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Place of Articulation PP:SN

This document discusses various phonological processes that occur in connected speech including assimilation, elision, linking, contractions, weak forms, and rhythm. It provides examples of how sounds can change at word and phrase boundaries in casual speech compared to citation forms through processes like assimilation where sounds take on attributes of neighboring sounds, elision where sounds are omitted, and linking where intrusive sounds are added between words. Contractions are also covered as a process where words fuse together. Rhythm and weak forms are mentioned as important aspects of connected speech related to stress patterns.

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Robert Kennedy
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50 views7 pages

Place of Articulation PP:SN

This document discusses various phonological processes that occur in connected speech including assimilation, elision, linking, contractions, weak forms, and rhythm. It provides examples of how sounds can change at word and phrase boundaries in casual speech compared to citation forms through processes like assimilation where sounds take on attributes of neighboring sounds, elision where sounds are omitted, and linking where intrusive sounds are added between words. Contractions are also covered as a process where words fuse together. Rhythm and weak forms are mentioned as important aspects of connected speech related to stress patterns.

Uploaded by

Robert Kennedy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Place of articulation

(a) Bilabalisation of alveolar sounds


- /t/ -> /p/ before /m/, /b/, /p/ Eg: /t p:sn/ -> /p p:sn/
- /d/ -> /b/
Eg: /gd b/ -> /gb b/
- /n/ -> /m/ before /m/, /b/, /p/ Eg: /kn pln/ -> /km
pln/
(b) Velarisation of alveolar sounds
- /t/ -> /k/ Eg: /brait kl/ -> /braik kl/
- /d/ -> /g/ Eg: /gd kk/ -> /gg kk/
- /n/ -> // Eg: /hju:mn kptl/ -> /hju:m kptl/
(c) Palatalisation of alveolar sounds
- Alveolar /s/ -> //, Alveolar /z/ -> // when followed by // or /j/
Eg: /Is u/ -> / I u/
/z jIz/ -> / jIz/
(Roach, 2009)

ASSIMILATION

Phonation (Voicing)
- A phoneme changes to match the phonation of the previous or
following sound.
(i)
Plural morpheme
o voiceless /s/, voiced /z/ - according to preceding sound
Eg: cats -> /kts/
dogs -> /dgz/
(ii)
Past tense morpheme
afinal"t","d"andaninitial"j"folowingoftencombinetoform""
and"
"
Eg:/kud
o voiceless /t/, voiced
/d/
- according
to preceding sound
Progressiveassim
ilation
Eg: missed -> /mist/
Regressiveassim
ilation
robbed -> /rbd/
aprocessinspokenorconnectedspeechinwhichaparticularsoundorphonemechangestobecomemorelikeanadja(Roach,
centsound.
2009)

Manner of articulation
- Final plosive becomes a fricative or nasal
Eg: that side - /t said/ -> /s said/
good night - /gd nait/ -> /gn nait/
(Roach,
2009)

E L L IS IO N

occurswhenasoundisomittedandit'satypical featureof connectedspeech.


omissionof /t/
Eg: /nek
mainlyoccursinwordsendingwith/t/ and/d/ andparticularlywhentheyarebetween2otherconsonants
omissionof /d/
Eg: /l

L I N

I N

/ r /

E g : /f :m j l e / - > /f :m j l
E g : /h
In tr u s iv e /r/
In tr u s iv e /w / a n d /j/
fa c e a " v o w e l- v o w e l" w o r d ju n c tio n
th e in s e r tio n o f a n /r / b e tw e e n 2 w o r d s w h e r e th e 1 s t w o r d e n d s w ith / / o r / :/ a n d th e n e x t w o r d b e g in s w ith a v o w e l.
t h e / r / s o u n d m a y b e p r o n o u n c e d if t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d b e g i n s w i t h a v o w e l
E g : / ju : a : / - > / j u :

I A

I S

m
o s t c o m
m
E g : h e r e C
o m
m
o n
f e
i n s e r t i o n
o f

o
a
a

p
t u
s

r e
o

n
o

e
f

m
c

o
b

n
e

/ r / ,

t i n
t w

u
e

i t y
n

/ j / ,
a
2

/ w
n
o

d
t h

/
n
e

a t u
r s

r a

f l o

C
O
N
T
R
A
C
T
IO
N
S

JUNCTURE

closejuncture-withinaword
Eg: nightrate->nitrate
openjuncture->between2words
Eg: mightrain->/matren
/
thepausebetweenthe2words(merelysoundthesame)isthejuncturethatdifferentiatesthephrases

(Roach,2009)
mytrain->/matren
/

E
g
:H
e
's,I'm
,I've
,H
e
'l,D
o
e
sn
't,W
e
rn
't, It's,T
h
e
y're
,T
h
e
y've
,T
h
e
y'l,C
o
u
ld
n
't,S
h
e
'd (P
G
M
o
d
u
le
,2
0
1
2
)
ap
ro
ce
sw
h
e
naw
e
a
kfo
rm
o
cu
rsw
itho
rn
e
xtoa
n
o
th
e
rw
o
rda
n
dth
e
yto
g
e
th
e
rg
oth
ro
u
g
ha
n
o
th
e
re
d
u
ctio
n
.T
h
e
n
,th
e2w
o
rd
sa
rep
ro
nu
n
ce
da
s1w
o
rd
.

(U
n
d
e
rh
il,1
94
)

W
E
A
K
F
O
R
M
S

R
H
YTH
M

sylablesoundsthatbecom
eunstresedinconectedspechandareoftenthenpronouncedasaschw
a//
E
g:
foundintheregularoccurenceofstressedsylables
beatofalanguage
rhythmfalsatequalphraseandspacedevenlythroughsentence.
Eg: ' ' ' '
'
W
alkdownthepathtotheendofthecanal.
m
ajorpartoftherhythmisform
edbythewordstressandsentencestressw
hichisknow
nasstress-tim
edrhythm

(PPGM
odule,2012)
(R
oach,2009)

(P
P
G
M
odule,2012)

ASPECTS OF CONNECTED
SPEECH

Aspects of connected speech

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