Lecture powerpoints from the recommended textbook are by Lami Kaya, [email protected].
Lecture powerpoints are 2009 Pearson Education Inc.
Their content has sometimes been edited by Andy Brooks.
NET0183 Networks and Communications
Lecture 31
The Socket API
socket/tengill
8/25/2009
NET0183 Networks and Communications
by Dr Andy Brooks
The recommended textbook is Computer Networks and Internets by Douglas E. Comer
http://www.coursesmart.com/0136066992/?a=1773944
www.pearson-books.com/student (for additional discounts and offers)
8/25/2009
NET0183 Networks and Communications
by Dr Andy Brooks
Socket @ Webopedia 31. mars 2010
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/s/socket.html
(1) In UNIX and some other operating systems, a software object
that connects an application to a network protocol. In UNIX, for
example, a program can send and receive TCP/IP messages by
opening a socket and reading and writing data to and from the
socket. This simplifies program development because the
programmer need only worry about manipulating the socket and
can rely on the operating system to actually transport messages
across the network correctly. Note that a socket in this sense is
completely soft - it's a software object, not a physical component.
8/25/2009
NET0183 Networks and Communications
by Dr Andy Brooks
Socket: a door between an application process
and a transport protocol (e.g. TCP)
controlled by
application
developer
controlled by
operating
system
process
process
socket
TCP with
buffers,
variables
host or
server
from Kurose and Ross
internet
socket
TCP with
buffers,
variables
controlled by
application
developer
controlled by
operating
system
host or
server
3.13 Network Programming and the Socket API
The interface an application uses to specify communication
is known as an Application Program Interface (API).
One particular API has emerged as the de facto standard for
software that communicates over the Internet. This API is
known as the socket API, commonly abbreviated sockets.
The socket API is available for many OS such as Microsoft's
Windows systems as well as various UNIX systems,
including Linux.
sockets/tenglar
2009 Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
3.15 Parameters and the Socket API
Socket programming differs from conventional I/O.
An application must specify details such as :
the address of a remote computer
the protocol port number
whether the application will act as a client or as a server
To avoid having a single socket function with many
parameters, designers of the socket API chose to
define many functions.
An application creates a socket, and then invokes
functions.
2009 Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Figure 3.7 A summary of the major functions in the socket API.
2009 Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
3.16 Socket Calls in a Client and Server
Figure 3.8 illustrates the sequence of socket calls made by
a typical client and server that use a stream connection.
The server waits for the client to send data.
In practice, some applications arrange for the server to send
first (i.e. send and recv are called in the reverse order).
2009 Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Figure 3.8 Illustration of the sequence of socket functions called by a client and
server using the stream paradigm.
2009 Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
How does this all work in Java?
A brief overview follows...
8/25/2009
NET0183 Networks and Communications
by Dr Andy Brooks
10
Simple, example client-server in Java.
AdditionClient.java RunAdditionClient.java
AdditionServer.java RunAdditionServer.java
The source code files are on NET0183 website.
The client sends two numbers to the server.
The server computes the addition and sends the result back to the client.
Window dialogues are used to report behaviour to let us see what is happening.
8/25/2009
NET0183 Networks and Communications
by Dr Andy Brooks
11
Socket and ServerSocket classes in Java
Socket knows about:
opening a connection
sending data
receiving data
closing a connection
ServerSocket knows about:
binding to a port
listening for incoming data
accepting connections
8/25/2009
NET0183 Networks and Communications
by Dr Andy Brooks
12
AdditionServer.java
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class AdditionServer extends JFrame
{
private JTextArea textWindow = new JTextArea();
private int port;
// the constructor
public AdditionServer(int portIn)
{
port = portIn;
setTitle("Addition Server");
add("Center",textWindow);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setSize(400, 300);
setVisible(true);
startServer();
}
8/25/2009
NET0183 Networks and Communications
by Dr Andy Brooks
13
AdditionServer.java
private void startServer()
{
// declare a "general" socket and a server socket
Socket connection;
ServerSocket listenSocket;
// declare low level and high level objects for input
InputStream inStream;
DataInputStream inDataStream;
// declare low level and high level objects for output
OutputStream outStream;
DataOutputStream outDataStream;
// declare other variables
String client;
int first, second, sum;
boolean connected;
8/25/2009
NET0183 Networks and Communications
by Dr Andy Brooks
14
while(true)
AdditionServer.java
{
try {
// create a server socket
listenSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
textWindow.append("Listening on port " + port + "\n");
// listen for a connection from the client
connection = listenSocket.accept ();
connected = true;
// create an input stream from the client
inStream = connection.getInputStream();
inDataStream = new DataInputStream(inStream);
// create an output stream to the client
outStream = connection.getOutputStream ();
outDataStream = new DataOutputStream (outStream );
// wait for a string from the client
client = inDataStream.readUTF();
textWindow.append("Connection established with "
+ client + "\n" );
8/25/2009
NET0183 Networks and Communications
by Dr Andy Brooks
15
AdditionServer.java
while(connected)
{
//read an integer from the client
first = inDataStream.readInt();
textWindow.append( "First number received: "
+ first + "\n");
//read an integer from the client
second = inDataStream.readInt();
textWindow.append( "Second number received: "
+ second + "\n");
sum = first + second;
textWindow.append( "Sum returned: "
+ sum + "\n");
//send the sum to the client
outDataStream.writeInt(sum);
}
}
catch (IOException e)
{
connected = false;
}}}}
8/25/2009
NET0183 Networks and Communications
by Dr Andy Brooks
16
RunAdditionServer.java
public class RunAdditionServer {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
new AdditionServer(8901);
}
}
8/25/2009
NET0183 Networks and Communications
by Dr Andy Brooks
17
Simple, example client-server in Java.
Extracts from the Java API.
listenSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
Creates a server socket, bound to the specified port. A
port of 0 creates a socket on any free port. The maximum
queue length for incoming connection indications (a
request to connect) is set to 50. If a connection indication
arrives when the queue is full, the connection is refused.
connection = listenSocket.accept ();
Listens for a connection to be made to this socket and
accepts it. The method blocks until a connection is made.
A new Socket s is created and, if there is a security
manager, the security manager's checkAccept method is
called with s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() and
s.getPort() as its arguments to ensure the operation is
allowed. This could result in a SecurityException.
8/25/2009
NET0183 Networks and Communications
by Dr Andy Brooks
18
