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Energy Auditing - Electrical Load Management

This document discusses electrical load management and maximum demand control. It outlines a step-by-step approach for controlling maximum demand, including generating load curves, rescheduling loads, storing products and utilities, shedding non-essential loads, using captive generation and diesel generators during peaks, and installing capacitor banks for power factor correction to reduce maximum demand. The overall aim is to better manage electrical loads and minimize peak demand on utility infrastructure for improved efficiency.

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Anoop Mathew
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61 views3 pages

Energy Auditing - Electrical Load Management

This document discusses electrical load management and maximum demand control. It outlines a step-by-step approach for controlling maximum demand, including generating load curves, rescheduling loads, storing products and utilities, shedding non-essential loads, using captive generation and diesel generators during peaks, and installing capacitor banks for power factor correction to reduce maximum demand. The overall aim is to better manage electrical loads and minimize peak demand on utility infrastructure for improved efficiency.

Uploaded by

Anoop Mathew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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For Private Circulation Only

Electrical Load Management and

..

Course: EE09 L 09 Energy Auditing, Conservation and Management


Program and Specialization: B.Tech (Electrical and Electronics
Engineering)
Faculty : Anoop Mathew, HoD EEE.
Scheduled Date of Lecture : 07/01/2013

ELECTRICAL LOAD MANAGEMENT AND MAXIMUM DEMAND


CONTROL
I. Introduction
In a macro perspective, the growth in the electricity use and
diversity of end use segments in time of use has led to shortfalls in
capacity to meet demand. As capacity addition is costly and only a
long time prospect, better load management at user end helps to
minimize peak demands on the utility infrastructure as well as
better utilization of power plant capacities.
The utilities (State Electricity Boards) use power tarif
structure to influence end user in better load management through
measures like time of use tarifs, penalties on exceeding allowed
maximum demand, night tarif concessions etc. Load management
is a powerful means of efficiency improvement both for end user as
well as utility.
As the demand charges constitute a considerable portion of
the electricity bill, from user angle too there is a need for integrated
load management to efectively control the maximum demand.
II. Step By Step Approach for Maximum Demand Control
A. Load Curve Generation
Presenting the load demand of a consumer against time of the
day is known as a load curve. If it is plotted for the 24 hours of a
single day, it is known as an hourly load curve and if daily
demands plotted over a month, it is called daily load curves. A
typical hourly load curve for an engineering industry is shown in
Figure 1. These types of curves are useful in predicting patterns of
drawl, peaks and valleys and energy use trend in a section or in an
industry or in a distribution network as the case may be.

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For Private Circulation Only

Electrical Load Management and

..

Figure 1 Maximum Demand (Daily Load Curve, Hourly kVA)

B. Rescheduling of Loads
Rescheduling of large electric loads and equipment operations, in
diferent shifts can be planned and implemented to minimize the
simultaneous maximum demand. For this purpose, it is advisable to
prepare an operation flow chart and a process chart. Analyzing
these charts and with an integrated approach, it would be possible
to reschedule the operations and running equipment in such a way
as to improve the load factor which in turn reduces the maximum
demand.
C. Storage of Products/in process material/ process
utilities like refrigeration
It is possible to reduce the maximum demand by building up
storage capacity of products/ materials, water, chilled water / hot
water, using electricity during of peak periods. Of peak hour
operations also help to save energy due to favourable conditions
such as lower ambient temperature etc.
Example: Ice bank system is used in milk & dairy industry. Ice is
made in lean period and used in peak load period and thus
maximum demand is reduced.
D. Shedding of Non-Essential Loads
When the maximum demand tends to reach preset limit,
shedding some of non-essential loads temporarily can help to
reduce it. It is possible to install direct demand monitoring systems,
which will switch of non-essential loads when a preset demand is
reached. Simple systems give an alarm, and the loads are shed
manually. Sophisticated microprocessor controlled systems are also
available, which provide a wide variety of control options like:
Accurate prediction of demand
Graphical display of present load, available load, demand limit

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Electrical Load Management and

..

Visual and audible alarm


Automatic load shedding in a predetermined sequence
Automatic restoration of load
Recording and metering

E. Operation of Captive Generation and Diesel Generation


Sets
When diesel generation sets are used to supplement the power
supplied by the electric utilities, it is advisable to connect the D.G.
sets for durations when demand reaches the peak value. This would
reduce the load demand to a considerable extent and minimize the
demand charges.
F. Reactive Power Compensation
The maximum demand can also be reduced at the plant level by
using capacitor banks and maintaining the optimum power factor.
Capacitor banks are available with microprocessor based control
systems. These systems switch on and of the capacitor banks to
maintain the desired Power factor of system and optimize maximum
demand thereby.

___________________________________________________________________________
Queries, clarifications and feedbacks: mail to: [email protected]

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