CHAPTEK 1
Wet using 2a
vb 28 oy)
with 6)
vx [Re(Ee*)] =~ $ Re[Be™!]
Re[eiy, 2] = Re Bjwei**]
rm which .
wEa-jod 7
If the last adep To tod abvious one can use the following
TF pelcjei¥t] = Relerei™*] 6,6 complex nes
Rellensbicers ot + j sinwdi}= Re[laytjb,Neoswt +f ain we)]
aycoswt -bysinud = aacos ait - by sinwt
which must be drve Sar any time € nce 0b, tasbe
"and boty. Hance
areal nedantee Phas
Anatyig this to the above, eb ey vaP and eg
Bo ca con) fae
Bt ae 20)
Hence vice E)=e which 1s Wit)
Note supe Fn o(e8 or anleB)-iwe > er
4
LAS From (rie)_and (7)
veE= wn
on At= [swCe-dE +S Yo jek oot oP
Fram (6-19)
vB xH =A (on B)—E- ox A
gua A) B-juse Eten B+ PY)
“je df? +jwe/E)*— oe [* EoP*
(ExH*)=B-T" + ole l + ju (aelt® ele)
Taking HII) der ob both S65, _ 055 eaana
HExttas by divergence theorem (C2)
3
2 EE Mare [felelde jeff amitpeler ee
HR + Ba, 2520 Way Weer)
suhich is J-28) and identification of berms in last
fo eguations yields (29) fo (1-34).
sat
ver(Rejub-ize )
nevit
= [rFPReguLittt ja at
one +jzw(Eeist gate
2+ Rigg +3 (Wags Mlar) shih it 20) with xo
where
Bu HIBIR Wy BLE,
chap CakeelEL siece ile gh Iz]
Se sae a
Note: Sn circuits I» gp Twa! * ond itt) = Re Smug oo)
and in Fields B= Emaei*US} gn coy is
Sabedideting
‘nto the gives
-jenh-vF— e-40)
wo vA aoe
substituting
nye CamgaB) OF %
oF Bute Be-& which is 48).
IEE the Laplacian in Spheres from (©8118
Ove h(n ge
cas) gives
Then, with
yee wehave
b3- (C2 (= SE fee
SL eee spe pete]
ec est
& pave y ac SE (ce a0 ele
© antegrating (os) ol « sonal wlome
BerP de elf yairn-[f loki dr = 4
“svar « cf) 42 sine dodger
oer UTP sin8 dedpdr —z O
vite
sing the divere ence theorem of ay
Severe Detar fen ae
o(c 8). trteind dodo
1). PresinBdO4p
15-26 ceon's)
Wore ao <8
tet
rane .
FP wal) spige bh) on
lie Ee ie a
ine dedg =-C#r
Ppiaw BOW sn) BER (OM)
i" aa EAE 5 e (nse) Bcsone)
# Bie Hersoe] sae
pine TB eC) G2 5108 cose
<8 Ean slates + esfe) cane” sine
’Meta Con's)
6 Tar a i*atwe 4 ier
6 LEE gp -cin) vee
MPosius Ie 3
ane! OC cos 0-8 3108)
Now (€-84) leads 0
22 (M) eplagy Bother) ch
whet 2 (vest) NL, 3 loot)
ptt [28 (o gro) re 2amb as]
enattn
ie
And fram (C3) 2 5 *
7k) LP +8t Ry 8 caine 74
wadat|ecase 2 (eC vlt)) Bg ar B=4]
5
bet
Eat fe cos see (eH) re CAH)
+8 eager esine]
Be eS pcos yee Brie) B08 C4 HO]
ae BOR,
iw # “aeR)
Sox,
at wy ote teas 1bsm6]
pial? eos0 gr A) Bone HoA)]E
= Bhima ef cosoliet ee aol
+B smelrr ite Top ]E
sme jepajne mmane = Ge
The complex Poynting vector i=
Seb EFS (Eb o E P AHS =f (Eo hp O-EHpS)
fet fence shee ino
Ge er eos 8-C4 00 ie) in982
shee eS ws wed
“1B fen 0 ald ge gt pose
set -Bsualidelig gege ier)
605 8 ain 86.
616-3a (con't)
Then
$EsH'=3 (FE eww Bltrigs)ome?
vali igen) os800 05]
re)
Panel Mabel dl] Mf Re(eeat 08
hte “phere
Taking the real part of the ansaier in (a)
Pp “Sy Ear ewan sate Aa
BY ws) J SEERA 2 sin dB dB
(2) con Sap norese
exe
todo nt (seine-snzee.
[-sene Ze -e2K0)-$],
= (EN euIet= (Ian)
aE eet = Fe gay
The reason that By aguals the power radiated
that. the radiated poutcr's present for ail vakies of
(distance from digole). For small values of r i is
Scie ty ehcEie peat Compunen ds os
Semontérated in (a), but dre reel park (radiated
poner) expression it the some. Sy other words, the
Bue redlated power 's independent oft
Let
From (6-24) ; ,
DE =A d(E,) cine felon ®) + rea.
since E=0. Fron (HO)
16-4 con't)
os Bei rage
£2 Bhan (se
Consioer
BECO) = Bhi c8
= Hx me al ora bean )ael
“ JF
1m
rane gril
este
sng time t vg
(am be (Bind) =
za wea) es
= Fpl 20008 (Pig EM) SE
“The sum of a) and (8) is 20r0, thus
vE=0, ao.
=I
et [pp yeitt Oe),
PCD IS gay [reaped OE aa
fad (1-988
Banyo Ae 20H
(-Ayrind 8 vAgcoe® A)
Fine!
A f aay fom
BBE (CA) rine A) “zhao Fe EY
7 scape gy)
22 raat sy’) 0
= ER(* cose g
teas B
ed
spcost Sra ei Eda (
SER (one Srarest™ dx)
rapes, et)
8ATH cont)
The second term may be neglected since + varies as
ya ond the subsequent gradient operation wil fed £0
Sienfaster “Sail bi with rye te.
Them a francos 0 rca) 88 gy Site,
For the same reason we con oaglece the second
erm above. (site YE te which Is << iF gro!)
j¢c0s8 2G saeit e045). 3¢ cost Ay
From (¢-33) ns .
eu B08 Prbne Bek
cpa a
AEE Speen et ay Wee
a jgcos a anes a (EN et) e
pad
eg Raefaaneith us
spc anal OE gmat
geno AP thas
np RetRayu (Ay sno bsycxt) x Case
ye Ant Aju + fg) cB F
mjw Apsind BoA, cos Oj i BABY A
Q
fe Agsin BB which is oA
‘See Section +) Sor solution of the uniform line source.
17-3
Re/e-r}=[(F-*)-c2-Py)" te Paneer
o[pozerney]*=cfi-2 BE 5 2k
er[iedeft le AP ons) reer
hit
‘For linear antennas D=L in (-99)
as Ea
ryt
‘The boundaries
eee NW NS ask
a
3
i
y
if
Z
G;
10A7-6 1
I= sian = c.008s
So Fron tne gregh in Pola 27
Typ, eae apelies and
ny lea = Lelso0) = #60
urn
The extrema of the fourth term in (1-84) fellows
from! 5 2 Pah site cose
on Oral |
SF slution,
ox sine [zces*@-sinto]
One soluten 1s 8=0, but gives miaimum erret,
the second factor 15.0 for
Oman = O,S¢an WZ? — bat O's for myrimamt
Cmax = ES#T?
Choosing ‘the value of the maximum phose
of a) fourth term ia (/-G6) to be We:
2 By sun®S#7* cos SHI?
= Ze ( gp Saget eas 02
La weximim 2!
Selving for Fa
ray = 0-365
reezoz[9K as im (1-100)
Se
x
e
Se
it
Seine doug =(""dg {"snade =znf-cose]”
serf-c)-cil] = tr
(alse see Prob. 23-19)
@) From (1-189)
A= NSlron's2= SS Renda = [ose sino dodo
s2r STtestesintde °*
roe
y=2r{tos0sin8 do 2eftsinr@h, rh-o]= 3
"056 sino dou ay[- 872). ex
For nes °
gt mp
= 120° for Sh
0° for 22
24a? for 023
(© For nnd she power pattern is Pleraloos%
San" isodropié pateefo over Walt space
THO Dye (Ls snededg =20[-cosdf = or
So 02 Hel Dg= by 22. This is twice the
directivity of an isotrgpie antenna because “ere
ts bere Held over half whe #PECE,
2
sahich23
From (I-15)
Ay= (Sleep de “
= [oeflrcntsiede
2 erf[inedor 0S "Sinode caror {Morn de?
wea feces 20 esto
2r lost = 2.933
Zz
So
°, Seam (I-/42)
ar. __ 40
AB, HR, BR Bp Hh
From Frob.l8-4 with HQ. HR. = 29°
$255. 4.05 = je dB
Dy=Slec@nr aa
0°) ra 701 reas 50°)
ee 2. ada 6aTaB)
2: He saaney "aaa 69738
(9 4e _a125s
igs Ne He
asiag (i161)
Qeee
=F ans ands “| *
= en beset ow pet
2n [ocasl Fos) 2056
One» ir = ana = SEA]
check: Example 3 with &
correct answer of 656 30!
13
(end-sinea))= #808
gives the
2-0.
or, .
So | Vireastan = (tue [Fo sine de
mote [Faced =A Liotiensi]
fein tnd) In tn 81) © fy (0~InC tan £2) = fn (ed 2)
a
or itean be p= fm __
aL °° Sincezasarey
Lee a
Da= [Ef |caplsinsdedt =2nf een eee
where
B inv /nipt (tector 2 included
due squering)
a em
ne 2x Nene Gio = arf ets du
= Bets Fre] ae
Extending the ugger Hime foo)
* cearex imation for HP
(fice t+ Ex eit)
Ba cine telly aver elagp t+ Eee of)
Mon cw.
5 ONS ares
&
sore Be
BaVETEE (cosv e+ sinvei"G) which ts C00),
TsThe incident RHCP wave Is decomposed into
and y components +
1,
LAE 58
Upon reflection, both components are
Fligped 180° since from (/-27)1
O= Besa = Eine t Eee > Eres
In addition, the dicection of propagatien
E,
eyeieneat
5
» eb
“lV 4
Af
1 vee
which is LHC.
* ser Seas) ep yPrt ease)
AS - SS)
eB git Cre Beaso cites? _ Cn Sfesaens Hose
Fee it ce = = cr Poose)
where rt (Beas6)" att woes awed somce r3920
EP 25 sin Breese) + $Pe08@ 2 cos(8Pteo0))]
ap lar Pease + Beos02]
sing gues 228 ce cymce A2708.
=p ee sores) ae cos
Bre, ee CETT 42 cos
But rajng 20 B= Tw
Then Ba et" ray
ar ee
w RevB or¥)
Cinyer) cose
en)
ao oi no Be a RG
+ ie)
BE SEL)
SBE EM Aida) coe 08 m (7.
0 (Ay 800) LBs SF Gprayset-ve0)
Tet EE ole une
2020-ont) ie yy ete
& oe alt + cage tt jrejua te) tO
#).
Bejaulreg fy] ne as 0b
ne Patel]
dada jolie)
LY cos [oP RCg0= oF Lees|e(t- a] Zt
BES ces fe (Even)
Fara parallel plate capscitor
ce £4 Acerca of plates d= plate separation
Ta this faze
mian*
a) araaoi azea.aza
ET OO 349 x08 3
36 ak]
ae
ther
rer
© From (172),
Ben 80 OCR 0 9860.02)"
ai
22
Fem) Se
Me ok
cos(¥eosE) cos 0
socgy= ED. ate. 5
az
See Fy. 2-56
zed
cos (Fees0)
ame Bi SE piztwlde comm
Fir the half-wave digte 4
se, Theta ernlecb-uan] =)
aff eae 11 zi" “siot[eQ-a)]de
RLY LI -cosceed Jou
hah is hall the value Hf eld bz
Reweninys l= frm orm)
1 vaslorm cuccent
10th, eae trie The a BEWOT Ma 202 635408 m
(Ramee = SREEIES B= 0126 ohm
OM ese Same” ware ~ HI
ze3+
r-components of E's
Fn= C086
Fes = ~Ceos =-C cos
‘ohere ‘the minus sign arises
beatae ofthe oprSerte
BSE Eee ere
We see that he tangential
‘Senparents Ot Ee sad rx
center
encomporente of BE
B,=0908
Egy =-0217 8 =-D5n8
and the proyectos of
By end Gy ante the
plane PP" cancel,
"
wt
@
“tha equivalence above egg plone) glows teat the
paterhe sll be re seme abere toe grand. plane
eri
23
23-2 con't)
8) From (220) mane = 2 Dag
2s apie ~EU6A © 328
© From O-M) 8p, mano = § Baydipte
&
Pardmano = 426.2 ayae =f (135; 425) = Te SeT Ae)
Reef ano coop
Sobeh toting (2-53) and 2-54)
eye Fe ene
sin
OS Gar
Re SGeaieh EH Tetenedede — cHiz8)
at24-6 tean't) trate
Paget S Tighe C1 Ref S ete) rrantdedp
= LOSE eae (yy = ETE 10H
Seve J sntede (ae = EE test
3
= 10(gSI which is (2-500.
dba tes ey oo
Biba Se ES it and od ane
®
= hte, Rieke 2 ZUhrb) aa
= Shh, Bete = LOH 9 which is Cae.
A=900 m @IMH2 b=AZm doF.I2 00m ae #06 XK
TO C02)" = 0.12566 mt
From (3D, ee
foe Sime 2 $1200 (22) gona x"
From G63)
Re
hes = ghey 268210" 0.1297 cher
gee ay (SE =» FEET = 2c22000°4 an
Thos
Re sonnet uo ena
ce Ri waste Sy” totw"= 20079]
BeOtm dBI2x0"%m an woe xem
From G65) |
Te pal in (2) aengrae Ines) 175]
= 64 x10 = fetal
as
24-6
Stim Qe beatin de o-cotm
Fans: oe
Re = 31,200 (52 )*= 34200) MIS?)
From cos) Ue)
iq swl =u lin $)-175]
= 2a (ats) #rs02 inf RBID).76]o sth ahn
2246 10 com
263/700
BaseNe aan %
FeiMHe A=300m = N=S00 _untt= 38
Wr Lb =0.0lm 0,003m = 3x /0% me
R= 34,200 L aug Se ]*= 342000036
25x10 using (2-59)
od
2g using 2-61)
206.01 0.003) Acpendix. 8.2
wr (o-ceenss) ® No.30 wire
torso (2.63 x10"%) = 427 using (i
Reumie = Ry neglecting core /esses
fe sasxso® a
re Ramis © pay AZAR
26ate
om @ $0PtHs , S=O.Su' xa.2Sm*= 0,0028%
d=a0%m ah 2h = asm :
Ga) The perimeter 15 C2S)= 2m = 02% £0.22,
50-57) applies:
R, = 34200 (5a)*= 31200( 2.088
(0 From G64)
L= #2 cosh fe
Nt 2219s
oie
7
cosh f= Foe cay
= Bx7L028) cosh"
Xa wh = 2m 3xs0l sexe ts 20492
sexe
Ros “eligede
y= Ret Rahmie Hi Ke
oe
From (2-86) N= Mew ar Ly = ¥/Aom
Fir an ideal doyle yo ang n> coe2)
a Aig = Nlo.iaat = Ifo. = £40 steradh
ato-(Ugseree). 2756 e ey]
2e2 a
From @-84)
Og 2zIs>
fem
3
From G84) em or
Bul dale
and FR,
plat err dy
£ eB cote
hen = Fp 2 rR
where Fr Ry = 502 since losrlrs
From 88)
o- A
30.=1704.x00
Beta C70 = 10H
BSS saizem d= o.018m @ 406He
The physcel auerture area is
hee Edt = E(i22)* =L1690
The Sibettive opectare is
0.643 ont
The fin fs BBA),
GTA. Aig oes 23544 = $5556)
2825-6
From (2-90) ae
Aenean Ap = 0.77 (22) ]=0.0495 0%
using (2-69),
a= erloous yf = 0.622 f
Gt £2 5 GHe (Azo.cbm)
622 GH 173.8 = 224d8
at f= 106MeCA=a0rm)
= es =
620.622 7h, = 92 = 26.448
at £520 GH (nco.aise) as
ab = 34
G = 0-622 zetia = 2754 = 3
Mite tre 6&8/ectave expected due to $*
25-0 eee
Fa Fe Tee aw
Pe eta a eMac care eee cae
Fe Gdaw) = Pe BW/) + G48) +6, (4B) +20 fog $4:0"m
Sse ete Yes
= Pees) + 6,48) #6, (G8)-20 og tna) ~Z0/og Ren)
+20 lng 440" 2 0g trv Lolo io™
= eden) +6048) +6, C8) -20 og Rem)
oe “rhieg Fete) 30
Pedbme) = PeCaBm) Gy 8) +6, (48)~20 fog Rlem)
£0 log Fisile) “32.44 which tz 2-4).
24
ng, with (2-99),
P.cdn) = Py C48m)+ G48) +G, C48) -20 leg Fo)
20 fog [$24 km Remi) ~ 32.47
= Rld8e) + G, (48) + 6.48) ~ 20 loght(mHe))
=20 log{ Rewiles)} -36.57
asa
Gee 1022630 Gx 2538 from Ex. 73
od 0.0241 m
7?
SE cas)
Cent
= 120 2830-2530 -(0.02¥/)"_ |, 38757,
120 “Cem aaxso® —~ @° 26x70
= 20fx0oPW
2510
A caawl= (3 Gyl48)=10 G,C48)=3 Fe/s0rMe
Ae som
From (2-42),
Pca) = P40 w) + 6,C46)+G-CA8)-20/09 [Rew]
= 20/oghFceata)] -32.44
= [$410 +320 /og 50 -20 Hog 150-3244
e304 dew
3025-11
wine nmanepeatncee = Uk ern
2 . a.oguso- we
zene
3 asx
3
sotvopie, os less transmit ontenaa,
Eten winere Har is constont with &
Stack ing with (24¥,
© geeant
Eas. p UKE herd 1
Fee Re Gera ~ Cpe = Ree Ger
constant wit Freguene seas
ees % ea
“Start with (2-93)
RG, Aer yg t Pe Aes fer 9 43ird
Fea RG Ren ude het Ber gsr,
= Fh Ace Ber
= Bene ENN Ee ea
= KE™ Soc F,RsDe,De constant
Claas eane
Thus
Rarn)= Kiba k(Zhlts Kits £ EE)
q
256 ow
GGeX ergs) _
Rae Ee cee) ererah eG, (2-00)
G.= SEA. C89)
se e
ps eree SAX p Ace.
rm = EIRP Gm
or
PCa) = ELAPGSm) +10 log Aer Cmt)=10 109 (47)
3325:13
fa) okm of RG-B coax
x S0ei0'm = £00088
) Ratio system of Prob 25-70
Net gain = fit) Rb) = 85.94 13 = 96.08
Net fase = %6.94 di
© Yes, cepeaters wold be necessary Sor the cable syséen,
@) For a 500m gath
Leave = L$ xs00m = 50a]
Lintio = [Gy Cut) + Gp C8)~20 bg eth 20 bg Foot) 22-4]
[lors-20hg05-20bg(s0- 3244] = 5é-7¥B]
© £2 300me , r=s00m , d= 2.16 Bay
it Hv coom = 708]
~[10+3 ~20/e9 5-709 300-2244) = 25% 46]
@) Fiber ogtic cable mith as 146/en
som = F048)
Liber =/ $2 x stm = Bab]
o
be isgre pore
Cable (ae-1 [500048 | sods | 7048
Radio | 95.9468 | esse | cases
32
25-17
Ba NOkW Ge = 2=/0%R2 LSS
WO kW ML S85) = ISBS kw
76 dB for electrically small antennas
E20 AsdwIstA Beam clo en ans
Then Gae-D = Q0SUS)=0.09S = -i2sde
Cb) Fram Fey
Then @
©) p= £76de
Ce) an eieetrieelly small antenna with op =2887
haa enc Dcseneir)e1 © O48. Smal/artentas
otha ere 0.667 have 2G8)ZO.
262
Seavk with C77) 5
3 %(Loahl sin* F + 2 cos8 sin
Sen dk ep relia ee 208 one)
Sere Sel = GENE a L808 et eortosee)
Eguate tuis for O00? to Sy at com fh 24):
Seplo=90" *)
Fat) ae
She, ne LE.
Ghee em
220 = 0.03849 par0.29 4-015
Da a2sths)=09F= eedCHAPTER 3
@
o
iy
coveel <<“
The waves add qectectly)
lohen the path Or Flerence
fo'tA/2, which compensates
for She’ ito! curren phare
dfterence
reosgn 4
cosege £4
= 60", 120"
Ape -jeut het, theo?
sin(theose) = Zysin(neese)) se dad
coy
@ TAF w| 123 snCreos® J 7
@ inom A psintweost
HOol= iaecansl ” TassintmcosOays — [Sin(nceso)
va gdcosO tA e Znces+7 — smeded ¥ aria"
“then S30) is
ey cos) -sintrcos@)
fell = sien) eS= cor for a broadside array of two iotepie elements
win 9? me
a= SI STF sino dad =
B fa cote we aig
en, ireos) db = Gilrosme lt
selina)
i
aR
Spacing
ins O99 we vB)
sereaye seals 28 ame Se
A eos 8
2 fea ned ict Meven
enn cosh /Weos odd
Fores)
corey feces veatinast Neven
san coswb/ eos’ HV odd
ts Her-an|=lferea)] = (Eco) syametrie ahaot Yor:
37
$0)
ean)
Zeinl$)cos6%) _ cos¥ hich 1s (5-0)
Zane) ES
At fist null
Youete =
which 6 (3-44),
B24
At The half power paints
ree ga CE Yo)
$n) = aT rege)
for Nato
sins tn)2 Bsn B)
Solaing by tal ond error 5s a974
Wer Hons 20279525 = ¢dcoBye 42)
25 SHEE) ore gonsane x zaceantes
-oessge7ed
roouensd.
3e42-4 conte)
HP= 16
eight ~Pntiece |= 2(00444 8752.
Bee weve
one a
ir Nez0
Siz 0.044340 =0.1393 by trial ond error
oa sore S391 Joc egttg)
c.osse7s a
2.044
He = 2(2S834 2). oosesed = o.en6r dy wv
Thus NK
70 O4848 As W increases K converges
20 ONES" oasard O86 as 1a (5-45)
34PD
0) WOH, ae, nt ©
©
© wer deze Beto
NET as
8) Using (6-36),
ed cos @ = ED cos 5° 2-106. 707) = W123"
+29 cos oe a
+
da 44058,
S27 Nes Isenl
rath yy
Stamey Dy
So ut ke gd a
‘ig on feo
Bee ame) beth
© gangdcos8.-0
visible cegion
aplesiatee
eS Me!
eater al
dengdeas6s == Bf or es
fe ehenter tems on be JFE ging be
Shing 20-8 ond angderten
eseoamnar 9 [daGHeD)
3z8
First aote that dea8sr
“Satishies (3-2)
No
I —gdeos eB 36n oto?
Comparing $0 Fig 3-1 for a sn
Uivectbidy gabdcen has a
Ingher 2s" lobes,
42B24
5 FN sedinary endhire spacing and phasings mee. d
Feom (60)
Il Qahy=20-)=ONsA so d= aver
Ana
“fa edcosa =- 38 a.us0 cosit0"
soar
2-10
ash Nes hw
First, fram (3-3!) we mast have
degi-pleg@-H=a#
Mex Fron (3-516)
ge klgs te) = 2 (Bossar#) =2 ar
= 04m for &= 180°
“the gatiorn:
Feo 328
an Examele 3-73.2011
4s
fact with (3-33)
Sere en Sin %) sin (488 cone)
Nsial¥e) ~ “sin (ease)
Reducine spacing while keeping length Lead
Fine
F sin (Sees)
are) oo NPB c056)
Soerag?
“
= aE ees) icy is Con,
ose the pattern of
aes
46From (2-8) 4 conn cos( Bono)
From (376) the array factor for a two element hall
Mtovelengeh spaced, apvally excited array
fco)= cos( e030)
has
yat0) Fee) = 50s8(E
contro)
gine 2g Ganconlfene) Fens
wey (9. 346)
a
Fram (28)
Sho = exces
From (3°18) the array factor for a two element one-wovelength
Spaced egatly cibited oreeye
Gio) costrcose)
* apie sco)= ERD ipl
47
Ded
(rye) (560)
"
From (3-69) the hle-dipole
FPotern frsins Slone ys |
guint) <2 anecaad) i
Vrane case"
From (1-18) the array factor is
feove coscreond)
"rap = gies f= PEED coscrcase)
a |
(oye enya)
+65 ee = resem
goa Paes
Fre 2-30 for « Hasn-sbatyrd wry || |
aedemgy-died y=} eterna
Pe archer ah deoon tobes te, NS 4038
From tha)
Gnaqued a 4(SeaneF) =2(0breaste) = 293i)
» vionl es
Ae
a fae
From ae) os(F sine 269) oo sou ple
meme f eae B
below ground phe
From (31) and cesults of cad
Ya gdeore +d = D6r cos 0.950
From (S38) sey = 3208)
So
cos(Esncce6) sinforneesOoLmee]
FOP) = WOON rs ntocony San[aarcestroaeT,
above te ground ple
44
geo)
3
eS
d°%d ine4} deoBES Ceon't)
The elemont pattern from (-s8)is
el0= 3m 8
SI
3.36
Gon't)
Accey
ete
ean Ey
as
telens x
? .
aa es
Note thet the element gattern null reduces
‘the whole pattecn and places a null in
the e-an's drrectron
¥ plane y pattern =
© 0°10 ons — arrauy toctor
eaten 2 paters =
Sy element pettern.
se‘oP view
Feour view
33-7
actuals
2 Fa27 He Ariiin) da 276m s Me
motel:
Array factor
swe view
woe J ITT de
117
&
The ye-pene wil have
ihe Mighest 52 sree
its pattern fe aoe
reduced by the ele-
men pattern, as in
the ya plane, So
we cor with the
ory” barton
The peak SL ocurs at Om
‘tps gdcos 8 th = ad
fe the attern ab Pot:
fipeasten 2A yearg
selving by trial and error gives x i6s%yr-
5° dpa Mr ogy deata7A
Also) see Fig 3-20,
ot33-8 Ccon't)
Heplaws gatfern
“From G9) DEN
tz
taba Nei
(a) Broadside
Fram (278)
= 53D
Fraws (1°80) Qe2
E-plane pattern.
fer d=03, 420
10 byt = 528]
B42 ceon't)
(0) Eadfire gested
“The som in (3-7 is g
saree eink 2S BD indy
£ digeneoe(Padonoriens(Papneottggea)
z [-734z) [eos (eos) “7
Oy mew
Seg =20r |"[cos (Eeose))Ysnede
Let uxfore du=-Esinede
Then My 2a dy. aud
a= 2a [feos ul St = Tose
a= 20 | feos St fi suf du
Sm! erhy®
5 2 * care)! Cal )*
scotty pant
2 Gane
A.
General jategeals
feos dy =sinx
x
Lew fg ep) 2052
Sarpy ECP] eee
6s35-5 Cont)
Then yo #0 2 Fenn”
ony
ce) west 2
D. one 3.66 agrees with Fy 32
Other values! Dew=2)= 2 2267
ve 20
Bs
Short digoles d= Nz (eden)
From (3°63) and Table 3-1) (4.2245)
penf[Z+2
1 (Copazcos mad)cos mi)!
@) N= broadrde (azo)
collinear : a, =-4mpd
Da 4 83 +Sf RA Gt &
ft ideoodsy +
Dz D:% = 4s) =6
() N=t endtice (A=# ed)
parallel: ay =o! H
med ae 7
RENT AGH GNA Ge]?
#01179) = £7
5h
a
35-6 con't)
© broadside (4-0)
parallel: ays aie.
Ostler ELEC Ett CS”
=¢(.87) = 248s
Gd) N23 broads de (=o)
collinear: a. =- 2
P= 35831 Seth CAS"
= 3Gio1)= 3.32 pe Qos 31)
(2) NEB beoadssde (A=0)
parallel: ay= oh
15+ eG Aa?
BCP, +
= KD,
Us sEs
Note 1 De Ds fs net very close fo eect
value
Reference: CTTai, “The optimum direchiniy
ch untocmly spaced broadside arrays
of dipoles,” EEEE Trans ASP, pp. ww-Fry,
uly W864,
67@ Examele program:
An
ane[ [ danpnana aia — mations
s agrees with
Prob. 35-4 bb
collinear arrays of half-wave digeles
d2Me Aye L do NEBSE
De=ho
Directiv.
WS N:
Reacte 241 i436
faeqyi- gage
Seb
68
BEL gz -pos0" 2, 410045" 2, = k0L-10°
Bo ae ah Oa ea
on Coo)
rotor SOLO = 54.455326 =63.8L30)
since anrenna *2 is open cireuited Ty=0 and
Feom (3-98)
Vp= BT, +2 Te = 2u Ty
And. from (3-4)
240+ Bale
Y= BEB ota o es7L 10°
From Fig. 3-27 with port "2 open,
Boo = By-2z + 2a = By
Short circuiting port #2 in Fig, 3-27,
aa]
ag
dec = tad, + 2aC2a-Bn)
22a tka
Ada t GE) since 222,
2 10 Felloms fom (3-0
au tiie al eon fay (3-0)
64B62 ceon't)
Them Bde = BEBE since ByeBoe
So
22> [Boe CBe-Bse) which is (3-702)
awe
36%n 04d cor,
ter clement af the origin
4 AA 4 C08 8 k=O, de Aes, dated,
ce [4 [a] a [as [& [a [a
[Broainae [v0 [az] 0 | oo | o | o
75¢/3aze| 4s¢| 323°) 9 |-azse|-ras
130°) 3-324 249.4°|126.7°| © [i247¢]24n40|
lenetive [or |s-azelzencr|iagor| 0 [raqoyzeecy
wpe 26°
SuL=- 2068
3.7-2 Ccon't)
5 552
Haze
SLL=~12046
«) “
edeos G = 8m (1) =— I+?
Apsni442 dy s-200% dy=— 492%
7323
S74 ren
BES es uch GbR eg dpe Betnge germ in coms eh)
tine cosh of sin 8 sing» Bed
awe Foro ines arcoy with element pas:Hors on fre ats
NM wei foo
(fine
a To ,
1} # sb fxinbaing 8 cos8)- 248
feancora] whch ss the pose frm intr)
wo
vecjone! .
arrayed os
The
‘
Pattern is Bero fm the wy—plane.
Te
petterns
NAINA
shang:
eds
ete) ;
= all ths the'clemet!)
> « lene’)
PED ef gitte
S Lawn
’
eeERE ae-%
d= Hasnno7r
a
areny foswes EN
da -o9r
733.965 Ceon't)
The total pattern
slerert |X orrayfacter = .
Tn the x2-plane the epuivalent array
obtamed by grojectiqn is
2
x which gives a null
oe fettere in thes plane.
Ta the ye-plane the projected array is
e ehich has He gattern
aR Ce eg. 4b.
1+
T(daeto-| cet
Guctorlests,
75
Fite
Pa
\
~y
tnathe? array of four
ieee fs Boe co
(jrage.tneoly dhe image
Srpeles are eh oppeaste
pinie te tne primary
rae i a
ited :
y T where + ssottepie point source
ts 1s equlert 606" ia og aay ob #
“fo, etal
In the sy-plune the pattern (3 zero
Ey yee
Sn ty fates
Wetoe x rei =
By method ob images exch element can be replced by
al [itece y*
vii ge pt
x) gum Me 7x
ty
which hes the follwing x2-plame pater.
and the yr-plane pattern is. tsotepie
Now arraying the right and lefe array helvess
ST he teinc Bear)
773:7-4 (con't)
Tus the taal pattern F is
BD,
—4
©
©
2710
The eight clement acray can be decomposed indo two
idareays
Lf Lf witha gotten gunn ia
2 Pres
ith a pattern given im Fig. 2-5
Tn the xy-plane the
paern is thtot the
Teele e array:
Ta the ya-plene the.
partecns i that ob
‘the "element:
7427-11 ceon't)
BI38-1
38-L event)
Array fucker
+a
82 8328-2 econ) “
multiplying this array factor by the elemerd
muting ta aay fr by te
for
Pre)
dasnd
3
The peaks of the arcay factor occur for
Yemen 20H
The main beam is mzo. Sean is limited
by one of the fiest grating ober (a=),
choose m=t!
BH
Feom (3°38) yey (cos @ cos)
at the yrating lobe
nr 26d 608 08-605 ae
d= [e058 wan
Gat Gram 290°, 50
»
Ayn)
4 Ur ([e03 Bom ad
24 (I~ €05Eans)
1
set
Since the ary 4 be a tT
eethtn Oy,
will be met at ai! We
J +
Eepeences Suc toes =| | | | | 1?
int lengéns38-5 ccon't)
38-4 con't)
Ae 360s At 360 MMe
da Bs oss 20 dy 205m = ZF (onstnl=
eaeo
Tn the ye-plie the ekment patterns sotrypi, so te
ae Finwe is simphh the array poet 2-728
The pattern is shown
‘ompiebebetlern in thar 9
Becher “odious ave pitied 'pe” tuo patterns for
cach fepwengy. Note vat oe th 20% bandwidth
‘he gattorn to" ery atabe .
. Pan = Ven Lim = Vine Ct Om) Line C= Mat)
es ViveTite CI=Ial*) (3-18)
ir
naka Phihriie,
ce) Sum pattern. ALIEE tr
Since tha gattern of ywteresd is the v2 plenty
the chment pattern it unctirm and the tH
fettecn aguas tne array factor
ide! Boe st st Ast A
fe 300 My Nel mY
deine dt ee
2 se
dan gLoobere Length of ei —
pn Ing bac sei
Cesta TS Chat of fred pce,
“ae elements i phase
lence ‘stern ts some as thal
Siete ands Foe oor 87
86
o38-702)
(Go) “Sreotene se
38-760.)
Ge) MIN INEC Pro was used “e evalvatethe
aiffererce array of Ch) with dipoles of feng
Leoend and radius a=acosr, The pattern
ne
The structure for 6908 whert the null #5 om
TS above qattern rz rug similan te Smf le artery
Tpece's on CU). Bact a naviside lobe 12 eresendt
Fn 30°C end 130°), Also the herigen lobes
see a tus 46 fener thant wi C6). Buf; Semele
stheary does very well!
Noles a single dipale im fee race has
By = TBIT GZ aseng Moi, In te artoy,
a cote. chmort hes 2,265.7 i622.
BeCHAPTER 4
First costae E.
So at
Let xesnd or
sind costa fosing
~l4-E) = cos "sina
Then coslende sinly o F
cos Cx; (sine — £,
Subtracting eG #)
603719) -con x)
fee
From (4-15) HP =Zcos'(i-04432)
lef d= Wocos tiny) where
or cosdevry
And
cost a/dyryte ley some yeel
cod siintd dy
sintx aco
5 sida ty or sinaz VF
fut sindzd for A vel
Thas vay or BP avaqoasaay
P= 2Joee =] which is C16),
AIS.
“Fram (4-8) toc a. aniform line source
Fas ETT, ging HOH share ua Sb cond-coxe)
“anan” ae nm
For 290" ux te cos
when Leer we Eb cose < kee. Then UM
nd saheh {2 tne some as the
eee dpe eof.
72a)
90
ya
GB umlorm line soar,
Fam (14) HPs ode pe 20.846 X zoos 2 654
Fam (430) 9 a2h 22 Bon "Taa]
(2d, endlire uniforon lone source
From (4-6) P= 2NGRER = 2)OTRTE= 066s
Fem 28 pagh 42a 32 = Kora)
(16d, baat elon ine sou
Hpcawtes costes ~ocerete r= 37>]
fas38
73.
14.0648)
eats 1
‘
or41S con't)
ci) Measueng the HP's
WPtbrsadvide) = 16° Blend fire) = 60:
This aperach Is very oftroximaze
°
Wesnadete) noted « one forms rz 127°
Wands ce\= 2USHEE «IBF 2 0963 + = 5230
#6 we
For broadside unitorm ine sources ux Pease
Sy 2 a 2969
i) yp = chor 72) = 72.2085
2 oso71
Fae
ye Pecos 7 totehel sae
443 nasa ve
Py acgo- Bye sae .
1G concen send) 13108 ssn bur atthe 70709 ~
IE) = 497 gn orcentn6A) 28077
Ye
De,
Sept 0.70706" :
2D ypeameh ease dy <2.0092 6 2188 7
on
Pee t90r BRR «57.6068 yp EB cosine)
ty 20M a o.ze708 7
De B24 yp 2H coset
“
ase
ne = (0% Eat
Sts o7068
OE r= S076
a
we A
92
41-7
"From (420)
By=23 Sabre Bah
fed. Datei, 102
Ba ce ae
Foaluatng 3
fag
ame
fefede
#2,
eat [J fst f fe gu)
Cia ord
“Keay
$ Sica) S00)
+ Sila) +5utb) a0
rp Seta) +5000)
Hasen,
mie)fren)
ORE eadade G2t0°,cos8,00 ond
Frame) th og Senet}
ez setts 2nqy
©) AL becames much larger than 2 wavelangth Ce) bromes
e
—> Oo SeQgt} pias > «Zz
eg ge s2(f) a> oeeZ betor
a glow which 13 E-B)),
©) tn the broadside case
a 4 Cansen ut)
4z4
‘Coune-tapeced braadede lore sources
a fcetng ay Secbun 41
Pez WCE) 4 10 dap @ ED or age P09
Tnserting this ia¢427)
Sapa EES, wares
Tegra.
Moede, =k (ie = [ee tala
wt CTP ay [FE Tete IE
ef. (Buu) 5 es a toebong by tral entero %eikige
“hen suwser\= jSEL = oorono6 > a29mdB
a4
eg ln
ht eas
aaa
pos
423
ARO @ I6He cosme-spuared daperedy brakside
G From Table #-2
1b red = TEE]
hos isa
(0) fom Table $2
Du 06673, = 0.667. 2h waser.2 B= 13.34 = 2506
aed
TON tne scarcer with Following curren? disdributions
402
(ah Uniform
Fam(aia) WPedtte b= ott Ax ao.otts rade Zon
Fromit-2)) 0,224.47 22 29 = T3aBl
(rThngalar (romaining elashigy "Fo Table 42)
Woeiaey oree rad 2 aa
p= Bois ort20) = rs THB)
coborine
eeiink
ation = 281020)
(a) Coane aggared
tise oad TE5Y
0.467 = 0.66720) = 13.3 = FEI)
as42-4 ccon't)
Gicoaine’ 09 a -/0d8 pedestal
o3p = 0103 = Eto}
092 Dy = 0.82 (20) = 18.
.
4ZE Tranglar curront-typered /ine source
Bram tie Bite Sager boey sb
sureur=SEranei*tsn! — cagearotge
Zee "hes
rete rete f
Peo Bader offe
pet aif
Bate ay
(#*] ace$a(geoube pe
©) Foam the tack that HPCLIEE (beaadside)
WL Tock
Ont Fa F-00432 Ft
aye § 00524, & = Geos (F064)
Gan beads icsth)
Fagg, =[ £10 cossei2)')”
= [ee]
The position of Ye ter the Sirst aide lobe pesk
ill be the Same as a for a unsborm “ime
Source, 50" (ult) yg = 2437
AES can't)
The Fa)
426
The triangular current disdribution is the consalstion
oF two an frm line sources ie, a triangle ts the
Convolution of tuo pulses
in 1839))* 2 oo ynn
Taia
26.548
Leena
to dew
er
ye oO ine react 70),
se i nef ene
LTT torte ott *
a ST tate hada Shea
Eye sino BEL ober) :
0) Fir Led Bh ios6 = Tuas ce, ee). '
ond
6) From (80400
2jue SE Tae 58
Comparing te short dipole result in (8) with Tar,
and af D= 0% a4
From (526) . or
ee Sure sects s
Be Fae aag 0868 fuss
Then from (23)
weisa(h) 305 (3) +324
lsz(ossay-aettows) 13242
& pez4t
From (£28)
“To ig2 ()*=388(8) e324 = 185.63"
A eiraight ice digela would have YoI80, co thie
Tea Case
Sz
pag opet peut so
B2e Siminct~ Fie)
1 thin wire antenna Sam Table 52
Bish eBae Ch) = BIBL = 2s
‘Fomtte) ~ Seng)?
ri} 80 Lae) Gal Lg
3 2H. FT a
i REP ROR Go
Pay eo aS tal
Fiom Fige.5-# and £°6 for Le O42
From (e251
Byes tan Sens 300400 OD. so75 3.0
From (529)
BL Feet aca 355-5100)
‘AS Fev 2a ~ Ma stL(3s 1)
From Fig, 16
4, (L0#a) = 350-1000.2
ast
Brie cate
sage tReet] ot
onttarey ZR, er OF Ra-R or
ps2
@
Rete
Togut per = pn = i22e ~ (hb Rs
Power duipated in transone
Fee he
ee cas eae8) THE Ye sront peeve feo? pace
Galery Tae cungir Disrasbu red!
BY “consume” Na oF THE CURREYT
Dlerabertad .
ne
_ Ad a
mo
ee
aswant | 4 rece
Ban
ling ARRPAT:
ning ARRPAT ne
St
fet <—200—
eeunr
ebeffcoe easnes ee?
“3
E-plane
q
Eplne
tioS43 ccon't)
Rupt (20%)
nyu (8 1266.7"
te aaselites®
This ig the som of Ey sed
“Estat arr) sere fecatdve)
Pea delayed yh
ue 20 @g phase shite
giving Secere
Left e=it09
Ehegem Ep HE Cat parasite)
The Freni-to-back ratio (3 Pas
0831 _ 4,
PEt = 116 = [2148)
‘The pattern in Prob.5:4-2 (which is the same array exagt
Tne parasite amplitude is 0994 and hare bie 10) ha
OGront=to-bace ravie of (7048.
nt
St-y
For Taree s~¢, po.xdBd Emu 1s
THE bth Boor Léwerd ence
Umew ves” pewew cones “ee
Bettie [aeons
Boe Thnn (anaes
CompeussTED LEWGTIS ARE
No compsusnrion AECURED FoR Beam
he Stem
Bom sewery = 7,16
SRE OPS Lite
So = o2eh
d = 9.00.1)
usSto
From Tame 4, 142 diel caw is
THE 42) Boom lever ease
bitten Uses DECEN cunves ">"
A= 6442 cm
Rory LEWGTH
Spa md
eed.
z
f= 000341
16
=r in
Ste
+02 —oo
vse oc dae”
p= 72°
0 re veer To THE Rieer
owe Vase
“THE Paepsinie ELEMENT 12
A ERECTOR,
Preacrie.
aang
7 D=bewer, 7
Zot Bt ay = toles*
Bis ls
no tS Bap = bo Lae
Zo = Go 2° [sce 6 inc]
THe avswee 16 APreomare
BEcavie THE OPE” CipevIT ED
Prtheirre ELEMENT tne searren
Some POWER Bact To. THE Davee
Biereur aerioved TH wie Be
feca retry “Sma. THAT IS, “OPEN
Siecirwe THe Paaasire Dies Wor
COmpLereLy REMOVE IT Flan THis PRobicen,
7S4-l0
soak Adena
tasr oo
“i THE panacine BLemeur is
A RERLECTOR
£51
4) SEE Fle. SH Hy
8) yop eer
a
18
2
And for @ half-wave Chin) dipole 2, J0rj0
S62
aed ae ce ae oe
Borrowing the results of (278) i
Datere gremd tnt *Z Dire pce are
2 ernce 27 sing
os
213
TB AP Covent bacon mgd) cos ma
at sing Table 34,
BG Boe] and 20
RP eT tue en
ngGhar obtained Sram
ne mage carent woe TE aT
imnge theary"in SBS rgrgrh= #2 —=—— 4
or From (5-50) with Me
Tee hrm (66 wit eon at
Eee lege ony fale il Pew
ees TL ASS a
XL Sieg
Pe eee eee
the image rene -1 is " io
sia eet |
PEGE dot ogi -o
SUaies FF
pce oe
eee
on
al
E-plane
clemgtheny X—aceeyKetr = Titel Epon etre
CS
(ene)
(33-0)
lz0
56 -3c0n')
Hepa ont en x array ate dns
CN
custome)
564
The program ARRPAT is used to give
«
Eplene n
o
Neplane pate
Iz= 3 =
Bae rayon AQepar
sis Sern
Se pee Hh
Tel atnce he
face beer eset
nga spmmetricat arin
plone
she Hoplane pattern is very close That for the perfect
ground plone hype) batts (B1N9a0 = 08) TAB
Jrelow the main bean nantes ”
From (218) Zamme= i Zapdipsle = $ (7040) © 3 ohms.
The radian eflany te 94 arn Pin preva
Es
Stn > Rabmic Re (St
From Fiys-50 ot Iie for Rae Von tna?
"se0m)
Gm] = radhal Lrgthe
Since the loop current is. (eee
Simba oot *
REPOS Oe TICE sede wit be independent. of
FRc whplclly cheese $20, Then
FP bin cosp!
From the biguce we #60 that there will only be a pean
ent since current elements apuidistent fo the felon
Bnet eae EE ani nee” pmpsn 50
WPT, OLB preikP Pag!
And $.flacosH (see fyare); so
Be Pcs post bmB cooky,
Bn bar, b eos p’ ait Ade’ ae,
com (61) with nel,
i= PERO casa da
50 i phen cost,
05 #'46'= 2nj Tiegh sine)
Thess ser
Bad Sh ans Iiebons
Now, py ek,
ws A rsserse ob) =sien5 SEL Siphon)
123
jg, eu0r
F522, pa phere)Ep. L can't
Sie a sel! lp beedor $eel or gbes lpr pbembeel
THM Scgbaing) = Cbgme
50. gun bel” ebsnd » cit
Beh bane, Fup Be ng
thy td ewer Eee ze
Bab gptS Be ime which ia the smell Joo
Bae S Fae sie whchig te oral ar
12
Ey
Tet ca Euntanbh of entEane cor) 4]
oxgnnel Met, 3, «SMa sei Oy
Conner 8 Kirt Exped cone! sey (ED)
Bae feet Ete ST tenner?
[eernernn giforanint! trenton trian
a6 | aneeae® + rag
eel ee
shaw men cna} cia sip Fett lf
sag coe vLvin( Freee) in Heo)
a = fant Beira) sin tre
sa eos 12 snl feas) oof -2 cos Fst) sin]
[cor sin(Feert) cos Feor?)]
piftteitiomontry, frennetetrys id
eoEink) goGCinais! eiFlsbeed) gifs
af! ona ty
where con Rwsinb sin
124
kb F cress) sil Pires)
© pelea) CIA) s/nLS(rcos A) ~Ciecoee) sin Fetes]
> gaia rene Bact) -sn Beasd)}
[sim (Eovcenn)) + Sin Fe-ieas 2D]
an on Ze femaynng 2a adj g] 16?
= gly [eos con Feos.t)-sin (Fees A) ]
Combing tae resets:
REET, $22 cos f cost) Foray [cent s10( Best) ose
Sized Sy [om cos GFaa) -s nl feos]
MAN eg lh fasta fel Fee]
ECO eas 2 cos Feoss)-sinl Fash]
whieh is (548).
Fan (268) is
[cosh ok coh iE]
eettrecertVnea|
eh E where pe pecimeter
So Legh rcosttgle
THs, eusle ze gf cosh
= phew since sun Za VE ae
For 202» and aza.0oia
My =120"(02) cosh 22q = ZAHA ohms
Comparing to Fig. $53 b for the exact rel
Xp = 227 ohms
as5
MININEC with axo.cosd and
Square loop: 20 segments per side
Circular 196@ GOwires,4 segment per wire
gives the Lollowing values
Za
L sere Ceep Ciraalar Loop
PX @R6-jlRLSe— 102.9-5 96.6 LIA
LS 7939-4871 6983-53683 15
20° 2034-jU28 — }96.2-jN81 20
~ = =~ ~ ~~ eesonated: ~~ - - + -
MBX WHIea03 LT psrgasl2 LIZA
Direedivity
numa bscelZ oc ma citeslacl coe AED
in 08 dB ava de JA
is Hoe 457 ay
3.27 20
fesomteds === = =
3.83 412
126
7 ceon'e)
SdB/aiy > ° C
CT RD
Ge,
en fs AEN
we nete that tre patferas are veg simer,
“The impedance and directivity values
are similers
Circular Looe
127SS
wang the seme courdnate system as
inh op 551 Sor 1 hoop :
*
Cc x
The peak of tre patterns from both
antenaas is along the z-axiss this és
required foc maximum power transfer.
the loop cadiatimm in the B-direcdion 's
Linearly polarized parallel to the x-axrs.
The folded digole is also LP parallel to
the x-axis, given @ polarize trm meth
6
Channel 37: 608-614 MHe, 6/1 MHe midband
d= Ama ta/em @ Ute
waa
Loop perimete!
boop radius
wiee radius
217 B= S455em = hIS\
0.09m
0.001 m
128
57-6 ceontt)
MININEC was used
with 0 wires and
Lsegrione perwire:
cs
x
Be
Polar plots in dG
EC
Boy
5 d8/incremont
patterns are symmetc AEN
z
Zp =193.9 495.52
(Note: From Fig 553, a LISA spuece loop
has Z4%/50 4/002.)
124
258-1
In the E-plane $ao* and (5-73) reduces to
Eal$=o") = B61) £66, ¢=09) = Ely.cos(Bs-a0)]
> Bes cos (sine)
Eglpao")=0
In the H-plane $=90° and (573) reduces to
Ede 0
Eglg=t0’) Ecos ci) feae
2, cos o[ 0B si0® ¢y)
sing,
i in8)
= zcos 6 SAGE sind)
Fac) Wine
In the $=90° plane the electric field
lies in the $=" plane 3 thet 's Bo, is
nonzero and Ey=O. this gives “eer
golacization,
SBE GeeesDesngonse Bailey TERE Tsai 002)
iawWetozem Ex 0/SHEm Era2ss
Le Vek wz p02
Ls 08 gs A> Cag Ota
fo, 6
£22 = resonan:
= 55 fai 7 LE1GHe € i
(gfe 3O*
= len
272
Bem eeaess 2)
72 GHe FS = B08sem
From cere) ee
Le ota Be 0.49 BE = 186em
The ingut impedance it edge-fed tollous
“from (5-25) 08
ét py Sah
905 ()= 10 FB 32
This 1s reduced when offset fed as
explemed on p.21% leading Boe
Bq (axp=0) =
Zap) 0
cos? (ke) = P82 Lp ong
Me Z,(oxy=0) 2?
So
1.86,
yas,
8 250)
ope Ecos NORTE
[see Abboud et of, TEE Pe AH, oet. 66]
131CHAPTER 6
Leen
ne tn Eleere]_, smmfgr C-osel]
Gcnesty ° © Greraasd)
At 08 z0/* far'tee>
Hf Flq=70")= 0.77208
aut at O= 20:
fad at Gn20.3° 2
thus pattern (& matment at B= 20/2
B12 Traveling-asve fg wire
en)
Ftes202*) = 027296
1 ar
2 ar
= Be
& faze
owas
Sa te-9) and )
Fn ane ie ce val terncorel]
Bend Ger Tak 0 Bay
Using «/-29)
ep, Sikattsmedbup
132
nities 19 =e Byte
Let r= Bircore) then dre Ghenede and
cosh ZP sinha ees a HnZtia Sy Sipe
then wen OT Baa
4g) ene at
“ia ver] al
= asl legtan fe vhs
fin st de - Soeaanerg ashore
= Gap \Sinl2QL)~ Bh (qh SAENZ asng ce)
ee 2g) -Cilegtlat + SEAL] geing Cv
= gly loen2 ineg-Giegynt AREY eng 0)
Enh aera
5 lommnanorink -Come2Qit]
Dae L Te samedi 12 ELD
= 2052 [2004 eink -Cczqye AE]
pared,
lel ale J) &
soo 8-ctai) 8009 Be
Esia Gm sin [eco e Sm Posh
TE CatI 6"3
2.85} sint[ er csbm)]
y coe Se
ce
133bt-4 con't) oe
Femi €) eo10q= 93! 9 Beaita)e 0371
and 510 [ SincosOu)] = $10 (0.37in) = 0.919
sing Pe Seom Pb. 61-3
2 Yale’ cot "Ldcos-ltr- $2] (0,014)"
= het we
De Ea [zone n ke Glee e BE] yg noe
orn no
an cored cor SID sepusred
Wore in -CGilageyy aE
BG
Ow od
2 590
5 im
ree
20 3-40
bios
(> sing, Fe Srom Prob, 5/- 3
Ree EF a cofz sos ln $-Cileqty + Ogee
© nee
Z 168 ohms
F 73
0 264.6
20 500.2
The program WAvEAWr was used
1S fake Tae paren,
Ia
om ARIE ci
eit
The current TyQ)= Im ePPO® in (4) gives
fan Tn [Ben COriCe HOE,
he Fem Cth ial eae
sinh (45 EGf-cos8),
Fee=K sine Sante |
Ej FG
1356.1-Teome)
) for a= 0 and pol ts reduces to
sinh BG ~cos8) snl Epcos)
EE wane nl oat
Fie)= K sino
which 1s ane).
© dsing “WAVEANT
one
Le
er peibtteoh) ilk
Horriarey
aux, eifena6) sont Gerrese)
Bat 6-0-4 and Ge erd Peirce)
Se eietcce ay sinf Biter]
and similarly for leg #2 oo econ
fy, 2 or, eofervastony sinl Pevessere)]
ns Bei eaTeay
136
61-8 con
“Then the complete radiation gallera is
Fo) = Kyle) A)
where 7
See i C1460818°9) spp ay aL Precos0-00)
Cos costo)
nf eracoscors]
. Ce raster)
The mines sign an FE arises because of the oppes/te
directed Coerent an top #2 samt
©) See Fige-t and program VEE in Probib.l 2,
prey
Fe phase reference
ohcs foreach ade
“The tna! paforn of the
thet anaes ofthe
na tne Gree geteroat gt exch ten waighted in
Wey Bar ere Pie She ay SE
Fite TREADS CFE oT ihe ob SE
Rte) K, LA @)-Re@rse9tF c0)-e9P Re)
Ste
ae rsa) rneitlsotns
cee Fig, OS For the plots
The pire VEE wastoed genarale vee rhb
ltans YER agsned generate vee rhb
guepaeltterrcaors),
inter)
flees
Fe
f hachibiitdd abi a dd
E csttcon ove teccneetencte
ret ees
oo ERewsri
i laa
ia
Bi
> EAR mre nen
From 4)
Le
uci
Po-e
Sand gant
0379 _ aaa
138
iia)
6.2
For the normal mode helix
Re= 640K) (620)
Fie the stort monogele:
Ravn sex (2) (ee)
‘valuatin
Ful 3 Re
Tonogele NWA
My 295(SN* _ eHoChiny>
O01 0.0¢ SL 0.064 2
o0F 2.49 16
0.08 253 #4
ol 295 ot
Thus, the NMHA provides tre desired higher
Re for the Same herghe,
é.
N=6 haZem fa esoMHe > N= 35m
i = 0057 = electrically shoré
From (6-20) for a NMHA
%= 640 F)*= 640 (a057)
206
1396.203
26 em @ NT EHe
h= 7e7em , Wh=447 — d=U7?
D=Ketem, IK = 0.275
Camda iszem f=a8sr
Sa spacma = Ctam d= 15:2 fon 7s 3./Sem.
Azar
mee
N= Ms = Bie
Freon (6-34) — ,
Dedircctivdy 262 (SING) a62laaulbrtamy)
220.1 = (246
From (6-33) | e
wee fe. AS _ sage
E (my * oaeelimamny
Fram (6-35)
jagjs 2Nt_ sh
2N 50
Ref: Commumicactinns Dairgaeas Digest, Tor, (970,
2
HPs 39° dnizs*
4) 20,632 m @ YISMNE
= | ot this conter treg,where HP= 39°
Selving, 66-33) for IN,
ws ete)
2-H Counte)
and
Az Aran de C) tancasl=o2225 5.
anh: bly _ 278
RaN% 5 $0 Naha 278 @ 2.5 turns
@)
From (6-34)
12 (Pw 26.2 1500200) 2122
2242 0.1m
oF
Be tne los frequency end of the band,wiih (62),
CHF) = $0 $= $0632) = 087m
= f= 3weh 2356 MHe
Dae
E2 $2 Mar FE~Pusryearrym
a 3x
fas oo 26h = esa Mie
ce)
From (6-36) —
y= Wo Jl
at design feg. A=
ae Aw62-4 coon't)
sage elt
Ba = silty = ascee
ue est
vex po
SINE’ ilnsaue
Ke ae
4 gaa = oe
ee eet
= 24°
4 Vinstozesy
heliBem D=,
3.Zem (racatedeleras)
D = (23.2)= 72.9 em
we.
R= Goa 1270
fat Satan t 8
WF
© gronez (Sug
@svomte rzim Gx 62 (2 WY
@520MHe »:
G26 2G e out
13.1 48
142
526 Helix with
€2018m gaeeat Feseceoie
Called
B20
a= mearared
62-7
Fined, S~€tand =I ton [2° = 0.2/3
From (6-2),
4,=-las4276§)
Witte
14362-7 (eowr)
8-0 5 cere
“Elle olefin ela
0) pa 6S
The relix 1s a traveling wave andenna and
the loop is a resonané antenna, Thus, the
carcone prase ona Iardia, helix shifés 90°
for each quarter turn, forming quadrature
phase, sea tially ortheg onal components
necessary for CP, The sides of the sguare
Joop containmg the feed and the parallel Side
Gre of constant phase, creating LP.
ee
Tafinite beonical antenna, impedance
ho te Fan ce?)
Egeudintet @) Bn 20 I0C&,
846-3 150 ohms
fone ioe
we 99 Gabe sotims bon
a5
3-2
Hy=
(6-3)
S 28/6 ||) = 20 ae) ae
P afar =f ferns
4,
r
Gee Sei et
De Bq bw (ot &)
o®
ss
Soar
a6.51
From (6-55),
BOVIS? _ 35,4757 payee
2 Foetal 730425 FF
Fem cones eee
Fen ee
e)= “Enrsé we note that Ho=— Et
Y= = 2 Paynbing veekorin & direction:
a (Remsil lazeus) Teri 6h yng wee
G ‘ Ib Px AH ep exHzél=-LEgHy
ne = o7+ing 1 “Lint
‘ % = EE CH) = 2h lel
COMPARES WELL Te MoM case uaTmu! = SE al sinte
Zan = E741 43-4) Tor ele
Rodiates powers
pa {Is 2 sine dodge
a (ese) Sia? 5 inde
Fypioae ="
= panther erg
The dual of C168) is st
Gn sit = 2% = SS er woe
pont T= Sharia
aie |
Reh = Ce = Fear ™
146
1476.52 ceomit)
colreloarciemerien fartenat eters
Teal dipolepcohich has
Resin <2 em (S2)* omy
Se ,
by (8, 2% (02)
2b RT: ge (S
Cy which is (6-58)
Re, diple * Re lee
A frequency independent antenna radiates
from its active region, That is, the
current self scales so the tne effective
extent of the radiating current Cactive
cejim) is L-Ta otner words, L= diame.
ter of active region 0c. Thus,
HPaKA ce and re radependent of
frequency.
148
GEL grant spiral over 459 0 1004
eng @ anouzl
for one spiral edge
minioao radius
tin FiBee):
Masimenn vais
Ba nt80" = one-hatt turn on spiral
S21 Set-cmplementany lypecobic tethed planer antenna
760 Goo Ms te 2 EHy a 0.81
To $56 THe teiaraninin QErecin APY Ty sae Ris bat de.
From 6-7) ae 2 iE
For self-conplementary (eto in Fy OB
Mt lowest dreguency largest theth should be 4 long 20
de 24
At highest frequcnsy sheréest beth should be aboel 32
and dan Bebe 21m
Fram (oe62) and (6-6)
Ray Re =O81 Ry Anz R= 292,
Ra __@
6e 7948
way zie
ae 35
eae Fae
ae bas
Bu ES
Ry _aa_
Gitsin 4287 on
Beet 34.81
2838 hee
pss is8
Sa
SBoea[>
467-1 ceon'e) 6
fn Rn _ an ae
Be ae
iz “Eo H25 ip
3 38) 343 ie
(Gee Sule «itl E92 fr mestarements om
simiar unt) 7
672 (rok testortn— oansds
The longest element is
Le Sem ao
cEovin einem
ee ee
ter length end ne spacings flow bam Ce adirn)
tue tlysatale dentein=2tebincantce
for cape
fo me!
$08) 20.76
S15 63164, = 0.51661 785) 20 564m
Tabulating bg f
T Tuite Gee
WS BEE
a tHE BE
Sites Oe
6 bues 912%
7 one
We stop at 7 elements since Ly 20.748 mc 0.2m
6.73 LPDA of Example 6-3,
20917 eee ky
A bneMps daeZela in
2 BGP Bak
3 Se ae
2 BR 8
150
6.7-3 ceon't)
do
3 Osea atm ik Onas
10 2.388" Bg” is Baas
BSE Bye otos
iz 2.253 Some 17 Sle
13 0.865 G0 | fe o.172
62-4 LPOA
From Fig. 6-H for optimom design
F097 eae?
The UME bane spans 420 “fe #10 MMe
Leaving one extra Jong element, the
Las Beh 28 Oy costm)
319
o069
Sees
‘The next to shortest Cewving room for ene extra element)
should be af least (ae thar ae
£537m) =169emKy = 0.7m
He = heron =
152
235m
CHAPTER 7
Dist eirad consider an idea! dipole j
Promina) cite t
feign ah,
sing ©) sor fit
sia p55 8-6 sind) ,
The Sernem electri Feld rom Cos) i
Foie A bje AGesou see nes
Now; change coordinates so T=1%
Th ae,
i
‘af [%e
BE no cospubceBesh Gat
se hen) tome)
Ba Aaayo Mob ~ jpn FE Ccosbcosp 8 sa
whch shas that changing coordinates idraces an Be
DLE In age tenet Pas) nay
vereg
OS By Ay and By PB exe mation
“Patet [Reet as!
ee which ts (7-9).
Fp js A cay
cette Rag? and & by A
Then 9,
Beenye heh is C6)
153ne ee
1 ek AE dato en
é. aettys £050 (G20 -6,c05H)+$ (@jcos4 +4, 4108)
sere [Bent anf Geowd)PlG.05 $5 sing xP
=A Jo |ncose(o,sinf-G cong}r wep (cess +8 inp]
~ Fe Gy cos» Gysing)-wep cose(Rsing-Bcasg) ]
Bet megeeniBason eb gne Soe tiP gt
7 ir * [econ oF sinp +7 coset cosp-@, sind]
1736 Gat ems (9 cos p-fin 4-706, sing equ)
aneh is C24).
Ld Fyn (78 5 ayo E8-y0 BP
The maynetic potential is that. of (28),
F 28 [acon oh sing Fy cosp)rbleos rg sinfl]
Sagttacing Pris into (7-8) gues
Ht cos BCR sing — By cos $))
(R cosp ePysint)
ase gt Bens orn PH cosd) PRheosp eRe]
Now Barix® , wowith B=28_ from (mI0:
Bejwey SEF easels sing 4 osf)oB(0g cos fo)
ae" =, 50
(co pnd) 3g =y8 Soe be
10 = na. s26/eassre = Stn]
a )
&
(Bmore) (ams)=063see, +
ee, fe. a(S sess
“Wet” Fete Nle HB the ~ HB, Hp,
r3-10
a es in a eer ne nt is A oe
Seti mater ee ein nea
sc tcnngs Tacha “
‘Poin fey ae art mnt ibe chin ese
"indie wh any stele 2 ain,
166
BBL s.oasens, .
215518, G10 aba, Ry edi AN TA
rm (1)
aR = Gem 3548. OF;
ede = Se? BES - 2815)
Fe gx $4 = 26000 0 52) =
09 Frm enna FARE * oxen) "221 * 15148]
(54 rae! 12-04 barn)
TScz $26,560 ,A=30k
Ga 22148, 2762.1
OnE Es Gur ea 5
ea de Ry” Se a= OATH]
©) 5 24.000. 24.000 Ez)
© FB He” G23)
sh model 88 bn)
SIIB. bo 366m, F2460 MMe, he Snlto = 6622
viewed” 622848 Hes Hees"
From O90 gnsay fs48(Bfex) = 17.015 = 22528)
Frm A) Gz 260 26000. ai
OO 6 eit” Gaye = Met = EEL)
Chnnter-Mark model P4468)
[Sule fo2nse cnn = Dolencs = L05em CConsTAR mete)
SS prien 1 posenllasen(ip)= 7247 = 44.6544
686 5 62 SLOP «26000 — - ygp03.507
ie Genoa "8M
© 0.8085
(measured spre 4548)
167131s
SSutatitoting the separable dsr’ bution
Bad Fascn) Eaaly!) (7-72)
inte (7-76) gives .
o- 4 Ua" eacelbel~ U7 Eancridy'l
TP encwrde! | PB Sey hdy!
2 [reqceel* Ubteerayt®
EGGX! ® Teeny!
D=TD Dy cree)
were Prob, A2-// was used.
etaeting with (7-72) with eet ond Ke=Laby,
D= Eng Da = bap SE bx by =v Eke be SL Ay
Eusting te the result fn Ca), .
LLP Eee | oie Weeds!
“he [teas caydet 00 by Tressel
Asiag (7-66) and 67-67) fn (7-80,
Xf [fStealas'*
Da Ae OF Tiealas"
where [Esl wasused te form an omplefude
only distri bation
seo, Uiyteaas]™
Ae Syleras”
168
2
x
ae
73-16
Foc the uniform agerture dis tribution
pa e dis tribution in the
Hfe=ae6e% cry
Ta the Heplane’
HR, = La (#28)
Using these and (7-71) in the debiaition of 08,
DB=D-HPy. HPs
prea) && 119d 0.866% =10.73 (&,
Walf angle subtended
by carts from G50:
e
"26.000. 49,
cape Hast
T-# Inkl *
pea oysine ded a2rf'e? "AOL
sino © can be used since beom js warrow
bet urate Ind Gp)” Zadu=8 (n2 pe 649
16473-18 ceon't)
Then + 2B) ay
- arn
Fazer), Fine he
we Pre 2
Hg ohare limit wns
Find L ee inded "te 0
Se nce HPs
acne =
ind
16 In2g0i"_ 36407
= pe me = Fe
~sinode
Then 1,
a= 2r Sut eau) =anfa Edu
"ute ae
em Fei 2gri
So. ar tr
DF Dn
a
oS Dicectivity CD)
fact: "32383 +4253
28) am EE 99)
1 70° 6 + ‘sl
S22 2 pe 282
1 30 2 en 8
$0 BS 202 178-2 22720
170
“Ryn Ra
ak,
Passleeoe
soba
a
Spy aR), and Re ITEP oo
Ment “s
B= ANTE =0- BAER = 0S cribs
TB, The gene contrition of 10M 1
& SS mee 6S
: a (Kate AO,
watt iba fea’)
2°
Competing the spares inthe exprent,
ans fete Fre [ cade Fre I,
webs eit BE el,
let af
Es" Sh be by or se De Bega]
Fee Sle fee Fil or 2 Hee]
IT14-2 ceon't)
Then let Cubic is rion)
; ie Ree 5] stm (rem [SA Rex- SE)
tort Agu] 5 fee Ree]
And using da'n/BE av,
Bop felond Me ESB ae
notion rf Ps a
HEME Poe og sin E2")) 8]
HEB fet aur B ear g 5001) Ces +S.
eb Cu RY feces) -3 See) -! ceeneysce?
ond
SE [RR T 1s (7101) and (7-108)
23
Deon (Ted a PERE $m eu 2]
Ba BE za 2h, 48
Vin, £# AEB eu 28] aye Ls fu iy
where 20 fan, es 24 ee)
Si> AEE Id E (fen 8 corp) $2]
For foot
Signo 2 E/-£2 (Peine)—E] <8, 4500 C2418)
172
voile BIN con Ee) pene Dil
14-3 ceon't)
the phase term in (TACB)
Aarne coop oFy ag gh 224 Creat cong em)
= AB (B ond coped a Fu(hemecons ep)
and this Sor goo" is
EE(Gsno+d)* which is the phase berm in im.
tet
The inéegrelf Buds" can be found from the Furr
deansform of B with @=0 and dao in M1)
Teste § FEE [re-0¢-of
“sp reiase 22% “oie Say sing 2 fpi0s
= elo Sacceaest) de setae 287 oa
5, Don RE le ora J, =
Mow with wed sn (740%)
Lie [PRs elem LPR; fom gemy
Then from C108,
£0-0920) = FEA) [ce pr-gSep-Ce-py+jS CA)
+Cep-95e09 -C (2) +5Sc¢21)
speal*=[Cep)-J5eM)-ConnrsSeH Cen aS) Cease
41-Ci9d +CennralSener-Seill" since Cone-Cid + Sed-Si9
173T#- ceon't)
Entrodueing (7-66),
ergae
1 op ERE seen cation
ze Ee
a ee
on &e ebm
Oy = BE eceh mb Crzoa)
“Fret ith
(71208) +07-1206)
Fee 8B Be] zal rat)
ue eae a (-104)
bs
17
etch 1 vgn the phase eran 1g ero
sions [eg tae
f Niro Bete
_ ead eat teot ei Ereat eo
“See eat
pelt gett _camt_ cated
ett ?
cos (Ag cos (2AM) -Frqu-Z.
= Fae se ) costny Treen Ee
~ Beco"
Bu)
oss -otesge§ ohh
2.8104 4008 48 locates
nm 1747 48
eae
Sample calsulation
Fes
Fram fb 14H! 1E@sotboo0] 2 Lecen-censl HS]
Re
Ere IeMTREAD =e gazed
(FOIE TOHT = CA TOIT.
The@lT1= 0.9872 AB
1152 Riu" ae
ear
a 2-Teess
a gatteen can also be 023ly found by direc
Tlambeveal on tegen fiom:
Sons sus
The gattern values Foam Fg PHldaith Bote are
2: fen
zo, Ott 53
Be Sys 20
Se Line ieee
Be Lae eS
iS) oe
50 ign 9
Notes 0.1168 has
been added to
(00 Prob. 24-6
gelation.)
ee
oad
es
Patterns)
176
11774-1008)
(e) Fired, using (71204) and 67-1206),
eset linge = ei lis
pane Eh gd] = 20velie) =o
Cepjees2? Sep)207138 ccelzo scelz0
ee = AB J leeon cera F+l5e0-SepuFh
4798
=z
C8
Then, from (71208)
20,= F(E ef = Pers 09730)
235,
ite: s29-o)4fa.n38-0)¥F:
From ig. 2-14 for Rash and Mp
©
‘Bam (7-72)
On = 2 BY > R0y= BB e Basar az
cahich is a goed apereximation 42217 for
cs mall aperture.
28
(© wane weveuide has
espe ya
De /0 niet
$0, = 3; ati= 484
4 beasa Lolbem
for G2 1215.48
From Fig. TI the optimem occurs for
Aye 12 end A= 6
This is consistent with (I-81)
MTT oe Gis oe 5 tok
178
14-8 ceonit)
Hence
Che 68 Them) dae tert ABM tant =i8]
(eno 232 deer
Seale
o
(© As a chet, evaluate (7-120):
ann ave Lt lt Ae) =2sar7F [tle gla gra] =k 081s
eI) 203467 Seq)= Scents
cpa) == CUB0168) =-07913. See) = S08
fh = gps {cP = Cena) CSepa-Sepai]'S
Ce ffanesmann} earrvensrs) T2007
le, ¥07= 12.0508
Le heh = $2 8 ezea7)=
BB Ret = 2g araar)
For eetimum operation t=3(6 and from tha
Et
Solution fo Prob. 74-80! Eby = 0.7927
00
in (71804) gives
Then Oe) 9S aH
sing C2
2d om
Ra gn ge = 2h
114
0ALD Subottoting e129 nto C86)
9-8 [eos este (Mihi ity,
Oe ty
From (4-25) 4
B= 2 £2 (Sa)
re i aay the 1d A
Contin te page the second ite
de nett ih Nyy, ee a "e Ay
where
Erte $i G hue) or ye) —— Ir
ont
s = pie B-Br) nV -ee) ew
8 PE ON Cogs en -Crde SC]
Nog frm eo with Q_2-B/y as in (720),
rae S26 (5 snd « v pees Lane)
tA CcosB 2 cosh 177 cons
e
tr cosedlbung o beasd]
Contain tase athe Fr Feary
BENE & ILO 6 cng Beast) “GEE
= con $205
Fp Beas [Cow jSca)-Cen) e950] 59 fishes
Zn the E-plane $290" and yosine sing =5in8
Then using 1296)
Z-48-8
View CEE Bena)
#)
Te idaw = ECS Ryne
fod sing Bip og Qh From CH),
= ECE FAE a00) = 2 Lid EG onelleniaty
\eo
2-11 ceow'td
siniry tanger) = eve [$4 Gong] -n26)
The E-plone gatten Solus feom Cri2ta) with goto"
tle HE! S005) Cons)" +L Sera) ~Senp]'f 819 maguitele
toe and (e208 and thon the prevats
equation redvtes 2
Of tctaw)+4 Semy#*
which is the pattern masimonr sing this to armel
Ueca|= WQ82 § Cece ceonT +L 8erp-SeonT* 2%
Pe emsemy Sm)
TEE the phase ercor parameters Sor optimum E- and
‘pen sited oint ard dierent tease
1 omeldode dntetusion are Heron fe ae
gach let he le Ene am ie
Secreates Cea e On8 eS Le ee
te redvetion Frain ampldede costes.
BEB wang: aa eessem brseem — F900 642 Azken
Mp Gmina 8 ’
Fon C09 Hn se > Be f= Ho 49)
* Beta = 49/(3)= 14.73 cm
fod 2. 2288 ree
Dp G20! 2 309
Thee 9
Shp s09= s05e
Also
lal7t-13¢con't)
From Fig TIT with $o,=4055 and eaves
Rega i2 or Kram (1488) B= 4B)
Finally com (125)
Be NEF VCE =
since Ra= [20> 1203) 36 cm
(73-1010) (EB
iiFBee]
It (£-plane sectoral horn of Tull #Allen (el)
80am bes Saee aoa
rag emir
mich kts” art nue
From (7-126)
Ry whe
rom (a8
(RESTA = 42281 LATE
o
Optima pyramidal horn results yield
Sane 2 yearns Ees050
es t107
210.107
= 16007 (0.869) 2 159
wat
anea = 76
ao24-29 ccon't)
Ae a check
PNB GF anus S(t
3507 6% merase
28S 14% derease
From 4
Ree
®
rom Fig Toit with Bab sand Sate
From Fg 717 with BAe end B17
= Havers)
22745]
(OANA 12545 ye Eo MA Taaa)
196
Assume a pling wase behawor of the aperture Fills:
Anke, hap
Then-see GH and (Pt)
Peete BPR e000
Thos the elects and magnetic current formulation of
(F265 rasuces be
SLR cospopeos8 Booed $[-f,cosBsinp -afentle
it
ee
au
[4 cosh -$ 2-6) Crvcosa) 8
152
The unifarm circuler aperture pattern is
form TAGE asp
Fe cot xP
Ze weeny 2
Returning only the first term (since xsc\ Soe Bsn)
For net aye OAL for wee}
ane
lim, 25cgasin®) > gagind
zHigisn®) "7 gaya _
153
From (8)
Sun= 2 fe ee-edfr-(EITS rt Toigr'sine) det
Let worl end bapasind
Then aalfercnol-n Pox kindadx
nat fe Talbod +2)" Sol) da
197TS-3 (con't)
ling Cone) ukalde = 45) we we tet
Sxdnde= Penge
= brane = bbso] = Se
ao Zoo!
Lowy" tdr = 252! Suu(0) from cr-r9
where y=be
So
San = Zot fc GD + (10) 2A! I$
sratfe 2a(qsine) Le 2° cei)! Says CQasing),
erne Teese
ara [¢ Feonee) + EE £¢6,9)] using, (7-10)
But
Sum (90) San may = 704 [e+ £S]
Thus
Fence $e = CFOno) + KS flan)
Using (7-66) and (7-81),
of Uist 4s east aye
e Sfreal ds’ Ae 3”
E.= Cr 0-2) Lim er
SER levered drat
198
75-#ep.a)
dsanfcfirde scr oft- CT rdeF
Let w= /-(EF ewe Bede
Seanfc$ 0-0 gy Sur det
=n ant)0) =e
_ an Ee 0-0 $a)? ) = at Ler Eo]
de Perea) P reed
v4 C+ O-ur" CS )du
ara [fctezccreutecnot ung da
amat§c*f'dur2cli- “of urdu ro-o'fulaug
erratlcts2cCinc) 2 | + Cn re)
qrat [ct 42c EE
’
shad mi
eat WL Sat fer.
Fe De * Rah nae ET, EO
= which is
Oe“ ers
Zari 0
co)
For n=l C=0,3/62 (1048)
= fe+esy fare
COTS
199
6s Sap
FLD,4 Granea)®
$F amangoane
for ne2_C=0.5/62
2 Lego) gOn2e)*
FCO CECE
=1ée ee, 2089
OREO LOS cage
1-5
Ga) For only amelitude tapers
ons
ORY
Chee fe vat
=e hp = ee Eat
Te, (238)*
From (7-86) and (7-8?)
Dera Dy acs Be, Won ee eh
ince lpch, 2a
Equating results for D gives COG =€: For
o- ar
z
o,
=onPt=met(2B) (Ka) am ct ta
Teg THK using results from Ca)
Te k* C182)" in degrees™
Evaluating or all entoes in Table 7-Ib for
C<-8d8 gives values of DB. From 36,285 -0
Gaaeg with most near 34000 deat
200
Baie
From (2-182)
(Y= ECE a) = FFE HF a, = HEE YF, cos ty
using (7-183)
ry 080 2 2F-
+
So
Ce HPL YE(ZE- 1p) = PRE ry
Solving for eh,
ge Pee) 1999)
FF
Tangeetal
“caead
“The dosbling of tne nermalcamponorte ot fhe
Tetintor turfs andcancelhug of tha
Jeosen tied components leads fo Ie fellowing
Mepieision forthe otal Belden
Bateeaeia | Bsh
201The Wa, spreading 108s foctor using C-ta) is
Sey el
alee T= ala]
rE I+Ged
Teo
Qt the edge of the reflecke where @'=a=%,
La Lire (BI) due only te serenciag
cc
lo Lorag(BP)"
Boe yna snl
SLES go
iS
S
|
paste =/629m
o.it24m @ 2/6He
Using (7-97),
(Bases R)= 93 (see,
sae SE Ap =
Cwanutecturer (Andreus] quotes 29.548)
Zo2
=
02678 m @ULEHE —D=I2FE = 5.6m
sing (7-42),
ra RY <5 (S6era)
del u0A-12-107) guctes #2Ed8)
Gap ay
104313
(manatactucec£5-
26%
FRAC (see Appendix) was cun for a feed taper of
IndO at $26. PAC returned §=2.3735, which also
follows from (7-246):
log CGN) gla). zane
© Teg 258) ~ Jag eos 9)
POAC output 1s a2 the end of this solahon,
Taoulating results:
PeAC.
gezamas Measured
Guant ty
WP ase ase eas
suk Q5d& 2748 24.548
e SOISH& — 50.7tdB
ene ony an
was found Loom garm using
(rasan
Aperture eFfrcienas
ap = lo, where Dus He Ap
Foe B76. ap © SME 20777
sas
For PRAC egy = BEY
aaa6 -6teon't)
Th
bat Hy
Zot
26-7
FaiaS ele (AEZSlem) DeZHm
F/0=0.37
COFOE Baz tan (gm 66% (710rb}
From (7-233) far EL =—lId8(c=0.26))
£22020 = (8 e080, = 2.687 cosh
Wg = 2928/0687) 0,390
Yog (203 68°) =aveey
The feed dager is
cos W466 20, 4o7t =~ 28048
Mext we compare the aperture distribution
“fo the parabolic -on-a-pedes tal canonical tem,
2.4146We sea tna a parobolve spuared on a -1168
pedestal aggro Mates me aChuak ap, aatriovten
Ten Table 7-1 cam be used te Gnd performance:
= 628 973207"
“2048
/cos 78620998 and &, = €6 = 4897
Ga eng SE Ae = ag (OP) = anor TE)
ameeds
G6) PARC was run with the input +
78-7.¢0.3)
PRAC psttern and gains
(COPOL Gain: 9 dB = 48.76 ABi (Gaia Line)
3POL = 118.75 4B (Dotted Line) © 1005
3
Stop a 0 tse
Tabulating results
canoeie
Parawalic squared PRC
Quantity, (aseliestak ($2096)
HP a7 2.6%e
stk 28 dB -25.3d8
e feesd8 — r8.75 de
Ayccemest is very good.
2076-8 PRAC results:
64> 1.057 10d erp
oat Imiiteor yt,
ar soe #90" (norma he fet plan)
Ee me [arpa snot]
fom ae | aman [os
9 |stnas ae
lems ales
lentes [mee |76-4 ceon'e)
Tatuleling, PAC result
° $=70°
é sav7es a¢e7aa
ne ae ee
SLlocation 850° sees
fue ane de anvede
xeon vas “ihe
The above is for Inear poleriza ton, but
esults ane
circular polarieatien Is used.
similar rough.
BE aay
Bom (7-223, .
coe aig eT aeeredpdel® 1a
a Pel lecietede'ay 73,
ing (7-190) ge
216 value il
Fe tate
Pe a
=fT Su ae dpa
Convert +e integration over &
Ca2F tan crsge) dp'aqgde, (749%)
526% LT ece4) tan ded!
And agra mg ,
B= [Pe ReGen ae do! any oy
210
76-10(en't)
Converé the e!ategral 4 one over &:
ese Sia (Hie) de'eg dey (7198)
gee [Peel
meW dL ERE snd Ge a9
Peet sng deede!
se
sere oe @ aap!”
ee ff IEE eon tan S der de!)
Fie aenl* sade"
whieh “is ¢7-08),
mattiebing by (7225) .
eee FEL toll tan
Tat or PT IeCa, a) snd G.do
Ge et FE Lape .
aa wat ee eB) = (4 eed)
nee
sing this and 7227) sees
an
een ieett Gp LE Seq ertend gaol
witueh 5 (7228),
zitFEA
wn (7.228) in (7-225,
= 2alf cos? 5/0 GdGl"
FH [i cesMarandeaa, HES T
2
[e038
8,
Preos 44, 5m ty day = oar
= eos 2874
@
Using (7-220),
Go i casita, sing, dep
net
ee From (7-229)
Fray ot Pew Fling ae E
de fe "Pion dengea- -2f" sind ag
16-(2Ceowt)
Soge2e 1
Ge OB Sant cath og =
=_* oe
ae
Now, using (7-226),
areas atone tlio “ft ert 08
= cotta ts ive a as a ea
SCot*PtantS = 4 = 100% efficient
oats,
ifit an isotrpie pattern Gla)=| and
‘assuming of and ere wind, Vines
teduces bo" OS eee
cop Ge cot] SttanSae]® Ae
4 oS tan d 204] acct Sl 2 nlsg
Fal EL 2 In cshe2nty] eB et Infos 2]
Baden lias (185+)
FB eqp=l2et BhnGosBi)*
We 10°, 0.88
ar si? ole
1 28/2 208 yx
ow)a
degree in (7-226),
Gy cot 2.
me
32 [cose fon Ba, =f Cz cor Son dq
= [Leon cotton Bt rton Pt] dG
= FeoPazina eds ~ff ‘sin Oy dQ
+f tandZdd t= Mp
=ol- gift, [nes] af- Inceossif®
-2eos "B42 +2 05 Q-2-2In(cos $) 42 Indi}
alncost Se zcostS nCeos 2) ]
= 2[-Ceos* $1) -In(eos #)
Hence
= Hey cott& Ps, ey"
= Hey CoS Loin Sey n(cos ®)]
From (1-231)
G2 20211) =2@2241) =/0
So
ec 40 cob *& [sin ¥ B+ InCeos SI"
which (s (7232) for gee
Zi
Ce SE
ann! 6409 p90
Fase ~ 8:7
For -348 beam at the Barth “edge”
24 21249 = 0.30%7
For typical reflector pertormence of nzz
and E2128 ju Table 7,
weei24 or p= 42
Using this in 257) and £ap20.55,
o=06s rE anes 2/s)*
g20
= 224, we in radians) Motte Legueres
BEE we rrntnel Mii fe
a4
= 2/00 =
Buri
ode
Egn (7-223) (s selved for @ when the edge
Someration 1s EL=-Ndg 2028:
56 =C/t cos &) cos FA,
Bing et5 536
hen B/D is found From (7-188
The ~1048 beamwibth is found by selving
ve cees Bias “nt
ue cos Sa cos go 288)
2 BrLo4
as26-16 Ceow't)
Spillever efficiency is found from (7-250) as
e,= I-cos BN Ge
Taper efficiency is found radirect ly using 62%
BEE Ela =66 4D cot*B.24[5in* By taceos By)
bey .
cot 2 Hofsint Bs InCeos 9]
0.826, . ae
nH. 29) cat B.4[ SE OSE abif
Mote: ec ¥0.82 in all these cases
Using the above seguence of cakuletions 9ives
ne “ellgwing, values.
rz ees,
Fp =
B. Vatantie 26 BWasg Es €: Giles
10.382 132.8% T432° 0436 B827 Gaed
2 o49s /022 UUL6 O826 280 A896
Bases «We AK aR2¥O8I7 OFBF
et
Tising &e=089 [from velaCh256) or Fok 2616]
in ab36)
ok at
Able Eye Li- ay A]
Geol 0.998
3.01 0.9%
gon 2.956
Be O89)
our 0.788
zie
26-18
Feom below (7-236) 0r Prob. 2846 & 20.89
and A iy ye 2.
Be. meg) @revt-a0
Ae way
Using cz236)
ee :
€surll- 2 Be) =li-dgq a0] ‘= 0.978
ao
Axisymaetric cetlector with /oP0¥,63
From (7449),
a ealescie stag NL.. nylons idyll
Tey Fost) 1 fog ens i
The feed pattern FiGy)= cost, can be Selved tor
Various bearraid th values:
w= 2 c08 HF exit]
Hee zcos-I[carerhen] = apg?
Bibeaa = 2eoe conus onrty
dete
Se
Anaymmetric cetlector with Hy203, (es "O9-2 con't)
3
LOEB. tee gars cele with De Pn, fib=0fotty
Or Wingoae,
eee (by) = Ercan" 40,
=
Dy = 2.82043,865)
6 = Cap 0
ce) PRAC code results
From Example 7-9, G22 50
Bib ae = 2 cos [eo I6)"*] <1L6 Ogyg = FE"
which agrees exaciiy STF a).
218
TI
The apectuce field produced by an xy-polartecc
“Snore ciecye di file team Soeaody if
ES Ve TR ceos Oe costte 15107)
-$.c1-c05 8) sin He 05 $4]
Using the duality relations of (2-3s}and (2-36)
EgC=)-Ha” vetC=)Ie"
tn 7-206) ging
Tear ET 5 coos, costes 13:0")
ef (cos By) sin ¥e 0544]
The corresponding electric figid (s
sere mee .
Be aq Al x8 dt-s)=c*es)
In addition, el
Aw alc crr azar]! is symmetore
and —
gene te
@) Fest
thelr Solu fit) .
=H SLf0 eee “eLffebacen sim Bes ds]
M2 glt) cos ras ds [Zin smares ds
pL cos ores] 4 [I Peqtn snd ds}
42 iseta cos russ [i smtmwsds
eet
Sit yy t®H > odd phase
Een = te Typ? odd phere
8.12 ceen't)
The squared terms ace symmetric. cextnbu hess
‘The rors aces ree mast be zero to
Qrduce, in general, a symmettic petern. his
1s trad thang of the tallowing are sofiitied:
Soca atic =o
6) dec
ge
duin
ke constond
‘the first: four condibians render beth
cross terms ero, Condition e) implies the®
Eye) heres) cigs) = Kéeal)
and the two cross terms cancel.
Conditions a) and d) imply Huet
(acs) is symmatrie and $6) 16 6
BN Ela) eye 4G) = ECS?
4): C05) = ne 8) ee) = Ce 8)
50 esr =Vebcs) ets) | vs even
$07 = tan js even
Conditions Wyehyangad make AG) aaymmernie
nd $08) conidand :
BE and gon = 1%
Qi cO) Hes) and $O)= OF
a)! CG) = LeCSD 4K E68)
es) = tant SD a tate
Ta general; Cots) and guts) have both even andedd
forts and each are ten asymmetr'e,
es
ven, SmeeSy6wemey = Sew=0.6)
G68) = Jew ea
a aenscas)
This current és of unity amplitude and has
a linear pase fume dion:
gore -lers
and ec feads from sence toton!
Wen
Gator current ya fe Nah
From (8-6)
eterno $3 fase
naj sintrsze)
82-4
AtcE trnshem syythetis oa watr pate
een 2e SFGIED aye fe uw)
226
Becca) .
Senne [iene bs 2 fP ei A eS, anes 1
fps eurtene) a
the Gisd teom ss
Bo j2tcows (za
JP eas = sof feaseneme vn 05)
PO tae = £5iL be cem] wang He)
Simibrly far the second term
i Pea)
1 [se Larter) Sul dr (-com) ] which is. 6
0) See Fe er
JP tema
ete ay Zsinfmtwank)
Fl Eh roel
Sal rKwenni] which 1648)
‘ds
Ts
a [rena]
22782-6 ceont)8.2-7an't) ae
ait
Ae
aE
HE
HE
HE
HE
HE
— HB
, Hi
waste] mmc
a2 ;
OS ore met tans
SEA Soe iE.
Syme! inf lw
epvinoke_gromobe "
a 22 de Salrtmne)
ode
cece
Feme-t se amide, aeiteride git
dfeire tes of
ma Foes
azheSalramp$e] whch 2 C29.
23002) eaten
es
sen snare
sn dng Leg
0) tantra
0) rem stein
ane z messa tame entree
wef edit” mn
vem -
Sinead :
tbe imac i
ep ting) 08 an
tee Ser fae
cost a
ese
rhe pattern is
Very similar to
ah oF Beamle 5-3
a eaten
mee dali
an: Se mare
2308
I
Eat
HA
IFor a Whaduard-Laaen
tne
Using (8-20) for P odd
Gor Fiestas 1 F
stride Sem)
Using 2qzmd fran (B18) the som on m is
s2rmwwe)$ san Wewwnr$ 24 snmtacnay
Se Ae A 5 _ stent
pragine BS
Lt and
ve Pazwet
wreik® ft gilt
ewbot) oat
oA
4]
P sin]ten (ww 8]
From 32) foe P even ,
fore Sfametrhe ,, etenvde)
Bsitetyy (30)
ere otto
peitawte Fy, eh ses)
Znterchanging sums and abing
ey
Fone Zo Diet F
uuhich is (@-32),
23)
8.3-Bccon 8)
The sum on m is
“
eo” sme z
set Se S rs ot gt cteatr
as of nak
a
OF senfensem 8) ca
Bee Ea Paedeamengy eh? OP
Enis dD anond 04 gn in te Ba
HemeN 2g a2! Meme
22289 202 PA, ay FY Reet PAs cs dygt SO
5 agers 3b F ager
Bfarae™ Ps ge y
Fila» 2a, cos rdare- J
= jb [v2 cos (oan ) +2008 (04m 34)
42e0s(abe 2") +Z 2s (ate 3° )+ | cos Cn BY
Example + bx,
mm (Om=24A)= [142 cosCo2G) s2e0s(04)
+ 2e0sa6E) +2 c0s(08E) + leos EI]
motors whch 1s hand i Table ee23-0
Fo seine Line Segara gn
= Rae restte aoe
[a
Hie fs
Hee Ee
Eee fo
H fa fees
Hots Ge
Hel is
By Be
3
TAF) =
ee
fl
233
aaB.3-II Ceon't)
PH1t,d=265A, half-wave dipoles linear), WL, exe pavern
costo tne oc acgoe
rer eas Fea)
ii Feoi) Seen
° alsewhere
TE ima tm et a em nase
ar
8
1z (92)
cea
oon =)
sem
236as-izceant)
a ido =D,
8
atl ccon't)
am) ~2od8
+0. Dalgh-Chebyshev, -s048 S22
(Fong, Example BF
Rao MEO ig see
Noe cost gly cosh"'R ]=cosh [4 cosh"sc62]:
472
11736 70000 heh agers
Gaede ress? haias Son ep ae
By eRindiele Nhl S.ia47
0) Few (3:93)
257)
on (ZA) _ Camers2erecsn cease
*E gy * Gaadvares a
6 ,d=06A, Ooiob-Chebyshev, ~2548 SLL.
©) From CB-#3) ‘with N=3
804) = 2L e058 ¥ vencos 1¥'4 cass 2]
has 38 = cot Y— Sees
cos s$ = ecost$ -20c00 38 Stas Y
* feyy = 2S sjce0feislteestf seas eis ibea’P 20a P
“+ ses OF
SEY liar Sis) cosf rig 206 cor E rlbig cool
238Br-scean'e)
From (8-H) and (8-40)
TEOO= Ea TGON~N 0) = 2a 804. Babe!) “C42 39)
ae
Using x=Acos of (8-44) gives
Tri) = leak tos P20 x8 cos E tengcor
Equating cootficents
Sige lexd >
2,204)
ROMS Fa ie FHF Bot BE
SR ols san
sh 'R]= cosh] Lcosh'7782] = 1266
$c1266)"= 162607,
“Bad Sis 2 BCs 20arS 607)
(oo beta =fiize 3000078) 50aa= FO]
ch 10208604 2.50769:2.50783:196042
ee Ey
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Pa8 SLL = 208 (R=/0)
Fen ST tates RT) = cosh [plalion las
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eye yy be) = aas72
dope = SII~
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cosine) iD which vs
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The aeros of the Taylor line suurce are
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gets tows Bowisle orbodor sak
and 1s the highest “gatal Trego,
jeure PS Qomy Salelu-2el] which 1s (8-28)
oo a]
cosh" S, = mA? or A (Sme)"=
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was
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2.0978
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2510 15 ENR = 2a! F OED = cose
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243
su Bsaae
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The patterns ave very Similar except Wat the kirmoed
SL of thearray do not falloff rapdly.
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aifially he HE increases as A increases Z j222
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eal Sale) pene
a eae
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array are found in [6]
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gaze ipave aaa
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ao TIS sampled
noe a: ferences with tstroe’e elements
tae are Snced with aigole elements
247
20s
Matbemcedipores pareali
wena SAS
The pattern in the ye-plna ii md ablected by tne
wient pattern Since the element pattern te
omnidirectional. Thus, the simple ab toy th
aeereach can use isotrepic elements, | nS
MUMINEC was used for tue moment methed (im)
Forme carents im Be dose Bee feserent |
49K a= A00SK, 20 segments per aires
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a (gored eons, a eg Ce ales
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ie 2s
Simple Treaty
“the peak SLL Is 2068 for tne semplegrea
Meet ncterat and a8 for he Mioel ptere.
dite, he lor solution yields an ped ined
Bee Toe a conten elenten B05) of S15) HA.
once ee led Gils by Mo 1s BR}.
28