CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1. General
The lines plan (lines drawing) consist of projections of the intersection of the hull with a
series of planes. The planes are equally spaced in each of the three dimensions. These set
of planes are mutually perpendicular or orthogonal in nature.
The point of intersection of these planes with the hull results in a series of lines that
are projected onto a single plane located on the front, top, or side of the ship. This results
in three separate projections, or views, called the Body Plan, the Half-Breadth Plan, and
the Sheer Plan.
To visualize, place the ship in an imaginary rectangular box whose sides touch the keel
and sides of the ship. The bottom, side and front of the box will serve as the basis for three
orthogonal projection screens on which lines will be projected onto. The lines to be
projected result from the intersection of the hull with planes that are parallel to each of the
three orthogonal planes mentioned.
Making a lines plan can be applied with some methodes, for example Maxsurf,
Scheltema de here methode, and NSP methode. The NSP methode is a methode which
uses a diagram to knows the areas of each station. The ships length and velocity value are
the first data needed. This methode lets us know each Block Coefficient (Cb) value,
Prismatic Coefficient (Cp) value, and Midship Coefficient (Cm) value.
To use NSP diagram, calculate the speed length ratio first. Then create a horizontal
straight line from speed length ratio value so we will know each Block Coefficient (Cb)
value, Prismatic Coefficient (Cp) value, and Midship Coefficient (Cm) value.

2. Working Steps
1. The beginning data calculation
2. CSA-making
3. Creating A/2T and B/2
4. Creating Bow and Stern Curve
5. Creating Body Plan
6. Creating Half Breadth Plan
7. Creating Sheer Plan
8. Creating Forecastle Deck, Poop Deck, and Bulwark
It used some softwares; Microsoft Office Excel 2010 for data calculation and AutoCAD
2007 for drawing the Lines Plan

3. Glossaries
Pict I.3.1. Stretch Ship

A. Length between Perpendicular (LPP)

The distance between the aft perpendicular (AP) and the forward perpendicular (FP)
a. Aft Perpendicular (AP)
The plane (or line) perpendicular to the load waterline that passes through
the rudder stock is the aft perpendicular. In case of ships without rudder stock a
vertical passing through the intersection of the waterline with the stern is taken as
the aft perpendicular. A point to be noted is that once the perpendicular is fixed,
the perpendicular does not change with conditions where the waterlines might
change.
b. Forward Perpendicular (FP)
The plane (or line) perpendicular to the load waterline that passes through
the intersection of stem and this waterline is the forward perpendicular. Again
once the perpendicular is fixed, it does not change with various waterlines.
B. Length of Water Line (LWL)
The overall length of the waterline from stem intersection to the stern intersection. It is
usually referred to a particular waterline, however, if not mentioned it usually means at the
load waterline. This length is used for most hydrodynamic calculations where the
underwater dimension is relevant.
C. Length Overall (LOA)
The total length of the ship including plate thickness, fender or bulwark, i.e., from aft
extreme end to the forward extreme end.

Pict I.3.2 Athward Ship

D. Breadth (B)

The distance of inter ships side measured at the midship.

E. Breadth Overall ( BOA)
It is the extreme dimension from side to side of the ship, usually in the midship region,
including the plate thickness, fender, e.t.c
F. Depth/ Height (H)
The depth of the hull is the distance from the keel to the deck. If the deck is cambered,
or curved, the depth may be defined as the distance from the keel to the deck at the
intersection of the deck and side including thickness of both keel and deck.
G. Draught (T)
The distance from the keel to the surface of the water. The mean draught is the
draught at amidships.
H. Chamber
The rise or crown of a deck, athwartship. It is also called round of beam.
I. Block Coefficient (Cb)

The block coefficient gives the ratio of the volume of the underwater body (volumetric
displacement) and the product of rectangular beam spanned by length between

perpendicular(L), breadth moulded(B), and draft(T). A vessel with small block coefficient is
referred to as slim. In general fast ships have a small block coefficient.
V
Cb
LWL.B.T
Pict I.3.3 Block Coefficient

J. Prismatic Coefficient (Cp)

Prismatic coefficient (Cp) is the volume (V) divided by Lpp x Am. It displays the ratio of
the immersed volume of the hull to a volume of a prism with equal length to the ship and
cross-sectional area equal to the largest underwater section of the hull (midship section).

Cp
Pict I.3.4 Prismatic Coefficient

V
Lpp. Am

K. Midship Area Coefficient (Cm)

One of the coefficients of fineness.It is the ratio of underwater are of midship section to
that of the circumscribing rectangle.

Cm
Pict I.3.5. Midship Area Coefficient

Am
B.T

L. Midship Area (Am)

Midship Area is an area of midship. Look at Pict I.3.5. Midship Area si the hatch area
one.

Am B.T .Cm

M. Displacement Volume ()
Displacement Volume is the volume of water displaced by the hull.
= Lwl . B . T . Cb

N. Centreline
The middle line of the ship,extending from stem to stern at any level.
O. Baseline
A fore-and-aft reference line. On large vessels it is at the upper surface of the flat plate
keel at the center line. Vertical dimensions are measured from a horizontal plane through
the baseline, often called the molded base line.
P. Station
Planes parallel to the front and back of the imaginary box are called stations. There are
three important stations. The intersection of the stem of the ship at the design water line is
called Forward Perpendicular (FP). The intersection of the stern at design
waterline(immersed transom) or the rudder stock is called the Aft Perpendicular (AP). The
station midway between the perpendiculars is called the midships stations.
Pict I.3.6. Station

Q. Body Plan
Each station plane will
intersect the ship's hull
and form a curved line at
the points of intersection.

These lines are called sectional lines and are all projected onto a single plane called the
Body Plan.
Pict I.3.7 Body Plan

The body plan

takes advantage of the
ship's symmetry. Hence
only half the section is
show; the sections forward
of amidships are drawn on
the right side, and the
sections
aft
of
the
amidships are drawn on
the
left
side.
The
amidships
section
is
generally shown on both
sides of the body plan.
R. Half Breadth Plan
The bottom of the box is a reference plane called the base plane. The base plane is
usually level with the keel. A series of planes parallel and above the base plan are
imagined at regular intervals, usually at every meter. Each plane will intersect the ship's
hull and form a line at the points of intersection. These lines are called waterlines and are
all projected onto a single plane called the Half-Breadth Plan.

Pict I.3.8 Water lines and Half Breadth Plan

Each waterlines shows the true shape of the hull from the top view for some elevation
above the base plane. The water lines referred to here has nothing to do with where the
ship actually floats. There waterlines are the intersection of the ship's hull with some
imaginary plane above the base plane. Since ships are symmetric about their centerline
they only need be drawn for the starboard or port side
S. Sheer Plan
A plane that runs from bow to stern directly through the center of the ship and parallel
to the sides of the imaginary box is called the centerline plane. A series of planes parallel to
one side of the centerline plane are imagined at regular intervals from the centerline. Each
plane will intersect the ship's hull and form a curved line at the points of intersection. These
lines are called buttock or butt lines and are projected onto a single plane called the Sheer
Plan.
Pict I.3.9 Buttock Lines
and Sheer Plan

Each
buttock
line
shows the true shape of
the hull from the side view
for some distance from the
centerline of the ship. The
centerline plane shows a
special butt line called the
profile of the ship.

T. Curve of Section Area ( CSA)

The sectional area curve represents the longitudinal distribution of cross sectional area
below the DWL. The ordinates of a sectional area curve are plotted in distance squared
units. Inasmuch as the horizontal scale, or abscissa, of Figure above represents
longitudinal distances along the ship, it is clear that the area under the curve represents
the volume of water displaced by the vessel up to the DWL, or volume of displacement.

Pict I.3.10 Curve of Section Area

U. NSP Diagram
Pict I.3.11 NSP Diagram

NSP diagram is used to make CSA. To use it, Vs/L value must be known first (L in
feet). After the Vs/L value found, make a horizontal straight line from Vs/L value to the
continuous right side. Then the value of , , and will be found.
V. Sheer
Sheer is the rise of deck from amidships towards the bow and stern. Standard sheer
has a calculation. First, the LPP must be devided by 6 parts. 3 parts in front of amidship,
and 3 others behind amidship.
Pict I.3.12 Sheer Making

Sheer standrd calculation :

W. Forecastle Deck

10

Forecastle is a superstructure fitted at the extreme forward end of the upper deck. It
has 2.4 - 2.5 m height from upper deck side line. Its length is up to reach the collision
bulkhead or 5% - 8% Lc and placed at the frame.

Pict I.3.13 A Bow Ship

X. Poop Deck

11

Poop deck is a super structure or deck at the after end of the ship above the main
deck. It has 2.4 - 2.5 m height from upper deck side line equal to the forecastle deck
height. Its length is up to reach the engine room bulkhead.

Pict I.3.14 Stern Deck

Y. Bullwark

12

Bulwark is fore and aft vertical plating immediately above the upper edge of the sheer
strake. It has 1 meters height from the deck below. The function of bulwark is to prevent the
water entered to the ship and prevent the crew or passanger fail over board.
Pict I.3.15 Bulwark

Z. Collosion Bulkhead, Sterntube Bulkhead, Engine Room Bulkhead, and Bulwark

Rules
1) The position of Collision Bulkhead, Sterntube Bulkhead, and Engine Room
Bulkhead are not at the station, but they are at the frame number.
2) Stern tube bulkhead as frame number 0.
3) The distance of the sterntube bulkhead to the end of stern is not to be less than
3 frame spacing (frame space 600 mm)
4) The length of engine room is depended by the engine size.(frame space 1000
mm)
5) If the accommodation room is on the poop deck, the engine room bulkhead is
should be at 17% - 20% LPP from AP.
6) The collision bulkhead is located at 0.05 - 0.08 Lc from FP. Lc is 96% Lwl or
equal to LPP at 0.85 H, Lc value is the bigger one.
7) Frame spacing at the cargo hold is a0 = L / 500 + 0,48 [m], where a0 is not to be
greater than 1000 mm.

13

14

CHAPTER II
WORKING STEPS AND CALCULATION
1. The Beginning Calculation
1.1 Determine The Type and Size of Ship

15

Determining a dimension of ship can be done by compare a comparator ship.

The comparator ship is selected by reference the type and size of ship. This
assignment is used Container Cargo for the ship type and the size is 1700 - 2000
TEUs. The data of the comparator ship is obtained from NkClass website. The
data of the comparator ship as follows,
Type
: Container Carrier
Ships Name : AYUTTHAYA
BRIDGE
Year of Build : 2007
GT

: 17.211 ton

DWT
Lpp
B
H
T

: 21.992 ton
: 160,96 m
: 27,6 m
: 14 m
: 9,517 m

Engine type
: KAWASAKI HEAVY
INDUSTRIES, LTD, 2 SA 7 CY
Power
: 25.270 KW
RPM
: 105
Sevice Speed (Vs) : 20 knot
Sea Trial Speed (Vt) : 21,6knot

Table II.1.1 Data of Comparator Ship

Based of the data above, the designed ship data is follows,

Type

CONTAINER CARRIER

16

Lpp
Breadth (B)

163,9 M

30 M

17

Depth (H)
Draugth (T)

14 M

8,1 m

18

Service Speed (Vs)

20 Knot
Table II.1.2 Data of Designed Ship

1.2 Using NSP Diagram

The first steps to using NSP diagram is knows the value of speed length ratio. To
get the speed tength ratio, service speed (Vs) and length of displacement (Ldisp) value
are needed. After speed length ratio value is obtained, the Cb, Cp, and Cm value will
be known. The detailed steps using a NSP diagram are below.
A. Determining Length of Waterline
Length of Waterline (Lwl) can be determined by
Lwl = Lpp + x . Lpp
Where x is not less than 1% and not gtreater than 5%
1%<x<5%
This calculation uses x = 3%
Lwl = Lpp + 3% Lpp
= 163,9 + 4,917
= 168,817 m
B. Determining Length of Displacement
L displacement is an imaginary line. It can be obtained by formula

Ldisp

Lpp Lwl
2

So, Ldisp = (163,9 +

168,817)/2

19

= 166.3585 m
The length of displacement unit in NSP diagram is in feet, so Ldisp is converted
from meters to feet
1 m = 3,28084 ft
Ldisp
= 166.3585 . 3,28084
= 545.7956045 ft
C. Calculating The Speed Length Ratio

V L
s

disp

20
545,7956

=
0.856081237

20

After the speed length ratio value has obtained, make a straigth horizontal line
in NSP diagram from speed length ratio value to the right. For details, look up at the
picture below.
Pict II.1.1 Horizontal Line in NSP Diagram

Then the value of , , and are found. is Cm value, is Cb value, and is

Cp value. The result is

Cm
Cb
Cp

0.9772
0.6301
0.6428

21

The Length of Center Buoyancy (Lcb) value also can be determined. It is

-0.3149% or 0,3149% behind amidship. The Lcb value can be determined from the
intersection between the horizontal speed length ratio line and the Lcb curve (the a, b,
c,magenta curve). Lcb curve use the b curve because the design is a commercial ship.
Lcb = 0,3149% Ldisp
= 0,3149% . 166.3585

= -0.523863 m, or 0.523863 m behind amidsip

Pict II.1.2 Determining %Lcb

1.4 Determining The Volume of Displacement

The volume of displacement can be determined if the block coefficient value is
found. The formula of Vdisp is
Vdisp = Ldisp . B . T
Vdisp = 166,3585 . 30 . 8,1

= 25471.86528 m3
2. CSA-Making
2.1 Calculating The Area Each Station
Making a CSA (Curve of Section Area) is the result of data colecting from NSP
diagram. It is the precentage of area each station from midship area. To read the NSP

22

diagram, make a vertikal line from each intersection between the horizontal line and the
station curves, to the top of NSP diagram.
Pict II. 2.1 Reading NSP diagram
Then, calculate the midship area. The formula is
Am = B . T . Cm
Am
= 30 . 8,1 . 0.9772
= 237.4596 m2
After the area of midship is known, the area of each station can be calculated. The
calculation is using Ms. Excel. The calculation as below,

Station
0
1
2
3
4

%
0.00%
9.26%
24.68%
43.79%
62.61%

Am (m2)
237.46
237.46
237.46
237.46
237.46

Area (A)
0.00
21.99
58.61
103.98
148.67

23

5
6

77.81%
88.52%

237.46
237.46

184.77
210.20

24

7
8

94.71%
98.25%

237.46
237.46

224.90
233.30

25

9
10

100.00%
100.00%

237.46
237.46

237.46
237.46

26

11
12

100.00%
98.55%

237.46
237.46

237.46
234.02

27

13
14

94.61%
88.62%

237.46
237.46

224.66
210.44

28

15
16

74.90%
58.27%

237.46
237.46

177.86
138.37

29

17
18

40.67%
23.64%

237.46
237.46

96.57
56.14

30

19
20

8.04%
0.00%

237.46
237.46

19.09
0.00

31

Table II.2.1 The Calculation of Area for Each Station

From the the table above, the volume of displacement and the length of center
buoyancy can be calculated with Simpsons Rules. This assignment uses Simpson 1/3
Rules. The complete calculation is as below,
Station

Am (m2)

Luas (A)

Fs

A x Fs

0.00%

237.46

0.00

0.00

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

9.26%
24.68%
43.79%
62.61%
77.81%
88.52%
94.71%
98.25%
100.00
%
100.00
%
100.00
%

237.46
237.46
237.46
237.46
237.46
237.46
237.46
237.46
237.46

21.99
58.61
103.98
148.67
184.77
210.20
224.90
233.30
237.46

4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4

237.46

237.46

237.46

237.46

10
11

A x Fs x n

87.96
117.21
415.93
297.35
739.07
420.40
899.59
466.61
949.84

10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1

0.00
-791.60
-937.68
-2911.54
-1784.08
-3695.35
-1681.59
-2698.78
-933.22
-949.84

474.92

0.00

949.84

949.84

32

12
13

98.55%
94.61%

237.46
237.46

234.02
224.66

2
4

468.03
898.64

2
3

936.07
2695.93

33

14
15

88.62%
74.90%

237.46
237.46

210.44
177.86

2
4

420.87
711.43

4
5

1683.49
3557.14

34

16
17

58.27%
40.67%

237.46
237.46

138.37
96.57

2
4

276.74
386.30

6
7

1660.41
2704.09

35

18
19

23.64%
8.04%

237.46
237.46

56.14
19.09

2
4

112.27
76.37

8
9

898.17
687.30

36

20

0.00%

237.46

0.00

1
1

0.00 10
9169.36 2

0.00
-611.22101

37

Table II.2.2 The Complete Calculation of Area for Each Station with Simpsons Rules
Vdisp

= 1/3 . 1 . h
= 1/3 9169,36 . 8.317925
= 25423.35 m3

Lcb

= 2/1 . h
= 9169.36 / (-611.22101) . 8.317925
= -0.554465 m
= 0.554465 m behind amidship

2.2 Correction of The Data of NSP Diagram

A. Correction The Volume of Displacement
| (Vdisp .Simpson VdispNSP ) |
x
100%
VdispNSP
= 0.190% ; correct
B. Correction The Length of Center Buoyancy
| ( Lcb.Simpson LcbNSP ) |
x
100%
LcbNSP
= 0.018% ; correct

; where x
0,5%
| 25423.35 25471.86528) |

100%
25471.86528

| (-0.554465 -0.523863) |
100%
- 0.523863

38

2.3 Making CSA of Displacement

Making CSA using AutoCAD 2007 software. The steps are below,

39

1) Making horizontal line as long as Ldisp. Then divide in 20 parts.

40

41

Pict II.2.2 Dividing a line into 20 parts

2) Making vertikal lines at each station. The heigth are the value of area each
station based on Table II.2.1 in 1 : 4 scale.

42

43

Pict II.2.3 Making Vertikal Lines at Each Station

3) Making a curve which connects the top of each line, with spline command in
AutoCAD.

44

45

Pict II.2.4 Making a Connecter Curve

46

2.4 Making CSA of Lpp/Lwl

CSA of displacement is only have 20 and use the Ldisp. It means that it cant
representaly the area of designed ship. So, CSA of Lpp/Lwl must be made. The detailed
steps are below,

47

1) Making a horizontal line equals to half of Lwl. The end point is as a center
(placed at station 10). Then using mirror command to make the line as same
length as Lwl.

48

49

Pict II.2.5 Making Lwl and Lpp Lines

2) Making a Lpp line from the right end point of Lwl. Then divide into 20 station.
Also deviding the line which is exclude Lpp line, into two station (station -1 and
-2). Copying a CSA of displacment curve, and place the end points into the end
points of Lwl line.

50

51

52

Pict II.2.6 Dividing for Stations and Put The Curve

3) Making vertikal lines at each station until each reach the curve. Then the new
area values of each station have obtained. Put the values to the table for
correction.

53

54

Pict II.2.7 CSA of Lpp/Lwl

The table is as below,
No.
Scaled
Station
Area
-2
0

Area

Fs

0.00

0.3

Area x
FS
0.000

-1

1.0422

4.17

1.2

5.003

AP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

2.0493
7.2973
17.1534
28.4984
39.1187
47.6308
53.3629
56.6523
58.5559
59.36
59.36
59.36
58.2926
55.9211

8.20
29.19
68.61
113.99
156.47
190.52
213.45
226.61
234.22
237.44
237.44
237.44
233.17
223.68

1.3
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4

10.656
116.757
137.227
455.974
312.950
762.093
426.903
906.437
468.447
949.760
474.880
949.760
466.341
894.738

n
10.6
10.3
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3

(AreaxFS) x n
0.00
-51.53
-106.56
-1050.81
-1097.82
-3191.82
-1877.70
-3810.46
-1707.61
-2719.31
-936.89
-949.76
0.00
949.76
932.68
2684.21

55

14
15

52.1882
43.8357

208.75
175.34

2
4

417.506
701.371

4
5

1670.02
3506.86

56

16
17

34.051
23.7567

136.20
95.03

2
4

272.408
380.107

6
7

1634.45
2660.75

57

18
19

13.7632
4.6879

55.05
18.75

2
4

110.106
75.006

8
9

880.84
675.06

58

FP

0.00

1
1

0.000 10
9294.429 2

0.00
-1905.65

59

Table II.2.3 CSA of Lpp/Lwl Data

2.5 Correction of CSA Lpp/Lwl
A. Volume of Lwl
Volume Lwl at CSA = Lwl . B . T . CbLWL
= Lwl . B . T . (Cb . Ldisp/Lwl)
= 168,817 . 30 . 8,1 (0,63 . 166,3585/168,817)
= 25471.86528 m3
Volume Lwl with
= h/3 (1) ; where h = Lpp/
Simpsons Rules
= 8.195/3 . 9294.429
= 25389.28276 m3
x

= 0.324%
B. Lcb
Lcb NSP
Lcb CSA

| (VLwl .Simpson VLwlCSA) |

100%
VLwlCSA

; where x
0,5%
| (25389,2876 25471,86528) |
x
100%
25471,86528

; x 0,5% (CORRECT)

= -0.554465 m
= 2 / 1 x h
= -1905.65 / 9294.429
= -1.68023 m

60

; where x 0,1%
x

| ( Lcb.CSA LcbNSP ) |
100%
Lpp

| (1.68023 -0.554465) |
100%
163.9

= 0.019% ; x

0,1% (CORRECT)

3. Making A/2T and B/2

3.1 Making A/2T
A/2T is a ratio of Area each station and twice of the Draugth. The calculation table
is as below,
No.
Scaled Area
Area
Area / 2T
Station
-2
0
0.00
0.00
-1
1.0422
4.17
0.26
AP
2.0493
8.20
0.51
1
7.2973
29.19
1.80
2
17.1534
68.61
4.24
3
28.4984
113.99
7.04
4
39.1187
156.47
9.66
5
47.6308
190.52
11.76

61

6
7

53.3629
56.6523

213.45
226.61

13.18
13.99

62

8
9

58.5559
59.36

234.22
237.44

14.46
14.66

63

10
11

59.36
59.36

237.44
237.44

14.66
14.66

64

12
13

58.2926
55.9211

233.17
223.68

14.39
13.81

65

14
15

52.1882
43.8357

208.75
175.34

12.89
10.82

66

16
17

34.051
23.7567

136.20
95.03

8.41
5.87

67

18
19

13.7632
4.6879

55.05
18.75

3.40
1.16

68

FP

0
0.00
Table II.3.1 A/2T Table

0.00

69

Then making the vertikal lines each station as the data, and connecting with a
curve.

70

71

Pict II.3.1 A/2T Curve

72

3.2 Making B/2

B/2 is mean half of breadth at each station. To determined them, these are the steps,

73

1) Determining The Angle

- Lpp
= Cpdis x Ldisp / Lpp

74

= 0.6428 . 166.3585 / 163.9

= 0.652

75

-e

= Lcb simpson / Ldisp

= -0.554465 / 166.3585

76

=-0.003

77

f = Lpp + (1.4 - Lpp) . e

= 0.652 + (1,4 - 0.652) x -0,003

78

= 0.650

79

f value used for read a diagram below,

80

Small Cb
Big Cb

Pict II.3.2 Determining the Bow Angle

81

The result is the angle = 12,3o

2) Making a curve with 12,3o angle and 15 m height at parallel middle body

82

83

Pict II.3.3 Making B/2

3) Making a data table for B/2. The table is as below,
No.
Station
-2
-1
AP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Scaled
Area
0
1.0422
2.0493
7.2973
17.1534
28.4984
39.1187
47.6308
53.3629
56.6523
58.5559
59.36
59.36
59.36
58.2926
55.9211
52.1882

Coordinat
Heigth
0.000
2.55
3.07
5.62
7.83
9.27
11.57
13.15
14.21
14.44
14.92
15.00
15.00
15.00
14.97
14.63
13.94

FS

Coor. h x FS

0.3
1.2
1.3
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2

0.00
3.06
3.99
22.49
15.66
37.08
23.14
52.59
28.42
57.76
29.85
60.00
30.00
60.00
29.94
58.52
27.89

84

15
16

43.8357
34.051

12.31
10.37

4
2

49.24
20.74

85

17
18

23.7567
13.7632

7.85
5.29

4
2

31.39
10.58

86

19
FP

4.6879
0

2.53
0.00

4
1

10.12
0.00

87

1
=
Table II.3.2 B/2 Data

662.46

3.3 Correction of B/2

The needed value is Area of Waterline (Awl). But value must be known first.
= 0.248 + (0.778 x lwl)
= 0.248 + (0.778 x 0.62)
= 0.731078706
Awl = Lwl x B x
= 168.817 . 30 . 0.73
= 3702.56 m2
Awl simpson
= 1/3 x 1 x h
= 1/3 x 662.46 x 8.195
=1809.63 m2

| ( Awl .Simpson AwlCSA) |

100%
AwlCSA

; where x 0.5%
x

| (1809.63 3702.56) |
100%
3702.56

= 0.02 % ; x 0.5% (CORRECT)

4. Making Bow and Stern Curve
4.1 Making Bow Curve
Before making a body plan, make the bow and stern curve first. Modern ships bow

88

curve formed 15o from vertical line at FP.

Pict II.4.1 Bow Curve
This curve continued up to reached main deck, forecastle deck, and bulwark.
4.2 Making Stern Curve
Before make a Stern Curve, there is the calculation to determine the values of
propelers diameter, rudder distance to the boss propeler, and diameter of shaft.
The calculation is as below,
Diameter of propeler
D = 0.6 - 0.7 T ; this calculation using 0.65 T
= 0.65 (8.1)
= 5.265 m
- The distance of rudder to boss propeler
= 0.33 T
= 0.33 (8.1)
= 2.673 m
- Diameter of Shaft
e = 0.12 T
= 0.12 (8.1)
=0.972 m

89

= 0.35 T
= 0.35 (8.1)
= 2.835 m

90

91

Pict II.4.2 Stern Curve

Pict II.4.3 Stern Curve
5. Making a Body Plan
Body plan is a ship with front point of view. The ship is divided by stations which has
same distance. The first step of making a body plan is make a body plan box with Breadth
(B) as the length, and the depth (H) as breadth. Then the box divided by 2 at the center of
Breadth line with Centerline. After that, making a line with H+3T at the right side and H+T
at the left side at the right box. And making a line with H+2T at left side and H+T at the
right side.

92

93

94

95

Pict II.4.4 Body Plan Box

96

Making a curve that intersects the A/2T and ends at B/2 at waterline. Put the curve to
the left box for station AP - 10, and to the right box for station 11 - FP. The area of A2
should be as wide as A1. And the curve must be streamlined. The detailed can be seen as
picture below,

97

Pict II.4.5 Curve Area of Body Plan

98

After that, making the radius of bilge. It is the curve of the parallel middle body which
have B/2 maximum value.

99

Pict II.4.6 Radius of Bilge

10
0

0.5(( B T ) Am
(1 0.25 )

0.5((30 8.1) 237.4596

(1 0.25 3.14)

= 3.60 m

10
1

Then the body plan is finished. The complete Body Plan is shown at the picture below,

10
2

10
3

Pict II.4.7 Body Plan

6. Making A Half Breadth Plan

The steps how to make half breadth plan are belows,
1) Making some waterline (WL) at Body plan design. This design uses 0m WL, 1m
WL, 2 m WL, 4m WL, 6 m WL, and 8.1 m WL.
2) Measuring the curves distance for each station, from centerline to the intersection
between WL and each curves. Then do projection to the half breadth plan as the
measurement result. Or can be done by rotating the body plan for easier projection
work. The example is at the picture below,
3) Making a sent line below the half breadth plans curves. The distance of sent lines
height at a station is equal to the diagonal distance of that station to the intersection
between centerline and draught waterline. Or can be done by the way of picture
below
4) The half breadth plan has fisnished. The picture of complete half breadth is below.
7. Making Sheer Plan
7.1 Making Buttock Lines
Buttock line is vertikal lines at body plan, horizontal lines at half breadth plan, and
a curve at sheer plan. The steps to make buttock lines are below,
1) At Body Plan
The Breadth is divided by 8 and it will make BL 1, BL 2, and BL 3 lines.

10
4

2) At Half Breadth
The B/2 is divided by 4 parts. Then the buttock lines can be made as horizontal
line.
3) At Sheer Plan
The buttock line is curves which is projection of buttock lines at body plan and
buttock line at half bradth plan.
7.2 Making The Standard Sheer
A sheer made is for additional buoyancy. Making a standard sheer is dividing Lpp
into 6 parts. 3 parts are in front of midship, and 3 other are behind the ship.
The result is :
8. Making Forecastle Deck, Poop Deck, and Bulwark
8.1 Determining Sterntube Bulkhead, Engine Room Bulkhead, and Collision
Bulkhead
Before making forecastle deck, Sterntube Bulkhead, engine room bulkhead, and
collision bulkhead should be determined first.
A. Determining Sterntube Bulkhead
Determining the distance of AP to the shaft propeler (b = 0.35T). b value has
been obtained from the calculation before. It is 2.835 m. b should be placed at
frame number which frame spacing is not to be greater than 600mm. This design
used 600 mm frame space, so b placed on 5th frame number ( 3 m from AP).
Sterntube bulkhead should be placed not to be less than 3 frame spacing. This
design picks 4 frame spacing so the sterntube bulkhead placed on 9 th frame number
(5.4 m from AP).

10
5

B. Determining Engine Room Bulkhead

Engine room bulkhead can be determined if the frame spacing on cargo hold
( a0 ). The formula of frame spacing is
L
a0
0.48
0.80750498 m
500
a0 = 0.8 m
The engine room bulkhead should be placed at 17% - 20% Lpp and should be
placed at frame number. It is between 27.863 m and 32.78 m from AP. This design
uses 32 m distance, placed at 40th frame number.
C. Determining Collision Bulkhead
Collision bulkhead shoul be placed 0.05 - 0.08 Lc from FP. Lc is taken as 96%
of the total Lwl at 85% H measured from top of the keel, or as Lpp. Lc value is
taken from the bigger value one.
Lpp
= 163.9 m ; or
96% Lwl
= 163.16544 m
from 0.85H
Lc = Lpp
Collision bulkhead placed at 8.195 m - 13.112 m from FP or between
194.63125 and 188.485 frame number. This design use 194 th frame number or
155.2 m from AP.

10
6

8.2 Determining

10
7