Human Modeling

Student Notes:

CATIA V5 Training
Foils

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Human Modeling

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Version 5 Release 19
December 2008
EDU_CAT_EN_HMN_FF_V5R19

Human Modeling
Student Notes:

About this course

Objectives of the course
Upon completion of this course you will learn how to
- Use Human Model technology in order to leverage your ergonomics
analysis.
- Position and manipulate the manikin within a V5 Scene.
- Evaluate the comfort, the reach, clearance, and the vision of your target
population.

Targeted audience
Designers, Engineers, Human factors specialists, Any Health specialists,
V5 Users.

Prerequisites
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Students attending this course must have knowledge of V5 Digital Mock-up.

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16 hours

Human Modeling
Student Notes:

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Table of Contents (1/3)

Product Overview
Human Builder
Human Measurement Editor
Human Posture Analysis
Human Activity Analysis
Introduction to Human Tools
General Settings
Useful Keyboard Shortcuts
Manikin inside a 3D Context
Accessing the Human Builder Workbench
Human Builder - Settings
Human Builder Toolbars
Preparation of a 3D Scenario
Moving and Manipulating Manikins
Kinematics
Creating Links between Manikins and Geometry
Using Catalog
Analyzing Vision

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

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Table of Contents (2/3)

Report Definition
Creating a Reach Envelope and a Swept Volume
Analyzing Clash
Performing a Simulation
Manikin's Body Dimension
Accessing the Human Measurement Editor Workbench
Human Measurements Editor - Accessing the Workbench
Editing the Accommodation
Changing the Anthropometric Variables
Creating Boundary Manikins
Posture Evaluation
Accessing the Human Posture Analysis Workbench
Human Posture Analysis Toolbars
Editing the Range of Motion
Displaying the Postural Score
Gathering and Analyzing the Results
Standard Ergonomic Analysis
Accessing the Human Activity Analysis Workbench

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Student Notes:

Table of Contents (3/3)

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73
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76
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RULA Analysis
Lift / Lower Analysis
Push / Pull Analysis
Carry Analysis
3D Biomechanics Analysis

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Product Overview
The V5 Human product is a scalable solution that is 100% embedded inside the V5
Architecture. The solution is divided into 4 interacting components: The main product
(HB) and 3 add on. With these tools, the user is able to perform sooner and in a more
efficient manner the different level of ergonomics assessment.
Lets explore together this solution and these products (workbenches) in more details.

Human Builder

Human Measurements Editor

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Human Posture Analysis

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Human Activity Analysis

Human Modeling

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Human Builder (1/2)

Student Notes:

Human Builder is based on a best-in-class human modeling system which, for many
years, has permitted detailed investigation into human-centered design issues in the
context of a workplace before it physically exists.
Human Builder provides very accurate simulation of humans and their interactions
with products to ensure they will operate naturally in a workplace tailored to their
tasks.
The Human Builder product specifically focuses on creating and manipulating digital
humans for 'first level' human-product interaction analysis.

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Human Modeling

Human Builder (2/2)

Student Notes:

Human Builder consists of a number of advanced tools for creating, manipulating and
analyzing how manikins (based on the 5th, 50th and 95th percentile value) can interact
with a product. The manikins can then be used to assess the suitability of a product for
form, fit and function. The manikins can be intuitively created and manipulated in
conjunction with the digital mockup to check features such as reach and vision. A
simple-to-use interface ensures that first-level human factors studies can be
undertaken by non-human factors specialists.

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Tools contained within the Human Builder product include manikin generation, gender
specification, percentile specification, direct Kinematics and Inverse Kinematics
manipulation techniques, animation generation, Constraint, Simulation, Replay, Reach
envelope, Attach-Detach, Coloring, Monocular, binocular and ambinocular vision, as
well as vision output cones.

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Human Modeling

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Human Measurement Editor (1/2)

Student Notes:

Human Measurements Editor is based on a best-in-class human modeling system for the
calculation of anthropometric correct manikins. This product allows any users ( even non
specialist) to generate specific manikins of specific dimensions in order to represent the
target population. Two approaches can be explored: generating a specific manikin to
represent one specific individual, or create a series of manikins that reflect all together a
defined percentage of a population.

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Human Modeling

Human Measurement Editor (2/2)

Student Notes:

The Human Measurements Editor specifically focuses on creating detailed digital

humans for advanced human factors analysis and global target audience
accommodation.
In addition to six default manikins, Human Measurements Editor users can create any
human being from any population anywhere in the world. Users can amend all 103
anthropometrics variables on the manikin or manipulate a smaller number of 'critical'
variables and ask the Human Measurements Editor to determine the rest. These
variables can be altered manually by inputting desired measurements in percentile
value, unit measurement, or by an intuitive 'click and drag' graphical user interface.

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The Human Measurements Editor also has the capacity to define the mean and
standard deviation of all anthropometry variables. Using a unique multi-normal
technique, the Human Measurements Editor ensures that resultant manikins do exist
in the target population. In addition, it is possible to specify the percentage of the
population to be accommodated in the design using the boundary manikin technique.

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Human Modeling

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Human Posture Analysis (1/2)

Student Notes:

Human Posture Analysis offers the ability to evaluate (quantitatively) the posture of
manikins. Human Posture Analysis focuses on how human posture can affect task
performance by analyzing local and global postures, preferred angles, and
comfort. It also allows the users to create manikins with limited range of motion
either created by the age, an handicap or rigid equipment (ex heavy clothing).

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Human Modeling

Human Posture Analysis (2/2)

Student Notes:

Human Posture Analysis permits users to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze

all aspects of manikin posture. Whole body and localized postures can be
examined, scored, iterated, and optimized to determine operator comfort and
performance throughout the complete range of task motion in accordance with
published comfort databases.

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User-friendly dialog boxes provide postural information for all segments of the
manikin. Color-coding techniques ensure that problem areas can be quickly
identified and iterated to optimize posture. Human Posture Analysis allows users
to create specific comfort and strength libraries to meet the needs of individual
applications

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Human Modeling

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Human Activity Analysis (1/2)

Student Notes:

In the demanding global marketplace, ensuring that human fit, form, and function are
comprehensively addressed is becoming an increasingly important aspect of design.
Human Activities Analysis specifically focuses on how a human will interact with objects in
a working environment, as well as the effects of lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling and
carrying on task performance.
This tool allows to validate if the tasks performed by the manikins are respecting the
ergonomics standards currently recognized by the market.

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Human Modeling

Human Activity Analysis (2/2)

Student Notes:

Human Activity Analysis evaluates all elements of human performance from static
posture analysis to complex task activities. Human Activity Analysis possesses a
range of tools and methods that specifically analyze how a manikin will interact with
objects in the virtual environment.
The NIOSH 1981/1991 and Snook and Ciriello (Known as Snook table) equations
measure the effects of lifting/lowering, pushing/pulling, and carrying to fully optimize
task performance. A designer can determine a number of task variables such as action
limit, recommended weight limit, and maximum lifting/lowering weight. Benefits
include accurately predicting human performance, ensuring conformance to health
and safety standards and maximizing human comfort and safety.

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Together, these tools provide designers with a comprehensive, quantitative and

intuitive capability to design products that reflect the key skills as well as the
limitations of the target audience.

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Human Modeling

Introduction to Human Tools

Student Notes:

In this lesson you will learn the general Human Concepts:

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General Settings
Useful Keyboard shortcuts

Specific settings for Human Modeling will be seen before each Workbench

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

General Settings (1/3)

1
Remove
automatic saving

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Define path
for document

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3
Add the path

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

General Settings (2/3)

A. Pre select on geometry
view
B. Manipulation Box
C. Gravitational effect Z
D. Animation

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

General Settings (3/3)

A. Set the level of accuracy

and performance

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B. Setup the Units

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

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Useful Keyboard Shortcuts

Escape10.. Exit the current dialog
box (when there is one)
F1.. Get contextual online help
Shift + F1.. Get help on toolbar icons
Shift + F2.. Toggle the specification
tree overview on and off
F3.. Toggle specification tree
display on and off
Alt + F8. Run macros
Shift + F3.. Activate the graph is the
model is active and
inversely
Home Display the top of the graph
End Display the bottom of the
graph
Page Up Relocate the graph one
page up
Page Down... Relocate the graph one
page down
Ctrl + Page Up. Zoom In the graph
Ctrl + Page Down Zoom Out the graph
Up arrow. Relocate the graph 1/10th
(one tenth) of a page to the
top

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Down arrow. Relocate the graph 1/10th

(one tenth) of a page to the
bottom
Left arrow Relocate the graph 1/10th
(one tenth) of a page to the
left
Right arrow. Relocate the graph 1/10th
(one tenth) of a page to the
right
Ctrl + Tab Swap active document
windows
Alt + Enter.. Run the Properties...
command
Ctrl + C Run the Copy command
Ctrl + F. Run the Search... command
Ctrl + G Run the Selection Sets...
command
Ctrl + N Run the New... command
Ctrl + O Run the Open... command
Ctrl + P. Run the Print... command
Ctrl + S. Run the Save... command
Ctrl + V Run the Paste command
Ctrl + X Run the Cut command

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Human Modeling

Manikin inside a 3D Context

Student Notes:

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You will become familiar with the manipulation of the manikin :

Introduction of the Human Activity Analysis workbench

Defining the Settings
Human Builder Toolbars
Manipulating Manikins
Kinematics
Creating links between manikins and geometry
Using Catalog
Analyzing Vision
Creating a Reach Envelope and a Swept volume
Analyzing clash
Performing simulation

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Specific settings for Human Modeling will be seen before each Workbench

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Human Modeling

Accessing the Human Builder Workbench

Student Notes:

This workbench focuses on creating and manipulating manikins for 'first level' humanproduct interaction analysis. Based on the 5th, 50th and 95th percentile value of a manikin,
you can analyze the interaction with a product.

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You can access the workbench from Start > Ergonomics Design & Analysis > Human Builder

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Human Builder - Settings

A.

Define if you want the

constraint to be update
automatically

B.

Activate the twin segment

activation

C.

Activate the look at function

D.

Define the reference of the

angle of a segment

E.

Enable the Report ID

F.

Define if you want to lock

the grasping motion of the
selected fingers when
selected

G.

A
B
C
D
E

Define if you want to save

manikin specific attributes
on instance or also on the
reference

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Human Builder Toolbars (1/2)

These are the toolbars and icons for

Adds a description to a manikin object

Inserts a new load

Open Vision Window

Inserts a new Report

Computes a Reach envelope

Inserts a new offset

Attach/Detach

Changes the display of a manikin

Load manikin's attributes from a catalog

IK Behaviors

Save manikin's attributes in a catalog

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Inserts a new manikin

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Human Builder Toolbars (2/2)

Posture
Editor

Hand spherical posture

Contact Constraint

Forward Kinematics

Hand cylindrical posture

Coincidence Constraint

Inverse Kinematics
Worker Frame Mode

Hand pinch posture

Fix Constraint

Reach (position only)

Execute auto grasp

Fix On Constraint

Place Mode

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Standard Pose

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Human Modeling

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Preparation of a 3D Scenario
1.

By selecting File/Open in the main menu,

Open the desired CATProduct in the file
selection dialog box.

2.

To Insert an existing component select the

parent product in the specification tree,
right click and select insert an existing
component

3.

To move a part inside a

CATProduct, you have to double
click on the parent product to be
able to move the child.

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Student Notes:

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Human Modeling

Moving and Manipulating Manikins (1/4)

Student Notes:

Integrating a new Manikin

Insert a manikin
using the
following Icon

2.

Select Details
Father product
Name
Gender
Percentile

3.

Select the Option

Population
Model
Referential

4.

Drag the compass

at the destination
prior to insert the
manikin.

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1.

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Human Modeling

Moving and Manipulating Manikins (2/4)

Student Notes:

Integrating an existing Manikins

1. Insert in the current V5 Scene a

manikin that already exist in a
file.

A manikin is always inside

a CATproduct file

Select a file that contains a

manikin and click Open.

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2.

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Moving and Manipulating Manikins (3/4)

Changing the Manikins
Properties
A. The manikin tree is
divided in three sections.

Manikin Tree Organization

B. Under the Profiles or for

any specific segment,
you can change the
properties of the manikin.

C. Using the contextual

menu, you can have
access to the Properties
of segment.
A

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Human Modeling

Moving and Manipulating Manikins (4/4)

Student Notes:

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There are many ways to Move (change position) the Manikin in the scene: At the
Creation, Compass, Place Mode and Manipulation Box.
1.

When creating a
manikin, its possible to
define the exact location
using the referential.

2.

Once created, the

compass is the primary
mode to move the
manikin. Drag the
compass on the manikin,
select the manikin in the
specification tree and
change its position.

Once snapped on
the manikin, use the
green edges or arcs
to move the manikin

The place mode function allows

4.
also to position the manikin on
a specific location. (the Z only
directly aligns the z-coordinate
of the manikins referential with
Drag the compass
the object selected)
on a surface and
select the manikin

Finally, if activated in the tools

> options, the manipulation
box is a rapid way to move the
manikin. Unfortunately, it
does not supported the
rotation since you can only us
the edges.

3.

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Human Modeling

Kinematics (1/7)

Student Notes:

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Forward Kinematics
There are mainly two types of manipulation for the manikin. The first is the forward
kinematics where the segment is controlled directly
1.

Select the segment of the

manikin and activate the
forward kinematics icon.

2.

With the left mouse button,

drag the selected segment so
that the mouse cursor follows
the arrow. By default, the
movement exerted will be done
according to DOF1 (Degree of
Freedom 1).

3.

Change the DOF by clicking on

the right mouse button .

4.

Once the desired posture has

been obtained you can select
the segment and use the right
click button
Reset Mirror copy
Swap copy

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Kinematics (2/7)
Forward Kinematics
For the forward kinematics, the Posture Editor panel allows accurate manipulation.
1.

Select the segment of the manikin and

activate the Posture Editor function.
Segment can also be selected inside
the panel.

2.

With the cursor, slide the button in

order to change the posture. You can
also input a specific value.

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The reference of the angle can be modified in

the option (p19). You can use zero ( as
considered fully extended ( No flexion) or 180
degrees fully extended

3.

Change the DOF directly in the DOF field.

4.

Change the point of view automatically and

display the angular limitation directly on the
segment.

5.

Change the side.

6.

Change the direction of the movement.

7.

Change the posture automatically to 5 default

posture. Check for the referential point
selected when created the manikin

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5
3

2
6
4

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Kinematics (3/7)

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Standard Pose
For the forward kinematics, the Standard pose allows to move the manikin with some
Inverse kinematics components.
1.

Select the Standard Pose

function and click on the
manikin.

2.

There are several tab that

allows to move several part or
segment of the manikin.

3.

For the stoop,

specific portion of
the spine can be
selected.

4.

Temporary constraint (IK mode) can be

activate in order to maintains segment
location while changing the posture of
the manikin.

5.

Activate the view point mode so

the best point of view is
displayed.

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Human Modeling

Kinematics (4/7)

Student Notes:

Standard Pose Auto Grasp

1

Select the Standard Pose function and click on the manikin

Select the Hand Grasp tab

Select the desired type of grasp and click on the manikins hand

4
5

Select the object and click on the Auto Grasp icon

You can maintain the auto grasp activated and use

the reach and IK in sequence. In the tools options,
you can activate a feature that would lock the
selected segment.
This is useful once the hand is closed and you want
to modify the grasp except for the selected fingers

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Its possible to use a separated toolbar for auto

grasp.
By using View > Toolbar > Manikin Hand Grasp

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Kinematics (5/7)
Inverse Kinematics
When using Inverse kinematics of the manikin, there are three mode mainly use in order
to move the manikin, Reach, IK mode and the Constraint: Reach
1.

The reach mode is easily accessible by

clicking the Reach icons.

2.

The are two modes of reach

Position only
Position & orientation
Select the segment you wish to use for
the reach and click on a target (a white
compass appears automatically). Use
the arc of the compass to fine tune the
posture .

4.

If the object is out of reach, the twin

segment will display and the missing
value will be shown.

5.

In the tools > Option > Human Builder >

Display, the option of the display for the
twin segment can be modified.

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3.

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When using the position

& orientation reach,
most of the time you
need to readjust the
orientation using this
specific arc of the
compass.

The reach can be used for every segment of the manikin. Also you can
use CTRL button to select multiple segment.

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Kinematics (6/7)
Inverse Kinematics
When using Inverse kinematics of the manikin, there are three mode mainly use in order
to move the manikin, Reach, IK mode and the constraint: Inverse Kinematics IK Mode
1.

The reach mode is easily accessible by clicking the IK Mode icon.

2.

There are two modes of Inverse

Kinematics Mode:
Segment frame

The compass is aligned

with the segment

Worker Frame

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Using the 3D mouse

3.

Select a kinematics chain and

the compass will snap the its
end-effectors (See 7 control
points in the note below).

4.

Use the compass to position the

hand at the desired position.

5.

In the tools > Option > Human

Builder > Display, the option of
the display for the twin segment
can be modified.

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The compass is aligned with

the hip of the manikin
For example select the arm and the
hand twins (Yellow) will be highlight
with the compass. A temporary
constraint will be create end the
hand will try to match the position
and the orientation of the Twin

The IK mode can be used only by seven

control points on the manikin ( 2 Hands, 2
Feet, Hip, Neck and line of sight )

When using the

position & orientation
reach, most of the
time you need to
readjust the
orientation using this
specific arc of the
compass.

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Kinematics (7/7)
When using the IK function of the manikin ( Reach, IK mode or the constraint)
the IK behavior allows to change the way the manikin reacted

1.

Call the IK Behavior using the

following Icon:

2.

In the specification tree,

you also get the
Properties of the IK
behavior.
5.

3.

Check several combination, start by using the IK

Mode, select both leg (Activate Feet twins) and
then select the hand and drag the hand twin

4.

5.

The Spine section

allows to involved Or
Not some trunk
component when using
the IK. If not activated,
only the arm kinematics
segment will be used
6.

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6.
6.

7.

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The Optimization section Help to automatically find

better postures according to criteria such as the
Postural Angles (Scores) or the Rapid Upper Limb
Assessment (RULA)
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Human Modeling

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Creating Links between Manikins and Geometry (1/4)

1.

Once integrated in the file, any object can be attached to any

manikins segment. Select in sequence; the Attach icon, the
object and then the segment.

2.

If the object is already attached

to a segment, a warning
message will ask if the user want
to attach to other object or
simply detach it.

3.

At any time, the status of objects

attached to the manikin can be
verified by clicking on the
properties of the attaches Node
in the specification tree.

Student Notes:

If the segment is moved and the

object is attached to this segment,
the object will follow. However, if
the object is moved, the segment
does not follow.

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Creating Links between Manikins and Geometry (2/4)

The Offset command is used to redefine the behavior of the Reach Mode. Reach Mode
default behavior is used to make the end point of the selected segment reach the
compass location. The offset command, therefore, allows you to transfer that 'end point'
to a different point in 3D space.
1.

Select the icon, and click on the hand

that has an attached object :

2.

In the panel , input the coordinates of

the offset OR position directly the
compass at the desired offset using
the red box of the compass (Example
move the compass to tip of the tool)
and then click OK

3.

You can create several offset of the

manikin on the same tool or on
different tool he will use. Only one
at the time can be used (activated)

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Example of offset
for the forearm and
the reach function

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Human Modeling

Creating Links between Manikins and Geometry (3/4)

Student Notes:

When using Inverse kinematics of the manikin, the two first mode presented
previously are temporary. If you deactivate the function, the constraint are
removed. Its possible to make these constraint more persistent: Constraint

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1.

There are four different type of constraint:

Coincidence

Allow to have the selected segment that coincide with a line or a plan.

Contact

Allow to have the selected segment in contact with a line, a plan or a

point.

Fix

Allow to have the selected segment at a Specific location in the space.

Fix on

Allow to have the selected segment at a specific location in relation with a

selected object.

2.

In order to create a constraint, simply select the type of

constraint, select the segment and select the object or
the components of the object ( Point, line or plane).

3.

In the tools / Options, the display of the constraint can

be modify according to its status.

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Human Modeling

Creating Links between Manikins and Geometry (4/4)

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4.

Student Notes:

In the Specification tree, each constraint are

accessible, using the contextual menu, you
can get the properties or change the status
directly.

In the tools > Option > Human > Builder > Display,
select if you want to have the constraint updated
automatically when moving an object OR
only after you click on the update button.

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Using Catalog (1/2)

Manikin tree organization

1. 1)

From the Specification

tree, select the attributes
to be saved.

2)

Select the save manikins

attributes in catalog.

3)

Select the desired catalog

or creates a new one with
the Browser icon.

4)

Enter a title for the

manikin attributes that are
about to be saved. Click
on Save. The catalog
browser is updated,
displaying the new
posture/set of attributes
that have been saved.

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2.

The attributes saved

inside the catalog can
also be apply on the
manikin with the icon
load manikin's attributes
from a catalog.

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Manikin Tree Organization

1
You need to be specific on what
attributes has to be saved and for
which segment. If the manikin node
is selected, the attribute for every
segment will be stored. The reverse
process is identical.

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Using Catalog (2/2)

Create a catalog
1

When you use the function 'Save Manikins attributes in a

catalog' click on 'Browse another catalog', select the
desired location and type a new name for a catalog. This
A catalog is a structure composed of the following items: will create a new catalog.

OR

Chapter : This item is a method for categorizing the sub-items contained within

Family : This item is a set of components

Part Family : This item is a set of components referring to a .CATPart document. Part Families are
assigned different sets of parameters values that are managed by a design table.

Component : This item is a reference to an external document or entity and is described by keywords.

Keyword : This item is an attribute describing chapter and family content. Keywords are user-defined.

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For every catalog, there is a

.catalog file and a .CATSwl file.
Those two files must always be
together because the CATSwl
contains all the attributes data.

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Human Modeling

Analyzing Vision (1/2)

1.

Student Notes:

The vision is available either by

double clicking on the vision node in
the specification tree
or selecting the Vision Icon.
Once the vision window is open, you
can edit using the contextual menu by
right clicking on the window.

3.

In the option, all color of the vision

display can be modified

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2.

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Human Modeling

Analyzing Vision (2/2)

In the properties of the vision,
all parameters can be adjusted

5.

By changing the display of the

manikin, the line of sight can be
accessible and used as a
normal segment

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4.

Student Notes:

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Report Definition
Ergonomics analysis, constraints result and vision can be efficiently shared
using the Report function
1.

Click on the report Icon and select the manikin. A

new report will be added in the specification tree:

2.

Using the contextual menu or by double clicking on the

report, select the analysis that needed to be reported.

3.

The report can also be updated using the

updated button.

4.

In the specification tree, the contextual menu

allows also to deactivate the report

5.

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6.

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Select the path for the output and

the format (suggested HTML)

In tools > Option > Human > Builder > General,

the naming function can be activated so a name
can be added every time a report is refreshed

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Human Modeling

Creating a Reach Envelope and a Swept Volume

Student Notes:

The Reach Envelope function evaluates the manikin's arm reachability and the Swept
volume icon generates the volume that is occupied by the manikins segments movement.

1. Select a segment of the hand

and activate the reach envelop
function.

2.

The reach envelop for this

specific segment will be
automatically calculated.

4.

Select the segment you

want to include in the
analysis.

5.

Move the manikin using any functionalities

available ( from FK, IK simulation, etc.) Then
click on stop recording swept volume button

6.

Check the preview.

7.

Both analysis can be exported

and insert in the scene.

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The reach envelop does not include the movement

of the trunk (no matter the option of the IK
behaviors but it does take into consideration the
angular limitations

3.

A similar function can be also

analyzed fir the segment: Swept
volume

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Analyzing Clash (1/3)

The clash analysis analyzes interactions between products and
determines the existing clash.
1
3

Select the item you want to monitor for

collisions.
The Check Clash dialog box
appears.

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Contact + Clash Checks whether two items

occupy the same space and
whether they are in contact.
In addition to checking
Clearance +
Contact + Clash whether the two products or
resources occupy the same
space zone, and whether
they are in contact, this
option checks whether they
occupy a clearance zone
around each other.
Checks whether an item
Authorized
penetrates another object
Penetration
beyond a user-specified
amount.
Clash Rule

Allows you to use Knowledgeware

capabilities for clash.

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Select the Clash icon

Depending of the scenario, chose the appropriate

type of clash you want to determine.

Inside One
Selection

Checks for collisions per specifications

set in the Type pull-down menu. This is
the default setting.

Between All
Components

Checks for collisions per specifications

set in the Type pull-down menu for a
selected product or resource.

Selection
Against All

Checks for collisions per specifications set

in the Type pull-down menu that are
caused by a selected product or resource.

Between Two
Selections

Checks for collisions per specifications

set in the Type pull-down menu occurring
between two selected products or
resources.

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Human Modeling

Analyzing Clash (2/3)

If an object is already attached to the manikin, this object will be considered as a sub
element of the manikin. Therefore, its possible to detect the collision between the tool
handle by the manikin and another object.

Clash analysis data is stored in the Product tree within the Application node

You can review clash results, by clicking the Results

Window button.

If there are clashes, they will be listed in the Check

Clash dialog box.

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Student Notes:

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Human Modeling

Analyzing Clash (3/3)

Student Notes:

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The clash detection activates or deactivates automatic clash detection in a simulation

The elements involved in the collision will

be highlighted in the 3D viewer by
activating the Clash detection (ON).

The elements involved in the collision will be

highlighted in the 3D viewer and manikin
motion will stop by activating the settings
Stop on collision (see next icon).

To set an audible feedback, select the Tools > Options >

DMU Fitting from the main menu. Under the DMU
Manipulation tab, activate or de-activate the Clash
Feedback as shown.

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Performing a Simulation (1/2)

Movement of the manikin can be saved using two different functions: Simulation OR
Track
1.

Select the Simulation Icon and pick in the

list the object that you want to simulation.

4.

Generate a Replay.
The replay will
appear in the
Specification tree.

5.

Real Video can be generated

for the manikin: Need to select
the simulated object: Manikin

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Double click the items and use

the keys to run the simulation
2.

Move the manikin using the

Forward kinematics and click
Insert for every desired frame
and click Ok when completed.

3.

In the specification tree,

a new node will be
created called
Simulation.

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A simulation can be done for an object

(Inserted inside a shuttle). Run the simulation
of the object and put a constraints between the
hand an the object.

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Performing a Simulation (2/2)

Movement of the manikin can be saved using two different functions: Simulation OR Track
1.

Select the track Icon.

4.

2. Pick one of the seven control points

of the manikin: 2 Hands, 2 Feet,
Hip, Neck and line of sight.

Generate a Replay.
The replay will appear
in the Specification
tree.

Double click the items

and use the keys to
run the simulation.

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5.

Real Video can be generated for the

manikin: Need to select the
simulated object: Manikin

Select the type of interpolation

between the frame.
3. Using the compass,
move the segment and
record each frame and
click OK.

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A simulation can be done for an

object (Inserted inside a shuttle).
Run the simulation of the object
and put a constraints between the
hand an the object.

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Human Modeling

Manikins Body Dimension

Student Notes:

You will become familiar with the anthropometry of the manikin :

Introduction of the Human Activity Analysis workbench

Editing the accommodation
Changing the anthropometrics variables

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Creating boundary manikins

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Human Modeling

Accessing the Human Measurement Editor Workbench

Student Notes:

In this workbench, there are six default population of manikins, but you can manually
create specific manikins according to your data. The 103 anthropometrics variables on
the manikin can be modified or a smaller number of 'critical' variables can be
manipulated. In that case, the Editor will determine the rest of the value according to
the predefined correlation.

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Accessing the workbench

1.

From the main top menu.

2.

By clicking on the following icon

3.

By double clicking on the anthropometry in the specification tree.

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Human Modeling

Human Measurements Editor - Accessing the Workbench

Student Notes:

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This is the toolbar for

Returns to the previous workbench

Interpolation

Switches Gender

Display

Population

Descriptions

Applies a Posture

Load manikin's attributes

from a catalog

Displays the variable list

Save manikin's attributes in catalog

Filter

Reset

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Editing the Accommodation

This concept consists to the definition of the percentage of accommodation of the target
population. This function is mainly used when you want to do not want to accommodate the
entire population. The cost of a design is more important when you try to accommodate the
tallest and the smallest at the same time.

1.

In this workbench, you can

change the gender, the
population directly using the
following icon.

2.

Use the Filter, Posture and

View panel in order to select
different anthropometrics
variables

A best compromise would allow you to accommodate

most of the population at the minimum cost. Usually
an accommodation rate between 80and 90%
represent a good compromise.

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3.

Once you have identified the critical

variable, the first thing to do when
you want to generate non-standard
manikins is to select the type of
interpolation and the percentage of
accommodation. Pick Multinormal
and 90 %.

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Human Modeling

Changing the Anthropometric Variables

Student Notes:

This concept consists change the value of different anthropometrics variables within the limits
of the target population. This function is mainly used you do not want to work with standard
manikins. A 50th manikin might have different arm length and this later might be crucial for
your work station.
1.

In the following
widow, you can select
and double-click on
any critical variables.

or select the edit variable

icon.

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After changing the type of

management to manual you
can input the value you want

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Of course, the software will

change all the others values to
the most probable. It will also
indicates the limits of the
variable.
This is the posture used to input the data, it
better to reflect the posture used in the scene

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Creating Boundary Manikins (1/2)

This concept consists to generate extreme manikins for a specific number of variables and for
a specific percentage of the target population. This function is mainly used when the standard
manikin (5,50 and 95th) are not enough for your analysis.

1.

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2.

Identify the critical

variable for your
workstation.

3.

Organize the variable in order to define

the less correlated variable using a
matrix.

The generation of boundary

manikin considers the mean,
the standard deviation and
correlation between each
variable. This information is
available in the SWS file
within the online
documentation.

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Human Modeling

Creating Boundary Manikins (2/2)

Check the minimum and the maximum value
for each variable.

2.

Always by following the sequence, you will

generate all the minimum and maximum
value of each critical variable.

3.

Each time you have complete a sequence,

the result is boundary manikin that you can
save into a catalog.

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1.

Student Notes:

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Human Modeling

Posture Evaluation

Student Notes:

You will become familiar with the analysis of the manikins postural information

Introduction of the Human Activity Analysis workbench

Editing the range of motion
Displaying the postural score

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Gathering and analyzing the results

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Human Modeling

Accessing the Human Posture Analysis Workbench

Student Notes:

This workbench allows you to analyze local and global postures, preferred angles and
comfort. The color code and score provides postural information for all segments of
the manikin and also permits to optimize the posture. According to scientific
documentations, a catalog of preferred angles or angular limitations can be created for
special population or predefined scenario.
Accessing the workbench

1.

From the Main Top Menu

OR

Double clicking directly on a manikins segment

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2.

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Human Posture Analysis Toolbars

These are the toolbars and icons for

Edits the angular limitations

and the preferred angles

Opens the Postural Score Panel

Optimizes the angular limitations

according to the best preferred angles

Finds the posture which maximizes

the postural score

Sets the angular limitations according

to a percentage between 0 and 100
Locks the active DOF

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Removes the angular limitations

Reset angular limitations
Customized Joint

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Human Modeling

Editing the Range of Motion (1/4)

Student Notes:

Angular limitations and Preferred angles

Those functions allows you to define inside a specific range of motion the best zone to conduct a
designed task. The criteria of the zone can be: Comfort, force, etc. This function is mainly used when
you want to evaluate the posture of various manikins inside a workstation. To realize a unique task,
the posture of the manikins might be different according to their dimensions. In this case, their
comfort will be different as well as their energy, etc.
This function is mainly used when you want to evaluate the posture of various manikins inside a
workstation. To realize a unique task, the posture of the manikins might be different according to
their dimensions. In this case, their comfort will be different as well.
Using the following Icon, the range of motion (Angular limitations) and the criteria zone (Preferred
angles) can be modified according to your specific scenario or manikins characteristics

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Editing the Range of Motion (2/4)

Angular Limitations allows you to set restrictions on the upper and lower limits of
movement (in degrees) on a particular DOF of the manikin.

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Edit the limit (Angular limitation) by double

clicking on them directly OR with the
contextual menu and select Edit

To modify the angular limitations, you

have to Select 'Activate manipulation'
and change the limit

Save the angular limitation in a

catalog using this icon.

To reset the angular limitations, open

the dialog box and select the angular
limitation you want to reset.

Using the following icon, you can

remove all angular limitation on
selected segments

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OR

The default range of

motion is displayed in
this panel (50% of the
population). The bigger
the range of motion
smaller is the
accommodation (only the
elite are really flexible)

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Human Modeling

Editing the Range of Motion (3/4)

Student Notes:

Preferred Angles allows you to create or edit preferred angles within the whole
manikin range of motion. For example, it can refer to areas where the manikin
would be comfortable, stronger or be in a safe posture.
7

You can add or remove preferred

angles for each DOF of the articulation

In the Preferred Angles dialog box, the

characteristics of each preferred angles
must be detailed according to the
scenario
You can save those preferred angles in
a catalog by selecting the Preferred
angles node in the specification tree.

10 You can also limit or optimized

the range of motion according
to the preferred angles.

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Or simply lock completely the

mobility of a joint.

By selecting the segment and

(ctrl key) on the preferred angles
node in the Specification tree,
you can do a Mirror Copy of
those preferred angles.

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Human Modeling

Editing the Range of Motion (4/4)

Student Notes:

The Customize joint function groups segments on the upper body (including the spine
and the head). This creates a new segment for the Postural Score analysis. This will
give more flexibility for analyzing the posture of the trunk. It allows you to create virtual
segments of the pelvis, trunk, neck and head on which you will be able to edit preferred
angles with a score.
Using the customized joint function, you can create virtual joint with a set of upper body segments

11 (including the spine and the head). These virtual Segments can be created for any Degree of Freedom

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(DOF). Then, you will be allowed to specify standard Preferred Angles with a score.

Options:
Select Whole Spine to score all vertebrae as a single element.
Select Each Vertebras to score each vertebra individually.
Select Whole Hand to regroup each finger into a global element.
Select Each Fingers to score each finger individually.

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Human Modeling

Displaying the Postural Score (1/3)

Student Notes:

The Postural Score Analysis feature is used to evaluate the manikin's posture. Once the
preferred angles have been specified or loaded from a library, you can evaluate the
posture using the postural score function.
By opening the postural score panel, the Postural Score
Analysis dialog box is displayed with the Display List as the
default

The following information is displayed according to the

selected Display type:

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Global Score this item is the total posture score for all
segments combined.
Current Score this item is the average score of all
items in the current list.
Selected Score this item is the posture score for all
selected items on the multi-list.
Favorites this item is customizable and displays all
preferred angles, even if they have never been edited.
If you choose the List display, scores will be displayed as
percentages in list form. If you choose the Chart display,
scores will be displayed in chart form.

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Human Modeling

Displaying the Postural Score (2/3)

Student Notes:

Use the Segment coloring to display color on the manikins

segment according to the score of the preferred angle
Under the manikins properties its possible to
change the coloring options
Active: check if you want to activate the coloring.
All: activates the coloring.
All but Maximum Scores: activates the coloring on all
segments except those with scores at their maximum.
This feature can be used, for instance, to display colors
only if the manikin goes out of its zone according to the
score.

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Element to color: These check boxes are used to select

the parts that will change color.
Degree of Freedom: This combo is used to choose the
degree of freedom to activate.

By activating the coloring, you can

get highlights for the worst case.

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Human Modeling

Displaying the Postural Score (3/3)

Student Notes:

The function Find the Posture which maximizes the Postural Score changes the position of the
body so as to maximize the global postural score of the manikin.

By using this icon, you can find the posture which

maximizes the postural score that you have edited before

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Only the edited preferred angles are saved in a catalog. For this reason, its
possible to load different preferred angles on the same manikin. You can keep the
previous preferred angles if its according to different segment or DOF.

The score that is assigned on a zone is the only indicator of a preferred

angle. Specific Color, name is not an indicator of preferred angles.

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Human Modeling

Gathering and Analyzing the Results

Student Notes:

This concept consist in gathering all different types of results into a single document.
Analyzing the posture using a unique database might minimize the accuracy of your
analysis. This approach allows to gather different results in order to obtain a more
objective analysis.

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Here different manikin

(standard, boundary)

Here different analysis

database

Here different population

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Human Modeling

Standard Ergonomic Analysis

Student Notes:

You will become familiar with the use of standard ergonomic analysis

Introduction of each workbench

RULA ergonomic analysis
Lift /lower ergonomic analysis
Push/pull ergonomic analysis

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Carry analysis

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3D Biomechanics

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Human Modeling

Accessing the Human Activity Analysis Workbench

Student Notes:

This workbench allows investigation between the manikin and the working
environment. All the analysis (RULA, lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling and carrying) are
based on scientific ergonomics analysis. Those analysis help to identify critical task
and evaluate the manikins action.

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Accessing the workbench

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

RULA Analysis
The RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) system was developed at the University
of Nottingham's Institute for Occupational Ergonomics (Reference: Lynn McAtamney
and E. Nigel Corlett, RULA: A Survey Method for the Investigation of Work-related
Upper Limb Disorders). It was developed to investigate the exposure of individual
workers to risks associated with work-related upper limb disorders.
1.

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2.

The RULA analysis is mainly use for static

posture. The analysis record the current
posture of the manikin and once the
specifications have been input, RULA
provides you with a Score
In some case, the record of the manikins
posture might be different than from a real
worker. At this time, you can change
manually some input in order to reflect with
more accuracy the reality

3.

The score (1-7 is associated with a specific

color code (green to red ) and a comments.

4.

Once the specifications have been input in

the panel, Create a report and add RULA or
RULA detailed in the report .

5.

Click update when ever you want to compile

a RULA analysis and out put in the Report.

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1
1
2

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Human Modeling

Lift / Lower Analysis (1/2)

Student Notes:

This concept consists in three different analysis: NIOSH 81, NIOSH 91 and
Snook&Ciriello. Those analysis are standard matrix that analyze the current posture
of the manikin and some specifications such as initial posture, final posture,
duration, repetition, etc. Those analysis are mainly used for lifting and lowering
tasks. Each of them are using different specifications and provide you with specific
results.

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Once you have identified two postures into the lift and lowering panel,
you can conduct 3 different lifting and lowering analysis: NIOSH 81,
NIOSH 91 and Snook& Ciriello.

NIOSH 81 is mainly for symmetric tasks and provides you with two
recommended weights.
Based on different population SAMPLE, NIOSH 91 allows to
simulate trunk rotation and provide one recommended weight.
Snook&Ciriello allows you to introduce different grabbing
condition and provide you with two recommended weights and a
Lifting Index (current lifted weight/recommended weight).

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Human Modeling

Lift / Lower Analysis (2/2)

2

Student Notes:

Place the manikin in the first posture, click initial in the panel and click Record/modify button, perform
the same operation for the final postures. By toggling the buttons initial and final the postures can be
automatically updated and double checked.

Specifications (depending of the guidelines choice)

1 lift every: Increase or decrease the value according to the lift frequency.
Duration: Duration of the work (hours per day). Occasional if the value is one hour or less
continuous if the value is 8 hours

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Coupling condition: Quantify the quality of the hand-to-object. (Good, Fair or Poor)
Good - a comfortable grip in which the hand can easily wrap around the object
Fair - a grip in which the hand can be flexed about 90 degrees.
Poor - when the object is hard to handle (irregular, bulky, sharp edges, etc.)
Object weight: Enter the load weight. This value is used for the lifting index calculation.
Population sample: Three population percentiles are provided: 90th, 75th, and 50th.
Score
Origin: This result is based on the initial posture of the manikin.
Destination : This result is based on the final posture of the manikin
Action Limit (AL): Represents the weight below which the task could be considered as
reasonably safe.
Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL): Represents a limit above which the lifting task is
considered as hazardous and requires engineering controls.
Maximum Acceptable Weight: The weight that can be handled with reasonable safety
Recommended Weight Limit (RWL): Load weight that healthy workers can lift over a
certain period of time without risk.
Lifting Index (LI): Relative estimation of the level of physical stress

A report of these analysis can be generated automatically. The access to update the report is
specific to these analysis because initial and final posture need to be identified manually.

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Push / Pull Analysis

This analysis is a standard matrix that analyze the current posture of the manikin and
some specifications such as duration, distance, etc. Those analysis are mainly used to
evaluate the recommended effort that should be deployed when a worker is pushing or
pulling on a kart in a specific posture.
Once the pushing posture has
been identifies, activate the
Push-Pull Analysis icon

3.

Once the specifications

have been input in the
panel, Create a report and
add PUSH/PULL detailed in
the report .

2. Considering the current posture

of the manikin, input the
specifications (Distance of push,
distance of pull, the frequency
and the population sample)

4.

Click update when ever you want

to compile a RULA analysis and
out put in the Report.

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1.

Smaller is the weight, bigger

is the percentage of the
population that can perform
the task.
Snook & Ciriello provides
you two scores: Initial force
and Sustained force.

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

Carry Analysis

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This analysis is a standard matrix that analyze the current posture of the manikin and some
specifications such as duration, distance, etc. Those analysis are mainly used to evaluate
the recommended effort that should be deployed when a worker is pushing or pulling on a
kart in a specific posture.
1.

Select the desired

posture for carrying the
object.

2.

Activate the carry

analysis.

3.

Input the specifications

(Distance of push,
distance of pull, the
frequency and the
population sample.

4.

Once the specifications

have been input in the
panel, Create a report
and add Carry in the
report.

5.

Click update when ever

you want to compile a
RULA analysis and out
put in the Report.

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Depending of the manikins posture,

the Maximum Acceptable Weight (in
the score section) is different.

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Human Modeling
Student Notes:

3D Biomechanics Analysis
Contrary to the standard analysis (NIOSH, Snook&Ciriello, etc.), the 3D Biomechanics analysis
is the more flexible and accurate analysis for exertion. It allows you to calculate the
compression spine, moment, shear and compare it with recognized standard. It can be used for
an unlimited case study (push, pull lift, twist, etc ).
Considering the current posture of the manikin.
The stress on several joints can be evaluated
efficiently. The load can be apply for different
contexts.

1.

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2.

In Human builder Workbench,

create loads on the hands of
the manikin. Only one load can
be created at the same time.
Input the magnitude and the
orientation of the loads.

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Several types of result output

are available in each tab.

3.

Activate the biomechanics

analysis.

4.

Once the specifications have been input in the

panel, Create a report and add Biomechanics
in the report (Select which output).

5.

Click update when ever

you want to compile a
RULA analysis and out put
in the Report.

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Human Modeling

Course Sum Up

Student Notes:

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In this course you have seen :

Forward and Inverse Kinematics
Constraints
Standard pose
Attach object
Catalogues and libraries
Range of motion
Preferred angle
Anthropometrics variable
Boundary manikins
Simulation and track
Reach function and reach envelop
Vision
Various ergonomics analysis

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