CHAPTER III

METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

In this research, the writer uses the research method that serves
forexamining the use of wall magazine to improve writing skill. The discussion in
this study involves setting and characteristic of subject of the research,design of
the research, procedure of the research, data collection, and data analysis.

3.1 Setting and Characteristic of Subject of the Research

The research is conducted at SMP 2 Mejobo Kudus. The school location is
strategic. The distance is about 6 (six) kilometers from the main road of KudusPati, exactly near Brayung Market on the street Raya Mejobo telephone
(0291)435393Kudus 59381.
The school has some rooms which include24 (twenty four) classrooms, a
teacher office room, consultant room, a language laboratory, a library, a musholla,
a canteen and some toilet rooms.
SMP 2 Mejobo Kudus is a state junior high school in Kudus. It has gained
akreditasi A from Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. The numbers of student in
academic year 2010/2011 are 844 (eight hundred and fortyfour).
There are 42 teachers and a headmaster who handles the teaching learning
process at SMP 2 Mejobo Kudus.

28

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The writer was conducted in the eighth grade class in during the second
semester of academic year 2011/2012.The number of the students in the classroom
is 38 students; 16 female and 22 male. Their ages range are from 12-15 years old.
It also has the input background has the background input about the students of
SMP 2 Mejobo. In the below, there is the table of students score.
Table 3.1 the table of students score
Students
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

UH
KKM
Score
72
58
72
64
72
58
72
86
72
70
72
84
72
66
72
78
72
86
72
86
72
68
72
64
72
60
72
68
72
66
72
58
72
86
72
96
72
76

Students
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36
37.
38

KKM
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72
72

UH
Score
64
66
78
66
64
60
68
84
78
68
72
92
68
60
72
54
74
58
86

The consideration of choosing the eighth grade students to be the subject of

the research is based on the English test scores.The teacher said that students
score in the first semesterwere under the classification of KKM (Kriteria
Ketuntasan Minimal) determined that is 72. So, they are still difficult to learn

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English. Here, the writer hopes that wall magazine could make them happy and
comfortable in English teaching and learning.
3.2 Variable of the Research
To answer the research problem, there are some variables that the researcher
wants to investigate. Those variables are as follows:
1. Teacher variable: the teacher activities in the process of teaching English to
Improve students writing skill by using Wall Magazine.
2. Students variable: the students activities in the process of teaching English to
improve their writing skill by using Wall Magazine.
3. The writing skill of the students istaught by using Wall Magazine.
4. The teachers problem in teaching English by using Wall Magazine.

3.3 Research Design

Every research needs a plan called research design. In order to do the
research effectively and accurately according to the goal of the research, it needs a
strategy planning for gathering and analyzing the research finding. Hornby
(1974:718) states that research is investigation undertaken in order to discover
new facts, get additional information, etc.
According to Ali (1982: 5), Research is the way to solve problem
scientifically, systematically, and logically.
According to Tyrus in Ali (1982: 5), Research is the way to understand
something through observation or trying in looking for evidence which appears
with that problem, that is done very careful so will get the solution of problem.

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Research has benefit to develop educational system or practical importance

to implement the education. Researchers can find out everything that is connected
in its supporting factors.
The research design which is used in this research is Classroom Action
Research. The history of CAR is brought by Kurt Lewin who is the American
social psychology. Then, it is developed by Stephen, Kemmis, Robin Mac
Taggart, Josh Elliot, and Duve Ebbult. CAR is begun in Indonesia in the last 1980.
According to Burns (2010: 30) explains that, Action research (AR) is
something that many language teachers seem to have heard about, but often they
have only a hazy idea of what it actually is and what doing it involves.
Elliot (1991: 69) said that the study of a social situation with the view to
improving the quality of action in it.
According to Kemmis and Mc Taggart (1988), action research is a form of
collective self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants in social situation in
order to improve the rationally and justice of their own social or educational
practices, as well as their understanding of these practices and the situations in
which these practices are carried out.
The conclusion is the action research is research carried out in the classroom
by the teacher of the course mainly with the purpose of solving the problem or
improving the teaching learning process.

Figure 3.1. Classroom Action Research Design of Cycles

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Kemmis

Reflecting
& McTaggart (1988)
In the beginning observation, the reflection is determined by writing
knowledge of students in teaching learning process. To know through wall
magazine can improve their writing skill, so the writer uses achievement test to
measure it and uses non-test too. The next step is the researcher do the research,
the writer uses cycles. There are some cycles in classroom action research:
planning, action, observation, and reflection (Burn, 2010: 8).

3.3.1 The Steps of Cycles in Classroom Action Research

3.3.1.1 Planning
There are some activities in planning stage, they are:
1. To make teaching planning by using Wall Magazine.
2. To make list of observationto know teacher and students activities in teaching
learning process.

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3. To make list of testto know teacher and students activities in teaching learning
process.
4. To make list of Questionnaire s to know teacher and students activities in
teaching learning process.

3.3.1.2. Action
This activity is the implementation or application of planning concept. It is
based on the procedure which has been arranged in planning stage before. In this
stage, the teacher should follow the rule of planning. Besides that, the teacher
must consider and adapt the students and class condition so that the teaching
learning process will run naturally. Those will be known by teaching concept,
observation concept, and questionnaire concept.

3.3.1.2.1. Observation, Test and Questionnaire

This activity is used to know the teacher and students activity in teaching
writing process which is used to improve their writing skill with a list observation
that appropriates theme, and teaching concept.

3.3.1.2.1.1.Observation
Observation is the supervision done directly or indirectly concerning the
thing (Raharjo, 2011:42).That contains the learning activity in the classroom, what
materials and responds from the students. To know the students activities in
teaching learning process of English in improving writing skill through wall

34

magazine a list observation. So, the writer can know the interaction between the
teacher and students in teaching learning process.
3.3.1.2.1.2.Test
Test is instrument or exercise used to survey of ability, skill, and knowledge
of students or group (Suharsimi, 2001: 150). In this stage, giving test to the
students is done by the writer to know the level of their writing skill. To know the
level of students writing skill, the writer gives assessment when the students do
the assignment and discussion in solving a problem in their group. The form of
test that is used to measure the students writing skill is written test. The score is
categorized in language aspects which are consist of grammar, vocabulary, and
confidence.

3.3.1.2.1.3. Questionnaire
Questionnaire is method of data collection to understand the individual
person by using the list of questions about the individual aspects (Raharjo,
2011:90). In this study, Questionnaire contains the indicators, questions, and their
answers. The indicators of questionnaires are students interest, teaching method,
and rubrics. In students interest contain about the feeling of students about Wall
Magazine. Wall Magazine is taught by teacher that is teaching method. And
rubrics are like the evaluation of students about Wall Magazine. Questionnaire is
also used to know how the students respond about using wall magazine in
teaching learning process with use some questions.

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3.3.1.3. Reflection
In this stage, the writer examines and considers the result and impact of the
action before critically. In this case, the writer gets the data from observation,
achievement test, and questionnaire which has analyzed until the writer finds out
its reflection.
In this last session, the teacher, and observers discuss together about
learning teaching process. The product of analysis activity at the first cycle is used
to revise first planning. The second cycle is used to as revise the first cycle, and
third cycle is used to complete the first cycle and second cycle. The teacher and
observer summarize what their result from discussion makes report about using
Wall Magazine.

3.4 Procedure of Action

There are some procedures that must be done in doing this research.Those
procedures are Procedure of Action I, II, and III, but the writer will finish if it has
been appropriate with minimal score in the school.

3.4.1. Procedure of Action I

The writer gives task in written form to the students to be creative writing in
recount text. Then, the students make their writing interesting, for example they
make their writing colorful and good looking. Observation is done to observe in
teaching writing process. The writer will observe the process of teaching writing
process.

36

First, the teacher gives questionnaires to know the understandings students

in learning of writing through wall magazine.
In this cycle, the students are asked to make recount text. Here, the writer is
teaching while the teacher of SMP 2 Mejobo Kudus will observe the teaching and
learning process. Then, the teacher will show about Recount and narrative text.
After that, the students read and analyze Wall Magazine. If they have read and
understood, the teacher will give assignments. They write recount textin colorful
paper based on the picture to become their assignment. Finally, they can put in
Wall Magazine.

3.4.2. Procedure of Action II

The writer continues of repeated activity. In this activity II process, the
teacher gets the problem from cycle II that is in spelling word, tenses, and less
creative. Then, they should have designed to make Wall Magazine.
In this cycle, the teacher also gives the questionnaires first. After that, the
topic or problem which is given to the students, it must be oriented on the
curriculum lesson of SMP. The students are asked to make narrative and recount
text by different question to improve their writing skill. It is to know how the
students ability in writing based on text or lottery writes narrative and recount.
With the same topic step, the students should be hoped more understand condition
and situation. After the students are doing these steps, the teacher gives evaluation
about their writing.

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3.4.3. Procedure of Action III

The repeat of characteristic as the continued action, where the students
review their lesson but the teacher gives different learning method to get the best
score than cycle I and II. In this action process, before the teacher gives some
questions to be related by the material, the students are hopefully to know their
material with the good grammatical. Here, the students are asked to share their
experience in their holiday by their own sentences. So, the students should be
hoped getting the best score (more from the KKM score), than cycle I and II.
Finally, the teacher will gives questionnaires again to know the
understandings students in learning of writing through wall magazine.

3.5 Data Collection

In collecting the data, the writer did several steps or activities below:
1

Asking for companion letter from the Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty.

Asking permission to the headmaster of SMP 2 Mejobo Kudus.

Asking permission to SMP 2 Mejobo Kudus English teachers to do the

research and test.

Giving treatment to the students in teaching English through wall magazine.

Giving Questionnaire to the students.

Analyzing Wall Magazine can improve the Writing Skill SMP 2 Mejobo
Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 or not.

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3.6 Data Analysis

The writer gets data from observation, test, and Questionnaire .
1 The data observation is used to know the activity of teacher and students in the
classroom. So, the writer observes how to improve the writing skill after being
taught through wall magazine.
2 Test is used to know the level of students in writing skill. It is also used to know
the response of the students in teaching learning process through wall
magazine. Here, the teacher gives assessment for them. The language aspects
are grammar, vocabulary, and confidence. It can look for average score from
those language aspects.
Every item in action I, II, III is looked for their average scores. To look for
the average score, I need formula, follow as:
fx
X=
N
Note:
X

= average score

fx

= sum of the whole of score

= total of student

Besides that, the average score of students writing skill can use these
categorized, follow as:

Table 3.2 Criteria of Score for the Students Writing Skill

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The score of the students

Writing Skill
< 70
71-75
76-80
81-85
86-90

Criteria
Low
Fair
Satisfactory
Very Satisfactory
Excellent

After that, it can make into percentage, follow as:

X
NP

x 100 %
R

Note:
NP

= The average score percentage of Writing Skill

= The average score

= Maximum Score (100)

3 Questionnaire is used to know how to solve the problem of teacher in teaching

learning process of improving writing skill of SMP 2 Mejobo Kudus through
wall magazine in the Academic Year 2011/2012 statistic calculation to describe
the writing skill of SMP 2 Mejobo Kudus in before and after being taught
through wall magazine.
There are many things to consider when evaluating writing result. I used the
criteria of scoring of writing English in Handayani (2010) quoting Broadman
(2001) in the book entitled writing to communicate which is published the
writer by Longman in giving scores as follow in the below text.

Table 3.3 The Criteria of Scoring of Writing English from the Book entitle
Writing Skill to Communicate by Broadman and Rydenberg
Scoring

Aspects of Good Writing

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Exceptional :25-23
Content or ideas
Very Good :22-20 1. Has excellent support
Average:19-17
2. Is interesting to read
Need Work: 16-0
3. Has unity and completeness
Score
Adheres to assignment parameters
Exceptional :25-23
Organization
Very Good:22-20
Paragraph
Essays
Average:19-17
1.Has topic sentence with
1.Has introductory of
Need Work: 16-0
2.Clear controlling idea
paragraph with clear
Score
3.Has Supporting sentence
these statements.
Has Coherence and
2.Has body paragraph
Cohesion
with good
organization.
3.Has concluding
paragraph
4.Has coherence and
cohesion
Exceptional :25-23
Grammar / Structure
Very Good:22-20
1. Demonstrates control of basic grammar
Average:19-17
(tenses, verb and noun)
Need Work: 16-0
2. Show sophistication of sentence structure
Score
with complex and compound sentences.
Exceptional :15-14
Word choice / Word Form
Very Good :13-12
1. Demonstrate sophisticate choice of
Average
:11-10
vocabulary items.
Need Work :9-0
2. Has correct idiomatic
Score
3. Has correct word form.
Exceptional :10
Very Good: 9-8
Average:7-6
Need Work: 5-0
Score

1.
2.
3.
4.

Mechanics
Has good paragraph format.
Demonstrates good control over use of
capital letter, periods comas and semicolon.
Demonstrates control over spelling.
Doesnt have fragments, comma slices or run
on sentence.

Table 3.4 The Criteria Assessment of Improving Students Writing Skill by

Using Wall Magazine
The Score of the
Students Writing Skill
86 100
73 85
61 72
0 60

Criteria
Very Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Fair
Low

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