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Jackson Problem Solution 6 17

1) The document discusses how to transform Maxwell's equations under a duality transformation that relates electric and magnetic charges. 2) It shows that under such a transformation, the Lorentz force equation retains its form if the electric and magnetic charges are also transformed according to specific relations. 3) It further discusses how momentum and angular momentum are also invariant under such a duality transformation when the charges are transformed.

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2K views2 pages

Jackson Problem Solution 6 17

1) The document discusses how to transform Maxwell's equations under a duality transformation that relates electric and magnetic charges. 2) It shows that under such a transformation, the Lorentz force equation retains its form if the electric and magnetic charges are also transformed according to specific relations. 3) It further discusses how momentum and angular momentum are also invariant under such a duality transformation when the charges are transformed.

Uploaded by

mohammadi1360
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrodynamics

Spring, ‘05
Problem Set 2

Problem 2
Jackson 6.17

Part (a)
The Lorentz force on a charged particle is:
G G G G
(
F = q E+v×B )
If all particle have a constant ratio of electric to magnetic charge, then the duality
G
G G G G E
transform of E ′ = E cos ξ + cB sin ξ and B′ = B cos ξ − sin ξ will change Maxwell’s
c
equations with magnetic charges to the standard form. Using this in the Lorentz force
gives:
G G G G
(
F = q E ′ + v × B′ )
G G G G q sin ξ
= q cos ξ E + q sin ξ cB + q cos ξ v × B − v× E
c

At this point, qe = q cos ξ and to get Jackson’s equation, qm = qcµ0 sin ξ . This gives a
constant ratio of qm / qe = µ0 / ε 0 tan ξ = Z 0 tan ξ . This gives the Lorentz force of

G
G G B G G G G
F = qe E + qm + qe v × B − qmε 0 v × E
µ0

Part (b)

For general charges, you have to transform the charges as well as the fields. First
transform the fields:
G
G G B′ G G G G
F = qe′ E ′ + qm′ + qe′v × B′ − qm′ ε 0 v × E ′
µ0
G
G E 
 B cos ξ − sin ξ 
G G c
( )
= qe′ E cos ξ + cB sin ξ + qm′  +
µ0
G
G G E  G G G
(
qe′v ×  B cos ξ − sin ξ  − qm′ ε 0 v × E cos ξ + cB sin ξ
c
)
 
G
 qm′ sin ξ  G B
=  qe′ cos ξ −  E + ( qm′ cos ξ + qe′ µ0 c sin ξ ) +
 µ0 c  µ0
 qm′ sin ξ  G G G G
 qe′ cos ξ −  v × B − ( qm′ cos ξ + qe′ µ0 c sin ξ ) ε 0 v × E
 µ0 c 

Thus, if qe = qe′ cos ξ − qm′ sin ξ / Z 0 and qm = qm′ cos ξ + qe′ Z 0 sin ξ , then the force is
invariant.

Part (c)

Equation 6.155 gives you the impulse on particle 2 with electric charge due to a magnetic
charge of at the origin. If there were an additional electric charge at the origin and an
e g −e g
additional magnetic charge at 2, you would get ∆p y = 2 1 1 2 . The minus sign comes
2π b
from the sign difference in the cross product terms for the electric and magnetic fields.
e g −e g
The angular momentum changes is ∆Lz = 2 1 1 2 and if this is quantized in units of
2π
= , this becomes e2 g1 − e1 g 2 = nh . Under a duality transform (the same ξ applies to all
particles),
 g ′ sin ξ   g1′ sin ξ 
e2 g1 − e1 g 2 =  e2′ cos ξ − 2  ( g1′ cos ξ + e1′Z 0 sin ξ ) −  e1′ cos ξ −  ( g 2′ cos ξ + e2′ Z 0 sin ξ )
 Z 0   Z 0 
= e2′ g1′ cos 2 ξ − g 2′ e1′ sin 2 ξ + e2′ g1′ sin 2 ξ − g 2′ e1 cos 2 ξ
= e2′ g1′ − g 2′ e1′

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