i

Table of Contents
BB.

OFFSHORE MODEL LINE ATTRIBUTES ...........................................................BB.1

BB.1
BB.2

June 2003

Metric Units................................................................................................ BB.2

BB.1.1 Attributes Alphabetically ................................................................ BB.2
BB.1.2 Attributes by Module .................................................................... BB.18
Imperial Units........................................................................................... BB.27
BB.2.1 Attributes Alphabetically .............................................................. BB.27
BB.2.2 Attributes by Module .................................................................... BB.42

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

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BB. Offshore Model Line Attributes

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.2

BB.1 Metric Units

BB.1.1

Attributes Alphabetically

Attribute Name

Product Type

Units

Range/Coord

Index Choice Caption

Annual Cost

Both

$/km

Opt. Range

The average annual cost per unit line length of integrity maintenance activities that are carried out on a periodic basis.

Azimuth

Both

degrees

Range

The direction angle of a horizontal projection of the pipeline axis measured clockwise from North.

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - External Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
external corrosion.

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Internal Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
internal corrosion.

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - SCC Cracks

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
stress corrosion cracking.

Benefit Period of Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to external corrosion.

Benefit Period of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to seam weld fatigue.

Benefit Period of Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to internal corrosion.

Benefit Period of Inspection - SCC Cracks

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to stress corrosion cracking.

Block Valve Type

Both

Choice

Coordinate

The type of valve (as it relates to closure time in the event of line failure) at a given location.
0
Manual control
Closure times consistent with manually operated valves.
1

June 2003

Remote control

Closure times consistent with automatically operated valves.

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

Cathodic Protection Level

Both

Choice

BB.3

Range

A characterization of the adequacy and uniformity of the voltage potential generated by the cathodic protection system.
0
Consistently within range
Voltage consistently within target range.
1

Isolated excursions

Generally adequate voltage with isolated areas outside of target

voltage range.

Extensive excursions

Generally inadequate voltage or extensive areas outside of target

voltage range.

None

No cathodic protection.

Coating Condition

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the integrity of the external coating system.

0
Completely sound
No indication of significant damage to coating system.
1

Isolated damage

Indication of coating system damage affecting less than 1% of

surface area.

Extensive damage

Indication of coating system damage affecting significantly more

than 1% of surface area.

Not applicable (no coating)

No coating.

Coating Type

Both

Choice

Range

Gas

g/(ms)

Range

Both

Choice

Range

The type of external coating applied to the pipeline.

0
Fusion bonded epoxy
1

Extruded polyethylene

Coal tar

Wax and vinyl tape

Asphalt

Polyethylene tape

Bare

Condensation Rate
The rate of condensation of the transported water vapour.

Cover Erosion Potential

A characterization of the potential for loss of line cover over time due to natural erosion processes.
0
No
1

June 2003

Yes

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.4

Cover Monitoring Action

Both

Choice

Range

Both

Choice

Range

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

The cover monitoring interval.

0
None
1

After storm (depth < 5 m)

After storm (depth < 20 m)

Periodically & after storm (depth < 5 m)

Periodically & after storm (depth < 20 m)

Cover Monitoring Response

The operators response to the findings of a cover depth survey.
0
Rebury if line exposed
1

Rebury if cover < design min.

Date of External Coating Rehabilitation

The date when the external coating system was replaced or otherwise rehabilitated.

Date of Installation
The date when the pipeline was installed.

Date of Last Hydrotest

The date when the most recent hydrostatic pressure test was performed.

Date of Last Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on external corrosion was performed.

Date of Last Inspection - Fatigue Cracks

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on seam weld fatigue was performed.

Date of Last Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on internal corrosion was performed.

Date of Last Inspection - SCC Cracks

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on SCC was performed.

Dent Gouge Defect Density

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the number of dent gouge defects per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

Dent Gouge Defect Severity

Both

Choice

BB.5

Range

A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to dent depth and gouge size.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Depth of Burial

Both

Range

Both

Choice

Range

Both

Range

The depth of top of the pipeline below ground surface.

Depth of Cover
A characterization of the depth and consistency of line burial.
0
None
1

Intermittent or partial cover

Continuous, significant cover

Detectable Release Volume

The maximum volume of product that can be lost from the pipeline before leak detection equipment triggers a leak detection
alarm. (It is assumed that steps will be taken to close all block valves immediately following the detection of a leak or a
rupture.)

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Both

Opt. Range

The nominal outside diameter of the line pipe.

Effectiveness of Inspection - External Corrosion

The reduction in the failure rate due to external corrosion resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.

Effectiveness of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks

Both

Opt. Range

The reduction in the failure rate due to seam weld fatigue resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.

Effectiveness of Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

Opt. Range

The reduction in the failure rate due to internal corrosion resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.

Effectiveness of Inspection - SCC Cracks

Both

Opt. Range

The reduction in the failure rate due to SCC resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.

Elevation Profile

Both

Coordinate

The relative elevation of the pipeline defined at the start and end of the line and at selected points along the length of the
line. Negative elevations are interpreted as depths below sea level. (The location of intermediate points should be chosen to
adequately characterize the elevation profile recognizing that the program uses linear interpolation to infer the line elevation
at all locations between specified reference points.)

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.6

Environment Corrosivity

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the degree to which the seabed conditions surrounding the pipe provide an environment that is
conducive to the development of metal loss corrosion in unprotected areas of pipe.
0
Very low
1

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

External Corrosion Density

Both

Choice

Range

Choice

Range

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the number of external corrosion defects per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

External Corrosion Growth

Both

A relative indication of the rate of growth in the size of external corrosion defects.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

External Corrosion Severity

Both

A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to external corrosion defect size.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Failure Potential given Geotechnical Event

Both

probability

Range

The probability of pipeline failure given the occurrence of the prescribed geotechnical loading event.

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

Flow Rate

Both

kg/s

BB.7

Range

The product mass flow rate through the pipeline under normal operating conditions. Negative value implies a flow direction
opposite to the direction associated with ascending station numbers. (Note: for natural gas systems multiply MMscf/day by 0.53
to get flow rate in lb/s, or multiply MMscm/day by 8.51 to get flow rate in kg/s.)

Free Spans

Both

/km

Range

Both

events/kmyr

Range

The effective number of free spans per unit length.

Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate

The frequency of occurrence of a geotechnical event generating significant outside force on the pipe body (e.g., ground
movement, river scour).

Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate Change

Both

events/kmyr

Range

The annual rate of change in the frequency of occurrence of the prescribed geotechnical loading event (Note that an
occurrence rate change of zero implies that the occurrence rate remains constant over time).

Girth Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

The type of pipe joint (i.e., weld vs. mechanical connection) and a relative indication of joint quality (with respect to tensile
strength and ductility) for welded joints.
0
High quality weld
Welds designed and inspected to produce a joint having a strength
consistent with that of the pipe body together with significant
post-yield ductility.
1

Average quality weld

Welds designed and inspected to produce a joint having a strength

consistent with that of the pipe body but no significant post-yield
ductility.

Poor quality weld

Welds that may not produce joints having a strength consistent with
that of the pipe body (e.g., acetylene welds).

Mechanical joint

Joints made with mechanical couplings.

Ice Scour Frequency

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the anticipated rate of occurrence of ice scour events per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.8

Ice Scour Severity

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the severity of anticipated ice scour events with respect to scour depth and length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Inhibitor Effectiveness

Both

Range

The reduction in the rate of internal corrosion attributable to the use of inhibitors in the product mixture.

Installation Temperature

Both

Range

Choice

Range

Choice

Range

The temperature of the pipe during construction at the time of joint welding.

Internal Corrosion Density

Both

A relative indication of the number of internal corrosion defects per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Internal Corrosion Growth

Both

A relative indication of the rate of growth in the size of internal corrosion defects.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

Internal Corrosion Severity

Both

Choice

BB.9

Range

A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to internal corrosion defect size.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Interruption Cost - Fixed - Summer

Both

$/event

Range

The fixed cost associated with service interruption caused by line failure during the summer season.

Interruption Cost - Fixed - Winter

Both

$/event

Range

The fixed cost associated with service interruption caused by line failure during the winter season.

Interruption Cost - Variable - Summer

Both

$/hr

Range

The cost per hour associated with service interruption caused by line failure, when the interruption time exceeds the
threshold outage duration (see Interruption Threshold) during the summer season.

Interruption Cost - Variable - Winter

Both

$/hr

Range

The cost per hour associated with service interruption caused by line failure, when the interruption time exceeds the
threshold outage duration (see Interruption Threshold) during the winter season.

Interruption Threshold - Summer

Both

hr

Range

The duration of a service interruption event beyond which variable interruption costs are incurred during the summer.

Interruption Threshold - Winter

Both

hr

Range

The duration of a service interruption event beyond which variable interruption costs are incurred during the winter season.

Launch Zones

Liquid

Choice

Range

A label identifying the offshore quadrant from which a spill will be assumed to emanate.
0
ZoneA

Level of Awareness

Both

Choice

Range

An assessment of the relative level of vessel operator awareness regarding the presence of, and hazards posed by, subsea
pipelines.
0
Below average
1

Average

Above average

Liquid Flow Characterization

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the liquid phase flow (areas of liquid separation or stagnation) in the product mixture.
0
No separation/stagnation
1

June 2003

Water separation/stagnation

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BB.10

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Liquid Fraction Water-Cut

Both

ratio

Range

Choice

Range

The ratio of water volume to total liquid volume for the product mixture.

Longitudinal Ground Movement Density

Both

A relative indication of the number of longitudinal ground movement sites per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Longitudinal Ground Movement Growth

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the rate of ground movement within active longitudinal ground movement sites.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Longitudinal Ground Movement Severity

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the existing extent of ground movement within active longitudinal ground movement sites.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Manufacturing Crack Density

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the number of manufacturing cracks per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

Manufacturing Crack Growth

Both

Choice

BB.11

Range

A relative characterization of the rate of growth in the size of manufacturing crack defects.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Manufacturing Crack Severity

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to manufacturing crack size.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Both

kPa

Range

Choice

Range

The maximum pressure to which the pipeline is qualified to operate.

Mechanical Protection

Both

An indication of whether or not buried physical protection (such as concrete slabs or steel plates) exists to effectively
prevent direct contact between the pipe body and any excavation equipment.
0
None (other than weight coating)
1

Armored jacket

Engineered backfill

Notch Toughness (specified)

Both

Range

Specified Charpy V-notch impact energy of the line pipe (upper plateau energy for a full-sized Charpy specimen).

Operating Pressure Gradient

Liquid

kPa/km

Range

kPa

Range

The pressure gradient driving the product mixture through the pipeline.

Partial Pressure - CO2

Both

The concentration of dissolved CO2 in the product mixture, expressed as a partial pressure calculated based on mole
fraction.

Partial Pressure - H2S

Both

kPa

Range

The average concentration of dissolved H2S in the product mixture, expressed as a partial pressure calculated based on
mole fraction.

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

pH

Gas

pH

Range

Both

Opt. Coordinat

Choice

Opt. Coordinat

cycles/yr

Range

The acidity of the product water-cut.

Platform Offset

The perpendicular offset distance between the offshore platform and the pipeline.

Platform Type

Both

A characterization of the type of offshore platform in the vicinity of the pipeline.

0
Major manned
1

Minor manned

Major unmanned

Minor unmanned

Pressure Cycles

Both

The effective number of pressure cycles experienced by the pipeline on an annual basis. (Note that complex pressure vs.
time loading histories should be characterized by a representative single value Pressure Range and an associated annual
number of Pressure Cycles.)

Pressure Profile

Both

kPa

Coordinate

The anticipated maximum operating pressure in the pipeline defined at the start and end of the line and at selected reference
points along the length of the line. (Note that the location of intermediate points should be chosen to adequately characterize
the pressure profile given that the program uses linear interpolation to infer the line pressure at all locations between
specified reference points. Note also that the specified pressure should reflect an upper bound pressure profile associated
with likely worst case operating conditions including, for example, periodic line pack or shut in.)

Pressure Range

Both

kPa

Range

The effective pressure range associated with cyclic fluctuations in line pressure during routine operation. (Note that
complex pressure vs. time loading histories should be characterized by a representative single value Pressure Range and
an associated annual number of Pressure Cycles.)

Product Corrosivity

Both

Choice

Range

Both

Range

A characterization of the corrosivity of the product mixture.

0
Very low
1

Low

Moderate

High

Extreme

Product Temperature

The average temperature of the product being transported through the line. (Note that pipe body temperature is assumed to
be equal to the product temperature.)

Reference Cover

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the line cover at the time of pipeline installation.

0
No cover
1

June 2003

Finite cover

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

SCC Potential of Environment

Both

Choice

BB.13

Range

A characterization of the degree to which the soil conditions surrounding the pipe provide an environment that is conducive
to the development of stress corrosion cracking in susceptible pipe.
0
No potential
1

Very low potential

Low potential

Moderate potential

High potential

Very high potential

SCC Susceptibility of Pipe

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the susceptibility of the pipe body (i.e., metallurgy and surface condition) to the formation of stress
corrosion cracking.
0
Not susceptible
1

Unlikely to be susceptible

Likely to be susceptible

Proven to be susceptible

Seam Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of seam weld quality with respect to fatigue resistance.

0
None (seamless)
1

High quality weld (with NDT)

Welds subjected to full nondestructive mill inspection.

Good quality weld (without NDT)

Welds not subjected to full nondestructive mill inspection, but made

using a process generally recognized to produce sound, fatigue
resistant welds.

Suspect weld

Welds not subjected to full nondestructive mill inspection, made

using a process that has a history of producing fatigue susceptible
welds (e.g., low-frequency electric resistance welds, and some flash
welds).

Poor quality weld

Welds made using a process for which design codes specify a joint
factor of less than 1.0 (e.g., furnace butt welds, continuous welds,
furnace lap welds, and some electric fusion welds).

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BB.14

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Soil Type

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the strength and stiffness of the soil surrounding the pipeline.
0
Loose sand or gravel
Less than 10 blows per 30 cm in Standard Penetration Test.
1

Medium sand or gravel

Between 10 and 30 blows per 30 cm in Standard Penetration Test.

Dense sand or gravel

Greater than 30 blows per 30 cm in Standard Penetration Test.

Soft clay

Undrained shear strength less than 25 kPa.

Medium clay

Undrained shear strength between 25 and 50 kPa.

Stiff clay

Undrained shear strength between 50 and 100 kPa.

Very stiff clay

Undrained shear strength between 100 and 200 kPa.

Hard clay

Undrained shear strength greater than 200 kPa.

Stress Corrosion Crack Density

Both

Choice

Range

Choice

Range

Choice

Range

A relative characterization of the number of SCC defects per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Stress Corrosion Crack Growth

Both

A relative characterization of the rate of growth in the size of SCC defects.

0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Stress Corrosion Crack Severity

Both

A relative characterization of the severity of damage with respect to SCC defect size.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

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Stress Cycles

Both

/yr

BB.15

Range

The effective number of axial stress cycles experienced by the pipeline on an annual basis. Note that complex stress vs.
time loading histories should be characterized by a representative single value Stress Range and an associated annual
number of Stress Cycles.

Stress Range

Both

MPa

Range

The effective axial stress range associated with cyclic fluctuations in line stress during routine operation. Note that
complex stress vs. time loading histories should be characterized by a representative single value Stress Range and an
associated annual number of Stress Cycles.

Tensile Strength (SMTS)

Both

MPa

Range

Specified minimum tensile strength of the line pipe. (e.g., API 5X L60 should be reported as 75 ksi or 517 MPa).

Throughput Redundancy Factor - Summer

Both

Range

The extent to which alternate flow paths within the pipeline system can be employed to offset the throughput reduction
associated with line failure during the summer season.

Throughput Redundancy Factor - Winter

Both

Range

The extent to which alternate flow paths within the pipeline system can be employed to offset the throughput reduction
associated with line failure during the summer season.

Throughput Unit Cost - Summer

Both

$/mcm or $/m

Range

The cost associated with failure to deliver a unit volume of product during the summer season.

Throughput Unit Cost - Winter

Both

$/mcm or $/m

Range

The cost associated with failure to deliver a unit volume of product during the winter season.

Throughput Volume - Summer

Both

Range

The average nominated or tendered monthly flow volume, expressed as a percentage of pipeline throughput capacity.

Throughput Volume - Winter

Both

Range

The average nominated or tendered monthly flow volume, expressed as a percentage of pipeline throughput capacity.

Time to Leak Detection

Both

hr

Range

The time required to detect a small leak given that small leaks may only be detected by periodic line patrols or notification by
third parties.

Time to Leak Stoppage

Both

hr

Range

The time required by the operator to locate and repair a leak, measured from the time when the leak is first detected.

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BB.16

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Transverse Ground Movement Density

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the number of transverse ground movement sites per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Transverse Ground Movement Growth

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the rate of ground movement within active transverse ground movement sites.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Transverse Ground Movement Severity

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the existing extent of ground movement within active transverse ground movement sites.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Vessel Traffic

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the type and density of surface vessel traffic.

0
No significant traffic
1

Fishing - high density

Fishing - medium density

Fishing - low density

Shipping - high density

Shipping - medium density

Shipping - low density

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Wall Thickness

BB.17

Both

mm

Range

Both

MPa

Range

The nominal wall thickness of the line pipe.

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Specified minimum yield strength of the line pipe. (e.g., API 5X L60 should be reported as 60 ksi or 414 MPa).

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.1.2

Attributes by Module

Module Name
Attribute Name

Product Type

Units

Range/Coord

Consequence
Azimuth

Both

degrees

Range

Block Valve Type

Both

Choice

Coordinate

Detectable Release Volume

Both

Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Elevation Profile

Both

Coordinate

Flow Rate

Both

kg/s

Range

Interruption Cost - Fixed - Summer

Both

$/event

Range

Interruption Cost - Fixed - Winter

Both

$/event

Range

Interruption Cost - Variable - Summer

Both

$/hr

Range

Interruption Cost - Variable - Winter

Both

$/hr

Range

Interruption Threshold - Summer

Both

hr

Range

Interruption Threshold - Winter

Both

hr

Range

Launch Zones

Liquid

Choice

Range

Platform Offset

Both

Opt. Coordinate

Platform Type

Both

Choice

Opt. Coordinate

Pressure Profile

Both

kPa

Coordinate

Product Temperature

Both

Range

Throughput Redundancy Factor - Summer

Both

Range

Throughput Redundancy Factor - Winter

Both

Range

Throughput Unit Cost - Summer

Both

$/mcm or $/m

Range

Throughput Unit Cost - Winter

Both

$/mcm or $/m

Range

Throughput Volume - Summer

Both

Range

Throughput Volume - Winter

Both

Range

Time to Leak Detection

Both

hr

Range

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.19

Time to Leak Stoppage

Both

hr

Range

Vessel Traffic

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

mm

Range

Depth of Cover

Both

Choice

Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Elevation Profile

Both

Coordinate

Platform Type

Both

Choice

Opt. Coordinate

Vessel Traffic

Both

Choice

Range

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - External Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Benefit Period of Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Cathodic Protection Level

Both

Choice

Range

Coating Condition

Both

Choice

Range

Coating Type

Both

Choice

Range

Date of External Coating Rehabilitation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Installation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Date of Last Hydrotest

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Last Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Effectiveness of Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

Opt. Range

Environment Corrosivity

Both

Choice

Range

Product Temperature

Both

Range

Failure Potential given Geotechnical Event

Both

probability

Range

Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate

Both

events/kmyr

Range

Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate Change

Both

events/kmyr

Range

HB Equipment Impact

HB External Corrosion

HB Geotechnical Hazard

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BB.20

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Girth Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Internal Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Benefit Period of Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Date of Installation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Date of Last Hydrotest

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Last Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Effectiveness of Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

Opt. Range

Product Corrosivity

Both

Choice

Range

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Internal Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Benefit Period of Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Condensation Rate

Gas

g/(ms)

Range

Date of Installation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Date of Last Hydrotest

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Last Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Effectiveness of Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

Opt. Range

Inhibitor Effectiveness

Both

Range

Liquid Flow Characterization

Both

Choice

Range

Liquid Fraction Water-Cut

Both

ratio

Range

Liquid

kPa/km

Range

Partial Pressure - CO2

Both

kPa

Range

Partial Pressure - H2S

Both

kPa

Range

pH

Gas

pH

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

kPa

Coordinate

HB Internal Corrosion

HB Internal Corrosion Refined

Operating Pressure Gradient

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.21

Product Temperature

Both

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

mm

Range

Benefit Period of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Date of Installation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Date of Last Inspection - Fatigue Cracks

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Effectiveness of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks

Both

Opt. Range

Free Spans

Both

/km

Range

Girth Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

Stress Cycles

Both

/yr

Range

Stress Range

Both

MPa

Range

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - External Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Benefit Period of Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Cathodic Protection Level

Both

Choice

Range

Coating Condition

Both

Choice

Range

Coating Type

Both

Choice

Range

Date of External Coating Rehabilitation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Installation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Date of Last Hydrotest

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Last Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Effectiveness of Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

Opt. Range

Environment Corrosivity

Both

Choice

Range

Product Temperature

Both

Range

Both

mm

Range

HB Manufacturing Cracks

HB Natural Hazard Damage

HB Other Causes
Diameter

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

BB.22

Offshore Model Line Attributes

HB Stress Corrosion Cracking

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - SCC Cracks

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Benefit Period of Inspection - SCC Cracks

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Date of External Coating Rehabilitation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Installation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Date of Last Hydrotest

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Last Inspection - SCC Cracks

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Effectiveness of Inspection - SCC Cracks

Both

Opt. Range

Elevation Profile

Both

Coordinate

Pressure Profile

Both

kPa

Coordinate

SCC Potential of Environment

Both

Choice

Range

SCC Susceptibility of Pipe

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

mm

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

MPa

Range

Dent Gouge Defect Density

Both

Choice

Range

Dent Gouge Defect Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Both

kPa

Range

Notch Toughness (specified)

Both

Range

Pressure Cycles

Both

cycles/yr

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

kPa

Coordinate

Pressure Range

Both

kPa

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

mm

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

MPa

Range

Both

Choice

Range

RB Dent Gouges

RB Equipment Impact
Cover Erosion Potential
June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.23

Cover Monitoring Action

Both

Choice

Range

Cover Monitoring Response

Both

Choice

Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Elevation Profile

Both

Coordinate

Level of Awareness

Both

Choice

Range

Mechanical Protection

Both

Choice

Range

Platform Offset

Both

Opt. Coordinate

Platform Type

Both

Choice

Opt. Coordinate

Reference Cover

Both

Choice

Range

Vessel Traffic

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

mm

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

MPa

Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

External Corrosion Density

Both

Choice

Range

External Corrosion Growth

Both

Choice

Range

External Corrosion Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Both

kPa

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

kPa

Coordinate

Tensile Strength (SMTS)

Both

MPa

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

mm

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

MPa

Range

Depth of Burial

Both

Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Girth Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

Ice Scour Frequency

Both

Choice

Range

RB External Corrosion

RB Ice Scour

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

BB.24

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Ice Scour Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

kPa

Coordinate

Soil Type

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

mm

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

MPa

Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Internal Corrosion Density

Both

Choice

Range

Internal Corrosion Growth

Both

Choice

Range

Internal Corrosion Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Both

kPa

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

kPa

Coordinate

Tensile Strength (SMTS)

Both

MPa

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

mm

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

MPa

Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Girth Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

Installation Temperature

Both

Range

Longitudinal Ground Movement Density

Both

Choice

Range

Longitudinal Ground Movement Growth

Both

Choice

Range

Longitudinal Ground Movement Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

kPa

Coordinate

Product Temperature

Both

Range

Soil Type

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

mm

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

MPa

Range

RB Internal Corrosion

RB Longitudinal Ground Movement

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.25

RB Manufacturing Cracks
Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Manufacturing Crack Density

Both

Choice

Range

Manufacturing Crack Growth

Both

Choice

Range

Manufacturing Crack Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Both

kPa

Range

Notch Toughness (specified)

Both

Range

Pressure Cycles

Both

cycles/yr

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

kPa

Coordinate

Pressure Range

Both

kPa

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

mm

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

MPa

Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Both

kPa

Range

Notch Toughness (specified)

Both

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

kPa

Coordinate

Stress Corrosion Crack Density

Both

Choice

Range

Stress Corrosion Crack Growth

Both

Choice

Range

Stress Corrosion Crack Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

mm

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

MPa

Range

Diameter

Both

mm

Range

Girth Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

kPa

Coordinate

Soil Type

Both

Choice

Range

RB Stress Corrosion Cracking

RB Transverse Ground Movement

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

BB.26

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Transverse Ground Movement Density

Both

Choice

Range

Transverse Ground Movement Growth

Both

Choice

Range

Transverse Ground Movement Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

mm

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

MPa

Range

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.27

BB.2 Imperial Units

BB.2.1

Attributes Alphabetically

Attribute Name

Product Type

Units

Range/Coord

Index Choice Caption

Annual Cost

Both

$/mi

Opt. Range

The average annual cost per unit line length of integrity maintenance activities that are carried out on a periodic basis.

Azimuth

Both

degrees

Range

The direction angle of a horizontal projection of the pipeline axis measured clockwise from North.

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - External Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
external corrosion.

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Internal Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
internal corrosion.

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - SCC Cracks

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
stress corrosion cracking.

Benefit Period of Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to external corrosion.

Benefit Period of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to seam weld fatigue.

Benefit Period of Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to internal corrosion.

Benefit Period of Inspection - SCC Cracks

Both

yr

Opt. Range

The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to stress corrosion cracking.

Block Valve Type

Both

Choice

Coordinate

The type of valve (as it relates to closure time in the event of line failure) at a given location.
0
Manual control
Closure times consistent with manually operated valves.
1

June 2003

Remote control

Closure times consistent with automatically operated valves.

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

BB.28

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Cathodic Protection Level

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the adequacy and uniformity of the voltage potential generated by the cathodic protection system.
0
Consistently within range
Voltage consistently within target range.
1

Isolated excursions

Generally adequate voltage with isolated areas outside of target

voltage range.

Extensive excursions

Generally inadequate voltage or extensive areas outside of target

voltage range.

None

No cathodic protection.

Coating Condition

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the integrity of the external coating system.

0
Completely sound
No indication of significant damage to coating system.
1

Isolated damage

Indication of coating system damage affecting less than 1% of

surface area.

Extensive damage

Indication of coating system damage affecting significantly more

than 1% of surface area.

Not applicable (no coating)

No coating.

Coating Type

Both

Choice

Range

Gas

1E-6lb/(fts)

Range

Both

Choice

Range

The type of external coating applied to the pipeline.

0
Fusion bonded epoxy
1

Extruded polyethylene

Coal tar

Wax and vinyl tape

Asphalt

Polyethylene tape

Bare

Condensation Rate
The rate of condensation of the transported water vapour.

Cover Erosion Potential

A characterization of the potential for loss of line cover over time due to natural erosion processes.
0
No
1

June 2003

Yes

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Cover Monitoring Action

BB.29

Both

Choice

Range

Both

Choice

Range

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

The cover monitoring interval.

0
None
1

After storm (depth < 15 ft)

After storm (depth < 60 ft)

Periodically & after storm (depth < 15 ft)

Periodically & after storm (depth < 60 ft)

Cover Monitoring Response

The operators response to the findings of a cover depth survey.
0
Rebury if line exposed
1

Rebury if cover < design min.

Date of External Coating Rehabilitation

The date when the external coating system was replaced or otherwise rehabilitated.

Date of Installation
The date when the pipeline was installed.

Date of Last Hydrotest

The date when the most recent hydrostatic pressure test was performed.

Date of Last Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on external corrosion was performed.

Date of Last Inspection - Fatigue Cracks

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on seam weld fatigue was performed.

Date of Last Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on internal corrosion was performed.

Date of Last Inspection - SCC Cracks

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on SCC was performed.

Dent Gouge Defect Density

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the number of dent gouge defects per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

BB.30

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Dent Gouge Defect Severity

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to dent depth and gouge size.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Depth of Burial

Both

ft

Range

Both

Choice

Range

Both

ft or bbl

Range

The depth of top of the pipeline below ground surface.

Depth of Cover
A characterization of the depth and consistency of line burial.
0
None
1

Intermittent or partial cover

Continuous, significant cover

Detectable Release Volume

The maximum volume of product that can be lost from the pipeline before leak detection equipment triggers a leak detection
alarm. (It is assumed that steps will be taken to close all block valves immediately following the detection of a leak or a
rupture.)

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Both

Opt. Range

The nominal outside diameter of the line pipe.

Effectiveness of Inspection - External Corrosion

The reduction in the failure rate due to external corrosion resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.

Effectiveness of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks

Both

Opt. Range

The reduction in the failure rate due to seam weld fatigue resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.

Effectiveness of Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

Opt. Range

The reduction in the failure rate due to internal corrosion resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.

Effectiveness of Inspection - SCC Cracks

Both

Opt. Range

The reduction in the failure rate due to SCC resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.

Elevation Profile

Both

ft

Coordinate

The relative elevation of the pipeline defined at the start and end of the line and at selected points along the length of the
line. Negative elevations are interpreted as depths below sea level. (The location of intermediate points should be chosen to
adequately characterize the elevation profile recognizing that the program uses linear interpolation to infer the line elevation
at all locations between specified reference points.)

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Environment Corrosivity

Both

Choice

BB.31

Range

A characterization of the degree to which the seabed conditions surrounding the pipe provide an environment that is
conducive to the development of metal loss corrosion in unprotected areas of pipe.
0
Very low
1

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

External Corrosion Density

Both

Choice

Range

Choice

Range

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the number of external corrosion defects per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

External Corrosion Growth

Both

A relative indication of the rate of growth in the size of external corrosion defects.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

External Corrosion Severity

Both

A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to external corrosion defect size.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Failure Potential given Geotechnical Event

Both

probability

Range

The probability of pipeline failure given the occurrence of the prescribed geotechnical loading event.

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.32

Flow Rate

Both

lb/s

Range

The product mass flow rate through the pipeline under normal operating conditions. Negative value implies a flow direction
opposite to the direction associated with ascending station numbers. (Note: for natural gas systems multiply MMscf/day by 0.53
to get flow rate in lb/s, or multiply MMscm/day by 8.51 to get flow rate in kg/s.)

Free Spans

Both

/mi

Range

Both

events/miyr

Range

The effective number of free spans per unit length.

Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate

The frequency of occurrence of a geotechnical event generating significant outside force on the pipe body (e.g., ground
movement, river scour).

Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate Change

Both

events/miyr

Range

The annual rate of change in the frequency of occurrence of the prescribed geotechnical loading event (Note that an
occurrence rate change of zero implies that the occurrence rate remains constant over time).

Girth Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

The type of pipe joint (i.e., weld vs. mechanical connection) and a relative indication of joint quality (with respect to tensile
strength and ductility) for welded joints.
0
High quality weld
Welds designed and inspected to produce a joint having a strength
consistent with that of the pipe body together with significant
post-yield ductility.
1

Average quality weld

Welds designed and inspected to produce a joint having a strength

consistent with that of the pipe body but no significant post-yield
ductility.

Poor quality weld

Welds that may not produce joints having a strength consistent with
that of the pipe body (e.g., acetylene welds).

Mechanical joint

Joints made with mechanical couplings.

Ice Scour Frequency

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the anticipated rate of occurrence of ice scour events per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Ice Scour Severity

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the severity of anticipated ice scour events with respect to scour depth and length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Inhibitor Effectiveness

Both

BB.33

Range

The reduction in the rate of internal corrosion attributable to the use of inhibitors in the product mixture.

Installation Temperature

Both

Range

Choice

Range

Choice

Range

Choice

Range

The temperature of the pipe during construction at the time of joint welding.

Internal Corrosion Density

Both

A relative indication of the number of internal corrosion defects per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Internal Corrosion Growth

Both

A relative indication of the rate of growth in the size of internal corrosion defects.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Internal Corrosion Severity

Both

A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to internal corrosion defect size.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Interruption Cost - Fixed - Summer

Both

$/event

Range

The fixed cost associated with service interruption caused by line failure during the summer season.

Interruption Cost - Fixed - Winter

Both

$/event

Range

The fixed cost associated with service interruption caused by line failure during the winter season.

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

BB.34

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Interruption Cost - Variable - Summer

Both

$/hr

Range

The cost per hour associated with service interruption caused by line failure, when the interruption time exceeds the
threshold outage duration (see Interruption Threshold) during the summer season.

Interruption Cost - Variable - Winter

Both

$/hr

Range

The cost per hour associated with service interruption caused by line failure, when the interruption time exceeds the
threshold outage duration (see Interruption Threshold) during the winter season.

Interruption Threshold - Summer

Both

hr

Range

The duration of a service interruption event beyond which variable interruption costs are incurred during the summer.

Interruption Threshold - Winter

Both

hr

Range

The duration of a service interruption event beyond which variable interruption costs are incurred during the winter season.

Launch Zones

Liquid

Choice

Range

A label identifying the offshore quadrant from which a spill will be assumed to emanate.
0
ZoneA

Level of Awareness

Both

Choice

Range

An assessment of the relative level of vessel operator awareness regarding the presence of, and hazards posed by, subsea
pipelines.
0
Below average
1

Average

Above average

Liquid Flow Characterization

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the liquid phase flow (areas of liquid separation or stagnation) in the product mixture.
0
No separation/stagnation
1

Water separation/stagnation

Liquid Fraction Water-Cut

Both

ratio

Range

Choice

Range

The ratio of water volume to total liquid volume for the product mixture.

Longitudinal Ground Movement Density

Both

A relative indication of the number of longitudinal ground movement sites per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Longitudinal Ground Movement Growth

Both

Choice

BB.35

Range

A relative indication of the rate of ground movement within active longitudinal ground movement sites.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Longitudinal Ground Movement Severity

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the existing extent of ground movement within active longitudinal ground movement sites.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Manufacturing Crack Density

Both

Choice

Range

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the number of manufacturing cracks per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Manufacturing Crack Growth

Both

A relative characterization of the rate of growth in the size of manufacturing crack defects.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

BB.36

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Manufacturing Crack Severity

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to manufacturing crack size.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Both

psi

Range

Choice

Range

The maximum pressure to which the pipeline is qualified to operate.

Mechanical Protection

Both

An indication of whether or not buried physical protection (such as concrete slabs or steel plates) exists to effectively
prevent direct contact between the pipe body and any excavation equipment.
0
None (other than weight coating)
1

Armored jacket

Engineered backfill

Notch Toughness (specified)

Both

ftlb

Range

Specified Charpy V-notch impact energy of the line pipe (upper plateau energy for a full-sized Charpy specimen).

Operating Pressure Gradient

Liquid

psi/mi

Range

psi

Range

The pressure gradient driving the product mixture through the pipeline.

Partial Pressure - CO2

Both

The concentration of dissolved CO2 in the product mixture, expressed as a partial pressure calculated based on mole
fraction.

Partial Pressure - H2S

Both

psi

Range

The average concentration of dissolved H2S in the product mixture, expressed as a partial pressure calculated based on
mole fraction.

pH

Gas

pH

Range

Both

ft

Opt. Coordinat

The acidity of the product water-cut.

Platform Offset

The perpendicular offset distance between the offshore platform and the pipeline.

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Platform Type

Both

BB.37

Choice

Opt. Coordinat

cycles/yr

Range

A characterization of the type of offshore platform in the vicinity of the pipeline.

0
Major manned
1

Minor manned

Major unmanned

Minor unmanned

Pressure Cycles

Both

The effective number of pressure cycles experienced by the pipeline on an annual basis. (Note that complex pressure vs.
time loading histories should be characterized by a representative single value Pressure Range and an associated annual
number of Pressure Cycles.)

Pressure Profile

Both

psi

Coordinate

The anticipated maximum operating pressure in the pipeline defined at the start and end of the line and at selected reference
points along the length of the line. (Note that the location of intermediate points should be chosen to adequately characterize
the pressure profile given that the program uses linear interpolation to infer the line pressure at all locations between
specified reference points. Note also that the specified pressure should reflect an upper bound pressure profile associated
with likely worst case operating conditions including, for example, periodic line pack or shut in.)

Pressure Range

Both

psi

Range

The effective pressure range associated with cyclic fluctuations in line pressure during routine operation. (Note that
complex pressure vs. time loading histories should be characterized by a representative single value Pressure Range and
an associated annual number of Pressure Cycles.)

Product Corrosivity

Both

Choice

Range

Both

Range

A characterization of the corrosivity of the product mixture.

0
Very low
1

Low

Moderate

High

Extreme

Product Temperature

The average temperature of the product being transported through the line. (Note that pipe body temperature is assumed to
be equal to the product temperature.)

Reference Cover

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the line cover at the time of pipeline installation.

0
No cover
1

June 2003

Finite cover

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

BB.38

Offshore Model Line Attributes

SCC Potential of Environment

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the degree to which the soil conditions surrounding the pipe provide an environment that is conducive
to the development of stress corrosion cracking in susceptible pipe.
0
No potential
1

Very low potential

Low potential

Moderate potential

High potential

Very high potential

SCC Susceptibility of Pipe

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the susceptibility of the pipe body (i.e., metallurgy and surface condition) to the formation of stress
corrosion cracking.
0
Not susceptible
1

Unlikely to be susceptible

Likely to be susceptible

Proven to be susceptible

Seam Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of seam weld quality with respect to fatigue resistance.

0
None (seamless)
1

High quality weld (with NDT)

Welds subjected to full nondestructive mill inspection.

Good quality weld (without NDT)

Welds not subjected to full nondestructive mill inspection, but made

using a process generally recognized to produce sound, fatigue
resistant welds.

Suspect weld

Welds not subjected to full nondestructive mill inspection, made

using a process that has a history of producing fatigue susceptible
welds (e.g., low-frequency electric resistance welds, and some flash
welds).

Poor quality weld

Welds made using a process for which design codes specify a joint
factor of less than 1.0 (e.g., furnace butt welds, continuous welds,
furnace lap welds, and some electric fusion welds).

Soil Type

Both

Choice

Range

A characterization of the strength and stiffness of the soil surrounding the pipeline.
0
Loose sand or gravel
Less than 10 blows per ft in Standard Penetration Test.
1

Medium sand or gravel

Between 10 and 30 blows per ft in Standard Penetration Test.

Dense sand or gravel

Greater than 30 blows per ft in Standard Penetration Test.

Soft clay

Undrained shear strength less than 500 psf.

Medium clay

Undrained shear strength between 500 and 1000 psf.

Stiff clay

Undrained shear strength between 1000 and 2000 psf.

Very stiff clay

Undrained shear strength between 2000 and 4000 psf.

Hard clay

Undrained shear strength greater than 4000 psf.

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PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Stress Corrosion Crack Density

Both

BB.39

Choice

Range

Choice

Range

Choice

Range

/yr

Range

A relative characterization of the number of SCC defects per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Stress Corrosion Crack Growth

Both

A relative characterization of the rate of growth in the size of SCC defects.

0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Stress Corrosion Crack Severity

Both

A relative characterization of the severity of damage with respect to SCC defect size.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Stress Cycles

Both

The effective number of axial stress cycles experienced by the pipeline on an annual basis. Note that complex stress vs.
time loading histories should be characterized by a representative single value Stress Range and an associated annual
number of Stress Cycles.

Stress Range

Both

ksi

Range

The effective axial stress range associated with cyclic fluctuations in line stress during routine operation. Note that
complex stress vs. time loading histories should be characterized by a representative single value Stress Range and an
associated annual number of Stress Cycles.

Tensile Strength (SMTS)

Both

ksi

Range

Specified minimum tensile strength of the line pipe. (e.g., API 5X L60 should be reported as 75 ksi or 517 MPa).

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BB.40

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Throughput Redundancy Factor - Summer

Both

Range

The extent to which alternate flow paths within the pipeline system can be employed to offset the throughput reduction
associated with line failure during the summer season.

Throughput Redundancy Factor - Winter

Both

Range

The extent to which alternate flow paths within the pipeline system can be employed to offset the throughput reduction
associated with line failure during the summer season.

Throughput Unit Cost - Summer

Both

$/mcf or $/bbl

Range

The cost associated with failure to deliver a unit volume of product during the summer season.

Throughput Unit Cost - Winter

Both

$/mcf or $/bbl

Range

The cost associated with failure to deliver a unit volume of product during the winter season.

Throughput Volume - Summer

Both

Range

The average nominated or tendered monthly flow volume, expressed as a percentage of pipeline throughput capacity.

Throughput Volume - Winter

Both

Range

The average nominated or tendered monthly flow volume, expressed as a percentage of pipeline throughput capacity.

Time to Leak Detection

Both

hr

Range

The time required to detect a small leak given that small leaks may only be detected by periodic line patrols or notification by
third parties.

Time to Leak Stoppage

Both

hr

Range

The time required by the operator to locate and repair a leak, measured from the time when the leak is first detected.

Transverse Ground Movement Density

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the number of transverse ground movement sites per unit line length.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

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Offshore Model Line Attributes

Transverse Ground Movement Growth

Both

Choice

BB.41

Range

A relative indication of the rate of ground movement within active transverse ground movement sites.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Transverse Ground Movement Severity

Both

Choice

Range

A relative indication of the existing extent of ground movement within active transverse ground movement sites.
0
Negligible
1

Very low

Low

Moderate

High

Very high

Vessel Traffic

Both

Choice

Range

Both

in

Range

Both

ksi

Range

A characterization of the type and density of surface vessel traffic.

0
No significant traffic
1

Fishing - high density

Fishing - medium density

Fishing - low density

Shipping - high density

Shipping - medium density

Shipping - low density

Wall Thickness
The nominal wall thickness of the line pipe.

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Specified minimum yield strength of the line pipe. (e.g., API 5X L60 should be reported as 60 ksi or 414 MPa).

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PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

BB.42

Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.2.2

Attributes by Module

Module Name
Attribute Name

Product Type

Units

Range/Coord

Consequence
Azimuth

Both

degrees

Range

Block Valve Type

Both

Choice

Coordinate

Detectable Release Volume

Both

ft or bbl

Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Elevation Profile

Both

ft

Coordinate

Flow Rate

Both

lb/s

Range

Interruption Cost - Fixed - Summer

Both

$/event

Range

Interruption Cost - Fixed - Winter

Both

$/event

Range

Interruption Cost - Variable - Summer

Both

$/hr

Range

Interruption Cost - Variable - Winter

Both

$/hr

Range

Interruption Threshold - Summer

Both

hr

Range

Interruption Threshold - Winter

Both

hr

Range

Launch Zones

Liquid

Choice

Range

Platform Offset

Both

ft

Opt. Coordinate

Platform Type

Both

Choice

Opt. Coordinate

Pressure Profile

Both

psi

Coordinate

Product Temperature

Both

Range

Throughput Redundancy Factor - Summer

Both

Range

Throughput Redundancy Factor - Winter

Both

Range

Throughput Unit Cost - Summer

Both

$/mcf or $/bbl

Range

Throughput Unit Cost - Winter

Both

$/mcf or $/bbl

Range

Throughput Volume - Summer

Both

Range

Throughput Volume - Winter

Both

Range

Time to Leak Detection

Both

hr

Range

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PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.43

Time to Leak Stoppage

Both

hr

Range

Vessel Traffic

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

in

Range

Depth of Cover

Both

Choice

Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Elevation Profile

Both

ft

Coordinate

Platform Type

Both

Choice

Opt. Coordinate

Vessel Traffic

Both

Choice

Range

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - External Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Benefit Period of Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Cathodic Protection Level

Both

Choice

Range

Coating Condition

Both

Choice

Range

Coating Type

Both

Choice

Range

Date of External Coating Rehabilitation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Installation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Date of Last Hydrotest

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Last Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Effectiveness of Inspection - External Corrosion

Both

Opt. Range

Environment Corrosivity

Both

Choice

Range

Product Temperature

Both

Range

Failure Potential given Geotechnical Event

Both

probability

Range

Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate

Both

events/miyr

Range

Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate Change

Both

events/miyr

Range

HB Equipment Impact

HB External Corrosion

HB Geotechnical Hazard

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PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

BB.44

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Girth Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Internal Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Benefit Period of Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Date of Installation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Date of Last Hydrotest

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Last Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Effectiveness of Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

Opt. Range

Product Corrosivity

Both

Choice

Range

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Internal Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Benefit Period of Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Condensation Rate

Gas

1E-6lb/(fts)

Range

Date of Installation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Date of Last Hydrotest

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Last Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Effectiveness of Inspection - Internal Corrosion

Both

Opt. Range

Inhibitor Effectiveness

Both

Range

Liquid Flow Characterization

Both

Choice

Range

Liquid Fraction Water-Cut

Both

ratio

Range

Liquid

psi/mi

Range

Partial Pressure - CO2

Both

psi

Range

Partial Pressure - H2S

Both

psi

Range

pH

Gas

pH

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

psi

Coordinate

HB Internal Corrosion

HB Internal Corrosion Refined

Operating Pressure Gradient

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.45

Product Temperature

Both

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

in

Range

Benefit Period of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Date of Installation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Date of Last Inspection - Fatigue Cracks

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Effectiveness of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks

Both

Opt. Range

Free Spans

Both

/mi

Range

Girth Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

Stress Cycles

Both

/yr

Range

Stress Range

Both

ksi

Range

Depth of Cover

Both

Choice

Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Elevation Profile

Both

ft

Coordinate

Platform Type

Both

Choice

Opt. Coordinate

Vessel Traffic

Both

Choice

Range

Both

in

Range

Benefit Period of Hydrotest - SCC Cracks

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Benefit Period of Inspection - SCC Cracks

Both

yr

Opt. Range

Date of External Coating Rehabilitation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Installation

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Range

Date of Last Hydrotest

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

Date of Last Inspection - SCC Cracks

Both

YYYY/MM/DD

Opt. Range

HB Manufacturing Cracks

HB Natural Hazard Damage

HB Other Causes
Diameter

HB Stress Corrosion Cracking

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

BB.46

Offshore Model Line Attributes

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Effectiveness of Inspection - SCC Cracks

Both

Opt. Range

Elevation Profile

Both

ft

Coordinate

Pressure Profile

Both

psi

Coordinate

SCC Potential of Environment

Both

Choice

Range

SCC Susceptibility of Pipe

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

in

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

ksi

Range

Dent Gouge Defect Density

Both

Choice

Range

Dent Gouge Defect Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Both

psi

Range

Notch Toughness (specified)

Both

ftlb

Range

Pressure Cycles

Both

cycles/yr

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

psi

Coordinate

Pressure Range

Both

psi

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

in

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

ksi

Range

Cover Erosion Potential

Both

Choice

Range

Cover Monitoring Action

Both

Choice

Range

Cover Monitoring Response

Both

Choice

Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Elevation Profile

Both

ft

Coordinate

Level of Awareness

Both

Choice

Range

Mechanical Protection

Both

Choice

Range

Platform Offset

Both

ft

Opt. Coordinate

RB Dent Gouges

RB Equipment Impact

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PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.47

Platform Type

Both

Choice

Opt. Coordinate

Reference Cover

Both

Choice

Range

Vessel Traffic

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

in

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

ksi

Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

External Corrosion Density

Both

Choice

Range

External Corrosion Growth

Both

Choice

Range

External Corrosion Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Both

psi

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

psi

Coordinate

Tensile Strength (SMTS)

Both

ksi

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

in

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

ksi

Range

Depth of Burial

Both

ft

Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Girth Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

Ice Scour Frequency

Both

Choice

Range

Ice Scour Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

psi

Coordinate

Soil Type

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

in

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

ksi

Range

RB External Corrosion

RB Ice Scour

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PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

BB.48

Offshore Model Line Attributes

RB Internal Corrosion
Diameter

Both

in

Range

Internal Corrosion Density

Both

Choice

Range

Internal Corrosion Growth

Both

Choice

Range

Internal Corrosion Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Both

psi

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

psi

Coordinate

Tensile Strength (SMTS)

Both

ksi

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

in

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

ksi

Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Girth Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

Installation Temperature

Both

Range

Longitudinal Ground Movement Density

Both

Choice

Range

Longitudinal Ground Movement Growth

Both

Choice

Range

Longitudinal Ground Movement Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

psi

Coordinate

Product Temperature

Both

Range

Soil Type

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

in

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

ksi

Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Manufacturing Crack Density

Both

Choice

Range

Manufacturing Crack Growth

Both

Choice

Range

Manufacturing Crack Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Both

psi

Range

RB Longitudinal Ground Movement

RB Manufacturing Cracks

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PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual

Offshore Model Line Attributes

BB.49

Notch Toughness (specified)

Both

ftlb

Range

Pressure Cycles

Both

cycles/yr

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

psi

Coordinate

Pressure Range

Both

psi

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

in

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

ksi

Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

Both

psi

Range

Notch Toughness (specified)

Both

ftlb

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

psi

Coordinate

Stress Corrosion Crack Density

Both

Choice

Range

Stress Corrosion Crack Growth

Both

Choice

Range

Stress Corrosion Crack Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

in

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

ksi

Range

Diameter

Both

in

Range

Girth Weld Type

Both

Choice

Range

Pressure Profile

Both

psi

Coordinate

Soil Type

Both

Choice

Range

Transverse Ground Movement Density

Both

Choice

Range

Transverse Ground Movement Growth

Both

Choice

Range

Transverse Ground Movement Severity

Both

Choice

Range

Wall Thickness

Both

in

Range

Yield Strength (SMYS)

Both

ksi

Range

RB Stress Corrosion Cracking

RB Transverse Ground Movement

June 2003

PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual