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Engineering Mechanics: Center of Gravity & Centroid

This lecture discusses center of gravity, centroid, and examples of determining their locations for different objects: - The center of gravity is the point where the total weight of an object is considered to act. The centroid is the geometric center of an object when its density is uniform. - Methods for finding the centroid include applying principles of moments or integrating over the object's dimensions. - Examples show finding the centroid of a circular arc, triangle, circular sector, various areas, and a volume. Centroids are located using integration of the object's dimensions weighted by properties like position, area, or volume of infinitesimal elements.

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Ian Ark E. Colarte
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2K views13 pages

Engineering Mechanics: Center of Gravity & Centroid

This lecture discusses center of gravity, centroid, and examples of determining their locations for different objects: - The center of gravity is the point where the total weight of an object is considered to act. The centroid is the geometric center of an object when its density is uniform. - Methods for finding the centroid include applying principles of moments or integrating over the object's dimensions. - Examples show finding the centroid of a circular arc, triangle, circular sector, various areas, and a volume. Centroids are located using integration of the object's dimensions weighted by properties like position, area, or volume of infinitesimal elements.

Uploaded by

Ian Ark E. Colarte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Mechanics

Lecture 16

Center of Gravity & Centroid

Lecture 16

Engineering Mechanics

Center of Gravity & Centroid


Center

of gravity

The center of gravity is a point which locates


the resultant weight of a system of particles or
body.
Determining the

center of gravity

Applying the principle of moments to the


parallel system of gravitational force
xdw

x=

ydw

y=

zdw

z=

xdm

x=

ydm

y=

zdm

z=

Lecture 16

Engineering Mechanics

Center of Gravity & Centroid


Centroid

The centroid C is a point which defines the geometric


center of an object when the density r of a body is
uniform throughout.
Centroid

of a line

For a slender rod or wire of length L, cross-sectional


area A, & density r, the mass of an element becomes
dm = r AdL

If r & A are constant over the entire length of


the rod, then;
xdL

x=
L

Lecture 16

ydL

y=
L

zdL

z=
L

Engineering Mechanics

Center of Gravity & Centroid


Centroid

of area

When a body of density r has a small but constant


thickness t, the mass of an element becomes
dm = r AdL

If r & t are constant over the entire area,


then the centroid C of the surface area
may be written
xdA

x=

ydA

y=

Centroid

zdA

z=
A

of volume

For a general body of volume V & density r, the


element has a mass dm = r AdL
If r is constant over the entire volume, then
the centroid C of the volume may be written
xdV

x=
V

Lecture 16

ydV

y=
V

zdV

z=
V

Engineering Mechanics

Example 1
Locate

the centroid of a circular arc as shown

Choosing the axis of symmetry


The centroid of the arc line can be located by
x=

xdL

y=

ydL = 0.
L

x at any point on the arc can be found from;


x = r cos q
dL = r dq
L = 2a r
a

( r cosq )( rd q )

x=
=
-a

2a r

r2
2a r

-a

cos qd q

r
2r sin a
[sin a - sin(-a )] =
2a
2a
r sin a
\x =
a
x=

Lecture 16

Engineering Mechanics

Example 2
Determine

the distance y from the base of a triangle of altitude h


to the centroid of its area
The area of the strip dA = x.dy
x
b
b
= x = (h - y )
h-y h
h
\dA =

b
(h - y )dy
h

Triangle area
A=

bh
2

Applying the centroid of area equation


y=

Lecture 16

ydA
A

b
(h - y )dy
h
bh
2
Engineering Mechanics

1 2
bh
h
y=6
=
bh
3
2

Example 3
Locate

the centroid of the area of a circular sector


with respect to its vertex
Technique I
The area of the strip
dA = 2a ro .dro

Centroid of the strip from example 1


xC =

ro sin a
a

Total area A
A=

2a
(p r 2 ) = a r 2
2p

Applying the centroid of area equation


ro sin a

( 2a r .dro )

xdA
0
a
=

x=
A
ar 2
r

Lecture 16

Engineering Mechanics

Example 3
2sin a r 3 2 r sin a
x=
=
2
a 3r
3 a

Technique II
The area of the strip
dA =

dq
1
(p r 2 ) = r 2d q
2p
2

Centroid of the strip


2
x C = r cosq
3

Total area A
A=

2a
(p r 2 ) = a r 2
2p

Applying the centroid of area equation


2
1 2

r
cos
q
r
.
d
q

xdA -a 3
2

x=
=
A
ar 2
1 r3
x=
sin a - sin(-a ) ]
2[
3 ar
a

Lecture 16

x=

Engineering Mechanics

2 r sin a
3 a

Example 3
For a semicircular area 2a = p
x=

Lecture 16

2 r sin p / 2 4r
=
3 p /2
3p

Engineering Mechanics

Example 4
Locate

the centroid of the area shown

The x
The area of the strip
dA = y .dx = x 2dx

Centroid of the strip


xC = x

Total area A
1
3

A = x 2dx =
0

Applying the centroid of area equation


x=

x=

Lecture 16

xdA
A

x 3dx

1/ 3

x (x 2dx )
1/ 3

3
= m
4
Engineering Mechanics

Example 4
The y
The area of the strip
dA = (1 - x ).dy

Centroid of the strip


yC = y

Total area A
1

A = x 2dx =
0

1
3

Applying the centroid of area equation


y=

y=

Lecture 16

ydA
A

y ( (1 - x )dy )

=
0

1/ 3

y - y 3/2dy
1/ 3

3
m
10

Engineering Mechanics

Example 5
Locate

the centroid of the area shown

The area of the strip


dV = p z 2 .dy

Centroid of the strip


yC = y

Total area A
100

A = p z .dy = 100p
0

100

y .dy

A = 500000p

Applying the centroid of Volume equation


y=

ydV
V

100

y (p 100 y .dy )
500000p

100

y 2dy

5000

y = 66.67 mm

Lecture 16

Engineering Mechanics

Discussions
Any Question?

Lecture 16

Engineering Mechanics

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