk g wd:sl ixjOk
f.h wLKavj 7] lg jvd je f.hlska mj;ajdf.k hka" rf
tal mqoa., wdodhu we'fvd' 7"500 la ke;ak remsh,a oY ,laIhlg
jvd by, ugulg m;a lrkakg uu lghq;= lr' tu.ska ,shk
20 ck;djla fmdfydi;=ka njg m;a lr'

mir ys;ld ;dlaIKsl lDIs m%fYhla

uf.a mshd f.dfhls' Tyqf.a mshd;a f.dfhls' ud f;dard.;a fl;
Tjqka j.d l< l=Uqrg jvd uv f.dfydka ms ;snqK o uu th
wiajeoafj' wo Tn N=la;s kafka ud fk tys wiajekakhs' tfy;a
l=Uqf, flf;a, kshf uv iqj| uu fydka yk' nKa f.dhu
lsjkd fl;ahdh msi yukd iq< ;r ug lsis;a ys ke;'
tneka f.d;ek todfuka wo;a" fyg;a wfma wd:lfha jkd,sh
nj uu Yajdi lr'
y; ma,jh u.ska ykajd we;s c j." ridhksl fmdfydr
iy lDIs ridhkj,ska f;drj fkdjefjk ksid wfma j, ukqIH
mfNdackhg kqiqiq I ridhk rys; lDIslufha l%udKql+,j iy
33
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

idOkSh jOkhla ;=<ska mir ys;ld lDIsludka;hla f.dvk.d

.ekSf kj m%fYhlg rg fhduq lr' j.djg u" ksis l,g j;=r"
me< f.dhug fmdfydr" wiajekak fkE g ksis ,la we;s
fj<|fmd<la we;ak l=Uqf ish;a iEu f.dfhl=u rcl= jk nj
uu oks'

j.djg bv


ksis m Nd;hg fkd.kakd bv wdydr ksIm

a dokh i|yd
fhdod .ekSu msKsi ck;djg ,ndu i|yd bv ms<sn|
md,sfka;= ldrl iNdf ksfoaY l%shdjg kxj'

tjeks bv ykd f.k ,shdmx lsu i|yd;a bv

wfmaCId lrkakka ,shdmx lsu i|yd;a bv nexl=jla
msysgqj' tlS bv l=vd iy uOHu mudK jHjidhkg n
moku hgf;a ,nd fokafk'

.yfld<g i;d iSmdjdg hjr

c,h wfma uf mQckSh;ajhhs' uqKs ismd myi ,o iuk<
lkafoka mek ke rf isfldK .,d hk uyje,s, l, le<Ks,
j,f hk .x.d tu mQckSh;ajfha i ixfla;hkah' tneka uyd
mrdl%undyq rc;=ud lS m c, jla fyda wmf;a fkdheh hq;= nj
uu o Yajdi lr' ksiqkag muKla fkdj" .y fld<" i;d
iSmdjg o c,h flfrys we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lr'

hdmkhg .la - w,suxlvg jejla

tla hq.hl ol=fKa f.dhd ia, Kq j.d lsu i|yd bf.k .;af;a
hdmkfha f.dkaf.ks' tu f.dkaf.a c, wjYH;djh iemsu uf.a
34
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

j.lSula nj uu oks' 1920 .Kkaj, lklrdhka wdreTh yryd

w,suxlv l,mqjg .,d .sh c,h r|jd .kska h ,la ksudKh
lsug W;aidy lr ;snQ wdldrh uu wOHhkh lsfuka tys YlH;dj
uu ykd .;af;'


wlalr 19"000 la muK jk w,suxlv l,mqj kef.kysr

Ydfjka . je,s jehlska jeiS we;s ksid pqkal=,
wi,ska l,mqjg we;=jk uqyq j;=r j,lajd .ekSfuka
lrh we;=<;a fkdjk w,suxlv jej f.dv ke.Sf uyd
jHdmD;sh wdrN lr' ta i|yd foaYSh oekqu Nd; lr
mq,a wOHhkla lsu wfma jd fYaI{hskag mjr'

jkshdf isg jeis c, Odrdjkaf.ka o fmdaIs;j w,suxlv

jejg lsf,da g 90 la r f.jd Yd, c, Od;djla iys;
lklrdhka wdreTh mq,a lr hdmkh . ksudKh lr'
tuska c,ySk;djfhka mSvd k W;=re m<df;a ckhdf.a
j.djg wjeis c,h imhd fokafk'

rggu c,h


fudr.ylkao - l . c,dY fhdackd l%u hgf;a

W;=reueo we< jHdmD;sh 2015 l%shd;aul lsfuka ta uyd
c, im; W;=re ueo m<d;g f.k h'

my< u,aj;= Th yerf jHdmD;sh u.ska ukakdr

ia;%slalhg c,h imh'

,xldf m<uqjrg c, fmdm lsf jHdmD;shla u.ska

;%sl=Kdu,fhka kslrefka uqyqog wehk c, l| kej;
fmdmlr ld,sx.kqqjr" wue,a," kafkah hk m%foaY
c,fhka fmdaIKh lr' thska W;=reueo c, wjYH;d
imQK lr'
35

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


2014 jif ck;djg mjrd ka oereTh fhdackd l%uh

jvd;a mq,a lsfuka jhU m<d;a c, wjYH;dj imQK
lsug yelsjkq we;'

WudTh jHdmD;sh yryd fudKrd., yd ynkaf;dg hk

ia;%slal foflau ck;djg kej;;a c, ysfhka mSvd
kakg we;s bvlv jid ou'

.sx . jHdmD;sh yryd ol=Kq m,df;a c, .egj ksud

lr'

N+.; c,h ms<snj| fu;la wfma rf YajikSh

weia;fka;=jla islr fkdue;s neka m<uq j;djg N+.;
c,h ms<sn| u;a is;shula ksudKh lsug lghq;= lr'
c, im;g fyda mirhg ydks fkdjk m by; lsis
jHdmD;shlska c,h fkd,efnk m%foaYj,g N+.; c,h
iemhSug lghq;= lr'

ishu m%Odk .x.d iy tajdfha fomi bjqre Y=oaO m;%

lsf jevigykla wdrN lr'

jhsfka we;s ish je yd we,f,s ta ta .j, j;ajk

whf.a Y%u odhl;ajfhka m%;sixialrKh fldg wdrCId
lsf j.lSu ks,Odkag fkdj tajdfha w.h uekka
okakd f.d ixOdkj,g mjr' tu jdmoaO;s ksis m
kv;a;= lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd cd;sl je
wruqo,la msysgqj'

ke.=u u. fmkau hgf;a 30000 wl . ugf l=vd

je iy wuqKq tlla kEr m%;sixialrKh lsfuka .f
flf;a hjrg we;s ndOd ksu lr'

36
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


tu.ska h<s l,dmfha N+.; c, ugu by< kexug iy

ksidg muKla fkdj i;d iSmdjdg iy .yfld<j,g o
iqjfha j;ah yels mir moaO;shla f.dv k.'

j.djg c iy fmdfydr


f.dhdf.a c whs;sh iqrCIs;;djh iy;sl jk m

c ksmou iy fnodyeu ms<sn| rcfha j.lSu ;jrg;a
iy;sl flfrk kj kS;suh rduqjla iys;j cd;sl
jevms<sfj<la bm;a lr'

ienE ,dxlSh rihla iys; fouqyqka c rg ;=<u

wNsckkh lsug yels jk m lDIsc mfhaIK
uOHia:dk kQ;k ;dCIKfhka mmQK lr'

lDIs ridhk Nd;h wju lrka iajNdl f.d;eka l%u

u.ska foaYSh c m%fNao m%p,s; lsu i|yd uQ,sl;ajh
fokafk'

lsf,da 50 fmdfydr h remsh,a 350 ne.ska ;j rg;a ,nd

fokafk' ta iuu ldnksl fmdfydr ksIm
A dok .ekau
iy Nd;h by< kexf jevigykla h;a lr'

f.dhdg m%d.aOkh


f.dhd fj<|fmd< h.ig ne| ;nk Kh.e;s lfuka

.<jd.ekSu uq,alrf.k f.d Kh iydu fjkajQ f.d ck
nexl= l%uhg h<s mK fokafk' f.dck fiajd
fomd;fka;=f im;a fhdod .kska b;d wvq msjehla
hgf;a ldhlaIuj Kh u ioyd nexl= hdka;%Kh ilia
lr'

37
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

j.dj iy fj<|fmd<


wfma lDIsluh oeka w;dCIKsl hdka;%SlrK l%shdj,shg

m%fY we;s neka hka;%dKqidrfhka me< bkaou" j,a
me,E uOkh" wiajkq fk,Su iy ieliSu hk ksIamdok
l%shdj,sh i|yd wjYH hka;% iy WmlrK ksIamdokh lrk
iy jehqKq lrk jHjidhlhskg
a mia wjqre n iykhla
,nd fokafk.

iajNdl f.d;eka l%u hdka;%SlrK l%shdj,shka u.ska je

hqKq lrka lDIslufha fhug leu;s ;reK
jHjidhlhkag remsh,a 2,500,000 l wdfhdack Khla wju
fmd<S wkqmd;hla hgf;a ,nd fokafk.

l=vd iy uOHu m%udKfha fuda,a yshka kd isgqu i|yd

ksYa; cd;sl jevms<sj,la ykajd fokafk'

Wiia ugf iy,a ms ksmou iy mfNdackh jOkh

lsug tu ludka;h klrKh lsu i|yd iyk
fmd,shg Kh uqo,la ,nd fokafk'

lDIs ridhk Nd;h wju lsu i|yd ldnksl fmdfydr

Nd;fhka ksIAmdokh lrk lsf,dajla i|yd by< ,la
mshjfrka mshjr kshu lr'

ji fika f;dr wdydr f,la ck;djg imhkakka

.ekau i|yd lDIsldl wud;HdxYh hgf;a fjku u
wxYhla wdrN lr.

iy,a iy nvb= ksIAmdokfhka iajhxfmdaIS ;;a;ajhg

meKs mu 2020 jkg uqxweg" lms" fidahd fndax"
l=rlalka" rsia iy W jeks wfkl=;a wdydr fNda.j,ska
rg iajhxfmdaIs; lr'
38

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

wjdf m<;=re iy t<j



,xldj lDIs mdil l,dm 46 lg fnod tla tla

l,dmfha tla tla m<;=re yd t<j M,odj ,efnk
wdldrh ykdf.k wiajkq ,s; ilia lr'

tu ,s; wkqj j.d lsug f.dkag ufmkafuka yd

;dCIKsl myiql iemhSfuka foaYh
S iy foaY fj<|fmd<
b,lal lrka t<j iy m<;=re j.dj wjqreoao mqrdu
M,odj ,efnk wdldrhg j.d lsf jevigykla wdrN
lr'

ta i|yd wjYH c j. ksmojk fyda me, ;jdka

mj;ajdf.k hk f.dkag ish myiql iy iyk ,nd
fokafk'

O frdaO;d fya;=fjka fuf;la l,a mud jQ Wvrg

t<j f.dkaf.a wiajkq iqrCIs;j l,a;nd .ekSug wjYH
YS;d.dr moaO;sh 2016 jk g blr'

t<j m%jdykh i|yd wvq ho hdka;%Khla ilia lsu

msKsi uOH mudK jHjidhlhka fm<Uu i|yd
.eka iys; jevigykla l%shd;aul lr'

mY= im;a ixjOk jevigyk



mY= im;a ixjOk uKav,fha ;dCIKsl u`.fmkau iy

iyfhda.h hgf;a mjHdma; i;aj wNsckk f.dm<
cd,hla msysgq jkafk' Bg wu;rj i;aj wNsckk
f.dm<j,a msysgqu i|yd ;reK f.dka .ekau i|yd
fYaI iyk meflachla ykajd foaYShj ls.jhska
wNsckk lghq;= jOkh lr'
39

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


mY= ffjoH Wmdh i|yd YajoHd,j,g n|jd .kakd

YsIH ixLHdj by< kexfuka fuu ludka;fha
ixjOkh i|yd wjYH jD;a;slhkaf.a ixLHdj mq,a lr'
ta yryd .jmj, irenj yd lsfokqkag nyq,j je<fok
frda. wju lsug mshjr .kafk'

lsf.dhka i|yd wOHdmk mqyqKq jevigyka iy

mfhaIKuh jHdmD;s lghq;= ms<sn| oekqj;a lsu ;=<ska
;reK jD;a;Sh ls wdY%s; jHjidhlhka yslsu iyd
cd;sl ugf jevigykla wdrN lr'

.j wdydr ksIamdok i|yd wuqjH f,i fhdod .kq ,nk

mqkaklal= iy ksjqvq ;s= ;rld <la hgf;a foaYShj
<g .ekSu u;a lsug wjYH iyk rch u.ska ,nd ug
lghq;= lr'

wo wm rgg wjYH l=l= ksIamdok m%udKh foaYShj

imQK we;s neka wfma ksIAmdok i|yd bkahdj,
ol=Kq wm%sldj iy ueofmr. rgj, fyd| fj<|fmd<la
we;s neka wod< jHdmdlhkag tu fj<|fmd< ch.ekSu
i|yd wjYH jgmsgdj ilia lr fokafk.

W;=re yd kef.kysr ck;djf.a im%odhsl mY=

ludka;hla jk tjka we;s lsf ludka;h hqKq
lsu i|yd wjYH megjqka iEu mjq,lgu ,nd u i|yd
wjYH jevigykla ke.=u fomd;fka;=j hgf;a
l%shd;aul lr'

40
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

je,s wd:lfha ;dlaIKsl udj;

f;a j.dj
w;S;fha mgkau ,xldf lS;skduh f,dj mqrd nn,jkakg uq,a
jQ m%Odk idOlh wfma f;a j.djh. tneka f;a j.dj hqKq fldg
wkd.;fha;a cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a ,xld kduh uq,a ;efka
/|ug wjYh mshjr .kafk.


f;a j.djg oHd;aul {dKh iy w;dCIKsl l%u

ykajdu i|yd uyd mudK f;a ksIAmdolhka .ekaug
rdcH uey;au ,nd fokafk.

ksIamdok msjeh wju lsu i|yd hkaf;%damlrK Nd;h

l=vd f;a j;= yshka w;r m%p,s; lsug rcfha wkq.%yh
,nd fokafk'

je wiajkq ,nd.; yels .=Kd;aul nka hq;= noaO me<

,nd .ekSug yels jk fia ;jdka ixjOkh lsug;a
tajdfha fCIa;% mlaIK islsug;a wjYH l%shd ud.
.kafk'

l=vd f;aj;= yshkaf.a ixOdkh Yla;su;a lsu i|yd

i;s n, m%foaYhla ;=< o tal;= lsf uOHia:dkhla we;s
lsug wjYH myiql imhkafk'

rn j.dj


rn , my; jeug ms<shula f,i fiia noao ixfYdaOkh

fldg iy;sl , l%uh ia:djr lr wLKAvj mj;ajdf.k
hkafk.
41

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


fudKrd.," wmdr" jkshdj" uq,;s iy ynkaf;dg

jeks im%odhsl fkdjk m%foaYj, rn j.dj jHdma; lsu
i|yd tu m%foaYj, rcfha me< ;jdka ia:dms; fldg kj
fmdfydr Y%Khla ykajdug lghq;= lr'

rn j.dj l=vd f.dka w;r jHdma; lsu i|yd wjYH

iyk meflachla ykajd fokafk'

m%dfoaYSh ugka rn iuQy ieliq uOHia:dk wdrN

lrk w;r ;dCIKsl Nd;h mq,a lr w.h tl;= l, rn
NdKav ksIamdokh by< kexug ,nd fo'

fmd,a j.dj


.ilska ,efnk f. m%udKh jelr .ekSu i|yd Wiia

cdkuh me< j. ms<sn|j mfhaIKh lsu i|yd fmd,a
mfhaIK wdh;k n,.kaj.

fmd,a j.d fCIa;%hka ;=< M<odhS;d ixl,am ls%hd;aul

lsug bm;ajk jHdmdlhkg wjYH oekqu yd mqyqKqj
,ndug lghq;= i,iaj.

f;a" rn" fmd,a j.djkag wod< ish wKmk;a kQ;k

wjYH;djhkag .e<fmk m ixfYdaOkh lsug mshjr
.kafk.

kQ;k ;dCIKsl Nd;djka weiqfrka rn ls lemSu, f;a

o fk<Su iy fmd,a lef kj l%ufohka ykajd
fokafk.

N+f.da,Sh f;dr;=re u; mokj f;a, rn yd fmd,a bv

is;sh .; lsug lghq;= lr.
42

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


foaY rgj, odhl;ajh we;sj f;a, fmd,a iy rn wdY%s;

ishu mfhaIK wdh;k kQ;k ;dCIKfhka mmQK
lr.

wmkhk fNda. j.dj



,xldj f,dal fj<|fmd<g Wiiau j.fha l=re

imhkakd njg m;a we;s neka l=re j.dj kexf
m%jOk jevigykla wdrN lr' ta hgf;a l=re ;e,Sf
Y%u W!K;dj uyeu i|yd w;dCIKsl kj WmlrK
fidhd hk foaYSh oHd{hkag mQK iyh ,nd fokafk.

uykqjr yd ud;f,a ia;s%lalj, .%dh ck;djf.a m%Odk

wdodh ud.hla jk idlald j.dj ;jrg;a jHdma;
lsug yd m<odj by< kexug wjYH myiql
imhkafk'

lrdnqke" fldfldajd iy mqjla j.dj kexu i|yd;a

f.dhkag fYAI iyk Kh l%uhla ykajd fokafk.

fmd,a iy rn bvj, foaYSh fj<|fmd< mok

lrf.k lgqje,a, je,aw, iy lsw, jeks fNda. j.djka
jHdma; lsug whjeh iykj,g wu;rj wdfhdack iyk
Khla ,nd fokafk'

id.r wd:lhla uq;= mx;sfha ;hla

fn,af,l=g uq;= fia jhsklg we;s by<u im; uy id.rhhs' kuq;a
bkaoshka id.rfha uq;= wegh ;ju;a bka ksisM, fk<df.k fkdue;s

43
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

nj uf.a Yajdihhs 2020 jk g ,xldj id.r wd:lhla iys;

rgla njg m;a lsug uu oe fia wIAGdk lrf.k iskafk


2007 u Y%S ,xldjg wh;a uqyq m%udKh fyj;a uydoam

;gdlh uek wjika lsug ,eu f.dv hqoaOh ksud
lsug fmr wm iska w;alr.;a YsIag ch.%yKhla nj
uu is;.

Y%S ,xldjg ys uqyq iSudj > lr .ekSu i|yd ud iska

tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixOdkhg lrk ,o b,a,Su ms<s.ekSu
.ek uu w;sYhska wdvnr jkafk' tu.ska kqre
wkd.;fha wmg ys uqyq iSudj wfma ,xldj fuka 23
.=Khla muK jkq we;'

tu uqyq iSudj ;=< we;s Lksc f;,a" .Eia yd Lksc je,s

hk im;a w;am;a lr.ekSfuka wmg ysjk wd:l
jkdlu we' fvd' %,shkh blaujd hkq we;'

ukakdr fdaKsfha oekgu;a fidhd f.k we;s iajNdl

.Eia jdKscuh jYfhka ksiaidrKh lr tys m%;s,dN
uyckhdg w;am;a lr fokafk'

uqyqo wdY%s; T!IO ksIamdokh" u;aiH iy uQ Ydl wdYs%;

ksIamdok, w.h tl;=lrk ,o jrdh fiajdjka iy uqyq
;dm n,Yla;s ;dlaIKh ksIamdokhkag rdcH uey;au
;=< m%uqL ia:dkhla ,nd fokafk.

Wmdh ud.sl ludka;hla f,i ka ud ludka;h

ixjOkh lr' ta i|yd iqiq u;aiH wiajekak nyq,
m%foaY 5 l ludka; Yd,d 5 la wdrN lr'

44
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

ienE jQ fiao udjf;a isyskh



fld<U yd ynkaf;dg wdY%s; wx. imQK kdl

myiqlj,ska iuka; jrdh k.r folla blr
tu.ska rg ;=< fj<| kdl flaI;%hg wod< uyd mudK
jHjidhlhkaf.a ldhd, ixlSKhla we;s lr

ixpdrl fydag,a" idmamq ixlSK" fkdao uOHia:dk"

m%oYk yd iuka;%K Yd,d myiql hkdfhka iuka;
l,dmSh fj<| flaJ folla jrdh k.rdY%s;j f.dv
k

ksoyia jrdh ixl,amh h:d:hla njg m;alrka

fld<U yd ynkaf;dg ksoyia jrdhka njg m;al< mu
;%sl=Kdu, jrdh o ;jrg;a ixjOkh lr ksoyia jrdhla
njg m;a lr foaYSh yd foaYSh wdfhdaclhska .kajk
fYaI jevms<f
s j<la ilia lr tuska NdKav ksIm
a dokh,
tl,ia lsu iy jkdl tl;= lsf l,dmSh
flakaia:dkhla njg ,xldj m;a lr

uyd mudK kdjql iy jrdh ludka;hkag wjYH iyh

fiajdjka iemhSu i|yd l=vd iy uOH mudK foaYSh
jHjidhlhka u;a lsug fYaI jevms<sfj,la ilia
lr

fk!ld ldh uKav,j, wfma foaYSh wdydr flfrys fYaI

m%sh;djhla olajk neka fo,a" fldia" w," n;, jeks foaYSh
wdydr ilia lr jkdlu tl;= lsf l%uhla u.ska
fk!ldj,g iemhSfuka f.d ck;djg wdodhula ,nd
.ekSug yels jk meye,s jevms<sfj<la oekgu;a ilia

45
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

lr we;af; ta hgf;a ilial, wdydr iemhq Ndr .kakd

uOHia:dk 10la rgmqrd we;s lsug lghq;= lr


oekg ie,iq lr we;s .d jrdh ixjOk jHdmD;sh u.ska

ixpdrl wdlIKh iys; m%foaYhla njg .d jrdh mej;s
m%foaYh m;a lr' tu.ska jk jD;a;sh lr.;a ol=Kq
m,df;a j;ajk Yd, msilf.a w;g jvd irejkq we;

w;ska bl< T,a jrdh" klrKh fjka mj;sk

lkalika;=f jrdh iy ;%sl=Kdu" jrdh Nd;d lrka
W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj, j;a jk ck;djf.a ksIamdok
fld<U m%Odk jdksc flakahg myiqfjka yd wvqu ,lska
f.khdug yels jk fia uqyq m%jdyk fiajdjla wdrN
lsug lghq;= lr

jrdh fCIa;%h wdY%s; fuu ixjOkh ;=<ska by< jegqma

iys; Rcq /lshd ,CI ;=kla yd jl% /lshd ,laI folla
b jir 6 ;=< ksielju ksudKh lr

f ish ixjOk jHdmD;s u.ska b jir 6 ;=< wfma

wd:lhg w;ska tl;=jk foaYSh wdfhdack m%udKh
weuldkq fvd, ,shk 10 blauug lghq;= lrkq
,ef.

jrdh yd kdl fCIa;% wdYs%;j iy id.r wdY%s; oHd;aul

oekqu jOkh lsu iy ;reK ;reKshka w;r fnodyeu
iy tu flaI;%h ;=< .fYk yd mlaIK is lsug yels
jk m id.r YajoHd,h Yla;su;a lr.

fld<U jrdh wl ldh nyq, jrdhla u;a iu we;s

;sfnk fiajd nyd msg; f.khdf isjk m%udoh
je,elau i|yd wjYH ldhCIu l%ufohla jydu l%h
s djg

46
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

kxj. tuska hrkaf.a yd wfkl=;a Bg inkaO

fiajlhkaf.a ld,h wmf;a hdu iy udkisl w;Dma;sh
u.yerug lghq;= lr'


fld<U iy ynkaf;dg m%Odk cd;Hka;r jrdhka

foflysu fN!;sl im;a yd myiql cd;Hka;r jrdh
wjYH;djhkag wkql+, m%;sfhka hqla;j wLKavj
klrKh lsfuka Y%S ,xldj f,dalfha kdl flaIa;%fha
m%Odk flakaia:dkhla njg m;a lsug lghq;= lr

jr m%%cdjg w;a ;hla

uu o jrla f rf jr weu;sjrhdj is ksid uqyqo ish ;h
lr.;a wvq myiql hgf;a j;ajk jr ck;djg iudc jkdlula
iys; w;a ;hla ,ndu i`oyd Tjqka wd:l jYfhka Tijd ;eu
msKsi w;ska f.dv kef.k ,xldf ish fodrgq jD; lr.


jr Ndhdfjda ;u iehd hUg .sh fudfydf;a mgka

jefgk jeiaig iy yuk iq<g o fhka miqfj;s. ta
tfkod jr ludka;fha fhfok wfma jrhkaf.a Tre
iy l=vd fndagqj, we;s wkdrCIs; nj ksidh. tneka
tjeks jrhskaf.a myiqj i|yd ikaksfok iy .nvd
myiql iys; fl k hd;%djla ksIamdokh lsu i|yd
bm;a jk iud. .kaj' uQ,sl f.ulska f;drj
iyk f.f moku u; jrhkag tu fl k hd;%d ,nd
ug lghq;= lr.

;reK mrmrdjg cd;Hka;r m%;Skag wkql+,j jr

ludka;fha fhu i|yd wjYH kQ;k l%ufohka ms<sn|
oekqu iy mqyqKqj w;ska ixjOkh jk id.r im;a iy
kdjql YajoHd,fhka wod< mqyqKqj ,ndug lghq;= lr'

47
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


lrj," Wn,lv iy cd ksIAmdok ludka;h i|yd

ldka;d jHjidhl mx;shla yslsu msKsi ke=u nexl=j
hgf;a fjku iyk Kh l%uhla ykajd fokafk' tu
ksIAmdok cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd<g fhduq l< yels
wdldrhg w.h tl;= lsf jHdmdrhkag m%fYu i|yd
jr ;reK m%cdjg wjia:dj i,id fokafk.

uqyq ud. iy ud whska ms<sn| wOHhkhla lr u;aiHh

im;a iy uqyq ud. ms<sn| is;shula ksudKh lr'

wka;cd;sl fjf<|fmd< ;=< u;aiH wiajkq wf<h

inkaOfhka u;=jk wNsfhda.j,g uqyqKu i|yd kj
fjf<|fmd< fidhd hk m%jOk jevigykla l%shd;aul
lr'

h u;aiH ludka;h m%jOkh lsu i|yd wNHka;r

c,dY fhdodf.k cd;sl ugka mq,a c, ixjOk
jevigykla rg mqrd l%shd;aul lr'

48
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

6 cd;sl lrudka; kHdh m;%h

lDIslufhka fukau ludka; wxYfhka o rg bhg .ekSu b
ih jir ;=< uf.a m%uqL b,lalhhs' ta i|yd rf wdlhg Wmdh
ud.sl jYfhka jeo.;a ludka; ykd .ekSug;a" tu ludka;
lrejkag we;s Odldr ndOd bj;a lr Tjqka .ekaug;a" /lshd
,laI ;=kla iy jfkdamdh wjia:d mka,laIhla f.dvkexu i|yd
wjYH cd;sl ludka; kHdh m;%hla ilia lr' Bg myiql
ie,iSu i|yd kj kS;suh rduqjla o ykajd fo' ta i|yd mQK
n,;, iys; ludka; ixjOk mk;la f.k tkafk'

nlrKh ;jrg;a ir, iy myiq lsu, rcfhka ,nd.;

hq;= ish wkque;Ska tlajy,la hg ,nd.ekSu iy ta
i|yd .;lrk ld, rduq ksYaph lsu, wuqjH imhd .ekSu
myiq lsu, udkj im;a l<ukdlrKh, mirhg
ixrCIKh, kj kqu iy kk ;dCIK Nd;h iy
wmkhk fj<|m< jdis wd ish fCIa;%hka fuu mk;ska
wdjrKh lr.
rdcH wdh;kj, .Kkfha m<uq uQ,Ouh h hq;af;a ;u
wdh;kj, fiajd fyda m%d.aOk iemhqu fld;r
ldhlaIuj cd;sl wruqK i|yd iM,odhS f,i fhdod
f.k we;a o hkakhs' ta ksid fuu wruqKq u; mokj iEu
wdh;khlu ixhqla; ie,iq 2015 isg w;ska ilia lsug
fhdackd lr'
uyd mudK lrudka; iy Wmdh ud.sl ludka;j,g
foaYSh fyda foaYSh nexl=j,ska m%d.aOk wdfhdack ,nd
.ekSug yels jk m iq/l= j.lSm;a yd nelr ksl=;a
lsu i|yd wmkhk nexl= l%uh hgf;a l%shd;aul lr'

49
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

lrudka;lrKh i|yd wjYH jHqyhka ixjOk wfmalI

a djg
wkql+, lru i|yd mj;sk kS;s wKmk;aj, fjkial
we;s lr'
ludka;lrKhg fhduq isk fndfyda fokdf.a
ueis,a, k ljr myiql rcfhka ,nd kak o tu fiajd
,nd.ekSug hdf udi .Kkla m%udo jk njhs' tneka
tla jy,la hgf;a ish wkque;Ska ,nd .ekSug fukau
wod< l%ufo ,sys,a lsug;a wjYH oe mshjr fkdmudj
.;af;'

uyd mudK lrudka;lrKhg wkqn,

ixpdrl ludka;h
f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a ;ju;a oreKq ;%ia;jdofhka .sks .kakd g
iy fndfyda rgj,a wdr:l jYfhka lvd je isk g iajNdj
fi!kaofha wish ksid o w;a Y%S ,xldj ;=< f.dvkef.k m%Ndu;a
ixjOkh ksid o ixpdrl ludka;h cd;sl wd:lfha by<u
ia:dkhla w;am;a lr .kq we;'

mq,ajk ixpdrl ludka;hg m%udKj;a fydag,a ldur

80"000 la f.dvke.Sug wjYH ishu iyh ,ndfuka
,xldf fydag,a lrudka;h wka;rcd;sl ugug Tijd
;n' ta weiqfrka ixpdrlhka i|yd wjYH wfkl=;a fiajd
iemhSu ;=<ska jfkdamdh wjia:d 100"000 muK f.dv
kef.kq we;'
l,amsh, l=pf,s, hd, iy mdisl=vd hk m%foaY uqyq l%Svd
mok lr.;a fjr< ixpdrl ludka;hg .e<fmk
myiqlj,ska hqla;j hqKq lr.
50

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

lDIs ixpdrl ludka;h" mir f,da,S ixpdrl ludka;h"

jkdka;r ,e ixpdrl ludka;h ixjrOkh lsu i|yd
;reK jHjidhlhska iy jD;a;slhska u;a lr'
;reK ixpdrlhskaf.a is;a ne| .kakd ;%dickl l%Svd
wjia:d by< kexug mshjr .kafk'
wfma rgg mefKk ixpdrlhkag wmg wdfKsl
wd.ka;=l i;aldrfhka ie,lSu ;=<ska ,xldf
lS;skduh f,dj mqrd m%p,s; lrk jevigykla l%shdjg
kxj'
ldnksl wdydr" foaYSh wdydr yd mdk j. wdhg
ixpdrlhkag imhk l=vd jHdmdlhka remsh,a 500,000
l iyk Kh uqo,la ,nd fuka u;a lr'
wu;a f,i ixpdrlhkag fiajd imhkakka yg u;a
mqyqKqjla ,nd fokafk'
foaYSh ffjoH fiajd iemhSu uq,alr .;a ixpdrl
jHdmdrhla iqfYaIS f,i rgmqrd m%p,s; lsu i|yd foaYSh
ffjoHjreka u;a lrkafk' ta i|yd iyk iemhSf iy
kshdukh lsf hdka;%Khla ilia lr'

bls ludka; ms<sfj;

foaYSh bls ludka;h oekg ,nd we;s ch.%yKhka

bhg mj;ajdf.k hdu yd m%jOkh lsu i|yd kj
bls ixjOk mk; hgf;a ish fiajdodhlhska"
jD;a;slhska blslrejka yd bls Ys,amSkaf.a mQK
odhl;ajh ,nd.ekSf cd;sl bls l%shdms<sfj;la
ksudKh lr'
51

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

l,dmfha wka rgj,a wNsnjd bhg hdug wjYH wNsfhda.

ch.ekSu i|yd foaYSh bls ludka; m%;sm;a;shla
m%ldYhg m;a lr'
fuu ludka;fha fiajfha fhfok ,CI 6 lg muK
wdikak ishu Ys,amSh fY%aKSka i|yd u;a mqyqKqjla ,nd
ug;a Tjqkaf.a jk ugu Wiia lsug;a Tjqkg ksis
iudc ms<s.ekSu w;am;a lrug;a uydNsudks cd;sl Y%du
iqnidOk iy rlaIK jevigyk ykajd ug;a wfmaCId
lr'
bls Ys,amSkag foaY /lshd wjia:d ,nd u i|yd fYaI
jevms<sfj<la l%shd;aul lr'
bls ludka;h i|yd wjYH wuqjHh Wiia m%;shlska
hq;=j ksIamdokh lsu i|yd wjYH m%;Ska ykajd
fokafk'
cd;sl bls f;dr;=re cd,hla ksudKh lr'

we ludka;fha yerjqula

;;ajfhka Wiia we by< mdfNda.sl fj<|fmd<

i|yd ksmoug;a w;a cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< fidhd
hdug;a we. ludka;Yd,d yshkag rcfha mQK
wkq.%yh ,nd fokafk.
fi!LHh fCIa;%fha Nd;hg .kq ,nk ish frms<s
(Medical Textiles) ksIamdok iy O ldhhka i|yd
fhdod .kakd iqfYAI frms<s (GeoTextiles) ksIamdok
ludka;h Y%S ,xldf we ludka;hg ykajd
52

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

fokafk. tu ludka;fha m%jOkh i|yd wjYH ish

myiql rch u.ska ,ndu iy;sl lr.

uvl,mq ia;%slalfha foaYSh frms<s ksIamdok ludka;h

kQ;k ;dCIKfhka hqla;j hqKq lsug ;reK
jHjidhlhkag wjYH m%d.aOkh yd oekqu ,nd ug lghq;=
lr.

Wmdh ud.sl ludka; moaO;shla

jdIslj foaY rgj,g we hk kuq;a" wmsg ksIamdokh

lr.; yels" foaYSh ksIamdok mok lr.;a ludka;
moaO;shla ia:dmkh lr' tjeks ludka; rdcH
wkq.%yfhka yd rf by< fm!oa.,sl ludka;lrejkaf.a
odhl;ajfhka f.dv k.'
fldgia fj<|fmdf<a by<skau isk iud. 200 o we;=j
wm rf by<u jHdmdlhka iEu m%dfoaYSh f,al
fldGdihlu tla ne.ska w.h tlalsf ludka; iy
foaYSh wuqjH wdY%s; ludka; we;= ludka; Yd,d 325
la wdrN lsug wdrdOkd lr. ta i|yd Tjqkg wjYH
myiql yd ukd ish,a, imh.
fuu jevigyk hgf;a ;ukaf.au jk m%foaY ;=< isgu
l< yels /lshd 100"000 la ksudKh lr.
cd;sl ludka; moaO;sh ;=< kj kqu iy foaYSh kj
fidhd.ekS jv jvd;a .ekau i|yd ;dCIKsl
mfhaIK oHd.dr moaO;shla rg mqrd YajoHd, wdY%s;j
msysgqj.
53

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

O oHd{hska mfhaIlhka tjeks kj fidhd .ekS iy

mfhaIK iy ixjOk lghq;= i|yd fm<Uu i|yd
cd;sl mfhaIK iy ixjOk wruqo,la msysgqj' tu
wruqo, u.ska ludka;lrejkag iy mfhaIlhkag wjYH
uq,H iyh ,nd ug lghq;= lr'

iSks ludka;h
kj Wmdhud.sl mk; hgf;a rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl yjq,a wdfhdack
ludka;hla f,i iSks ludka;h ixjOkh lr' 2020 jk g
,xldf iSks wjYH;dj foaYShj imQK lsug wjYH ie,eiau
oekgu;a ilia lr we;af;'

mj;sk iSks iud. i;= j.d l< yels imQK N+fhkau

Wla j.dj ixjOkh lsfuka foaYSh iSks ksIamdokhka 40]
olajd by< kxj'
me,aj;a;" fijK., yd ys=rdK ludka;Yd,d
imQKfhkau klrKh lr' tu m%foaYj, oekg
fylaghdrhlska ,efnk wiajekak fu%la fgdka 100 olajd
jOkh lsug wjYH w m<|d c j. iy kQ;k j.d
l%u m%p,s; lr'
wkqrdOmqrh" jkshdj" uvl,mqj" uq,;s" ukakdru iy
, hk m%foaYj, fylaghd 120"000 w;ska Wla j.djg
tl;= lr' tu iEu m%foaYhlu w;s kk ludka; Yd,d
moaO;shla wdrN lr'
fuu w;a ludka;Yd,d weiqfrka Rcq /lshd 25"000 la
we;s lr Bg wu;rj oekg mj;sk lDIslufhka ksis M,
fkd,nk tu m%foaYj, f.dka weiqfrka w;a Wla j.d
54

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

mka;shla f.dv k.' wju jYfhka m%foaYfha f.d mjq,a

100"000 lg w;sfl jfkdamdh ud. Wod jkq we;'

iSks ksIamdokfha w;sflhla jk t;fkda,a u;ameka i|yd

fkdj bkaOk uqij
q la f,i Nd; lsug wjYH l%fudamdhka
ilia lr'
ldfnda" lvodis iy ma,diala weiqfrka w;=re ksIamdok
.Kkdjla rg ;=< f.dv k.'
iSks ludka; Yd,d weiqfrka mqkckkSh n,Yla;s
ksIamdokh cd;sl ,sn, moaO;shg tl;= lr'

ls ludka;h - Oj, ma,jh

> ld,hla ;siafia foaYSh ls ludka;hg l=vudf.a ie,ls,s
,efuka |je ;snqKq foaYSh ls ksIamdok ludka;h ;=< ma,h
fjkila lrka foaYSh ls ksIamdokh 13% isg 40% olajd jOkh
lsug yelsu wm ,enQ YsIag ch.%Khls' tuska ,;a wd;au
ffOhfhka hqla;j 2020 Y%S ,xldf ls ksIamdokfhka
iajhxfmdaIs; lr'

oekg ,xldf ls t<fokqka ,laI 12 la isk nj jd;d

we;;a Bg idfmalaI ls ksIamdokhla is jk nj nj uu
fkdols' Bg fya;=j hr ls tl;= lsf fyda wf<
lsf ksis l%ufohla rg mqrd jHdma; fkdjk neka rg
mqrd me;=reKq ls tl;= lsf cd,hla iy .nvdlrK
uOHia:dk iuQyhla ia:dmkh lr'
iEu m<d;lgu tl ne.ska m%Odk ls wdY%;
s lrudka; Yd,d
9 la wdrN lr'
55

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

tu ldudka; Yd,dj, ls ksIamdok wod< m<df;a kka

wf, lsf l%ufohla ykajd fokafk' tuska
ksIamdok wf, lsu m%jOkh lr'
m%Odk ms ls ksIamdok ludka; Yd,d 4 la msysgqj'
tuska wdkhksl ms ls iu ;r. lsug ji fika
f;dr foaYSh ms ls ludka;hg yels jkq we;'

uOH mudK mdIdK ludka; moaO;shla

fndfyda fokd l,amkd lrkafka f,dalfha we;s jkdu N+.; im;a
jkafka r;a;rka, huka;s iy Lksc f;,a muKla njhs' wfma rf
fndfyda fokd o ;ju;a miqjkafka tu ml,amkfhau nj uf.a
yeSuhs' tuksid wmg Wreu we;s ueKsla b,aukhs ksrka, is,sld,
ys.,a jeks N+.; im;aj,ska wm ;ju;a ksisM, fk<df.k ke;s
nj uu oks' tneka mir moaO;sh o wdrCId jk m oe
md,khla hgf;a cd;sl mdIdK ludka; ixjOk jevigykla
wdrN lr

ueKsla ludka;h

ks,a ueKsla i|yd cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a wm kd we;s

lS;skduh mok lrf.k ,xldj f,dalfha wxl tfla
ks,aueKsla fj<| uOHia:dkh njg m;a lr
f,dj m%uqL fmf<a ueKsla iy iajKdNrK
wmkhklrejka wdlrIKh lr.ekSfuka ,xldj ueKsla
ludka;fha m%uqL rgla njg m;alr
kk oHq;a ;dm msh lsf ;dCIKh furgg ykajd
f.jqv iy l=rekao ueKsla i|yd w.h tla lsfuka fuu
56

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

fCIa;%fha kshef<kakkag w;a jHdmdl fodrgqjla jD;

lr

;ju;a wfma rf Nd; fkdjk w;dCIKsl iQCIu

lemq ;dCIKh (Precision Cutting) furgg ykajd
.ere jfha jemqru we;s jkdlfuka wvq l=vd
ueKslaj,g w.h tla lsfuka by< wdodhula Wmhd
.ekSug wjia:dj Wodlr
ueKsla ludka;hg inkaO l=vd jHjidhlhskaf.a
wdodhu by< kexu i|yd r ueKsla ksIamdok jOkh
lr ta i|yd foaY fj<|fmd< jD; lr fokafk

hqKqf fkdgq im;

wm i;= ksrka" fmdiafma" hlv" hmia" Lksc f;,a,

iajNdl .Eia iy Lksc je,s hk im;aj, ksisM,
fk<d.ekSu i|yd;a w.h tl;= l< ks ludka; yslsu
i|yd;a cd;sl ;srir Lksc im;a ludka; m%;sm;a;shla
ilia lr'
tmamdj, fmdiafma ksh jeks im;aj,ska foaYSh
f.d;efka yd je,s ludka;fha wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug
wjYH frdla fmdiafma" isx.,a iqm fmdiafma iy %m,a
iqm fmdiafma" ksmou kQ;k ;dlaIKhka uqiq
ludka;hla f,i ixjOkh lr'
fuu ludka; i|yd j ;dCIKh" kefkda ;dCIKh"
oHq;a ;dCIKh" frdfnda ;dCIKh" f;dr;=re yd wNHjldY
;dCIKh wdh Nd;fhka ksIAmdok Od;dj kexu i|yd
mfhaIK lghq;= u;a lr'

57
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

Y%S ,xldf fjr< ;Srj, isreKq Lksc im;a tl;= lrk

wh l=vd yd uOH mudK ludka;lrejka f,i hqKq
lsug mshjr .kafk'
wjodku ysiska ordf.k m;,aj, jefvys fhfok
Y%lhkaf.a ; wdrCIdj i|yd fYaI jevms<sfj<la
ilia lrk w;r Tjqkg ; rCIK l%uhla ykajd
fokafk

l=vd jHdmdr ixjOk jevigyk

.Dy, l=vd iy uOH mudK ksIAmdok foaY fj<|fmd<g

fhduq lsu mok lrf.k chu ,xld jevigyk
l%shd;aul lr.
ldl ixjOk uKav,h jvd;a Yla;su;a lr fuu
jHdmdlhka i|yd wjYH mqyqKqj" ;dCIKh yd fj<|fmd<
f;dr;=re myiqfjka ,nd fok jevigykla l%shd;aul
lr'
Y%S ,xld wmkhk ixjOk uKav,h imQKfhkau
m%;sjHqy.; lr l=vd iy uOH mudK jHjidhlhskaf.a
ksIamdok cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd<g ksjerj fhduqlrk
jevigyfka kshuqjd njg m;a lr.
ishu rdcH nexl= yryd iyk fmd,shla iy m<uq jir
fol ;=< jdl wh fkdlrk fYaI ixjOk Kh fhdackd
l%uhla fuu fCIa;f
% ha Wkak;sh fjkqfjka l%h
s d;aul lr.
l=vd jHdmdlhkaf.a O wjYH;d bgqlsu i|yd
ia:dmkh lr we;s ishu rdcH wdh;k iy wod<
jHjidhlhkaf.a o ksfhdackh iys; cd;sl iNdjla msysgq
jkafk.
58

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

im%odhsl Wreufhka kQ;k fj<|fmd< ch.ekqu

jD; wd:lh ;=< fj<|fmd< jidf.k f;dfrdn,a fj<|du
me;sfrk g jvd;a wirK jQ im%odhsl yia; ludka;lrejkaf.a
ksIamdok f.da,ShlrKfha cd;Hka;r ksud;Djrekaf.a ksfjiaj,
w,xldrh msKsi ;nd we;s fyg ojila oelSu ug buy;a i;=gls tu
ksid im%odhsl ksIAmdok ludka;h cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< b,lal
lrka ixjOkh lrk jevigykla l%shd;aul lr.

cd;sl fudaia;r uOHia:dkh jHqyd;aulj yd .=Kd;aulj

fjkialr merKs im%odhdkql+, NdKav ksIamdokh lrk
.udk iu iDcqj inkaO lr
yia; ludka; fCIa;%fha rcfha uey;au ork m%Odk
wdh;khla jk ,lai, yryd fmr weKjq (Forward
Contract) ,nd u Tiafia foaYSh fj<|fmd< ia:djr lr'
ta i|yd pl%Sh wruqo,la wdrN fldg fuu wxYh flfrys
Wkkajla olajk ;reK ;reKshka cd;Hka;r
fj<|fmd<g wjYH Wiia ugf NdKav ksmou i|yd
wjYH uQ,H myiql ,nd ug mshjr .kafk
.%dh lDIs ksIamdokfha fhfok l=vd mudK f.dhdf.a,
jHjidhlhdf.a ksIamdok /ialsu iy fnod yeu i|yd
jhi 35 g wvq ;reK jHjidhlhka 25"000 la i|yd l=vd
f,d r:hla fyda ,g .ekSu i|yd iyk fmd<shla hgf;a
Kh uqo,la ,nd fokafk'
fuu jD;a;SkayS ksheKq jfhdajDoaO whg ms<sirK hhq;=
wjia:d ykd f.k jk ukdjla f.ug wjYH mshjr
.kafk

59
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

7 ixjOkffha ys M, .ug f.k hk ke.=u

ke.=fuka ,iaik k.rhla" iqms .ula
merKs iqkaor;ajh ims .u" fmd myiqlj,ska msreKq j;al we;s
ksiqkaf.a jk jdiia:dkh njg m;a lsu i|yd .uke.=u
jevigyfka isg ke.=u olajdu lghq;= lrkafka uu o .efhla
neks. k.rh w,xldr ;ekla njg m;a jkafka bka miqjh. wo uf.a
.f wh o b,a,d iskafka k.rhg iudk myiqlj,ska yd
msislka ims .uls.


.u ke.=u jevigyfka b,lalh jQfha ixj; iy

w,xldrj;a m%fY ud., msis jd c,iemhq ud.,
myiql ims fi!LHh uOHia:dkh, klrKh jQ
iuQmdldrh, is;
s s Whk uelr.;a fmr mdi,, w,xldrj;a
mdi, we;= fmd myiql ish,a,u iEu .ulgu ,nd
uhs.

ke.=u l%shd;aul jk ims .udk 25"000 jevigyfka

wruqK jkafka .uke.=fuka hqKq l< fmd myiql ims
.f j;ajk iEu mjq,lau fmdfydi;a lsuhs.

iEu mjq,lgu ia:r jy,la iys; ksjil whs;sh iy;sl

lrk w;r ta iEu ksjilgu wju jYfhka ,sh, msis
mdkSh c,h, u;a ikSmdrCIl myiql ,nd fokafk.

hqKq l< fi!LH uOHia:dkfha fi!LHh /ljrKh tu

.f fjfik iEu .eks ujlgu, orefjl=gu ,nd fok
w;r fmd m%jdyk fiajfha, keKi, wd fiajd
uOHia:dkj, fiajh iEu mjq,lu wod< idudlhskag wvq
ke;sj ,ndu wksjdh lr.
60

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

6 cd;sl lrudka; kHdh m;%h

lDIslufhka fukau ludka; wxYfhka o rg bhg .ekSu b
ih jir ;=< uf.a m%uqL b,lalhhs' ta i|yd rf wdlhg Wmdh
ud.sl jYfhka jeo.;a ludka; ykd .ekSug;a" tu ludka;
lrejkag we;s Odldr ndOd bj;a lr Tjqka .ekaug;a" /lshd
,laI ;=kla iy jfkdamdh wjia:d mka,laIhla f.dvkexu i|yd
wjYH cd;sl ludka; kHdh m;%hla ilia lr' Bg myiql
ie,iSu i|yd kj kS;suh rduqjla o ykajd fo' ta i|yd mQK
n,;, iys; ludka; ixjOk mk;la f.k tkafk'

nlrKh ;jrg;a ir, iy myiq lsu, rcfhka ,nd.;

hq;= ish wkque;Ska tlajy,la hg ,nd.ekSu iy ta
i|yd .;lrk ld, rduq ksYaph lsu, wuqjH imhd .ekSu
myiq lsu, udkj im;a l<ukdlrKh, mirhg
ixrCIKh, kj kqu iy kk ;dCIK Nd;h iy
wmkhk fj<|m< jdis wd ish fCIa;%hka fuu mk;ska
wdjrKh lr.
rdcH wdh;kj, .Kkfha m<uq uQ,Ouh h hq;af;a ;u
wdh;kj, fiajd fyda m%d.aOk iemhqu fld;r
ldhlaIuj cd;sl wruqK i|yd iM,odhS f,i fhdod
f.k we;a o hkakhs' ta ksid fuu wruqKq u; mokj iEu
wdh;khlu ixhqla; ie,iq 2015 isg w;ska ilia lsug
fhdackd lr'
uyd mudK lrudka; iy Wmdh ud.sl ludka;j,g
foaYSh fyda foaYSh nexl=j,ska m%d.aOk wdfhdack ,nd
.ekSug yels jk m iq/l= j.lSm;a yd nelr ksl=;a
lsu i|yd wmkhk nexl= l%uh hgf;a l%shd;aul lr'

49
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

lrudka;lrKh i|yd wjYH jHqyhka ixjOk wfmalI

a djg
wkql+, lru i|yd mj;sk kS;s wKmk;aj, fjkial
we;s lr'
ludka;lrKhg fhduq isk fndfyda fokdf.a
ueis,a, k ljr myiql rcfhka ,nd kak o tu fiajd
,nd.ekSug hdf udi .Kkla m%udo jk njhs' tneka
tla jy,la hgf;a ish wkque;Ska ,nd .ekSug fukau
wod< l%ufo ,sys,a lsug;a wjYH oe mshjr fkdmudj
.;af;'

uyd mudK lrudka;lrKhg wkqn,

ixpdrl ludka;h
f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a ;ju;a oreKq ;%ia;jdofhka .sks .kakd g
iy fndfyda rgj,a wdr:l jYfhka lvd je isk g iajNdj
fi!kaofha wish ksid o w;a Y%S ,xldj ;=< f.dvkef.k m%Ndu;a
ixjOkh ksid o ixpdrl ludka;h cd;sl wd:lfha by<u
ia:dkhla w;am;a lr .kq we;'

mq,ajk ixpdrl ludka;hg m%udKj;a fydag,a ldur

80"000 la f.dvke.Sug wjYH ishu iyh ,ndfuka
,xldf fydag,a lrudka;h wka;rcd;sl ugug Tijd
;n' ta weiqfrka ixpdrlhka i|yd wjYH wfkl=;a fiajd
iemhSu ;=<ska jfkdamdh wjia:d 100"000 muK f.dv
kef.kq we;'
l,amsh, l=pf,s, hd, iy mdisl=vd hk m%foaY uqyq l%Svd
mok lr.;a fjr< ixpdrl ludka;hg .e<fmk
myiqlj,ska hqla;j hqKq lr.
50

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

lDIs ixpdrl ludka;h" mir f,da,S ixpdrl ludka;h"

jkdka;r ,e ixpdrl ludka;h ixjrOkh lsu i|yd
;reK jHjidhlhska iy jD;a;slhska u;a lr'
;reK ixpdrlhskaf.a is;a ne| .kakd ;%dickl l%Svd
wjia:d by< kexug mshjr .kafk'
wfma rgg mefKk ixpdrlhkag wmg wdfKsl
wd.ka;=l i;aldrfhka ie,lSu ;=<ska ,xldf
lS;skduh f,dj mqrd m%p,s; lrk jevigykla l%shdjg
kxj'
ldnksl wdydr" foaYSh wdydr yd mdk j. wdhg
ixpdrlhkag imhk l=vd jHdmdlhka remsh,a 500,000
l iyk Kh uqo,la ,nd fuka u;a lr'
wu;a f,i ixpdrlhkag fiajd imhkakka yg u;a
mqyqKqjla ,nd fokafk'
foaYSh ffjoH fiajd iemhSu uq,alr .;a ixpdrl
jHdmdrhla iqfYaIS f,i rgmqrd m%p,s; lsu i|yd foaYSh
ffjoHjreka u;a lrkafk' ta i|yd iyk iemhSf iy
kshdukh lsf hdka;%Khla ilia lr'

bls ludka; ms<sfj;

foaYSh bls ludka;h oekg ,nd we;s ch.%yKhka

bhg mj;ajdf.k hdu yd m%jOkh lsu i|yd kj
bls ixjOk mk; hgf;a ish fiajdodhlhska"
jD;a;slhska blslrejka yd bls Ys,amSkaf.a mQK
odhl;ajh ,nd.ekSf cd;sl bls l%shdms<sfj;la
ksudKh lr'
51

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

l,dmfha wka rgj,a wNsnjd bhg hdug wjYH wNsfhda.

ch.ekSu i|yd foaYSh bls ludka; m%;sm;a;shla
m%ldYhg m;a lr'
fuu ludka;fha fiajfha fhfok ,CI 6 lg muK
wdikak ishu Ys,amSh fY%aKSka i|yd u;a mqyqKqjla ,nd
ug;a Tjqkaf.a jk ugu Wiia lsug;a Tjqkg ksis
iudc ms<s.ekSu w;am;a lrug;a uydNsudks cd;sl Y%du
iqnidOk iy rlaIK jevigyk ykajd ug;a wfmaCId
lr'
bls Ys,amSkag foaY /lshd wjia:d ,nd u i|yd fYaI
jevms<sfj<la l%shd;aul lr'
bls ludka;h i|yd wjYH wuqjHh Wiia m%;shlska
hq;=j ksIamdokh lsu i|yd wjYH m%;Ska ykajd
fokafk'
cd;sl bls f;dr;=re cd,hla ksudKh lr'

we ludka;fha yerjqula

;;ajfhka Wiia we by< mdfNda.sl fj<|fmd<

i|yd ksmoug;a w;a cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< fidhd
hdug;a we. ludka;Yd,d yshkag rcfha mQK
wkq.%yh ,nd fokafk.
fi!LHh fCIa;%fha Nd;hg .kq ,nk ish frms<s
(Medical Textiles) ksIamdok iy O ldhhka i|yd
fhdod .kakd iqfYAI frms<s (GeoTextiles) ksIamdok
ludka;h Y%S ,xldf we ludka;hg ykajd
52

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

fokafk. tu ludka;fha m%jOkh i|yd wjYH ish

myiql rch u.ska ,ndu iy;sl lr.

uvl,mq ia;%slalfha foaYSh frms<s ksIamdok ludka;h

kQ;k ;dCIKfhka hqla;j hqKq lsug ;reK
jHjidhlhkag wjYH m%d.aOkh yd oekqu ,nd ug lghq;=
lr.

Wmdh ud.sl ludka; moaO;shla

jdIslj foaY rgj,g we hk kuq;a" wmsg ksIamdokh

lr.; yels" foaYSh ksIamdok mok lr.;a ludka;
moaO;shla ia:dmkh lr' tjeks ludka; rdcH
wkq.%yfhka yd rf by< fm!oa.,sl ludka;lrejkaf.a
odhl;ajfhka f.dv k.'
fldgia fj<|fmdf<a by<skau isk iud. 200 o we;=j
wm rf by<u jHdmdlhka iEu m%dfoaYSh f,al
fldGdihlu tla ne.ska w.h tlalsf ludka; iy
foaYSh wuqjH wdY%s; ludka; we;= ludka; Yd,d 325
la wdrN lsug wdrdOkd lr. ta i|yd Tjqkg wjYH
myiql yd ukd ish,a, imh.
fuu jevigyk hgf;a ;ukaf.au jk m%foaY ;=< isgu
l< yels /lshd 100"000 la ksudKh lr.
cd;sl ludka; moaO;sh ;=< kj kqu iy foaYSh kj
fidhd.ekS jv jvd;a .ekau i|yd ;dCIKsl
mfhaIK oHd.dr moaO;shla rg mqrd YajoHd, wdY%s;j
msysgqj.
53

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

O oHd{hska mfhaIlhka tjeks kj fidhd .ekS iy

mfhaIK iy ixjOk lghq;= i|yd fm<Uu i|yd
cd;sl mfhaIK iy ixjOk wruqo,la msysgqj' tu
wruqo, u.ska ludka;lrejkag iy mfhaIlhkag wjYH
uq,H iyh ,nd ug lghq;= lr'

iSks ludka;h
kj Wmdhud.sl mk; hgf;a rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl yjq,a wdfhdack
ludka;hla f,i iSks ludka;h ixjOkh lr' 2020 jk g
,xldf iSks wjYH;dj foaYShj imQK lsug wjYH ie,eiau
oekgu;a ilia lr we;af;'

mj;sk iSks iud. i;= j.d l< yels imQK N+fhkau

Wla j.dj ixjOkh lsfuka foaYSh iSks ksIamdokhka 40]
olajd by< kxj'
me,aj;a;" fijK., yd ys=rdK ludka;Yd,d
imQKfhkau klrKh lr' tu m%foaYj, oekg
fylaghdrhlska ,efnk wiajekak fu%la fgdka 100 olajd
jOkh lsug wjYH w m<|d c j. iy kQ;k j.d
l%u m%p,s; lr'
wkqrdOmqrh" jkshdj" uvl,mqj" uq,;s" ukakdru iy
, hk m%foaYj, fylaghd 120"000 w;ska Wla j.djg
tl;= lr' tu iEu m%foaYhlu w;s kk ludka; Yd,d
moaO;shla wdrN lr'
fuu w;a ludka;Yd,d weiqfrka Rcq /lshd 25"000 la
we;s lr Bg wu;rj oekg mj;sk lDIslufhka ksis M,
fkd,nk tu m%foaYj, f.dka weiqfrka w;a Wla j.d
54

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

mka;shla f.dv k.' wju jYfhka m%foaYfha f.d mjq,a

100"000 lg w;sfl jfkdamdh ud. Wod jkq we;'

iSks ksIamdokfha w;sflhla jk t;fkda,a u;ameka i|yd

fkdj bkaOk uqij
q la f,i Nd; lsug wjYH l%fudamdhka
ilia lr'
ldfnda" lvodis iy ma,diala weiqfrka w;=re ksIamdok
.Kkdjla rg ;=< f.dv k.'
iSks ludka; Yd,d weiqfrka mqkckkSh n,Yla;s
ksIamdokh cd;sl ,sn, moaO;shg tl;= lr'

ls ludka;h - Oj, ma,jh

> ld,hla ;siafia foaYSh ls ludka;hg l=vudf.a ie,ls,s
,efuka |je ;snqKq foaYSh ls ksIamdok ludka;h ;=< ma,h
fjkila lrka foaYSh ls ksIamdokh 13% isg 40% olajd jOkh
lsug yelsu wm ,enQ YsIag ch.%Khls' tuska ,;a wd;au
ffOhfhka hqla;j 2020 Y%S ,xldf ls ksIamdokfhka
iajhxfmdaIs; lr'

oekg ,xldf ls t<fokqka ,laI 12 la isk nj jd;d

we;;a Bg idfmalaI ls ksIamdokhla is jk nj nj uu
fkdols' Bg fya;=j hr ls tl;= lsf fyda wf<
lsf ksis l%ufohla rg mqrd jHdma; fkdjk neka rg
mqrd me;=reKq ls tl;= lsf cd,hla iy .nvdlrK
uOHia:dk iuQyhla ia:dmkh lr'
iEu m<d;lgu tl ne.ska m%Odk ls wdY%;
s lrudka; Yd,d
9 la wdrN lr'
55

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

tu ldudka; Yd,dj, ls ksIamdok wod< m<df;a kka

wf, lsf l%ufohla ykajd fokafk' tuska
ksIamdok wf, lsu m%jOkh lr'
m%Odk ms ls ksIamdok ludka; Yd,d 4 la msysgqj'
tuska wdkhksl ms ls iu ;r. lsug ji fika
f;dr foaYSh ms ls ludka;hg yels jkq we;'

uOH mudK mdIdK ludka; moaO;shla

fndfyda fokd l,amkd lrkafka f,dalfha we;s jkdu N+.; im;a
jkafka r;a;rka, huka;s iy Lksc f;,a muKla njhs' wfma rf
fndfyda fokd o ;ju;a miqjkafka tu ml,amkfhau nj uf.a
yeSuhs' tuksid wmg Wreu we;s ueKsla b,aukhs ksrka, is,sld,
ys.,a jeks N+.; im;aj,ska wm ;ju;a ksisM, fk<df.k ke;s
nj uu oks' tneka mir moaO;sh o wdrCId jk m oe
md,khla hgf;a cd;sl mdIdK ludka; ixjOk jevigykla
wdrN lr

ueKsla ludka;h

ks,a ueKsla i|yd cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a wm kd we;s

lS;skduh mok lrf.k ,xldj f,dalfha wxl tfla
ks,aueKsla fj<| uOHia:dkh njg m;a lr
f,dj m%uqL fmf<a ueKsla iy iajKdNrK
wmkhklrejka wdlrIKh lr.ekSfuka ,xldj ueKsla
ludka;fha m%uqL rgla njg m;alr
kk oHq;a ;dm msh lsf ;dCIKh furgg ykajd
f.jqv iy l=rekao ueKsla i|yd w.h tla lsfuka fuu
56

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

fCIa;%fha kshef<kakkag w;a jHdmdl fodrgqjla jD;

lr

;ju;a wfma rf Nd; fkdjk w;dCIKsl iQCIu

lemq ;dCIKh (Precision Cutting) furgg ykajd
.ere jfha jemqru we;s jkdlfuka wvq l=vd
ueKslaj,g w.h tla lsfuka by< wdodhula Wmhd
.ekSug wjia:dj Wodlr
ueKsla ludka;hg inkaO l=vd jHjidhlhskaf.a
wdodhu by< kexu i|yd r ueKsla ksIamdok jOkh
lr ta i|yd foaY fj<|fmd< jD; lr fokafk

hqKqf fkdgq im;

wm i;= ksrka" fmdiafma" hlv" hmia" Lksc f;,a,

iajNdl .Eia iy Lksc je,s hk im;aj, ksisM,
fk<d.ekSu i|yd;a w.h tl;= l< ks ludka; yslsu
i|yd;a cd;sl ;srir Lksc im;a ludka; m%;sm;a;shla
ilia lr'
tmamdj, fmdiafma ksh jeks im;aj,ska foaYSh
f.d;efka yd je,s ludka;fha wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug
wjYH frdla fmdiafma" isx.,a iqm fmdiafma iy %m,a
iqm fmdiafma" ksmou kQ;k ;dlaIKhka uqiq
ludka;hla f,i ixjOkh lr'
fuu ludka; i|yd j ;dCIKh" kefkda ;dCIKh"
oHq;a ;dCIKh" frdfnda ;dCIKh" f;dr;=re yd wNHjldY
;dCIKh wdh Nd;fhka ksIAmdok Od;dj kexu i|yd
mfhaIK lghq;= u;a lr'

57
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

Y%S ,xldf fjr< ;Srj, isreKq Lksc im;a tl;= lrk

wh l=vd yd uOH mudK ludka;lrejka f,i hqKq
lsug mshjr .kafk'
wjodku ysiska ordf.k m;,aj, jefvys fhfok
Y%lhkaf.a ; wdrCIdj i|yd fYaI jevms<sfj<la
ilia lrk w;r Tjqkg ; rCIK l%uhla ykajd
fokafk

l=vd jHdmdr ixjOk jevigyk

.Dy, l=vd iy uOH mudK ksIAmdok foaY fj<|fmd<g

fhduq lsu mok lrf.k chu ,xld jevigyk
l%shd;aul lr.
ldl ixjOk uKav,h jvd;a Yla;su;a lr fuu
jHdmdlhka i|yd wjYH mqyqKqj" ;dCIKh yd fj<|fmd<
f;dr;=re myiqfjka ,nd fok jevigykla l%shd;aul
lr'
Y%S ,xld wmkhk ixjOk uKav,h imQKfhkau
m%;sjHqy.; lr l=vd iy uOH mudK jHjidhlhskaf.a
ksIamdok cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd<g ksjerj fhduqlrk
jevigyfka kshuqjd njg m;a lr.
ishu rdcH nexl= yryd iyk fmd,shla iy m<uq jir
fol ;=< jdl wh fkdlrk fYaI ixjOk Kh fhdackd
l%uhla fuu fCIa;f
% ha Wkak;sh fjkqfjka l%h
s d;aul lr.
l=vd jHdmdlhkaf.a O wjYH;d bgqlsu i|yd
ia:dmkh lr we;s ishu rdcH wdh;k iy wod<
jHjidhlhkaf.a o ksfhdackh iys; cd;sl iNdjla msysgq
jkafk.
58

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

im%odhsl Wreufhka kQ;k fj<|fmd< ch.ekqu

jD; wd:lh ;=< fj<|fmd< jidf.k f;dfrdn,a fj<|du
me;sfrk g jvd;a wirK jQ im%odhsl yia; ludka;lrejkaf.a
ksIamdok f.da,ShlrKfha cd;Hka;r ksud;Djrekaf.a ksfjiaj,
w,xldrh msKsi ;nd we;s fyg ojila oelSu ug buy;a i;=gls tu
ksid im%odhsl ksIAmdok ludka;h cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< b,lal
lrka ixjOkh lrk jevigykla l%shd;aul lr.

cd;sl fudaia;r uOHia:dkh jHqyd;aulj yd .=Kd;aulj

fjkialr merKs im%odhdkql+, NdKav ksIamdokh lrk
.udk iu iDcqj inkaO lr
yia; ludka; fCIa;%fha rcfha uey;au ork m%Odk
wdh;khla jk ,lai, yryd fmr weKjq (Forward
Contract) ,nd u Tiafia foaYSh fj<|fmd< ia:djr lr'
ta i|yd pl%Sh wruqo,la wdrN fldg fuu wxYh flfrys
Wkkajla olajk ;reK ;reKshka cd;Hka;r
fj<|fmd<g wjYH Wiia ugf NdKav ksmou i|yd
wjYH uQ,H myiql ,nd ug mshjr .kafk
.%dh lDIs ksIamdokfha fhfok l=vd mudK f.dhdf.a,
jHjidhlhdf.a ksIamdok /ialsu iy fnod yeu i|yd
jhi 35 g wvq ;reK jHjidhlhka 25"000 la i|yd l=vd
f,d r:hla fyda ,g .ekSu i|yd iyk fmd<shla hgf;a
Kh uqo,la ,nd fokafk'
fuu jD;a;SkayS ksheKq jfhdajDoaO whg ms<sirK hhq;=
wjia:d ykd f.k jk ukdjla f.ug wjYH mshjr
.kafk

59
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


jhi 18 jQ miqj yeKqm; muKla fkdj Nd. iy;sl

we;= fmdf rcfhka iemfhk fiajd ksjigu ,ef
l%uhla ilia lr'

iEu .ulu orejkag l%Svdf fhug wx.imQK iss;s

Whkla o blr'

lsis ksjil n;la fkdbfok ojila ;sfnkakg uu bv

fkdye' ta i|yd mjqf,a tla idudlfhl=g fyda
/lshdjla fyda ia:r wdodhula iy;sl lr' ta nj iy;sl
lsu i|yd kS;suh rduqjla o ilia lr'

ta ta .udkj,g wod< idm%odhsl ludka; h<s mqkjk

lrk w;r tu ludka;j, kshe<Sug wjYH , uqo,a
ke.=u nexl=fjka fmd<S rys;j iy wju fmd<shlg ,nd
fokafk'

ldka;d jHjidhl;ajhg uq,a;ek ,ndfok w;r Tjqkg

.DydY%S;j fhh yels u,a j.dj, me< ;jdka oeu, t<j
m<;=re wdY%s; ksIamdok, foaYSh wdydr ksIamdok, i;aj
md,kh fyda fjk;a iajhx /lshdjl fhug wjYH oekqu
iy mqyqKqj ke.=u ks,Odkaf.a u.fmkau hgf;a ,nd
fokafk.

iEu ;reK ;reKshlgu ksjfha isg ks;sm;d uqo,a bmhsh

yels Ok ckkS wka;cd, jevigyk ykajd fokafk.
wka;cd,h yryd O fiajdjka iemhsh yels msia
,shdmx lr tlS fiajd wjYH;d we;s msia wod< fiajd
ksjfia isgu ,ndfuka wju jYfhka uilg remsh,a
25,000 jvd Wmhd .ekSug yels ;;ajhla Wod
lr.

61
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


foaY.; ujreka orejka, fYaI wjYH;d we;s orejka,

|jegqKq mjq,aj, fyda jeysfhl=f.a ksis /ljrK
fkd,nk orejka wd /ljrKh wjeis orejka i|yd iEu
.ulu ims im;a uOHia:dkhla wdrN lr.

Y%du iqjfha miqjk fogq mqrjeishkag iy /ljrKh wys

jeyshka i|yd o tlS uOHia:dkj,u jdiqj fmfoila
fjkalr. km;d mqj;am;a, nK oy fmd;a, ieye,a l%Svd
NdKav, od" ler" fpia jeks .Dyia; l%Svd WmlrK iy
jHdhdu WmlrK tu uOHia:dkj,g imhkafk' fujeks
uOHia:dk f.dvke.Sf wd.l ia:dk uq,alr .ekSug
Wmfoia fo'

wd.l iy iyjk ixjOkh jevigyka u.ska u;ska

fuka Kq .ula" ldka;d <ud ysxikfhka f;dr .ula"
wmrdOj,ska f;dr .ula f.dvke.Sug lghq;= lr'

msis mirh" rlaIs; bv iy jk frdo wdrCId lsu"

ldnksl fmdfydr Nd;h" li< l<uKdlrKh" rela
frdamKh ck ;fha wksjdh fldgila njg m;a lr'

cd;sl;aj fyda l=, moku fyda fjk;a iudh lreKq

mok lrf.k lsisfjl=g;a fuu m%;s,dN wys ug bv
fkd;n'

msmqka jfkdamd ixjOk jevigyk

rf wd:l meje;au i|yd Yd, odhl;ajhla imhk fmofrejd,
jvqldlhd, ixpdrl fj<|df fhfokakd, fmd,a .ia k.skakd
jeks Ofiajd imhkakka iy km;d l=,S moku u; fiajd
imhkakka jeks Yd, msilg ;ju;a wfma iudcfha iudk

62
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

ms<s.ekSula fkdue;s nj uu ms<s.kafk. Tjqkg iudk iudc

jkdlula ,ndfok msmqka jfkdamd ixjOkh jevigykla
l%shd;aul lr.


fkdu;a /lshd lrkakka .ek fidhd ne,Su i`oyd

fkdu;a /lshd ldhdxYhla msysgqj. ta hgf;a wod<
/lshdj, fhfokakka ,shdmx lr yeKqm;la ksl=;a
lr.

Tjqkg jD;a;sh mqyqKqj, f;dr;=re ixksfok yelshdj,

;dCIKsl Nd;h hqKq lsu, .skqlrKh iy nexl=
lghq;= ms<sn|j ksis mqyqKqjla ,nd fok w;r iudc oekqu
hqKq lr.ekSu i|yd we;s bv m%ia:do mq,a lr.

l=vd f,d r:hla fyda fudagihsl,hla" jD;a;shg wod<

WmlrK yd fuj, iyk ,g ,nd ug lghq;= lr'

ksjil fyda ldhd,hl blsula fyda w;ajehdjla we;s

g wka;cd,h yryd wod< fiajd imhkakka ykd f.k
jefvys iajNdjh wkqj f. tl;d we;slr .ekSug yd
w;a;sldr uqo,a f.ug wka;cd,h yrydu myiql
iemfhkq we;' wk;=rej ;ukaf.au f,dhlska wod<
wuqjH" WmlrK iy fiajlhka o iu wod< ia:dkhg
f.dia blsu imQK lsug wod< Ys,amshdg yelshdj
ie,fikq we;' fuu.ska fiajd,dNshdg ;u ld,h b;sjk
w;r fiajd imhkakdg by< iudc jkdlula ie,fikq
we;.

fuu w;a jHjidhlhskag WmlrK iy fuj, m%%jdykh

lsug wjYH l=vd f,d r:hla iyk <g ,nd ug
lghq;= lr'

63
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

iajhx /lshd wdrCIK jevigyk



rg mqrd fjfik ish iajhx /lshd,dNSkaf.a /ljrKh

i|yd
iajhx
/lshd
ldhdxYhla
ke.=u
fomd;fka;=j hgf;a msysgqj.

.%dhj fyda kd.lj iajhx /lshdj, fhfok ish

fokdgu we;sjk tfkod w;udre wjYH;d imQK lr
.ekSu i|yd w;a nexl= l%uhla ykajd fokafk. ta
hgf;a jirlg je ld,hla remsh,a 20 isg 500 olajd jk
ffoksl wdfhdack .sKqula mj;ajdf.k hkafkl=g wem
iy fmd<S rys;j udihl ld,hla i|yd .sKqf we;s uqo,
fuka ;=ka.=Khl wdfhdack Khla ,nd fokafk.

kQ;k oekqu weiqka ;u /lshdj ixjOkh lr.ekSug

ula jYfhka Keki< u.ska fkdf,a m.Kl idCIr;d
mqyqKqjla ,nd fokafk.

kd.l iajhx/lshd,dNSkag ;u ksIamdok w,lr .ekSu

i|yd wjYH ia:dkhla iEu k.rhlskau ,nd fokafk' ta
i|yd widOdrK n uqo,a wh fkdlsug m<d;a md,k
wdh;kj,g Wmfoia fo'

;%Sfrdao r:" nc gelais" mdi,a jEka r:" ixpdrl m%jdyk

r: wd ish fm!oa.,sl m%jdyk wxY fm!oa.,sl m%jdyk
wud;HdxYfha wlaIKh hg;g m;a lr'

m%jdyk ldhfha ljo;a mam;df.a ys;j;d ;%Sfrdao r:h

nj uu fyd|dldrju oks udkqIsl fufyhqu mj;soa
rKrefjda rg rlsoa ;%Sfrdao r: kshuqfjda k.r wdrCId
lsug jd ? lemjqKq ye uu lsisod wu;l fkdlr
tneka Tjqka ks;r uqyqK mdk yis uqo,a wjYH;d imqrd
64

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

.ekSu i|yd rdcH Wlia yd wdfhdack nexl=j yryd

h kka w;a b;=re l%uhla iy remsh,a 50"000 olajd
wem rys; 6] fmd<sfhka Kh l%uhla ykajd fokafk
tfiau wjqre 20 lska f.jd ksu l< yels ,CI mkyla
olajd ksjdi Khla wvq fmd<S wkqmd;hla hgf;a ,nd
fokafk


l,an l%uhg ;%Sfrdao r: ,nd.ekSfuka miq jdlhla

ys;su jeks lreKq fkdi,ld ksis f,djg wdodh
n,m;% iy rCIK lghq;= lr.ekSug we;s ;sfnk
m%dfhda.sl .eg iug l%shd lr'

ixpdrl wdjrK l,dmhkaj, fiajd imhk ;%Sfrdao r:

kshuqjkaf.a NdId yelshdj iy wksl=;a jD;a;Sh yelshdjka
m%jOkh i|yd fkdf,a u;a mqyqKqjla ,nd Tjqkf.a
iudh ugu by< kxjd .ekSug o bv i,iaj'

ke.=u fomd;fka;=f iudc wdrCIK wxYh u.ska

fm!oa.,sl nia r:" f,d, ;%Sfrdao r:, nc gelais, mdi,a
jEka r: iy ixpdrl m%jdyk wd ish fCIa;%j, hreka
i|yd fi!LH rCIK l%hla yd Y%du jegqma l%uhla l%shdjg
kxj

65
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

8 cd;sl fm!reI;aj wOHdmkhla

rgl wNsudkSh meje;au hkq tu rf NdIdj u; mok jQ idr
moaO;Skaf.a yrh Wrd.;a cd;sl fm!reIhhs. weuldkq" cmka, k,
bkahdkq wd jYfhka yekafjkafka tu rgj, N+f.da,Sh;ajh fyda
ckjd.sl;ajhkag tyd .sh cd;sl fm!reI wkkH;djhs. ;siajirl
hqoaOh iska wfmka Wrd bj; fy<d we;af;a;a f cd;sl
fm!reI;ajhu hehs uu Yajdi lr. f.da,ShlrK l%shdj,sh Kq
cd;sl fm!reIhka hglrf.k tl msf bhg wefoka ;sf. tu
ksid wo wmg Wjukd lrkafka wfhdauh fm!reIhlska hq;a
cd;sl;ajhls' ta i|yd wo Wmk mrmrdjg ft;sydisl Wreuhka yd
jkdlj,ska ims kQ;k;ajh ;=<ska cd;Hka;rh ch.; yels
wOHdmk l%uhla w;HdjYH nj uu oefia Yajdi lr.


ish mCI ksfhda;hkaf.ka iuka; md,sfka;= f;a

ldrl iNdj iska iu; lr we;s kj wOHdmk mk;
fuu jif isg l%shdjg kxj.

fuu mkf;ys wruqK rg bfha ;nk oejeka; ixjOk

wfmalaIdjg b,lal.; jk wdldrhg oekqfuka yd
mqyqKqfjka ims W.;a mrmqrla f.dvk.d .ekSuhs'

fmr mdif,a fmr<sh

cd;sl fm!reI jOkfha iqn fudfyd; werfUkafka fmr mdif,ks.
tu ksid fmr mdi,a wOHdmkh .ek uu b;d l,amkdld fj.


iEu orefjl=gu fmr mdi,a wOHdmk whs;sh wksjdh

lr.

66
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


oekgu;a ilialr we;s fmr <udh cd;sl wOHdmkh

m%;m
s ;a;h
s kej; ish
q j mCId lr n,d fkdmudj l%h
s djg
kxj.

mdi,g fmr mdi,la ixl,amh hgf;a iEu mdi,lgu

inkaO fmr mdi,la ta wdikakfhau wdrN lr. tu
fmr mdi,g wjYH im;a iy iydhl fiajd wod<
mdif,ka ,nd ug lghq;= lr.

wOHdmk wud;HdxYh hgf;a fmr mdi,a mqyqKq

wdh;khla wdrN lr. tu.ska iEu fmr mdi,a
.=rejhlgu wjYH kQ;k fmr mdi,a wOHdmk mqyqKqj
,nd fokafk.

ieug iu keK jr


m%d:l mx;s meje;afjk ,xldf uq mdi,a ixLHdj 10000

la olajd jOkh lr.

.f orejkag;a w.%.KH mdi,la ys lr fok uyskafodaoh

oa;Sl mdi,a 1000 fia lghq;= 2016 jk imQK lr'

uyskafodaoh fmdaIs; mdi,a ixl,amh hgf;a mdi,a 5000

la wx. imQK mdi,a njg m;a lr.

w;ayer oud ;snQ .f mdi, c,h" ,sh" ikSmdrCIl

myiql" we;= ishu fN!;sl myiqlj,ska iuka;
<ud ;=re mdi,la njg m;a lsu hgf;a 2016 ishu
m%d:l mdi,a <ud ;=re mdi,a njg m;a lr.

idudkH fm< olajd mx;s we;s iEu mdi,lgu oHd.drhla

,nd fok w;r oHd IhOdrdj iys; mdi,a ixLHdj 1000
olajd je lr'
67

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


iEu m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdihlgu tl ne.ska oHd"

jdksc, l,d yd ;dCIK mdGud,djkaf.ka iuka;
wx.imQK uyskafodaoh oa;Shsl mdi,a jevigyk hgf;a
oekgu;a mdi,a 100 la wdrN lr we;s w;r 2016 tu
wruqK o imQK lr. m%udKd;aul f,i v NdId udOH
mdi,a o fuu jevigyk hgf;a wdrN lr.

2020 jk g iEu ia;%slalhlgu tl ne.ska iqms cd;sl

mdi,a 25 la wdrN lr. 2015 kqjrt<sfhka fuu
jevigyk wdrN lr.

.Ks;h mjqr | oeu

ljr fyda fya;=jla ksid fldmuK Wmdh ud. fhj o wfma
orejkaf.ka wvla muK ;ju;a .Ks; Ihg iu;al olajkafka
ke;. tneka tjeks orejkaf.a jk ixjOkhg lsis ndOdjla we;s
fkdjkq msKsi wjYH mshjr l%shd;aul lr.


Ih ksfoaYh, b.ekaf l%u, .=rejrekaf.a wdl,am

iy kQ;k b.eka l%u ms<sn| oekqj;alu, orejka flfrys
n,mdk ufkda iud fya;= wd lreKq ms<sn| > f,i
fidhd n,d fuu .egjg ;sridr iula fiu msKsi
ckdm;s f,aljrhdf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka hq;a ckdm;s
fldiula m;a lr.

Wiia fm< IhOdrdj yeoEu i|yd iqiql we;s kuq;a

.Ks;h wiu;a isiqkag ;dCIKsl IhOrdj fyda l,d
IhOdrj yeoEu i|yd wjia:dj i,id fokafk'

68
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


Ihka yhla iu;a" .Ks;h wiu;a isiqkag jir folla ;=<

iu;a lrf moku u; Wiia fm< yeoEug wjia:dj
i,ik w;r tlS fojir ;=< .Ks;h iu;a lsu i|yd
fYaI mx;s meje;aug lghq;= lrkq we;.

ft;sydisl oekq ma,jh

;dCIK Ih Wiia fm< Ih oyrdjg tla lsu wkd.;h Wfoid
wfma rch ;enQ fft;sydislu mshjr f,i kl b;sydifha rka
wl=frka ,shfjkq we;s nj uu oej Yajdi lr. ulaksido tuska
YajoHd,hg hdug fkdyelsj Wiia wOHdmkh wys fuka iqiq
fyE oefha jd orejkag tu wjia:dj;a /lshdj;a hk folu
imQK jk neks.


;dCIKsl Ihodrdj yodrk iEu isiqfjl=gu cd;sl

jD;a;Sh iqiql iy;slhla (NVQ) ysjkq we;. tu
iy;slh Wiia wOHdmkhg fhduqug wlue;s iEu
isiqfjl=f.au /lshd fodrgqj m%fY m;%h o jkq we;.

iEu ia;%slalhlgu tl ne.ska YajoHd, oHdh;k 25laa

wdrN lr. 2015 Wiia fm< iu;a YajoHd, m%fYh
fkd,nk isiqka 7500 lg 2016 tu oHd wdh;kj,g
n|jd .kafk.

uyskafodaoh ;dCIKsl YsIH;aj wruqo,ska ;dCIKsl wOHhk

mdGud<dj yodrk wd:l Ialr;d we;s orejkag uilg
remsh,a 1000 l YsIH;aj uqo,la ,nd fokafk. jhsfka
iEu mdi,lu f;dr;=re ikaksfok ;dCIKh b.ekaug
mshjr .kafk.

69
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

fYaIs; wjYH;d we;s orejkag fYaIhs



fYAI wjYH;d we;s orejkaf.aa wOHdmkfha whs;sh iy;sl

lsu i|yd wx. imQK im;a uOHia:dkhla fld<U
msysgqj.

tu orejka i|yd fYaI ls;ail uOHia:dkhla iEu

wOHdmk fldGdihlgu tl ne.ska wdrN lr.

b yh jir ;=< rcfha mdi,a 500l fYAI wjYH;d we;s

orejka im;a uOHia:dk msysgqj.

ishu Ih fm< fmd;a f%,a NdIdjg mj;kh lr oDIH

iy Y%jKdnd; orejka i|yd wejeis Y%jH oDIH WmlrK
ish,a, fkdf,a ,nd ug lghq;= lr.

tlS mdi,aj, fkajdisl isiqkf.a udisl ukdj remsh,a 500

olajd je lr.

mei, orejka <g



fld<U f wdhd <ud frdayf,a iy uyr.u ms<sld

frdayf,a >ld,Skj m%;sldr ,nk orejkag wLKavj
wOHdmkh ,nd ka mei,a myiql" tjeks orejka we;s msg
m,d;aj, frday,aj,g o fi!LH wud;HdxYfha b,a,Su wkqj
,nd fokafk.

udj;ajdiS orejkag yhy;r lshdu i|yd cx.u nia

mdi,la ykajd fokafk. Tjqka isk ia:dkj,g f.dia
nia mdi,g f.dv lrf.k ksh; meh .Kk uQ,sl
wOHdmkh" m.Kl oekqu iy oEf;a ludka;hla i|yd
jk oekqu ,nd fokafk.
70

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


T;am,j weug fkdyelsj isk orejka mdi,a fj;

/f.k taug foumshka k l uu oks. Tjqkaf.a
fokdj wju lsu i|yd tjeks orejka isk ksfjiaj,u
f.dia Tjqkg wOHdmkh ,ndu i|yd .udk 5 lg tla
;reKsh ne.ska f;dardf.k Tjqkag wjYH mqyqKqj ,nd
fokafk. wod< iqiql iemsfuka miqj tu ;reKshka
o .=re iydhl ;k;=rg wkqhqla; lr.

ioy iq/l= wOHdmk



iuia: wdishdjgu oekqu me;srE uyydr jxYfha Wreuh

wkd.; ix> mS;D mrmqrg odho lrKq jia mfkdm;s
iajdka jykafia,df.a uyd if,kfha ufj; bm;a
l< fhdackd weiqfrka cd;sl msfjka m%{dma;shla ilia
lr.

ta hgf;a msfjka ixjOk uKav,hla iy msfjka

ixjOk wruqo,la o ia:dmkh lr'

msfjkaj, iy Wiia wOHdmkh ,nk ;reK iajdka

jykafia,dg uilg remsh,a 2500 l ioy iq/l= YsIH;aj
uqo,la ,nd fokafk. ta i|yd uyfmd< YsIH;aj wruqo,g
iudk wruqo,la we;s lr'

wyi iuqr ch .kakd Wiia mrmqr

wfma YjoHd,j, wOHdmk l%uh fndfyda rg iuka; we;af;a
im%odhsl ngysr wdlD;sh wkqj nj YajoHd,hl fiajh lr we;s
ksidu uu o okafk. wo wfma rg ,nd we;s ixjOkh iy tys O
fCIa;%j, me;sug wkqj tu fCIa;%j,g wod< WmdOdka iy

71
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

oekqj;a jD;a;Slhkaf.a yslu oeka wmg we;s m%Odk .egjls. tu

ksid wfma rf ixjOkh bhg f.khdug wjeis nqoau;=ka wfma
rfgkau ksIamdokh lr .ekSu i|yd YajoHd, wOHdmk l%ufha
mq,a m%;sixialrKhla we;s lsug uu fhdackd lr.


tlS wruqK i|yd mj;sk YajoHd, mq,a lr 2020 jk

g jirlg isiqka 100,000 lg YajoHd, jr ,nd ug
lghq;= lr.

Wiia fm< iu;a ish isiqkag Wiia wOHdmk wjia:d

ysjk m rcfha YajoHd, oHdh;k (University
Collage) l%uhla rg ;=< ia:dmkh lr'

kjljoh w;S;hg muKla iSud fldg YsIHhkag ksoyfia

wOHdmkh ,eug we;s whs;sh wdrCId lr.

YAjoHd,hg we;=jk iEu YsIHfhl=gu fkajdisld.dr

myiql yd YsIH;aj fyda uQ,HdOdr ,nd u iy;sl lr'

f;dard.;a YajoHd, 7la wdishdf m%uqL YajoHd, 20

w;rg f.k taau i|yd wjYH jevms<sj,la ilia lr'

YajoHd, fiajh i|yd fjku fiajd jHjia:djla we;s

lr'

YajoHd, .udk l%uh yryd iEu YajoHd,

wdpdhjrfhl=gu YAjoHd, mj;sk m%foaYfhau ksjil
j;af whs;sh ,nd fokafk'

YajoHd, wdpdhjre cd;sl ixjOkhg il%Sh f,i

odhl lr.ekSu i|yd mfhaIK lghq;= fjkqfjka ksis
we.hSula tlS wdpdhjrekag ,nd fokafk'

72
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


cd;sl mYapd;a Wmd irih wdrN fldg w;ska fiajhg

tlajk l:ldpdhjrekag o cd;Hka;r lS;sh iys;
YajoHd,j, Wmd ,nd .ekSf wjia:dj Wod lr'

W;= idmdfudla mrmqrg



,xld .=re fiajd jHjia:dj 2015 l%shd;aul lr.

tu.ska fuf;la .=reNj;=kag wod<j Wiia iy jegqma
jOl wdh ms<sn|j mej;s ish .eg ksudjg m;a lr.

;dCIKsl IhOdrdj b.eka i|yd cd;sl wOHdmk

oHdmSGhla fkdmudj wdrN lrk w;r ta i|yd
.=reNj;=ka 2000 lg mqyqKqj ,nd fokafk'

ishu .=re Nj;=ka i|yd myiq ,g ,emafgdma m.Klhla

,nd ug lghq;= lr'

iEu .=re w;afmd;lau ixksfok ;dCIKh u.ska

myiqfjka ,nd .ekSug wjYH lghq;= i,iaj'

cmdkh" uef,aishdj, fldhdj jeks rgj, mqyqKqj ,eu

i|yd jdIslj m%K;d ugu wkqj YsIH;aj ,nd
fokafk.

73
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

9 ksfrda.Slu mru ,dNhhs

fi!Nd.Hfha moku ksfrda.Su;a cd;shhs 2006 isg fi!LHh fCIa;%hg
lrk ,o w;sYd, rdcH wdfhdack ksid .%dh m%foaYj, mjd fi!LH
fiajd jOkh l< mu b yh jir we;=<; ixj; rgj,
fi!LH idOk ugug iudk fi!LH fiajdjla Tng ,nd fokakg
uu ne is


frday,aj,g wefok ck;djla fjkqjg frday,a .;u

wjYH fkdjkakdjQ ck;djla ys lsug lghq;= lsfuka
2020 jk g Wmf;a wdhq wfmaCIKh wjqre 80 olajd by<
kexug wjYH myiql i,ik fi!LH fiajd moaO;shla
f.dv k..

2020 Y%S ,xldj <ore iy ud;D urKj,ska f;dr rgla

njg m;a lrk nj uu wdvnrfhka lsh'

ke.=u hgf;a .NkS ujrekag udi 9 mqrdu wm oekg

,nd fok fmdaIK u,af,a jkdlu remsh,a 40"000 la muK
jkq we;' tu jkdlka 50] uqo,a jYfhka ,nd u rchg
b;d jdisodhl kuq;a Bg jvd ug jkafka wfma rf
wudjrekaf.a iy Wmkakg isk orejkaf.a wdrlaIdjh'
tneka .eKs ujrekaf.a fmdaIK wdOdr jevigykla
w; Wmka orejkag jirla olajd ,nd fok fmdaIK
jevigyk ;j rg;a Yla;su;a lr'

ldka;d iy .NSkS ujrekag ixj; rgj, ,efnk

m%Yia; fi!LH fiajdjla ,ndug wjYH jk ffjoHjrekg
fYaI mqyqKqj ,nd u i|yd ;=ka wjqre fYaI
jevigykla l%shd;aul lr

74
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


tu kj oekqu Nd; lsu i|yd wjYH WmlrK iy

myiql iqiq l%ufohla hgf;a .%dh frday, olajd
,ndug lghq;= lr

jdyhg iQodk jk wjfha isgu iEu ldka;djlgu

ksfrda.S orefjl= ys lsu iy ; wjodku wju
lr.ekSu ms<sn| oekqj;a lsugu yelsjk m Wmdh
olajd oekqfuka o fiajh bgq lsu i|yd wejeis im;aj,ska
o mjq,a fi!LH fiajh mq,a fldg in, .kaj

iEu m,d;lgu tla <ud frday,la blr ta hgf;a bm

udi 3la we;=<; orejkg wkd.;fha we;sh yels udkisl
wdndO iy ysNdjh jeks frda. 30la ykd .ekSu i|yd
lrdmsh frdayf,a oekgu;a islr we;s mfhaIK l%u
l%shdjg kexu i|yd wjYH m%;smdok iy WmlrK
frdy,aj,g ,nd fokafk

ms<sld" jl=.vq frda. iy fvx.= jeks fYaIs; frda.dndOhka

i|yd iqfYaIS wxYhkaf.ka ie,;a frday,a ixlSKhla
njg iEu m<d;lu m%Odk k.rfha msysgqjd we;s YsCIK
frday, mj;kh lr

uef,ahdj, c,NS;sldj, luq,a.dh, refn,a,d, ,dre,

CIfrda.h iy nrjd hk frda. y; iodld,hgu f
N+fhka ;=rka lsug fi!LH moaO;sh hqKq lsu i|yd
fYaI wjOdkh fhduq lr

fvx.= Wjr iyuq,k

s u
a ke;sl
s u i|yd ilSh
% jevms<f
s j,la
ls%hd;aul lr'

g fmr fiajh l< fi!LH weu;sjrfhl=gu" ;u

mrs.Klh ;=<j;a wdrlaIdlr .ekSug fkdyels jQ cd;sl
T!IO m%;sm;a;sh iy mk; fiakl f,a m%;sm;a;s j,g
75

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

wkql,
+ jk f,i kej; iudf,dapkh lr lkka wkqu;
lsrSug iy l%shd;aul lsrSug lghq;= lr'


wkqrdOmqr YslaIK frdayf,a jl=.vq tallh i|yd ish

myiql iys;j widOH frda.Skaf.a {d;Skag kjd;eka
.ekSu i|yd iyk fijKla blr

iEu jl=.vq frda.sfhl=gu udiam;d remsh,a 3000l m%;sldr

iyk ukdjla f.j

kqjr, hdmkh, n,a,, wmdr, lrdmsh, r;akmqr iy

l=reKE., hk frday,aj, ms<sld tall kk myiqlj,ska
wx.imQK lr

frda.Ska i|yd fukau Tjqkaf.a fokdld udkisl;ajh iy

fjfyi uykaish o ie,ls,a,g .kska ms<sld frda.S
{d;Skaf.a myiqj i|yd wx. imQK iyk fijkla
uyr.u iy by; frday,a wdY%s;j msysgqj

kk ffjH myiql iys; w>d; frda. mfhaIK iy

m%;sldr uOHia:dk kuhla m<d;g tl ne.ska msysgqj tu
jevms<sfj, ;=< ngysr iy foaYSh ffjoH l%u taldnoaOj
m%;sldr l%u ykajd u i|yd mfhaIK iy kshuq jHdmD;s
u;a lr'

iEu .%du ks,Od fldGdihlgu tlla ne.ska .f

wd.l uOHia:dkh flaJ.; lrf.k m%cd fi!LH
uOHia:dkhla f.dvk

ffjoH WmdOdka yg Wmdfhka miq mYapd;a Wmd

f{aI{ oekqu ,nd .ekSug jQ wvqj ksid th imqrd,Sug
fmardfoKsh" hdmkh iy reyqKq YajoHd,j, w;a miq
fYaI{ mqyqKqjla ,nd ug lghq;= lr'
76

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


lk Wiia" fYaI ukd Ialr m,d;aj, fiajh lrk

ffjoHjrekag ,nd u ioyd l%ufohla ilia lr'

fyhka iy fi!Lh fiajd WmdOdka i|yd YajoHd,

Wmd jevigyka ;jrg;a mq`M,a lrk w;r ta wh i|yd
mYapd;a Wmd wjia:djka o ,ndug lghq;= lr'

oifoi ial mE fy< fjo mrmqf mqkrd.ukh

foaYSh fjo mrmqr wo;a f,dj u; lrk ial fjolf fhfo;s
wo uq f,dalfhau wjOdkh foaYSh fjolu foi fhduq we;s
fudfydf;a wfma oial f,dalhg fmkaug ld,h Wod ;sf.


iSudjdisl mqyqKqj imqrd we;s ishu foaYSh ffjoHjreka

foaYSh ffjoH fiajhg n|jd .kafk'

foaYSh ffjoH m%;sldr l%u iy T!IO ms<sn|j mfhaIK

mq,a lsu i|yd oekg l%shd;aul cd;sl mfhaIK
uOHia:dkh Wiia ugug hqKq lr

oekg l%shd;aul jk foaYSh ffjoH m%cd fi!LH fiajdj

.=Kd;aulj iy m%udKd;aulj jOkh lsu i|yd iy
foaYSh ffjoH oekq moaO;shg wod< ugf mfhaIK
lghq;= i|yd kdhl;ajh ,nd u i|yd m%dfoaYSh f,al
fldgdYhlg foaYSh ffjoHjreka ;=ka fofkl= ne.ska m;a
lrkq ,ef' ta i|yd l%udkql+,j WmdOd foaYSh
ffjoHjreka 1000 olajd n|jd .ekSug Wmfoia fo'

wmkhk m%;sfhka hq;a Nd;hg myiq foaYSh T!IO uyd

mudK iy uOH mudK jYfhka ksIamdokh .ekau
i|yd iyk fmd,sh hgf;a remsh,a ,shk myl Kh
uqo,la tlS ksIamdolhkag ,nd ug lghq;= lr
77

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


foaYSh iy foaYSh wdhqfo m%;sldrf,da,Skag .e<fmk

kk myiqlj,ska hq;a fm!oa.,sl wdfrda.HYd,d wdrN
lsu leu;s foaYSh ffjoHjreka iy jHjidhlhska i|yd
ngysr ffjoH wdh;kj,g ,ndfok ishu n iyk ,nd
fokafk

mdrml foaYSh ffjoHjrekaf.a Y%du h iqrCIs; lsu

i|yd ia:r Y%du jegqma l%uhla l%shd;aul lr

im%odhsl foaYsh ffjoHjreka f,i .%dh ugfuka

fiajh lrk ffjoHjrekag je r wOHdmkh iy
,shdmxh ,nd f myiq l%uhla ykajd fo.

rdcH fiajh ;=< ngysr ffjoHjreka iy foaYSh

ffjoHjreka w;r jrm%ido wdY%s;j mj;sk wiudk;d wju
lsu i|yd mshjr .ks'

j;= wdY%s; ia;%slj, iy W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj,

osia;%slhg tl ne.ska wdhqfo frday,a jD; lr'

j;=lrhg ksfrda.h


wvq jhiska jdy lsu iy .e .ekSu, ukaofmdaIKh iy

kSrla;sh j;=lrfha uQ,sl fi!LH .eg nj uu oks
tneka fuu ;;ajhka je<elau i|yd fou< NdIdj l;d
lrk uyck fi!LH mCIljreka iy mjq,a fi!LH fiajd
ks,Odka 500 la w;ska n|jd .ekSug lghq;= lr

fuu ck;djg iqfYAI jQ fi!LH .eg ykdf.k m%cd

i;aldrfha fhu i|yd wjYH fYaI mqyqKqjla tu

78
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

m%foaYj, fiajh lrk ishu m%cd fi!LH ks,Odkag ,nd

ug lghq;= lr


j;= frday,a i|yd wjYH .s,ka r:" kk ffjoH WmlrK

iy fnfy;a fya;a m%udKj;aj iy wLKavj ,ndug
lghq;= lr

79
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

10 >dhq msKsi l%Svd

ksfrda.su;a wkd.; mrmqrla yslsu i|yd fuf;la ;reKhkag
muKla hehs is;d is l%Svdj iEu mqrjeisfhl=f.au wdlIKhg
,lafjk whqka kd isgqu fyd|u wkd.; wdfhdackh nj uf.a
Yajdihhs.


wdishdf l%Svdfjka mquqL rgla njg m;au b,lal

lrf.k molal ksh yels bi 6 la uq,alr l%Svdj wxY
46 la hgf;a fl, uOHld,Sk yd .=ld,Sk ixjOk
jevms<sfj<la iys; cd;sl l%Svd m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg kxj.

iEu orefjl=gu l%Svdj wksjdh iy wdlIKSh Ihla

njg m;a lrk w;r l%Svdx.Khla fkdue;s iEu mdi,lgu
m%;shlska hq;a l%Svdx.Khla ,nd ug lghq;= lr'

cd;Hka;r ugf l%Svd mqyqKq mdi,la wdrN lrk w;ru

2005 jif le<Ks YajoHd,fha wdrN lrk ,o l%Svd
Wmd Ihla f,i b.ekaf jevigyk mq,a fldg l%Svd
lghq;= ms<sn| fjku wOHhk wxYhla wdrN lsug
lghq;= fhdo'

cd;sl jd;d msysgqjka cd;Hka;r ;,hg msi isk iEu

l%Svl l%Sldjlgu udislj remsh,a 25000 l ukdjla ,nd
fokafk'

m%dfoaYh
S f,al ldhd,j,g m;alr we;s l%v
S d ks,Odkaf.a
fiajh ksis m ,nd.ekSu i|yd iyk , fudag
nhsisl,hla ,ndug lghq;= lr'

wvqmyiql iys; ish l%Svdx.K klrKh lrk w;r

iEu ia;%slhlgu .Dyia; l%Svd mshla" msyskq ;gdlhla
iys; wx. imQK l%Svd mshla blr'
80

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


foaYSh mqyqKqlrejkag l%Svd ffjoH oHdj, l%Svd ;dlaIKh"

l%Svd l<uKdlrK oHdj ms<sno Wiia oekqula ,nd u
i|yd foaY mqyqKqlrejkaf.a yd foaYSh l%Svd mqyqKq
wdh;kj, fiajh ,nd ug lghq;= lrk w;ru ;ud
kshef<k l%Svdjg wod<j Wiia wOHdmkhla ,nd ug o
lghq;= lr.

l%Svdj b,lal lr.;a wdpdr Ou moaO;shla ykajdug

mshjr .kafk.

l%Svd WmlrK yd we me< ksudKh lsf ludka;

i|yd foaYSh iy foaYSh wdfhdaclhska .ekau i|yd
Tjqkg rdcH wkq.%yh ,nd fokafk.

m%dfoaYh
S f,al fldGdi ugka l%h
s d;aul Ydl iqj;d
uOHia:dk 331 la wdrN lsug;a kd.l yd wO kd.l
m%foaYj, rcfha fiajlhka i|yd Yr iqj;d uOHia:dk
msysgq ug;a mshjr .kafk'

kd.l ixjOk jHdmD;sh hgf;a nekagka" fgksia"

fjd,sfnda,a iy mdmka l%Svd i|yd myiql ,nd ug;a
lghq;= lr'

81
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

11

hfidaord mrmqrg fmdfydi;a fyg ojila

wm YsIagdpdrfha meje;au ft;sydislj r mej;sfha hfYdaord

mrudoYh iys; W;= ldka;d mrmqr u; hehs uu Yajdi lr' wm
rf ksialu iy YsIAgdpdrh wdrCId jQfha orejka Wmka ;eka isg
ksjrd Tjqka f,vg lg m;ajkakg fkd rlskd, fyafka l=Uqf
fjfyfikd, j;=lrfha f;a o l fk<kd, we lyf,a, ueo
fmr. fiajfha fhfokd isy<, o<, uqia,s, uef,a, n. W;=
ldka;d mrmqr ksidh hfYdaOrd mrmqf ujreka fkdjkakg Wmka
u rlskd is;a we;s fin< mrmqrla rgg ysjkafka ke;s nj uu
oks


ixjOkfha m%;sM, ksid b;s jk org, j;=rg, bhq

mshqug jeh l< hq;=j ;snQ w;sfl ld,h uqo,a njg m;al<
yels .Dyia; wd:l jevms<sfj<la ugf isg ilia
lr.

ldka;d jHjidhl;ajh fjkqfjka fjkalr we;s m%dfoaYsh

nexl=j u.ska jirlg ldka;djka 50,000 lg ;ukaf.a
jHdmdrhla wdrN lsu i|yd iyk fmd,shg Kh ,nd
fo

;reK ujreka /lshdj, kshq;=u .ekau i|yd iEu

m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdYhlu jd iq/l= uOHia:dkh
ne.ska wdrN lsu i|yd wjYH wdfhdackh ksis mqyqKqj
iy oekqu ,nd fokafk

iEu wdfhdack l,dmhlu ldka;d WmfoaYk uOHia:dkh

ne.ska wdrN lr tu uOHia:dkh ;=< tu l,dmfha
fiajfha kshq;= ldka;djkag wjYH WmfoaYkh" u. fmkau
iy /ljrKh ,ndfokafk'
82

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.


kqmqyqKq ldka;djka foaY /lshd i|yd fhduq lsu k;r

lrka mqyK
q q ms Y%lhska foaY /lshd i|yd u;a lsu
u.ska ldka;djka /lshd i|yd foaY.; u ksid we;s jk
mjq,a .eg wju lr'

83
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

12

;=reKq fygla msreKq rgla

tla lf,l f rf ;reK m%cdj uqukskau w;ayer oud isf

m%;sM,h jQfha Tjqka m%pKav foaYmd,kg keUqrefuka ,CI
.Kkdjla urKhg m;auh ta orejkaf.a umshkaf.a fidaiqiq
;ju;a f jd;,fha iersirk nj uu oks 2005 isg ;ukag
wkd.;hla b,a,d ,CI iailg je ;reK mrmqrla ,xld ksoyia
mCIfha ;reK ixOdkh jQ ks,a mjqf yefmka iskafka ta wre
w;S;hg h<s .uka lsrSug wlue;s ksid nj uu oks. ta ;reK
mrmqrg cd;sl wNsudkfhka yoj; mqrjdf.k cjimkakj
keSisug yels rgla uu Wreulr fokafk

yelshdj iy /lshdj


mdie,g jdIslj we;= jk orejka 340"000 la w;=rska Yaj

oHd,hg we;=,a u ioyd iqiql ,nkafka 25"000 la
muKs' ;=ka ,laIhlg wl b;srs ore msilf.a wkd.;h
msfhl= fia uu j.lSfuka Ndr .kafk' jD;a;Sh iy
ldl wOHdmkh Tiafia WmdOdrsfhla u olajd jQ
wOHdmkfha ysKsula Tjqkg ;kd fo'

ta wkqj rdcH fkdjk wxY iu.o tl;=j jirlg 250"000

la orejkag jD;a;Sh wOHdmkh ,nd oSu ioyd jQ cd;sl
jevms<sfj, il%Sh lr'

lsish wd:sl m%Yakhlg f.drej wOHdmkh iu.

fmdrnok orejka fjkqfjkau ;reK ixjOk wruqo,la
msysgu ioyd ksmqK;d ixjOk wruqo,la Yla;su;a lr'

oekg ueo fmros. l,dmh flakaSj l%shd;aul foaY /lshd

fj<o fmd< hqfrdamh" W;=re weursldj yd Tiaf%,shd uyd
84

iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

oamh fj; m;=rejd,Su ioydu fYaI wOHdmk uOHia:dk

20 la ksmqK;d ixjOk wud;HdxYh yd foaY /lshd
m%jOk wud;HdxYh iu. tlaj msysgqj'


oekg iajhx/lshdjkays lghq;= lrk fmofre oej ldl

rEm,djkH Ys,amS jeks wu;a fCIa;% fj; ludka; .=Kh
,nd oSu fjkqfjka fmr oekqu msrslaiSf l%uh (PRL) Y%S
,xld iqiql rduqj (SLQF) ia:dmkh fldg jD;a;Sh
wOHdmkh chgeU lrd /f.k h

flda ixLHd; uqo,a jeh lrka foaY wOHdmkh ioyd

fhduq jk oi oyia ixLHd; Y%S ,dxflah mq;=kg Y%S ,xldj
;=<oSu cd;Hka;r Wmd ,nd .ekSu ioyd ol=Kq wdishdf
m%:u yrs; irih jk NSBM irih jvd;a mq,a fldg
f,dj f.!rjkSh Yaj oHd, iu. wkqnoaO lr'

2005 oS ud n,hg m;a jk g 5] lajQ mrs.Kl idlaIr;dj

wo 42] olajd by, oeugo r;=., jeks wdoS jdiS ckmo
j,g mjd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK oHd.dr ,nd oSugo uu
lghq;= lf<' 2020 oS mrs.Kl idlaIr;dj 90] olajd je
lsrSug ie,iq lr' tfukau tlS oshqKq ;dlaIKh k.rhg
muKla iSud fkdfldg ;reK m%cdj m%uqL ish
mqrjeishkag whs;shla f,i ksoyfia wka;cd,fha
ieieug wjldY ,nd fo'

bos jir 5 we;=<; fN!;sl inkaO;djhlska f;drj

wjldYfha isfrk ;rx. u.ska wka;cd,hg msiSu ioyd
uq rgu ol=Kq fldrshdj fukau fydiafmd tlla njg
m;a lsrSu uf.a wruqKhs'

Y%S ,xld fhdjqka md,sfka;=j Y%S ,xld foaYmd,k

OQrdj,sfha iqfYaIS fukau mrudoYs wdh;khla f,i
f.dvk.d thg wjYH ms<s.ekSuo f.!rjho ,nd fo'
85

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;reKhskag /lshd mka,CIhla



rdcH fiajh mq,a lsu" rdcH flakaSh ludka;" mq,a jk

nexl= fCIa;%h" ixpdrl ludka;h iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
fCIa;%h weiqfrka b jir my ;=< ;reKhskag /lshd
,laI 5 la ksudKh lr'

/lshd mqrmamdvq m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdi ugfuka

ykdf.k /lshd wfmaCIs; ;reK ;reKshkag f.dkq.;
lr.ekSu i|yd wod< m%dfoaYSh f,al ldhd,j, /lshd
nexl=jla ia:dmkh lr'

Wiia fm< joHd Ih Odrdj yerE ;reK ;rehka

15"000g ufkda WmfoaYkh" m%:udOdr fiajh" fi!LH
m%jOkh iy frda. ksjdrKh ms<sn| ksis jD;a;Sh mqyqKqjla
,ndfuka m%cd fi!LHh iydhl ;k;=re ,nd fokak

;reK jHjidhl;ajhg w;ys;



;reK jHjidhl;ajh m%jOkh iy;sl lsu i|yd

ldl ixjOk uKav,h m%;sjHqy.; fldg ;reK
jHjidhl;aj ixjOk uKav,hla ia:dmkh lr

wjqreq 18-35 w;r ;reKhska i|ydu ;dreKHhg iSud jQ

;reK nexl= l%uhlaa wdrN lr ta hgf;a
jHjidhl;ajhg" wOHdmkhg iy jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj
.ekau i|yd ,laI 10 olajd wvq fmd<S Kh myiqlula
,nd fokafk

wmkhk fnda. j.djg iy i;aj md,khg leu;s ;reK

;reKshkag >ld,Sk n l%uhla hgf;a bv ,nd uOHu
mudK jHjidhlhka 15"000 la yslsf jevms<sfj<la
l%shd;aul lr ta hgf;a lDIs ixpdrl ludka;h wdY%s;j
o wdfhdack .kaj'
86

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ta i|yd wjYH ,CI ismyl Kh uqo,la wjqre ;=kl

f. rys; ld,hla iu wvq fmd<shg ,nd fokafk ta
i|yd wjYH oekqu mqyqKqj iy inkalrKh rdcH
uey;afuka ,nd fokafk

.%dh ksIm
a dok tl;= lsu" m%jdykh iy fnod yeu i|yd
iEu .ulgu tla ;reK iemhqlrefjla yslsu i|yd
l=vd m%udKfha f,d r:hla ,g .ekSu i|yd wvq fmd<S
Khla ;reK nexl=j yryd ,ndfokafk Tjqkaf.a NdKAv
,g .ekSu i|yd tu m%foaYj, we;s yuqod l|jqre iy
frday,a jeks rdcH wdh;kj,g iemhS fldka;%d;a ,nd
fok l%uhla ilia lr'

ls ksIamdok fCIa;%hg u;aj ;dlaIKh Nd;h iys;

;reK jHjidhlhskag wkq.%yhka ,nd fokafk

NdKav ksIamdokh" tl,ia lsu iy w.h tl;= lsf

ludka; i|yd bm;a jk ;reK jHjidhlhka ;reK
lghq;= wud;HdxYfha f,aLK.; lr Tjqkaf.a ksIamdok
rdcH wdh;k i|yd ,.ekSf l%ufohla ilia lr'

ue" ms;a;," iajKdNrK we;= yia; ludka; fCIa;%fha

hq.fha wjYH;djhg .e<fmk m kj ksudKd;aulj
w.h tl;= lsfuka fj<|fmd<g ksIamdok bm;a lsu
Wfoid ;reK jHjidhlhskag wjYH kQ;k l%ufo" kk
;dCIKh iy wfkl=;a myiql ,nd fokafk

kj ksudKd;aul ixpdrl m%jOk jevigyka u.ska

;reK jHjidhlhka i|yd ixpdrl ludka;h ;=< w;a
wjia:d ksudKh lr' fYaIfhkau lDIsldl ixpdrl
ludka;h ;=< l=vd iy uOHu mudK wdfhdack lsu
i|yd ;reKhska u;a lr'

87
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ix.S; fCIa;%fha ;reK l,dlrejka" ;reK iskudlrejka

yd fld kdgH ksudKlrejka i|yd kj ksudK
t<soelaug ;reK nexl=j yryd remsh,a ,shkhla olajd
Kh myiql ,ndfokafk tfiau Tjqkg m<d;a md,k
wdh;k iy rdcH wdh;k i;= rx. Yd,d iyk ,g ,nd
.ekSug bv i,i'

;reK iskudfkayg wjia:dj ,ndu i|yd kj;u

iskud m%oYk uKav,hla ia:dms; lr'

f;dr;=re ;dlaIK k.rhla uq,;sj, ia:dmkh lsfuka

W;=f ;reKhkaf.a f;dr;=re ;dCIKsl oekqu kxjd,
;reK jHjidhl ix.j, b,a,Su m fjk;a m%foaYj,
o tjeks k.r ia:dms; lsu i|yd lghq;= lr'

foaYSh wdydr m%;sm;a;shla l%shd;aul lsu u.ska kj wdydr

fj<|fmd<la we;s lsug iy tu wjia:d ,nd .ekSu i|yd
;reK ;reKshka .ekaug lghq;= lr' ishu mdi,a
iy rdcH wdh;kj, wdydr iemhSf fldka;%d;a l=vd
mudK foaYSh wdydr ksIamdolhska fj; ,nd u i|yd
mmd,k kS;s iy l%ufo ykajd fo'

jD; wd:lh iska kkak;a;dr lrk ,o fh!jkh

fndfyda g k;r jQfha u;ameka iy u;ajYHj,g
weneysfuks tjeks ;reKhka mqkre;a:dmk lsu i|yd
wd.l isoaOia:dk flakalrf.k wOHdmk iy WmfoaYk
uOHia:dk ia:dmkh lr

<ud wmrdOlrejka jYfhka isr.;j > ld,hla .;lr

isk ;reKhska iudchg ffjrlrk msila f,i
iudc.;u je<elau i|yd ksis fYdaOk l%ufohla
iys; mqkre;a:dmk uOHia:dkhla msysgq jkafk'

88
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13

.ukg iqjmyiqj

fmd m%jdykh ms<sn|j ud ljo;a is;kafka fmd u.shdf.a ukisks

;%ia;jdka iska fndan mqmqrejd mS<s .,jdf.k hdfuka miqj
;siajirla ;siafia k;r hd,afoa wNsudkfhka wef.a fojk .uk
wrUd ;sf uu tys keS hdmkhg hk g u fomi /iaj is ,CI
ixLHd; ckhdf.a yoj;a yS ke=Kq mS%;sh Tjqkaf.a uqyqKq mqrd
me;sreKq iskdfjka ykd .;s iqms fhka hk ;eke;a;d yd
iudkj fmd u.shdg o iqjmyiqfjka hd B l< yels m%jdyk
fiajdjla uu ia:dmkh lr


2018 fld<U isg l;r.ug iqjmyiqfjka hd yels

jdhqiukh l< ,xldf m%:u ,s h Odjkh lrj

hdmkfha k,a lkaoid foajd,h" ;%sl=Kdu,fha

fldfkaIajrka foajd,h, y,dj; uqkafkaIajr foajd,h iy
fojqkaor Wmq,ajka foajd,h hk isfldka foajd,
jkaokdjg myiqfjka hdyels m l;r.u h ud.h
;%Sl=Kdu,h olajd .= lr

l=reKE., isg y,dj; olajd yria h ud.hla blr

uvl,mqf isg fmd;=,a olajd h ud.h r> lsug

o lghq;= lr'

fld<U isg lgqkdhl .=jkaf;dgqm< ;=<gu iy ud;r isg

u;a;, .=jkaf;dgqm<gu kEu fudfyd;l hdyels jk
m kk h fiajdjla ia:dmkh lr

mdi,a isiqkaf.a myiqj i|yd isma ieh kka mdi,a

h fiajdjla wdrN lr Wfoa iji iEu hlu

89
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mdi,a uehla fyda foll wjYH;djg .e<fmk m

fjkalr


wmg wjYH iqj myiq nia r: wfma rfu ksIamdokh lsu

i|yd tu ludka;hg fhduqug leu;s jHdjidhlhkag
wjYH bv" n iyk iy uQ,H wdfhdack myiql ,ndug
wjYH mshjr .kafk

m%Odk k.r wdY%s;j mj;sk ud. ;onoh fmd m%jdyk

fiajfhka rdcldhg hk tk whf.a udkisl wd;;sh by<
kxjk nj;a th ;%YS,S uyck fiajhla iemhSug Tjqkg
we;s wNHka;r udkisl ndOdjla nj;a uu is; tu ksid
k.rdY%s; fYAI m%jdyk jev ms<sfj<la l%shd;aul lr

ta hgf;a fldgfyak uglal=,sh yryd ud,f isg

le<Kshg fudfkda h fiajdjla b wjqre ;=k
we;=<; l%shdjg kxj

fudrgqf isg fld<U olajd nia m%jdykh i|yd fjku

ux ;Sre folla fjka lr

fld<U kqjr wf.S ud.fha kqjr bu jk .=ydf.dv isg

;ekafkal=Uqr olajd m%Odk k.rfha ;onofhka .uka
l, yels jk whqka ls 6.6 .ska hq;a ,xldf m<uq
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jdhq IKh wju lsu i|yd ,s fudag r: Nd;h

m%p,s; lsug mshjr .kakd w;r ,s wdfrdamK
uOHia:dk rgmqrd msysgqug mshjr .kafk'

fld<U fldgqj, flddj wf.S ud. uxiJh,

uykqjr, l=reKe., iy wkqrdOmqrh we;= k.r mKyl
kQ;k m%jdyk flaJ l%uhla we;s lr tys we;s m%;sM,h
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jdyk kej;= wx.khla o tlu ia:dkhl msysgqfuka
uyu. ria;shd fkd jvd myiq iy ldhCIu fiajhla
ck;djg ysjkq we;'


kk lv idmamq" wdmk Yd,d" O fiajd ie,a iy l=vd

iskud Yd,djla" kdk ;gdlhla iy <ud l%Svd
uOHia:dkhla iys; iaud wdfla 50 la fuu m%jdyk
flaJh wdikakfhau we;s lr

h wk;=re wju rgla



hfula wld,fha h.sh miqj mjqf,a idudlhkg oefkk

fokdj;a ; ld,h mqrdjgu tu mjq,aj,g uqyqK ug
isjk wm%udK Ialr;djkq;a uu oks 2020 jk g h
wk;=rla hkq b;du;a r< isula njg m;a lsrSug wruqKq
lr .kafk

hrka ud. kS;s wl=rg ms<smk iy ksis kfhka hq;=

hrka njg m;a lsu i|yd cd;sl m%jdyk mqyqKq
flaJhla jydu msysgqj

hre jD;a;sh my;a /lshdjla hk iudc u;h fjkia

lsug iy tu jD;a;sh i|yd wjYH iudc jkdlu tla
lsf j.lSu o tu mqyqKq flaJhg mjr

ixjOk l%shdodu f.j;au;a iu nrjdyk hrkag

fyd| b,aula we;s ;sfnk neka ukd fm!reIhlska hq;a
nr jdyk hrka f,i ;reKhska fuu /lshdjg
fhduqlsu i|yd jD;a;Sh nrjdyk hre mdGud<djla
wdrN lr.
91

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rcfha fyda fm!oa.,sl wxYfha /lshd i|yd hrka n|jd

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fmkS isu wksjdh lr

kjl hrka w;ska isjk wk;=re wju lsu i|yd

cd;Hka;r m%;Skag wkql+,j w;ska ksl=;a lrk iEu
hre n,m;%hlau jirl mjdi ld,hlg hg;a lr

h wk;=rej,ska .Dy uQ,slhska h hdu ksid wirKNdjhg

m;a isk mjq,aj, .Dy uQ,sld iska ,nd f.k we;s
fkdf.jd mj;sk ksjdi Kh i|yd whlrkq ,nk
ovfmd<sh imQKfhka lmd yeug;a b;s uqo, w;a
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yerug;a ishu rdcH nexl=j,g ksfhda. lr

h wk;=re ksid iodld,sl wn.d; Ndjhg m;a

iskakka fjkqfjka uilg remsh,a 3000l wdOdr uqo,la
msku'

tu mjq,aj, bf.kqu ,nk orejka i|yd YsIHdOdr uqo,la

f.ug o wOHdmk wud;HdxYhg Wmfoia fokafk

uyu ria;shdj j<luq



r:jdyk jer fjkqfjka Wid hkakg ie,eiau u.ska

jev lrkakg we;s mehj,ska jeyhla Wid .dfka
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tneka wod< ov uqo,a cx.u rl;kfhka SMS u.ska
f.ug wjYH kS;suh m%;smdok fkdmudj i,id
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92
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urKSh fyda ;=jd, isfkdjk h wk;=re i|yd rCIK

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fkdf k by< wlrKhg hdf wjia:dj ysjkq we;'

jdyk ,shdmxh" n,m;% w;a lsu fyda hre n,m;%hla

,nd .ekSug fld<Ugu meKSfuka Tng isjk ysyerh
uu oks tfia wmf;a hkafka rg fjkqfjka jev lsug
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iEu ia;%sla ldhd,hlskau o miqj iEu m%foaYSh f,al
fldGdYhlska o ,nd .; yels ;;a;ajhla we;s lr.

m<d;a iNdjkag whh hq;= n,m;% .dia;= we;= iEu

f.ulau wka;cd, myiql bgqlsug yelsjk m
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mdi,a isiqkg yd rcfha fiajlhskag ;ukaf.a h fyda

niar: iSikam; ,nd .ekSu i|yd fmda .dfka ria;shd
fjk l%uh fjkqjg iaud ld l%uhla ykajd ta u.ska
SMS yryd f,da l%uhg f. lsug wjia:dj
i,i

93
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14

mK fia iqrlsk mirh

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w;r mej;sh hq;a;d jQ wkqW,a>kSh in|;dj fkdf|k m 2005
uyskao ka;kfha fmdfrdka jQ mu fyg;a uu mirfha
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wm rlskd jkka;f


,xldf msys ish jkdka;r kq fldg udhs i,l=Kq

lsu i|yd jk kq fldiula m;alr

rcfha iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha o bv Wmfhda.S lrf.k

fylaghd ;=ka,CI mkyia oyil w;ska jk j.d lrk
w;r kdY f ;ckhg uqyqK md ;sfhk iajNdl
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j,a,mgd, iq yka iy .,aishU,d jeks uQ,H jkdlu

iys; .ia j. 15 jdksc yd .DydY%s; j.djka f,i jHdma;
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oej ludka;h i|yd wjYH jk f;alal, keka jeks .ia

j.j,ska hq;a .Dy jkhka j.dj jHdma; lr

ldnka oykh idudkH .ilg mkia .=Khlska je

lfvd,dk ixjOkh i|yd fidnd fi!kaoh ixpdrl
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inkaO lr.kafk
94

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mir ixrCIKh iy mir wmrdO je<elau i|yd oekg

we;s kS;s ms<sn| i,ld n,d wkd.;hg;a .e<fmk m
wjYH ixfYdaOk bm;a lsrSu i|yd mir kS;s imdol
lgqjla m;a lr

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ksoyfia by<g .kakd iqiqfuys mjd i uqiq ;sf k,
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ilia lr


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rg ;=< nyq, lsu i|yd wdlrIKSh n iyk l%%uhla
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95

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wldh Yla;su;a lr

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i,iajd we;s O oYkhka yd jK oDIa IKhug
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96

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fuu mxp IK fCIa;%hka wdYs%;j mfhaIK lsug

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fokafk

mdisl=vd" ks,dje,s" WKjgqk jeks f,dalfha w;sruKSh

fjr< ;Srhka lSmhl Wreuh ,eug wm ,;a Nd.Hh u;=
mrmqrg o odhdo lsu Wfoid fjr<dY%s; kS;sh Yla;su;a
lrk w;r uyckhd iy mir oaj;a ixOdk tla fldg
mir wdrlaIl n,uqjla f.dv k.'

.c ;=re wdrjq,


wkdrCIdjg ,la we;s ish .udkj,g w,sjeg

fkdmudj blsu i|yd wjYH jH, jdyk iy wfkl=;a
im;a wod< wxY fj; ,ndug mshjr .kafk

is y;r meh mqrd .udkj,g jk i;=ka we;=<au

je<elau i|yd m%dfoaYSh f,aljrekaf.a wCIKh hgf;a
wod< rdcH wxY iy .%dh iafjPd i;s iy rdcH fkdjk
ixOdk wdfhka ie,;a m%cd jk wdrCIl n,ldhla
msysgqj ksiqkag isjk ydks je<elau fukau jk
i;=kag ydks fkdlsu tu n,ldfha j.lSula njg m;a
lr

tjeks wk;=rej,ska .Dy uQ,slhd h.sh mjq,aj,g udisl

ukdjla ,ndug;a tu m%foaYj, iEu mqoa.,fhl=u
fkdf,a ; rCIKhla ,nd ug;a lghq;= lr

97
iqrCIs; rgla

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15

;srir ck fijk

YS% ,xldf iEu mjq,lau ksjila ys mjq,la h hq;= njg Yajdih

;nka cd;sl ksjdi m%;sm;a;shla t<slaug yelsu ksjdi yd
cdkdjdi lafIa;%fha wm ,enQ iqfYaIs ch.%yKhlss' ta hgf;a ksjila
wys iEu mjq,la i|yd;a wkd.; mrmqr i|yd;a ;ukaf.au ksjila
yslr f jevigyk uq Y%S ,xldju mqrdu taldnoaO jevigykla
f,i l%shd;aul lr'


ishu k.rj, kd.l me,am;a yd uqvqlal= ckdjdiSkag

ish fokdg ishu wNHka;r myiql yd fmd
iyiqlj,ska iemsreKq ksjil whs;sh iy;sl lrk
kd.l m%;sckkSh jevigyk hgf;a b yh jir ;=<
ksjdi tall 60000 la blsug lghq;= lr'

j;=lrfha j;ajk iEu mjq,lgu mpia 07 bvula iy

;ukaf.au ksjila ,ndu i|yd kd.l ixjOk iy
wdrCIl wud;HdxYh hgf;a oekgu;a uQ,sl lghq;= wdrN
lr we;s w;r tu jevigyk hgf;a 2015$2016 ;=< j;=
ksjdi 50"000la blr'

ykdf.k we;s ishu wjodk iy.; m%foaYj, j;ajk

m%cdjg fkdmudj wdrCIs; m%foaYj, ksjdi ys lrf
lk jevigykla l%shd;aul lr'

ia:djr wdodh ud.hla m%ldY lsug fkdyels iy wjYH

iq/l= fkdue;s .%dh kd.l wvq wdodh,dNSkag ck
fijk jevigyka hgf;a ksjdi Kh myiql ,nd f
jevigykla ;j rg;a Yla;su;a lr' uQ,H myiqlj,g
wu;rj wvq ho ksjdi blsf ;dlaIKsl myiql
imhkafk'
98

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uOHu mx;shg uere uy,a ksjdi whs;sh



kd.l m%foaYj, j;aug leu;s by< ue wdodh

ldKavfha ck;djg kk;ajfhka hq;a w,xldr ksjdi
fhdackd l%uhla rdcH nexl=j, wdfhdack u.ska l%shd;aul
lr' tu ksjdi i|yd 90% olajd jir 30l ld,hla i|yd
nexl= Kh l%uhla ykajd fokafk'

rdcH nexl==j,ska ksjdi Kh ,nd f oekg l%shd;aul

jk ixlSK iy l,a.;jk l%ufoh fjkqjg wvq
,shlsh,s m%udKhla iy nexl=j u.sku
a ,shlsh,s ilialr
f fiajdjla o ykajd ug lghq;= lr'

99
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16

h;, myiql ma,jh fkdkej;S bhg

;%ia;jdoh iska W;=re kef.kysr muKla fkdj rgmqrdu ish

h;, myiql ixjOkhg kej;Sf ;s; ;nd ;snqKs' ta fjkqjg
km;d wfma fk; .egqfKa .sks.;a lvd | ouk ,o f.dvkes,s
iy mqmqrjd yk ,o mdrj,ah' lvd ouk ,o ,s lKqh. .ug lsis
myiqlla fkdjQ w;r k.rh l=fKka ,af,ka wmsislfuka ms
;snqKs' uu h;, myiql fCIa;%fha Yauckl ma,jhla lf<'
uu f fk;a is;a fkdwoyk ,ma,jh bhgu f.khkafk.

,iaik k.rhla
jg mjqfrka jid oud fk; fldgql< fld<U k.rfha ne | oud
uu th Tf oEig jr lf<. fld<U k.rh, hjkakd fmfoi,
fn,a,ka, iy kqf.af.dv jeks kd.l ixjOk jHdmD;s Tf
wm%udK mS%;shg fya;= we;s nj uu oks.


2020 jk g fld<U k.rh ol=Kq wdishdf w,xldru

k.rh njg;a chjOkmqr m%foaYh oel=l yd
l%udkql+,u mmd,k w. k.rh njg;a m;alr.

Bg iu.dj jhsfka iEu kd.l m%foaYhlau mmd,k

f.dvke.s,s" fydag,a" ksjdi jHdmD;s" kd.l WoHdk"
fkdao lghq;=" k.r w,xlrK jHdmD;s fyda Y% ixjOk
lghq;=j,ska hq;a mir ys;ld iy j;aug m%sh Wmojk
ienEu k.r njg m;a lr.

uQ,sl myiql mjd fkdue;s" kuq;a O .%dh m%foaY tlg

hdlrk ck;djf.a fiajd myiql iemhq uOHia:dk njg
m;a we;s l=vd iy uOHu m%udKfha k.r 100 la
ixjOkh lsf jevigykla l%shd;aul lr'
100

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oekgu;a l%shd;aul jk fj<kag iy mdfNda.slhskg

wjYH myiql ish,af,kau ims kd.lfmd< ixjOk
jevigyk hgf;a uq jhsku wdjrKh jk m
f;dard.;a k.r 75l fmd fmd<j,a blr'

uyck wjYH;dj wkqj kd.l ixjOk wld mk;

hgf;a kj kd.l m%foaY m%ldYhg m;a lsu yd m%ldYs;
l,dmj, ixjOk ie,iq ms<sfh< lr' tu n,;,
hgf;a uy;aud .dJ;=uka iska 1943 ,xldjg meK
yuqjla meje;ajQ .Eiamy ykah ixjOkh lr uy;aud
.dka p;=ri%h f,i k lr.

uy k.r iNd" k.r iNd iy m%dfoaYSh iNd j,g wh;a

k.r fyda kd.l m%foaY ixjOk lsu i|yd wjYH
ie,iq imdok iydh kd.l ixjOk wldfhka
iyh ,ndf l%shdj,sh ;jrg;a Yla;su;a lr.

uy ux mqkreoh
Y%S ,xldf m%:u jrg ksYa; ud. is;shula yd ixjOk ie,eiaula
iys;j ud. bls wdrN lrk ,oafoa uu uyd ud. weu;sjrhdj
is wjfha isg u nj uu ioyka lrkafka wdvnrfhks. .u ke.=u
hgf;a .f mdr fldkal%S lsfuka werUqK ta ud. mqkdfrdaoh f
jk g wf.S ud. folla ys lsu olajd ys we;s nj tajdfha
hk tk Tn fyd|skau okakd nj ug Yajdih.


olaIsK wf.S ud.h" u;a;, .=jka f;dgqfmd< iy

ynkaf;dg jrdhka hd lrka > lr.

olaIsK wf.S ud.fha isg me,auvq,a, olajd r;akmqr

wf.S ud.h b lr.

101
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msg; jgrjq udfhka wdrN jhU, W;=re ueo,

kef.kysr m,d;a yryd hdmkhg fjk W;=re wf.S
ud.h b lr.

W;=re wf.S ud.fhka werfUk uykqjr wf.S

ud.fha bls lghq;= fkdmudj wdrN lsug wjYH
uQ,sl lghq;= lr'

ish wf.S ud. tlg hd lrk fld<U msg; jgrjq

ud.hfha lvqfj, isg lvj; olajd fldgi 2015 jD;
lr'

2020 jk g u;a;, .=jkaf;dgqmf,a isg hdmkhgu

wf.S ud. j,skau hd yels fmr<sh uu lr.

miq.sh ld,h ;=< l%shd;aul lrk ,o uy ud. m,d;a iNd"

m%dfoaYSh iNd iy .%dh ud. ixjOkh lsfuka miqj
Tn fldfya j;a jqjo Tf ksjfia isg meh yhlaa we;=<;
,xldf kEu ;eklg hdyels ud. is;shu uu . y.

cd;Hka;r rNdjh uekSf oYlhg wkqj wfma ud. j,

;;a;ajh 2020 100] olajd je lsug wruqKq lr'

ieug c,h
c,h i|yd ieug we;af;a iudkjQ;a Y=oaOjQ;a whs;shls' uu ta whs;sh
ms<s.kafk' jd c,h fukau 2020 jk g ieug msis mdkSh c,h
,nd fuka ta whs;sh iy;sl lr'


ljo;a c,im;ska fmdfydi;a wfma iuia; ck;djgu

k, c,h wejeis fkdjk kuq;a kd.l ckhdf.a c,
wjYH;dj ta u; r|dmj;sk neka bjir fol we;=,;
102

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ishu kd.l ksjdij,g k< c,h iemhSug lghq;=

lr.


fld<U k.rh yd Wmkd.l m%foaYj, mdkSh c,Od;dj

by< kexu i|yd mshjr .kafk.

ta hgf;a 2015 fiajd .= lsf myiql we;s m%foaYj,

kj c, inJO;d 400"000 la ,nd fokafk.

fmdf,dkakrej ia;%slalfha msis mdkSh c, wjYH;dj

imQK l, mu wkqrdOmqr ia;%slalfha jl=.vq frda.
ksjdrKh lsf mshjrla f,i 2015 u k, c, iemhqu
100% njg m;a lr.

n,Yla;sh
wkd.; ldl wd:l ixjOkfha .dul n,f.h jkafka
n,Yla;sh nj uu oks' tneka Bg .e,fmk wdldrhg n, Yla;s
fCIa;%h ;j rg;a Yla;su;a lr'

LKsc f;,a ludka;h



oHd;aaul l<ukdlrK fjkial ;=<ska mdvqmsg mdvq

,nka ;snQ LKsc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ,dN ,nk
wdh;khla njg lsu ksid idudkH ck;djg iyk
ie,iSug lghq;= lr.

rcfha iykdOdr fkdue;sj jir mqrd ia:djr <la

mj;ajdf.k hka N+f;,a wvq <l mj;ajdf.k hdug
lghq;= lr.

103
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LKsc f;,a wjYH;djhg .e<fmk m iy kQ;k

;dCIKhg .e,fmk whqka LKsc f;,a msmyj
klrKh lsfuka msmy Od;dj fo.=K lsfuka
bkaOk iqrlaIs;;djh ;yjqre lr'

jhsk mqrdu yshlska f;drj bkaOk fnod yeu i|yd

l,dmSh bkaOk .nvd ia:dmkh lr'

,s n,h
uyskao ka;k b oelaf ud fmdfrka jQfha 2016 ieug ,sh
,nd ugh. f jir wjidkh jk g tu fmdfrdkaj bgqlrkakg
,eu ud ,enQ ch.%yKhls. cd;sl n,Yla;s ksIamdokh i|yd 2010
ie,iq l< ish fhdackd l%u l%shdjg kexfuka ,enqKq ,dNh
ck;dj w;g m;a lsu 2020 uf.a wruqKhs.


wvq wdodh,dNS mjq,a i|yd kj ,s inJO;d ,ndf

wvq fmd,S Kh uqo,la jir 6la ;=< ,s f,ka wvqlr
.ekSf moku u; ,nd fokafk.

l=vd iy uOHmudK ludka;" cd;Hka;r ludka;

j.SlrKhg wkql+,j iykodhS ,lg ,sh ,ndoSug
lghq;= lr' tu.ska wvqjk ,s .dia;=j u.ska tu
jHjidhlhkag Yd, iykhla w;ajkq we;.

2020 jk g msueiqodhS ,s mrsfNdack i|yd

mdfNda.slhka u;a lrkq msKsi wvq,shla jehjk
NdKav wdkhkh yd ksIamdokh .kajk w;r tlS NdKav
ykd .ekSu i|yd n,Yla;s ldhCIu f,an,a (Energe
Efficenccy) l%uhla ykajd fokafk.

104
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idm%odhsl fkdjk mqkckkSh n,Yla;s n,d.dr u.ska

2020 uq ,s W;amdokfhka 25% odhl;ajhla ,nd
.ekSug lghq;= lr'

fhda; idla l,dmSh ,s cd,h yd inJOfuka ,xldj

iy bkahdj w;r n,Yla;s fj<|dug inJOug wfmaCId
lr'

ikaksfok yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh

Y%S ,xldj f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh ioyd b;d Yla;su;a w;d,ula oud
we;s neka ;dlaIKh iy ikaksfokh wfma wd:l jOkfha B<
fodrgqjhs.


ikaksfok yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh md lrka

ck;djg ,nd fok fiajdjka jvd;a iqyoj iy ldhlaIuj
,ndug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fj'

iEu ia;%slhlu ikaksfok yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh

uOHia:dkhla ia:dmkh lrk w;r BPO uOHia:dk 100 la
iy uyskafodaoh iy iail B keK mshi oHd.dr 400 la
b lr.

tu.ska kj /lshd wjia:djka 10000 ys lrk w;r wm rf

ikakf
s ok yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK idlaIr;dj 2020 100%
by< kxj'

ikaksfok yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK jD;a;slhska fjkqfjka

jD;a;suh wdh;khla msysgqj'

rcfhka ,nd fok fiajdjka 300 la wka; cd, fiajdjka

njg m;a lrk w;r ta wdldrhg ishu mqoa.,hskaf.a
f;dr;=re iy bv ms<n
s | f;dr;=reo wka;cd, .; lsug
lghq;= lr.
105

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f,dj kk u.

wNHjldY ;dlaIKsl fCIa;%fha mq,a jk ks j,,a,

cd;sl wd:lh kfjda;amdok u.ska i n, .ekafjk oekq
wd:lhla njg m;a lsf ldHfhys ,d m%uqLhd jkafka wNHjldY
;dlaIKh nj uu oks' fuu fCIa;%h ms<sn wfma m%;sm;a;suh
Ydk;sh k fuu wxYfhka by<u YlH;djka w;alr f.k isk
rdcHhka iu. m%iia; ;dlaIKsl iyfhda.S;djla mj;ajdf.k hduhs'


w ;dlaIKsl pkal
s d mD;= uOHia:dk myiql j,ska hq;a
f,dalfha l%shd;aul jk mD;= kslaIK pkasld j,ska
ria: ikaksfok o;a; m%;s.ykh lrf.k fnod yef
cd;sl uOHia:dkhla msysgqj'

Y%S ,dxlsl bxfkarejka yd oHd{hska ie,iq fldg

ksudKh lrkq ,nk Y%S ,xldf m%:u mD;= kslaIK
ria: ikaksfok pkasldj 2020 jk g llaI.; lsug
lghq;= lr'

;jo lDIsluh" iaNdl im;a l<uKdlrKh" kd.l

ixjOkh" mirh" ld<.=Kh" foaY.=Ksl mhdi
wOHkh" iuqSh mirh" m%jdykh" .=jka yd kdl lghq;=
jeks ixjOkhg wod< O fCIa;%hkays ldHlaIu;dj yd
M,odhS;dj by< kexf ,d wNHdjldY ;dlaIKsl
Nd;hka Wmfhda.S lr .ekSf cd;sl jevigykla
l%shd;aul lr'

106
iqrCIs; rgla

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17

oHd ;dCIK yd kfjda;amdokh

wm oeka t<U iskafka f.j;a wd:l ixjOkhla lrd .uka

lsf fudfyd;gh. msfok wdishdf wxl tfla mx.=ldr;ajh kd
.ekSug k wm ksh; f,iu oHdj ;dCIKh w;ska fmruqK .;
hq;=uh.


oHd;aul idCIr;djh iys; oekq iudchla ys lsf

l%shdj,shg kdhl;ajh iemhSu i|yd cd;sl oHd
uOHia:dkla msysgqj.

oekqu u; mok jQ ludka; wdrN lsu i|yd wjYH

m%d.aOk imdokhg iyh jkq msKsi ,xld kfjda;amdok
wruqo,la ia:dms; flfrkq we;'

,xldj oHdj yd ixjOkh ms<sn| wdishdkq flaJhla

njg m;a lsfuka oHd;aul oekqu uqo,a njg mj;kh
lsf jevigykla l%shd;aul lr.

2020 jk g w;dCIKsl wmkhkhka 15% la olajd by<

kexf ie,eiau n,.kaj.

wdkhksl NdKav fjkqjg ;dCIKsl jkdlulska hq;a

foaYSh NdKav ksmou i|yd oHd;aul oekqu tla lsug
fhdackd lrk w;r ta i|yd jehjk m%d.aOk wdfhdack
fjkqfjka n iykhla ,nd fokafk.

2006 wrUk ,o cd;sl kefkda ;dCIKsl uQ,drNh

Tiafia oekq wd:lhla Wfoid odhlug wfma
oHd{hskag yelsjk wdldrhg oHd yd ;dCIK
kfjda;amdol n,ldhla msysgqj.

107
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ldhidOkh u; ukd ,eug yelsjk cd;sl

mfhaIK n,uqjla ksudKh lr. tuska nqoa .,kh
fjkqjg nqoa ,dNhla rgg ys jk w;r furg yd
foaYhkayS j;ajk ,dxlSh oHd{hkag tu n,uqjg
tlaug wdrdOkd lr.

wmf.a rf iudc wd:l ixjOkh is lsug

joHd;aul im;a fhdod .ekSf wmf.a fmdfydi;a
ffcj O;ajh wdrlaId lsu iy iqrlaIs; lsu uu
iy;sl lr'

w;dCIKsl ksIamdok iy ludka; WoHdk rg ;=< ys

lsfuka w.h tl;= lsf ludka; ixjOkh ;=<ska
wmkhkh .ekaf l%shdj,shla wdrN lr.

108
iqrCIs; rgla

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18

l,d fl; wiajkq ux.,Hh

u fjkqjg |f Wreuh lrmskakdf.k j;a jQ wre wjfha

iskud y,a, rx.k Yd,d, ixoYk fld mdjg f.dia ;snqKs. r
oelajQ tlu kdgHh ur h muKs. uu cd;sl wdrCIdj ;rKh
lf<. wo fk fmdl=fKa oyila l,d u,a msfmhs. ;%mg,
fg,skdgH ;r.hg ksufjhs. fmd;am;a ,shkafkda fukau lshjkafkda
o iq,Nh. f l,d fl; wiajkq fk<k iuhhs.

idys;Hh


<ud iy fh!jk idys;H lD;s we.hSu iy m%p,s; lsu

i`oyd iqfYaIS rdcH hdka;%Khla ykajd u i|yd
wOHdmk iy Wiia wOHdmk wud;HdxYh hgf;a jeh
YSIhla fjka lr.

idys;H iy wfkl=;a l,dlD;s ksudKh i|yd

l<dlrejkag iyk fmd<shla hgf;a nexl= u.ska Kh
,ndf hdka;%Khla ykajdu iy Bg wod< wkque;sh
,nd .ekSu i|yd ir, iy myiq l%ufohla iys;j cd;sl
ugka tu fCIa;%j, oaj;=ka iy m%K l,dlrekaf.ka
iuka; cd;sl kduf,aLKhla ilia lr'

fl l;d, l fmd;a i|yd we;s b,au my; je we;s

neka tjeks idys;H fmd;m; uqKh by< kexu i|yd
uqK ludka;fha fhfok jHdmdlhskag ksYa; n
iykhla ,ndug lghq;= lr.

;uka iska lD;s m%ldYhg m;a lrk f,aLlhska yg

uQ,HdOdr ,nd f l%uhla ykajd fokafk'

109
iqrCIs; rgla

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ta ta ckj.hka w;r ;u yeS iy is;=,s yqjudre lr

.ekSu ioyd idys;H iudk Wf<,j, iudkhg
md;%jk fmd;m; isxy, fou< bx.%Sis hk NdIdj,g
mj;kh lr rcfha hoka uqKh lsug lghq;=
i,i'

> ld,hla uq,af,a ksy~j mj;k ldhfha fhfok

f,aLl f,aldjka fuu jevigyk hgf;a ,shdmx lr
Tjqkg tu jevigyfka m%uqL;dj fokafk'

kdgHh l,dj


gj fyda,a ry, moku wdYS%;j YS% ,dxlSh kdgH l,df

m%jOkh Wfoid cd;Hka;r kdgH uOHia:dkhla we;s
lsug lghq;= lr.

fk fmdl=K fuka iEu m,d;lgu tla wx.imQK

rx. Yd,d mY%h ne.ska boslr' kdgH mqyqKqf ia:dk
yd l,dlrejkag kjd;eka .ekSu i|yd fkajdisld.dr Bg
we;=<;a lr.

wkd.; ksudKlrejka fldjg mh .ik mdi,a rx.N+

ixjOkhg ixialD;sl wud;HdxYh hgf;a fYAI
jevigykla wdrN lr.

iskudj


;%mg fCIa;%fha Wkak;sh i|yd jdKsc iskudj fukau

l,d;aul iskudjla o mj;ajdf.k hdu wjYH kuq;a tjeks
;%mg i|yd wdfhdackh lrk ksIAmdoljreka ys nj uu
oks' tu ksid ta i|yd ;%mg ixia:dj yryd m%d.aOk
wdfhdack wruqo,la ksudKh lr. l,d;aul ;%mg
ksudKh i|yd tuska ienE ksIamdok hofuka 60% l
iyk fmd,S Kh uqo,la ,nd fokak.
110

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l,d;aul ;%mg fmkau i|yd miajk uKav,h o" ;reK

iskudfkaf.a ksudK i|yd wjia:dj ,ndu i|yd
kj;u iskud m%oYk uKav,hla ia:dms; lr'

kd.l fydag,a ksjdi ixlSK Nd i,a idmamq ixlSK

wd fmd ia:dkj, Wiia .Kfha l=vd iskud Yd,d wdrN
lsug yelsjkq msKsi wod< wK mk;a ixfYdaOkh lr.

ishu rx.Yd,d iy iskudYd,d ksis m%%;slrKhg ,la

lr'

,dxlSh fou< iskudjla f.dvkeSu i|yd lemjk

ksudKlrejkag mQK rdcH wkq.%yl;ajh ,nd fokafk'

;reK l,dlrejka u;a lsu i|yd Tjqkaf.a ksudK

ldHhka i|yd ;reK nexl=j yryd remsh,a ,shkhla
olajd Kh myiql ,nd fokafk'

jeys l,dlrejka


l,d fCIa;%h fjkqfjka uq ;hu lem lr j;udkfha

yqol,du iy wirKNdjhg m;a isk l,dlrejkag
;fha ieoE iuh iduldj .; lsu i|yd l,dlre
lD;.=K ksjdi l%uhla wdrN lr.

ksudK ldhfha fhfok ksudKfka wksjdh Y%du

jegqma l%uhlg odhl lr .ekSu iy ta ;=<ska Tjqka hm;a
l< wkqkag w; fkdmd j;aug iqiq wdodh ud.hla
ilia lsu uf.a hq;=lula fia i,l'

.S; ksudK fa;%fha .dhl .dhsldjkag yd .S;

rplhkaf.a ksudK whs;sh iq/lSu yd Tjqkag ys m%;s,dN
,ndug u;a ls%hdud.hla .ks'

111
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19

iudc wdrCIKh

jfhdajDoaO foumshka /ln,d .kafka jeys orejkah. ta wfma rf

we;s iudc wdrCIK l%uhhs. tfy;a j;udkfha we;s ;sfnk we;e
Iu;d ksid lsish msila wirKNdjhg m;ajk nj uu oks.
jeys fha oefkk yqfol,dj Tjqka ;=< ishq yd ixlSK
ufkdaNdjhka we;s lrk nj uu oks. tu ksid wirKNdjhg m;a
jQjka fukau fcHaIaG mqrjeishka i|yd o l,dlrejkag iqrCIs;
jevms<sfj<la uu l%shdjg kxj.


wd:l ixjOkfha iy fi!LH ixrCIKfha hym;a

m%;sM,hla jkafkA wdhq wfmaCIdj by<hdu iy Y%du
jhfia;a ksfrda.Sj jev lsug we;s yelshdj hqKq uh.
ta ksid rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl fowxYfhau Y%dlhska kej;
jefvys fhh yels ixjOk n,ldhla uu ksudKh
lr. rf ixjOk ldhkays wjYH u.fmkau
WmfoaYkh iy Tjqf.a oekqu yd w;aoelS wod< ldhhg
,ndu Tjqkg mejfrk ldhNdrhhs.

Ydu jegqma iy oekg l%shd;aul jk O iudc wdrCIK

l%uhka wdY%%s;j we;s .eg fidhd n,d fkdmudj iu
i|yd wjYH ksfoaY bm;a lsu i|yd lgqjla m;a lr'

oekg we;s iudc wdrCIKh uKav,h mq,a n,;, iys;

kshduk wldhla njg m;alr'

Wm;ska fyda wk;=re u.ska wdnd; isk iEu

idudlfhl=gu ksis iudc f.!rjh yd wdrCId ie,fik
whqka wOHdmkh ,eug lsish jk jD;a;shl kshe<Sug
wjYH h jevigyk l%shdjg kxj.

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jdld,h ldxisfhka f;drj .; lsu i|yd Yr iqj;dj

myiql yd fkdao myiqlj,ska mmQK fogqmqr wNsuka
ie, uOHia:dk iEu m%dfoaYsh fldGdihlu msysgqj.

mej;s rchka 1977, 2001 hk ue;sjrKhkag miqj isl<

ue;sjrK m%pKAv l%shd iy foaYmd,k m<s.ekSj,g
,lajQjka yg O fya;= ksid wod< jka uqo,a fkd,e we;s
nj ug oek.kakg ,e we;. ish fya;= mfil,d tu
f. jydu islsug mshjr .kafk.

jir 20 lg jvd je ld,hla fcHda;sIh iy n,sf;d,a

IhkayS fyda im%odhsl foaYSh ffjoH l%uhkays kshef<k
msiaj,g wfkl=;a l,dlrejkag yd foaYSh ffjoHjrekg
,ndfok rdcH wkq.%dyl;ajh ,nd fokafk.

wdmod l<uKdlrKh


ks;r we;sjk Odldrfha iajNdl wmod l,ska

ykd.ekSu i|yd wjYH m%udKj;a ;r w;skk
;dCIKsl WmlrK wod< wud;HdxYhg ,nd fokafk'
tuska m;g fmr wod< ck;dj wdrCIs; ia:dk fj;
fhduq lsf CIKsl ldh idOk tallhla ia:dmkh lr'

wmodj,g uqyqK fok ck;dj blaukska h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a

lr Tjqkaf.a jk meje;aug ydks fkdjk fia l%shd;aul
f cd;sl jevms<sfj<la ilia lr'

u;ska wirK jQjka



u;ajHj,g wneys isk jd orejka thska ksoyia lr

.ekSu cd;sfha hq;=luls' ta i|yd >ld,Sk fukau

113
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f,dj kk u.

flld,Sk l%ufohla ksudKh fldg l%shd;aul lsu

i|yd ldh idOk n,ldhla jydu wdrN lr'


u;ajHj,g weneysjQ ;reK ;reKshka i|yd iEu

ia;%slalhlu wd.l isoaOia:dkh flaJlrf.k
mqkre;a:dmk uOHia:dk ia:dmkh lr'

<ud wmrdOlrejka iy isr.;j isk ;reKhska ksjerj

iudc.; lsu i|yd;a wmrdOld;ajfha Iu pl%fhka
Tjqka .<jd .ekSu i|yd;a Tjqkaf.a jk wNs,dIhka by<
kexug yelsjk wdldrfha kj mqkre;a:dmk uOHia:dk
cd,hla ia:dmkh lr'

114
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20

idufha ixyshdf m%;s,dN ck;djg

;%i;
a l%h
s d inkaOfhka ielmsg r|jd.k isk" oekg kvq
mjrd ke;s ishu W;=f ;reK ;reKshkag kvqmeju
fyda fkdmeju inkaOfhka fidhd n,d fkdmudj l%shd
ud.hla .ekSu msKsi Y%dl ksiqrejrfhl=f.a
m%Odk;ajfhka mQK n,;, iys; lgqjla m;a lr.

f,dalfha lsis rgl is fkdl< m b;sydifha m<uqjrg

udkqISh fufyhqf ck;dj w;yer .sh jdyk o ijd
;enQ rka wNrK o yuqod ksier wkkH;dj ;yjqre lr
.ekSfuka miqj kej; mjrd f ldhh o f jir ;=<
imQK lr.

;%ia;jd ;ck mej;s wjia:df wdrCIl yuqod iska

myrKhg .kq ,enQ ;ukag wh;a ke;s bvlv yd
f.dvke.s,s o udkqISh fufyhqu wjika fuka miq kej;
yslrejkag mjrd f lghq;= f jk g iEfyk rg
ksudlr we;af;' cd;sl wdrCIdjg ;ckhla fkdjk m
ksYa; ld, rduqjla ;=< tu lghq;a; wjika lr.

;%ia;jdoh fya;=fjka l,la m%Odk ixjOk Odrdfjka

neyer is W;=re kef.kysr ;reK ;reKshka cd;sl
ixjOk l%shdoduhg iudk yjq,alrejka f,i odhl
lr.ekSu msKsi iudc wk;.%yK iy ixyshd l%shdj,sh
f.j;a lsu msKsi uOHld,Sk ld, rduqjla ;=< ksYa;
jevigykla l%shd;aul lr'

b jir ;=< oehg lsre< W;=re iy kef.kysr m<df;a

meje;aug lghq;= fhdo'

115
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jhsfka ljr m,d;l fyda ;%ia;jdoh ksid wj;eka isk

ljr ck fldGdYhlg fyda wh;a jka fkd,e we;s
mjq,a j,g ys ksfoaYs; jka uqo,a ,e fkdue;s k tajd
jydu f.ug lghq;= lr'

W;=re iy kef.kysr m<d;aj,ska wj;ekajQ iy l|jqre.;j

isk isxy," fou< fyda uqia,s ckfldgiaj,g wh;a
mqoa.,hska kej; mx lsf l%shdj,sh lkka fldg ta
ish fokdug ;ukaf.au ksjil mosx f whs;sh
fkdmudj Wod lr fokafk'

wjdikdjka; f,i w;f<diaila jQ cd;sjd fyda w.jd

msia iska we;slrkq ,en we;s iudc .egq wkd.;fha
imQKfhkau keje;aug lghq;= lr' tjeks .egqj,g
ue we;s isxy," fou< fyda uqia,s iEu ckfldgilgu
wh;a mqoa.,hskaf.a wdrlaIdj iy wd.u weoySf whs;sh
;yjqre lr'

j;= wdY%s; m%foaY j, oekg we;s .%du fiajd fldGdY j,

Yd,;ajh ksid tajdfha j;ajk ck;djg ;ukag wjYH
mmd,k lghq;= lr .ekSf O .eg j,g uqyqK ug
isjk nj uu oks' tu ksid tu fldGdY kej; ilia
lsug lghq;= lr'

jhsfka tla tla m<d;aj,g we;s wOHdmk iy fi!LH

myiql" h;, myiql yd fmd myiql tl iudk
ugug f.k tau ioyd wjYH lghq;= imdokh lr'

116
iqrCIs; rgla

f,dj kk u.

uyskao ka;kfha wdoYh f,djgu

2005 uyskoa ka;kh bm;a lrk g f,dalfha lsis rglg ;ksj
ke.sug fkdyelsh hk u;h oerE cd;Hka;r wdh;k wo
fm!oa.,SlrKh fjkqjg l<ukdlrK fjkial islsu
inkaOfhka Wmfoia fok tall wdrN lr ;sf wdoYh wfmah
tuksid ;u rgj, ixjOk m%d:kd bgqlr .ekSug leu;s rgj,g
uyskao ka;k m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg kxjk wdldrh ms<sn|j
u.fmkau i|yd uyskao ka;k f,al ldhd,h ksudKh lr

Tn ish fokdf.a ck jrka f ish,a,

h:d:hla njg m;a lsug
ug Tnf.a wkque;sh" iyfhda.h" yd Yla;sh wjYHh'
wm kQ rg" f.dv ke.+ wdorKSh ud;DN+h"
wdishdf wish
iy
f,dj kQ wNsudkkSh foaYh njg m;a lruq'
ud Tng iqrlaIs; rgl iqn wkd.;hla m;'

117
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f,dj kk u.

igyka

118
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