1
13EC256
PES Institute of Technology, Bangalore
(Autonomous Institute under VTU, Belgaum)
Lab Manual
4th semester B.E. Jan-Jun 2015
LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LABORATORY
Experiment 3
Active Bandpass and Active band reject filters
Experiment 3: Active Bandpass and Active band reject filters
Objectives
1. To design, study and plot the frequency response of Narrow Band Pass and Narrow Band Reject Filter
2. To find the roll off factor of the response of the filters, the cut off frequencies and to compare with
theoretical values
Narrow Band Pass Filter A Band pass filter has a pass band between two cut off frequencies.Band pass
characteristic indicates transmission between fL and fh and rejection of all other frequency components.
There are two types of band pass filters-wide band and narrow band. A filter is considered as wide band if
its figure of merit or Quality factor Q < 10. If Q > 10, it is called a narrow band pass filter, Q is a measure
of selectiviety. This implies that higher the value of Q, the more selective is the filter or more narrower is
the bandwidth. The relationship between Q, the 3-dB bandwidth and the center frequency fc is given by
Q = fc /BW = fc /fh fl .
In a narrow band pass filter, the output voltage is a maximum at the center frequency. The Narrow Band
Pass Filter with one opamp has two feedback paths and the opamp is used in
pthe inverting mode
For the wide band pass filter the center frequency fc can be defined as fc = (fh fl )
Experiment: Design a narrow bandpass filter for a center frequency of 1kHz, Q=3 and AF = 10.
Let C1 = C2 = C3 = 0.01F
Design equations:
1. R1 =
Q
= 4.77k
2fc CAF
2. R2 =
Q
= 5.97k
2fc C(2Q2 AF )
3. R3 =
Q
= 95.5k
fc C
4. AF =
R3
2R1
5. AF < 2Q2
Choose R1 = 4.7k, R2 = 6.2k, R3 = 100k
Dept of ECE
13EC256
Figure 1: Active Bandpass filter(Narrow band)Circuit
Figure 2: Active Bandpass filter(Narrow band)Response
Try this: Change the center frequency to 1.5kHz, keeping AF and bandwidth constant. Redesign the
filter. Compare the resistor and capacitor values with that designed earlier. What do you observe?
Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown. Give a sinusoid of frequency 100Hz and amplitude 0.5 V and test for
the output.
2. Tabulate the frequency response by varying the frequency upto 1MHz and note the output amplitude.
3. Compute the gain in decibels, plot the frequency response. Note down the roll-off factor, center
frequency, cut off frequencies. Compute the bandwidth and the Q. Verify if they are close to the
theoretical values. Comment on deviations if any.
Lab Manual
Band pass and band reject filters
Dept of ECE
13EC256
Observations for Frequency Response of Bandpass Filter:
Sl No
Frequency in Hz
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1K
2k
3k
4k
5k
6k
7k
8k
10k
20k
30k
40k
50k
60k
70k
80k
90k
100k
200k
300k
400k
500k
600k
700k
800k
900k
1M
Vin
Vout
Gain
Table 1: Frequency response of Bandpass filter
Band reject filter Band reject filters are also called band stop or band elimination filters. Frequency
components in the stop band are attenuated in the stop band while they are passed outside this band. The
narrow band reject filter often called the notch filter, is commonly used for the rejection of a single frequency.
The most commonly used notch filter is the twin T network which is a passive filter composed of two T
shaped networks. One T network is made up of two resistors and a capacitor, while the other uses two
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capacitors and a resistor. The frequency at which maximum attenuation occurs is given by fN =
2RC
Lab Manual
Band pass and band reject filters
Dept of ECE
Experiment:
13EC256
Design a narrow band reject filter for a notch out frequency of 2kHz
Design equation :
1
fN =
2RC
Choose C = 0.01F and correspondingly choose the resistor
Figure 3: Active Band reject filter(Narrow band)circuit
Figure 4: Active Bandreject filter(Narrow band)response
Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown. Give a sinusoid of frequency 100Hz and amplitude 0.5 V and test for
the output.
2. Tabulate the frequency response by varying the frequency upto 1MHz and note the output amplitude.
3. Compute the gain in decibels, plot the frequency response. Note down the roll-off factor, center
frequency, cut off frequencies. Verify if they are close to the theoretical values. Comment on deviations
if any.
Lab Manual
Band pass and band reject filters
Dept of ECE
13EC256
Observations for Frequency Response of Band reject Filter:
Sl No
Frequency in Hz
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1K
2k
3k
4k
5k
6k
7k
8k
10k
20k
30k
40k
50k
60k
70k
80k
90k
100k
200k
300k
400k
500k
600k
700k
800k
900k
1M
Vin
Vout
Gain
Table 2: Frequency response of Band reject filter
Lab Manual
Band pass and band reject filters
Dept of ECE
13EC256
Results, inferences and conclusions
1. Results for band pass filter
Sl No
1
2
3
4
5
Parameter
Lower Cut off frequency
Upper Cut off frequency
Q
Bandwidth
Roll off factor
Theoretical values
Practical values
Table 3: Results for Band pass filter
2. Results for Band Reject filter
Sl No
1
2
3
4
5
Parameter
Lower Cut off frequency
Upper Cut off frequency
Q
Bandwidth
Roll off factor
Theoretical values
Practical values
Table 4: Results for Band reject filter
List what you learnt from this experiment as inferences and conclusions
Lab Manual
Band pass and band reject filters
