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Spurious Correlations

This document presents several examples of spurious correlations between unrelated data sets. For example, it shows that US spending on science and technology is highly correlated with suicides by hanging, and the number of Nicolas Cage films is correlated with swimming pool drownings. It suggests these correlations are coincidental and without causal relationship. Several other examples of coincidental correlations between random variables like cheese consumption and bedsheet deaths are presented. The document is highlighting how correlations can emerge from random chance alone between unrelated variable sets.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
244 views14 pages

Spurious Correlations

This document presents several examples of spurious correlations between unrelated data sets. For example, it shows that US spending on science and technology is highly correlated with suicides by hanging, and the number of Nicolas Cage films is correlated with swimming pool drownings. It suggests these correlations are coincidental and without causal relationship. Several other examples of coincidental correlations between random variables like cheese consumption and bedsheet deaths are presented. The document is highlighting how correlations can emerge from random chance alone between unrelated variable sets.

Uploaded by

Oana Alina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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US spending on science, space, and technology


correlates with

Suicides by hanging, strangulation and suffocation

US spending on
science, space,
and technology
Millions of
todays dollars
(US OMB)
Suicides by
hanging,
strangulation
and suffocation
Deaths (US)
(CDC)

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

18,079

18,594

19,753

20,734

20,831

23,029

23,597

23,584

25,525

27,731

29,449

5,427 5,688 6,198 6,462 6,635 7,336 7,248 7,491 8,161 8,578 9,000

Correlation:
0.992082
Permalink - Mark as interesting (5,147) - Not interesting (2,370)

Number people who drowned by falling into a swimmingpool


correlates with

Number of films Nicolas Cage appeared in

1999
Number people who drowned by falling into a
swimming-pool
Deaths (US) (CDC)
Number of films Nicolas Cage appeared in
Films (IMDB)

2000

2001

2002

109 102 102 98


2

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

85

95

96

98 123 94 102

2008

2009

Correlation: 0.666004
Permalink - Mark as interesting (2,041) - Not interesting (1,875)

Per capita consumption of cheese (US)


correlates with

Number of people who died by becoming tangled in their


bedsheets

2000
Per capita consumption of cheese (US)
Pounds (USDA)
Number of people who died by becoming
tangled in their bedsheets
Deaths (US) (CDC)

Correlation: 0.947091

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

29.8 30.1 30.5 30.6 31.3 31.7 32.6 33.1 32.7 32.8
327

456

509

497

596

573

661

741

809

717

Permalink - Mark as interesting (1,760) - Not interesting (418)

Divorce rate in Maine


correlates with

Per capita consumption of margarine (US)

2000
Divorce rate in Maine
Divorces per 1000 people (US Census)
Per capita consumption of margarine (US)
Pounds (USDA)

5
8.2

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

4.7 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1


7

6.5 5.3 5.2

4.6 4.5 4.2 3.7

Correlation: 0.992558
Permalink - Mark as interesting (1,565) - Not interesting (367)

Honey producing bee colonies (US)


inversely correlates with

Juvenile arrests for possession of marijuana (US)

Honey producing bee


colonies (US)
Thousands of colonies
(USDA)
Juvenile arrests for
possession of
marijuana (US)
Arrests (DEA)

'90: 3,220; '91: 3,211; '92: 3,045; '93: 2,875; '94: 2,783; '95: 2,655; '96: 2,581; '97: 2,631; '98: 2,637; '99: 2,652; '00:
2,622; '01: 2,550; '02: 2,574; '03: 2,599; '04: 2,554; '05: 2,409; '06: 2,394; '07: 2,443; '08: 2,342; '09: 2,498

'90: 20,940; '91: 16,490; '92: 25,004; '93: 37,915; '94: 61,003; '95: 82,015; '96: 87,712; '97: 94,046; '98: 91,467; '99:
89,523; '00: 95,962; '01: 97,088; '02: 85,769; '03: 87,909; '04: 87,717; '05: 88,909; '06: 95,120; '07: 97,671; '08:
93,042; '09: 90,927

Correlation: -0.933389
Permalink - Mark as interesting (1,123) - Not interesting (233)

Age of Miss America


correlates with

Murders by steam, hot vapours and hot objects

Age of Miss America


Years (Wikipedia)
Murders by steam, hot vapours and hot objects
Deaths (US) (CDC)

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

24

24

24

21

22

21

24

22

20

19

22

Correlation: 0.870127
Permalink - Mark as interesting (946) - Not interesting (355)

Per capita consumption of mozzarella cheese (US)


correlates with

Civil engineering doctorates awarded (US)

2000
Per capita consumption of mozzarella cheese (US)
Pounds (USDA)
Civil engineering doctorates awarded (US)
Degrees awarded (National Science Foundation)

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

9.3 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.9 10.2 10.5


480 501 540 552 547 622

2008

11

2009

10.6 10.6

655 701 712

708

Correlation: 0.958648
Permalink - Mark as interesting (787) - Not interesting (347)

People who drowned after falling out of a fishing boat


correlates with

Marriage rate in Kentucky

People who drowned after falling out of a


fishing boat
Deaths (US) (CDC)

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

19

16

12

15

10

11

Marriage rate in Kentucky


Marriages per 1000 people (US Census)

10.9 9.8

9.1 8.8 8.7 8.4 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.4

Correlation: 0.952407
Permalink - Mark as interesting (653) - Not interesting (265)

Total revenue generated by arcades (US)


correlates with

Computer science doctorates awarded (US)

2000
Total revenue generated
by arcades (US)
Dollars in millions (US
Census)
Computer science
doctorates awarded (US)
Degrees awarded (National
Science Foundation)

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

1,196 1,176 1,269 1,240 1,307 1,435 1,601 1,654 1,803 1,734
861

830

809

867

948

1,129 1,453 1,656 1,787 1,611

Correlation: 0.985065
Permalink - Mark as interesting (627) - Not interesting (119)

Worldwide non-commercial space launches


correlates with

Sociology doctorates awarded (US)

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Worldwide non-commercial space


launches
Launches (FAA)

54

46

42

50

43

41

46

39

37

45

45

41

54

Sociology doctorates awarded (US)


Degrees awarded (National Science
Foundation)

601

579

572

617

566

547

597

580

536

579

576

601

664

Correlation: 0.78915
Permalink - Mark as interesting (594) - Not interesting (231)

Number of people who died by becoming tangled in their


bedsheets
correlates with

Total revenue generated by skiing facilities (US)

2000
Number of people who

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

died by becoming tangled


in their bedsheets
Deaths (US) (CDC)
Total revenue generated
by skiing facilities (US)
Dollars in millions (US
Census)

327

456

509

497

596

573

661

741

809

717

1,551 1,635 1,801 1,827 1,956 1,989 2,178 2,257 2,476 2,438

Correlation: 0.969724
Permalink - Mark as interesting (556) - Not interesting (276)

US crude oil imports from Norway


correlates with

Drivers killed in collision with railway train

1999
US crude oil imports from Norway
Millions of barrels (Dept. of Energy)
Drivers killed in collision with railway train
Deaths (US) (CDC)

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

96 110 103 127 60

54

43

36

20

11

22

76

59

63

60

55

52

46

74

2001

76

2002

87

2003

66

Correlation: 0.954509
Permalink - Mark as interesting (498) - Not interesting (262)

US crude oil imports from Venezuela


correlates with

Per capita consumption of high fructose corn syrup (US)

US crude oil imports from Venezuela


Millions of barrels (Dept. of Energy)
Per capita consumption of high fructose
corn syrup (US)
Pounds (USDA)

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

446

471

438

436

473

449

416

420 381 352

62.6 62.5 62.8 60.9 59.8 59.1 58.2 56.1

53

2009

50.1

Correlation: 0.884883
Permalink - Mark as interesting (436) - Not interesting (329)

Per capita consumption of chicken (US)


correlates with

Total US crude oil imports

Per capita consumption of


chicken (US)
Pounds (USDA)
Total US crude oil imports
Millions of barrels (Dept. of
Energy)

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

54.2

54

56.8

57.5

59.3

60.5

60.9

59.9

58.7

56

3,311 3,405 3,336 3,521 3,674 3,670 3,685 3,656 3,571 3,307

Correlation: 0.899899

Permalink - Mark as interesting (430) - Not interesting (262)

Per capita consumption of sour cream (US)


correlates with

Motorcycle riders killed in noncollision transport accident

2000
Per capita consumption of sour cream (US)
Half-pints (USDA)
Motorcycle riders killed in noncollision transport accident
Deaths (US) (CDC)

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

6.1 6.5 6.7 7.5 7.9 8.3 7.9 8.2 7.9 7.8
35

34

33

47

54

63

44

Correlation: 0.916391
Permalink - Mark as interesting (402) - Not interesting (249)

Divorce rate in Mississippi


correlates with

Murders by bodily force

56

55

51

Divorce rate in Mississippi


Divorces per 1000 people (US Census)
Murders by bodily force
Deaths (US) (CDC)

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4.9 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.3

166 139 142 103 93

61

57

89

62

74

53

58

Correlation: 0.890472
Permalink - Mark as interesting (396) - Not interesting (204)

Total number of Political Action Committees (US)


correlates with

People who died by falling out of their wheelchair

1999
Total number
of Political
Action
Committees
(US)
PACs (Federal
Election
Commission)
People who
died by falling
out of their
wheelchair
Deaths (US)

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

3,835 3,907 3,891 4,027 3,868 4,184 4,210 4,183 4,234 4,611 4,481

169

154

157

209

274

360

356

377

392

471

436

(CDC)

Correlation:
0.915876
Permalink - Mark as interesting (368) - Not interesting (221)

Number people who drowned while in a swimming-pool


correlates with

Power generated by nuclear power plants (US)

1999
Number people who drowned while in a
swimming-pool
Deaths (US) (CDC)
Power generated by nuclear power plants (US)
Billion kW-hours (Dept. of Energy)

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

421 465 494 538 430 530 511 600 582 605 603
728.3

753.9

768.8

780.1

763.7

788.5

782

787.2

806.4

806.2

798.9

Correlation: 0.901179
Permalink - Mark as interesting (341) - Not interesting (271)

Number of people who were electrocuted by power lines


correlates with

Marriage rate in Alabama

Number of people who were


electrocuted by power lines
Deaths (US) (CDC)
Marriage rate in Alabama
Marriages per 1000 people (US Census)

1999

2000

127

99

2001

2002

2003

83 109 96

2004

2005

2006

94 105 93

2007

2008

2009

2010

88

84

71

63

10.8 10.1 9.4 9.9 9.6 9.4 9.2 9.2 8.9 8.6 8.3 8.2

Correlation: 0.903602
Permalink - Mark as interesting (340) - Not interesting (226)

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