LBB & BUSBAR PROTECTION

PREPARED BY
GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
[email protected],
Mobile:9440336984

NOMINICLATURE

LBB : Local Breaker Backup Relay.

BFR : Breaker Failure Relay.
CBF : Circuit Breaker Failure Relay.
ANSI Code : 50Z or 50BF.
This is Current Operated Relay.

BASICS OF LBB/BFR PROTECTION

LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION

A PROTECTION WHICH IS DESIGNED TO CLEAR A SYSTEM

FAULTY BY INITIATING TRIPPING OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKER(S) IN
THE CASE OF FAILURE TO TRIP OF THE APPROPRIATE CIRCUIT
BREAKER.
IN MODERN NETWORKS THE CRITICAL FAULT CLEARING
TIME MAY BE LESS THAN 200ms. HENCE, IF THE FAULT IS NOT
CLEARED DUE TO FAILURE OF THE PRIMARY PROTECTIVE RELAYS
OR THEIR ASSOCIATED CIRCUIT BREAKER, A FAST ACTING BACKUP PROTECTIVE RELAY MUST CLEAR THE FAULT.
THERE ARE TWO BASIC FORMS.
REMOTE BACK-UP.
LOCAL BACK-UP.

REMOTE BACK-UP

PROVIDES BACK-UP PROTECTION FOR THE BOTH THE

RELAYS (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) AND BREAKERS AT REMOTE
SUBSTATION.

LOCAL BACK-UP

LOCAL BACK-UP PROTECTION CAN BE DEVIDED INTO TWO

CATAGORIES.
RELAY BACK-UP
BREAKER BACK-UP

RELAY BACK-UP
DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION. i.e ONE IS NON SWITCHED
DISTANCE
PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS SWITCHED DISTANCE
SCHEME OR OTHER WISE BOTH SCHEMES CHARECTERSTICS ARE
DIFFERENT (QUADRALATERAL, MHO CIRCULAR, TAMOTO & OPTICAL )
OR DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS(ABB, ALSTOM, SIEMENS, EASUN
REYROLL, SEL, GE, NXT PHASE OR BASLER) OR DIFFERENT METHODS (i.e
ELECTROMECHANICAL, STATIC, NUMERICAL{MICROPROCESSOR &DSP}).
IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS BOTH SHOULD BE
SEPARATE CHARECTERESTICS AND SEPARATE MODELS AND ALL
FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH
RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS.
TO INCREASE THE SECURITY, THE CIRCUIT BREAKER HAS TWO
TRIP COILS, ONE IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION AND ANOTHER
IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION.

BREAKER BACK-UP
BECAUSE OF THE HIGH COST OF HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
BREAKERS, IT IS NOT FEASIBLE TO DUPLICATE THEM.
IN CASE OF A BREAKER FAILURE THE OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKERS
CONNECTED TO THE SAME BUS AS THE FAULTED BREAKER MUST THERE
FORE BE TRIPPED.

LBB/BFR FLOW CHART

MAIN
PROTECTION
OPERATED

YES

TRIP
MAIN
BREAKER

FAULT
CLEARED

NO

RETRIP

YES

INITIATE
BFR

YES

RESET
BREAKER
FAILURE
SCHEME

WAIT FOR
FAULT
CLEARENCE

AND

TRIP
BACK-UP/
Adjacent
BREAKERS

The Breaker Failure Protection (LBB/BFR) can operate single-stage/two-stage.

When used as single-stage protection, the Bus trip command is given to the
adjacent Circuit Breakers if the protected feeder Breaker fails.
When used as two-stage protection, the first stage can be used to repeat the
trip command to the relevant feeder Breaker, normally on a different trip coil, if
the initial trip command from the feeder protection is not successful. The
second stage will result in a Bus trip to the adjacent Breakers, if the command
of the first stage is not successful.

LBB/BFR TIME CO-ORDINATION CHART

FAULT OCCURS

NORMAL CLEARING TIME

NORMAL
CLEARING

PROTECTIVE RELAY
FOR EX: DISTANCE RELAY

RESETTING TIME OF THE

CURRENT MEASURING UNITS

BREAKER
INTURUPTING TIME

~30ms

~60ms

MARGIN

<12ms

SET TIME OF THE TIME MEASURING UNIT

INOPERATIVE
BREAKER

TRIPPING
RELAY
TIME

BACK-UP BREAKER
INTERUPTING TIME

BREAKER FAILURE RELAY START

TOTAL CLEARING TIME OF THE BREAKER FAILURE RELAY
MAXIMUM FAULT CLEARING TIME BEFORE SYSTEM INSTABILITY

MARGIN

LBB/BFR LOGIC
CURRENT INPUTS
PHASE L1

A/D
CONVERTER PHASE CURRENT SET POINT

I > ISET

PHASE L2/E
PHASE L3

I > ISET
|||

&

LED
(PHASE START)
ALARM RELAY
(PHASE START)

>1

&

ALARM RELAY
(EARTH START)

EARTH CURRENT SET POINT

OUT PUT OF DISTANCE RELAY OR

SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT RELAY

LED
(EARTH START)

BINARY INPUT
CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE INITIATE

TIMING/OUTPUT
STAGE

TRIP T1
RELAY

TIME STAGE T1

&

ALARM T1
RELAY

&

TIME STAGE T2
SWITCHED OFF

>1

TIME STAGE T2

O&
0

LED

TRIP T2
RELAY

LED
LED
CB FAILURE
INITIATE

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/ BFR PROTECTION COMMENTS
GENERAL

In the event of any CB fails to trip on receipt of

command from Protection relays, all CBs connected to
the Bus section to which the faulty circuit Breaker is
connected are required to be tripped with minimum
possibly delay through LBB Protection.
This Protection also Provides coverage for faults
between CB and CT which are not cleared by other
protections.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LBB/BFR PROTECTION

i) In all new 400KV and 220KV Substations as well

as Generating Stations Switch Yard, it must be
provided for each Circuit Breaker.
ii) For existing Switch Yards, it is considered a must
at 400KV level and also 220KV Switch Yards having
multiple feed.
iii) In case of radially fed 220KV Substations,
Provision of LBB Protection is desirable but not
essential.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR REQUIREMENTS

i) Have Short Operation and Drop off times.

ii) Have 3 Phase Current elements with facility for
Phase wise initiation.
iii) have current setting range such that these can be
set minimum 200mA for
Line
and
50mA
for
generators (for 1A CT for secondary).
iv) Have one common
adjustable setting.

associated

REQUIREMENTS OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Operating Time
Breaking Capacity
Stuck Breaker Probability
Operating Sequence / Duty cycle

timer

with

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR OPERATION

The Breaker Failure Protection

operate single-stage/two-stage.

(LBB/BFR)

can

When used as single-stage protection, the Bus trip

command is given to the adjacent Circuit Breakers if
the protected feeder Breaker fails.
When used as two-stage protection, the first stage
can be used to repeat the trip command to the relevant
feeder Breaker, normally on a different trip coil, if the
initial trip command from the feeder protection is not
successful. The second stage will result in a Bus trip to
the adjacent Breakers, if the command of the first
stage is not successful. (This is More recommended)

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR FLOW CHART

MAIN
PROTECTION
OPERATED

YES

TRIP
MAIN
BREAKER

FAULT
CLEARED

YES

RESET
BREAKER
FAILURE
SCHEME

NO
RETRIP

YES

INITIATE
BFR

WAIT FOR
FAULT
CLEARENCE

AND

TRIP
BACK-UP/
Adjacent
BREAKERS

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR SPECIAL COMMENTS

(i) The relay is separate for each breaker and is to be

connected in the secondary circuit of the CTs
associated with that particular breaker.
(ii) For line breakers, direct tripping of remote end
breaker(s) should be arranged on operation of LBB
protection.
For transformer breakers, direct tripping of
breaker(s) on the
other side of the transformer
should be arranged on operation of LBB protection
(iii) For lines employing single phase auto reclosing,
the LBB relays should be started on a single phase
basis from the trip relays.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR SPECIAL COMMENTS

(iv) The CT sec core may be separate core, if available.

Other wise it shall be Clubbed (in series) with Main-1
or Main-2 protection.
(v)It is considered a good practice to have DC circuits
of Gr.A and Gr. B protections and relay independent.
(vi) LBB cannot operate without proper initiation. It is
good practice to provide redundant trip output and
breaker fail input where other forms of redundancy
does not exist.
(vii) Separation should be maintained between
protective relay and CB trip coil DC circuit so that short
circuit or blown fuse in the CB circuit will not prevent
the protective relay from energizing the LBB scheme.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR SPECIAL COMMENTS

(viii) In addition to other fault sensing relays the LBB

relay should be initiated by Bus bar protection, since
failure of CB to clear a bus fault would result in the loss
of entire station if BFP relay is not initiated
(ix) Tripping logic of the bus bar protection scheme
shall be used for LBB protection also.
(x) For breaker-fail relaying for low energy faults like
buchholz operation, special considerations may have to
be given to ensure proper scheme operation by using
C.B. contact logic in addition to current detectors.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

LBB/BFR SETTING CRITERIA

(i) Current level detectors should be set as sensitive as

the main protections
A general setting of 0.2 A is commonly practiced for
Lines and Transformers
(ii)

Timer setting should be set considering breaker

interrupting time, current detector reset time and a
margin. Generally a timer setting of 200 ms has
been found to be adequate.

LBB/BFR connections during STATIC Relays

CT CORE-1 : Main-1 Distance Relay & Fault Locator are in
series.
CT CORE-2 : Main-2 / Backup Relay,
LBB/BFR &
Disturbance Recorder are in series.

1-52CB

CORE-1

P2

P1

21 M1 / 87TL

IN CASE OF LINE

ABB
REL521
MAIN-1

FAULT
LOCATOR
21 M2 / BU-T

CORE-2

P2

P1

LBB
BFR

ABB
REL316
MAIN-2

IN CASE OF LINE

DIST
REC

LBB/BFR connections during NUMERICAL Relays

1. Fault Locator is inbuilt feature in both Distance Schemes.
2. Disturbance Recorder is also inbuilt feature in both Distance
Schemes.
3. Most of the Utilities are not accepting the LBB is Inbuilt feature
of Main-1 or Main-2/ BU Protection. But Accepting Inbuilt
feature of BUSBAR Protection.

1-52CB

CORE-1

P2

P1

21 M1 / 87TL

ABB
REL521
MAIN-1
21 M2 / BU-T

CORE-2

P2

P1

LBB
BFR

ABB
REL316
MAIN-2

NEXT DEVELOPMENT
1. LBB is now connecting in series with BUSBAR Protection Relay. or
2. CT connections are up to LBB and LBB to BUSBAR is Fiber Optic Link.
(Numerical Distributed LBB & Centralised BUSBAR Concept) Or
3. LBB is Inbuilt feature of Numerical BUSBAR Protection. (Centralised
Numerical BUSBAR Protection)
1-52CB

CORE-1

P2

P1

21 M1 / 87TL

ABB
REL521
MAIN-1
21 M2 / BU

CORE-2

P2

P1

CORE-3

P2

P1

ABB
REL316
MAIN-2

LBB
BFR
CBF

FIBER
OPTIC

CENTRAL UNIT
BUSBAR

OR

50 Z + 87BB
LBB IS INBUILT
CENTRALISED
BUSBAR

NEXT DEVELOPMENT
1. ABB is development of New Concept i.e
2. CT connections are up to Main-1 Protection & Main-1 to LBB / Bay Unit
and LBB to BUSBAR is Fiber Optic Link. (Numerical Distributed LBB &
Centralised BUSBAR Concept) Or
3. Similarly to Main-2 Protection
1-52CB
P1

P2

CORE-2

CENTRAL UNIT

P2

CORE-1

21 M1 / 87T LBB / BAY UNIT

FO

FO

FO

FO

P1

21 M2 / BU

LBB/BAY UNIT

CENTRAL UNIT

NEXT DEVELOPMENT FOR DUPLICATE BUSBAR PROTECTION FOR

DISTRIBUTED LBB & CENTRALISED BUSBAR
In this 2 Nos Central Units are available.
In ABB concept 2 Nos LBB/Bay units are connected to different CT cores.
Concerned Bay is connected to concerned Centralised Unit Through Fiber Optic.
In case of SIEMENS One LBB/Bay Unit is Connected & 2sets of Fiber Optic connections
to Duplicate Central Unit.

1-52CB
CORE-1

P1

P2

CORE-2

P1

P2

CORE-3

LBB / BU

P2

1.
2.
3.
4.

P1

FO

FO

RECENT DEVELOPMENT
New Relay Introduced i.e Breaker Management Relay.
In this LBB (50Z) + A/R (79) + Check Syn (25) are Inbuilt features.
This is connected to Centralised Unit Through Fiber Optic or CT Connections are in
Series to BUSBAR.

1-52CB
CORE-1

BMR

P2

FO

P1

P2

CORE-2

1.
2.
3.

P1

BMR

INITIATION TO LBB / BFR

1.
2.
3.
4.

Main-1 & Main-2 / BU Operation will operate 1-Ph Trip Relays (186-R,Y,B & 286-R,Y,B).
These Relays will energise the trip coils of the Circuit Breaker and initiate the LBB
Relay.
Other Relays will operate Master Trip Relays / High Speed Trip Relays (86Gr-A, 86GrB). These Relays will energise the trip coils of the Circuit Breaker and initiate the LBB
Relay.
BUSBAR Relays will operate Master Trip Relays / High Speed Trip Relays (96-BB).
These Relays will energise the trip coils of the Circuit Breaker and initiate the LBB
Relay.
Incase of Transfer Bus System or Bypass Isolator System initiation of LBB is selection
of Normal / Transfer switch Position.

LBB / BFR Tripping Logic

When LBB Operated following Output Operations will Taken Place.

To Main-1 Disturbance Recorder.

To Main-2 Disturbance Recorder.
To 86 Gr-A Bi-Stable relay.
To 86 Gr-B Bi-Stable relay.
To 87BUSBAR Output Relays ( 96BB1 and/or 96BB2).
Direct Trip Ch-1 to Other end.
Direct Trip Ch-2 to Other end.
To Annunciation.
To SER / RTU.
Incase of ONE & HALF CB System, Central/ Tie LBB Having Duplicate
Tripping Logics for 2 sides of Main Bays.

MAIN-1 PROTECTION OPERATED

( Conventional system)

+VE

21 MAIN-1
186 R1
R PHASE

186 R2
TO LBB

TO TC-1

TO TC-1

TO TC-2

TO TC-2

186 Y1
Y PHASE

186 Y2
TO LBB

TO TC-1

TO TC-1

TO TC-2

TO TC-2

186 B1
B PHASE

186 B2
TO LBB
TO TC-1
TO TC-2

BINARY OUTPUT

TO TC-1
TO TC-2

-VE

MAIN-2 PROTECTION OPERATED

(Conventional System)

+VE

21 MAIN-2
286 R1
R PHASE

286 R2
TO LBB

TO TC-1

TO TC-1

TO TC-2

TO TC-2

286 Y1
Y PHASE

286 Y2
TO LBB

TO TC-1

TO TC-1

TO TC-2

TO TC-2

286 B1
B PHASE

286 B2
TO LBB
TO TC-1
TO TC-2

BINARY OUTPUT

TO TC-1
TO TC-2

-VE

86 GA (MASTER TRIP RELAY) OPERATION

(CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM)
+VE

PB

RESET

-VE

21 MAIN-1
OPERATED
TO ANN

OTHER PROTECTIONS

TO SER
TO CL I/L
TO LBB

TO TC-1

TO TC-2
TO M1 DR
TO M2 DR

86 GA MASTER TRIP RELAY

86 GB (MASTER TRIP RELAY) OPERATION

(CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM)
+VE

PB

RESET

-VE

21 MAIN-2
OPERATED
TO ANN

OTHER PROTECTIONS

TO SER
TO CL I/L
TO LBB

TO TC-1

TO TC-2
TO M1 DR
TO M2 DR

86 GB MASTER TRIP RELAY

96 BB (MASTER TRIP RELAY) OPERATION

PB

RESET

-VE

87 BUSBAR
OPERATED
TO D/T-1

FROM LBB

TO D/T-2
TO ANNUN
TO CL I/L
TO LBB
TO SER
TO TC-1

TO TC-2
TO M1 DR
TO M2 DR

96 BB MASTER TRIP RELAY

FOR SINGLE BUS SYSTEM,

ONE & HALF CB SYSTEM,
DOUBLE CB & DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM
& RING MAIN BUS SYTEM

+VE

LBB Operation & Output

(SINGLE BUS / DOUBLE BUS / QUAD BUS SYSTEM)
INITIATION
186 R
186 Y
186 B
286 R
286 Y
286 B
86 GR-A
86 GR-B
96 BB

LBB / BFR
TIMER

+VE

50X

-VE
TO D/T CH-1
TO D/T CH-2
TO ANNUN
TO MAIN1 DR
TO MAIN2 DR
TO SER
TO 86 GR-A
TO 86 GR-B
TO BUSBAR

LBB Operation & Output

(TRANSFER BUS / BYPASS ISO SYSTEM)
INITIATION
186 R
186 Y
186 B
286 R
286 Y
286 B
86 GR-A

LBB / BFR
TIMER

+VE

+VE

-VE
TO D/T CH-1
TO D/T CH-2
TO ANNUN

86 GR-B
96 BB

NT

50X

In case of Feeder bay /

Transformer Bay

TO MAIN1 DR
TO MAIN2 DR
TO SER
TO 86 GR-A
TO 86 GR-B
TO BUSBAR

NT

+VE

In case of Transfer bay / Bus Coupler Bay for Transfer Bus /

Bypass ISO System initiation to that LBB

LBB Operation & Output

(ONE&HALF CB SYSTEM)
INITIATION
186 R
186 Y
186 B
286 R
286 Y
286 B
86 GR-A
86 GR-B
96 BB

LBB / BFR
TIMER

50X1

+VE

-VE
TO D/T CH-1

50X2

-VE

TO D/T CH-1
TO D/T CH-2
TO ANNUN
TO MAIN1 DR
TO MAIN2 DR
TO SER
TO 86 GR-A
TO 86 GR-B
TO BUSBAR

TO D/T CH-2
TO ANNUN
TO MAIN1 DR
TO MAIN2 DR
TO SER
TO 86 GR-A
TO 86 GR-B
TO BUSBAR
IN THIS 2 NOS TRIPPING AUXILIARY RELAYS
PROVIDED FOR MAIN CB & TIE CB.
IN CASE OF TIE LBB, ONE FOR BUS-1 MAIN
CB & OTHER FOR BUS-2 MAIN CB.

LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LINE1
BUS-1

AT/F-1
1-52CB

50Z

2-52CB

50ZT

3-52CB

50Z

BUS-2

LBB/BFR IS LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY.

1No RELAY IS PROVIDED FOR EACH BREAKER.
THIS IS CURRENT OPERATED RELAY.
THIS RELAY IS ENERGISED WHEN MASTER TRIP RELAY(86-A OR/AND 86-B)
OPERATES OR SINGLE PHASE TRIP RELAYS OPERATES AND GIVEN SIGNAL TO BREAKER FOR TRIP.
IN THIS RELAY TIME DELAY IS PROVIDED.
THIS RELAY OPERATES WHEN THE BREAKER IS UNDER TROUBLE/ FAILS TO OPERATE.
AFTER ENERGISED THE RELAY AND TIME DELAY COMPLETES, EVEN CURRENT IS THERE THIS THINKS
BREAKER FAIL TO OPERATE AND GIVEN SIGNAL AS PER SCHEME DESCRIBED NEXT PRESENTATION.
NEW CONCEPT: Normally the CT connections for LBB/BFR relay is in series with Main-2 Protection.
In case of Numerical Distributed LBB/BFR and Centralized Bus-Bar System, the CT connections for
Bus-Bar are terminated at LBB/BFR and Centralized Bus-Bar is interconnected by Fiber-Optic
cable.

1-52 CB LBB/BFR OPERATION

86-A

50Z

DIRECT TRIP 1&2

VIA CARRIER TO
OTHER END
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION OPTD
AND BUSBAR-1
ISOLATED

TO 86-B TRIP RELAY

OF TIE CB(2-52CB)

1-52CB
TC-1
BUS-1

ABB
REL316
MAIN-2

86-B

86-B

86-A

ABB
REL521
MAIN-1

TC-2

2-52CB
TC-2
TC-1

3-52CB
BUS-2

2-52 CB LBB/BFR OPERATION

ABB
RET521
MAIN-1

86-A

ABB
REL521
MAIN-1

86-B

ABB
REL316
MAIN-2

ABB
RET316
MAIN-2

50ZT
DIRECT TRIP 1&2
VIA CARRIER
TO OTHER END

INTER TRIP TO
LVCB & TBCCB

TO 86-B TRIP RELAY

OF AT/F(ICT) CB (3-52CB)

TO 86-B TRIP RELAY

OF LINE CB(1-52CB)

2-52CB

1-52CB
TC-1
BUS-1

3-52CB
TC-2
BUS-2

3-52 CB LBB/BFR OPERATION

ABB
RET316
MAIN-2

86-A
86-B

86-B

86-A

ABB
RET521
MAIN-1

50Z
INTER TRIP TO
LV CB & TBC CB
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION OPTD
AND BUSBAR-2
ISOLATED

TO 86-B TRIP RELAY

OF TIE CB(2-52CB)

2-52CB

1-52CB
TC-1
BUS-1

3-52CB
TC-2

TC-2

TC-1
BUS-2

DISTRIBUTED LBB & NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUS BAR PROTECTION

(REB 500) ABB

(7 SS 52) SIEMENS

(MICOM P740) AREVA

OR

OR

OR

OR

14-52
15-52

13-52

11-52

10-52

BUS-2

12-52

7-52
8-52
9-52

5-52
6-52

4-52

2-52
3-52

1-52

BUS-1

NEED/NECESSICITY

BUSBAR Protection is provided for high speed sensitive clearance

of BUSBAR faults by tripping all the Circuit Breakers connected to
faulty bus.
A BUSBAR Protection is a Protection to protect BUSBARs at ShortCircuits and Earth-faults. In the childhood of electricity no separate
Protection was used for the BUSBARs. Nearby line protection were
used as back-up for BUSBAR Protection.
In its absence fault clearance takes place in zone-II of Distance
Relay by remote end tripping.
With increasing Short-Circuit Power in the network separate
BUSBAR Protections have to be installed to limit the damage at
primary faults. A delayed tripping for BUSBAR faults can also lead
to instability in nearby generators and total system collapse.

NEED/NECESSICITY

The earliest form of BUS Protection was that provided by the

relays of circuits (i.e. Lines , Transformers, Reactors & Capacitor
Banks) over which current was supplied to a BUS. In other words
the BUS was included within the back-up zone of these relays.
This method was relatively slow speed, and loads tapped from
the lines would be interrupted unnecessarily, but it was otherwise
effective. Some preferred this method to one in which the
inadvertent operation of a single relay would trip all the
connections to the BUS.
This Means Slow And Unselective Tripping And Wide Spread
Black Out.

EFFECT OF DELAYED CLEARENCE

Greater damage at fault point.

Indirect shock to connected equipments like shafts of Generator

and windings of Transformer.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

The Principle of Operation of Bus bar protection is Kirchoffs

Current Law. i.e. Sum of the Currents Entering in to the Node is
equal to Sum of the Currents Leaving the node. Here Node Means
BUSBAR.

CAUSES OF BUS ZONE FAULTS

Deterioration of Insulating Material.

Flashover of insulators due to lightning or System Over
Voltages.
Wrong application of /or failure to remove temporary earth
connections.
Short circuits caused by birds, monkeys, vermin and the like.
Short circuits caused by construction machinery.

BASICS OF BUS BAR PROTECTION

BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFFs CURENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS ENTERING A GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL
TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING THAT NODE

EXTERNAL FAULT

INTERNAL FAULT
IF

I1

I1
I2

I3

I2
I3

I4
I5

I4
I5

I6

I6

IF

IF= I6= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5

IF= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5+I6

RECOMMENDATIONS

Must have as short tripping time as possible.

Must be able to detect internal faults.
Must be absolutely stable at external faults. External faults are
much more common than internal faults. The magnitude of
external faults can be equal to the stations maximum breaking
capacity, while the function currents can go down to
approximately 2% of the same. The stability factor there fore
needs to be at least 50 times i.e. 20. CT-saturation at external
faults must not lead to mal-operation of the BUSBAR Protection.
Must be able to detect and trip only the faulty part of the
BUSBAR system.
Must be secure against mal-operation due to auxiliary contact
failure, human mistakes and faults in the secondary circuits etc.

TYPES OF BUSBAR PROTECTION SCHEMES

HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION:

High Impedance Differential Protection has traditionally been provided by
Electromechanical Relays and associated stabilising resistances
connected across the Current Transformer secondary bus wires of the
Protected zone, i.e. the Measuring Circuit comprises a High impedance
stabilising Resistor (Metrosil) connected across the circulating current
arrangement of all the CTs in parallel. The resulting Scheme is
economical, simple in concept and easily extendable to cover additional
circuits. It has an added advantage that low fault current settings can be
achieved whilst retaining through fault stability. Application of this type of
scheme can however sometimes be limited by the need for CTs on each
circuit to be of the same ratio and by the knee point voltage required to
achieve fast operating times. The Value of Stabilising Resistor chosen
such that the voltage drop across the relay circuit is insufficient to operate
the relay for faults outside the protection zone.
The High-impedance protection scheme, on the other hand, is a good
Solution for single BUSBAR arrangements, 1 breaker systems or ring
BUSBARS, providing that appropriate dedicated CT cores are available
For this use alone.

TYPES OF BUSBAR PROTECTION SCHEMES

MEDIUM/MODERATE IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION:

This is effectively combination of the normal plain circulating
current High-Impedance and Stabilised percentage biased
differential scheme. This relay acts as Medium Impedance
Protection during internal faults & but Low Impedance Protection
during load and external faults.
Although heavy through fault currents may produce a different
current that exceeds the differential pick-up setting, stabilizing
current prevents tripping. The requirements made on the primary
CTs are subsequently less stringent than for a simple HighImpedance Scheme.

LOW IMPEDANCE PROTECTION

PHASE COMPARISION BUSBAR PROTECTION:

This operates on the principle that any BUSBAR fault will be
characterised by all current flows towards the protected BUSBARS
and phase coincidence and is checked for positive and negative
half cycles. In addition the non coincidence is used for as a
blocking signal.
However under low fault level conditions, it is possible for some
load flow to continue. To prevent this from stabilising the
Protection, a fault load current of Highest rated outgoing circuit is
normally selected i.e. pick-up level is set above the load current.
The differential current can also be included in the phase
comparison , there by further improving stability.
The Main advantage of this scheme is that, it is not necessary for
the current transformers on each circuit to be equal ratio. Also the
current transformers may be lower output than those required for
High-Impedance Schemes.

LOW IMPEDANCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

PERCENTAGE BIASED DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION:

This Protection is known as current comparison with current
restraint, biased or percentage differential relaying. The operating
current is the Phasor sum of all feeder currents and the restraint
current is the arithmetic sum. A trip command is given when
operating current is greater than its pickup level and the stabilising
factor the ratio of operating current to restraint current.
in case of CTs ratios differ, the currents have to be balanced by
using interposing CTs (Aux ratio matching CTs). In this load bias
take care for any matching errors.
where as High-Impedance protection the scheme is inherently
stable during CT saturation, in this scheme special measures must
be taken to ensure the protection remains stable during CT
saturation. In this scheme check feature can be included.
This type incorporates a stabilising resistor to ensure through fault
stability at high fault levels. This can limit the minimum size of
current transformer that will be required to ensure high speed
performance.

VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY WITH LINEAR COUPLERS

The problem of CT saturation is eliminated at its source by air-core CTs
called linear couplers. These CTs are like bushing CTs but they have no
iron in their core, and the number of secondary turns is much greater.
The secondary-excitation characteristic of these CTs is a straight line
having a slope of about 5 volts per 1000 ampere-turns.
Contrasted with conventional CTs, linear couplers may be operated
without damage with their secondaries open-circuited. In fact, very
little current can be drawn from the secondary, because so much of the
primary magneto-motive force is consumed in magnetizing the core.
The linear couplers are connected in a series of all CTs & to VoltageDifferential circuit. For normal load or external-fault conditions, the sum
of the voltages induced in the secondaries is zero, except for the very
small effects of manufacturing tolerances, and there is practically no
tendency for current to flow in the Differential Relay.
When a BUS fault occurs, the Voltages of the CTs in all the source
circuits add to cause current to flow through all the secondaries and the
coil of the Differential Relay. The Differential Relay, necessarily
requiring very little energy to operate, will provide high-speed
Protection for a relatively small net voltage in the Differential Circuit.

SUMMATION CTs METHOD

In practical application of the schemes, Summation Current
Transformers (one per main set of CTs) are normally used. These
summation CTs have a tapped primary to which the three phases
of the Main CTs are connected, the secondary of the summation
CTs providing single-phase output.
The Advantages of summation CTs are.
1. Single Relay is used for all three phases.
2. A Definite bias is available for all types external faults.
3. Lead burden on Main CTs is less, provided these CTs are
located Judiciously.
4. Secondary Cabling is reduced.
5. Aux switch requirement in Double BUSBAR arrangement is
reduced.
The main Draw backs are
1. The setting for Various types of faults is different, needing
careful analysis.
2. Bias effect is less for Phase faults than for Earth faults.

NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION

In this two Models of Protections are available.

1. Centralised BUSBAR Protection.
2. Distributed LBB (Bay Unit) and Centralised BUSBAR Protection.
The following are the advantages in this Numerical BUSBAR Protection
1. LBB and other relays are inbuilt feature.
2. Ratio Matching Transformers are not required. They can be
programmed.
3. Isolator selection relays are not required for zone segregation.
4. For any no of Zones of BUSBAR Protection, One Unit is sufficient.
5. In Distributed system Bay Unit to Central Unit is Fiber Optic connection.
6. Check Zone feature like Over-all Differential Protection & Over Current
Starter Protection is in built function.
7. Current comparison, CT supervision, CT open circuit & CT Saturation
Detection is also inbuilt feature.
9. Disturbance recorder and event recorders are inbuilt feature.
10. BUSBAR Tripping Relays are not required. This is can be configured in
BUSBAR Relay/ Bay Unit Binary output contacts.
11. These can be configured either High or Low impedance BUSBAR
Protection.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BUSBAR SCHEMES

DETAILS
PRINCIPLE
CTs

HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

THE CURRENTS ENTERING AND LEAVING THE BUSBAR ARE COMPARED
CONTINUOSLY. IT INVOLVES CHOOSING OF IMPEDENCE HIGH ENOUGH
STABLISE THE RELAY FOR HEAVY EXTERNAL FAULTS. THIS IS
CIRCULATING CURRENT PRINCIPLE.
IT REQUIRES ALL IDENTICAL CT RATIOs & TURNS RATIO. LOW
RESISTANCE OF SECONDARY WINDING. Class X for all CT Cores.
MINIMUM KNEE POINT VOLTAGE OF 300-500V.
LOW MAGNETISING CURRENT(FEW MILLIAMPS).

PERCENTAGE BIASED LOW IMPEDENCE

BUS BAR PROTECTION
IT HAS DIFFERENTIAL AND BIAS SETTING. THE RESULTANT BIAS
IS PROPOTIONAL TO ARITHMATIC SUM OF ALL CURRENTS,
WHEREAS THE OPERATING CURRENT IS VECTOR SUM OF ALL
CIRCUIT CURRENTS.
IT CAN WORK WITH CTs OF UNEQUAL RATIOS ALSO. FREE OF
ANY NEED OF MATCHED CT CHARACTERESTIC OR RATIOs LOW
LEAKAGE REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE. OTHER PROTECTIVE
RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME CIRCUIT.

BURDEN

IMPOSES COMPARATIVELY HIGH BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs IMPOSES LESS BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs HAVE NO
REDUCE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SCHEME
EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF SCHEME.

CT SATURATION

OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET SATURATED DURING OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET SATURATED
INTERNAL FAULTS.
DURING INTERNAL FAULTS. INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION.

UTILISATION

IT IS GOOD SOLUTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS, ONE & MOST SUITABLE FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR SYSTEMS
HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS OR RING BUSBAR SYSTEMS.
( WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFER BUS).
BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 20 mS.
DETECTS FAULTS WITH IN 1 2 mS AND INITIATES TRIPPING
WITH IN 5-7 mS.

OPERATING TIME
STABILITY

INABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT.

STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVEL.

PERFORMANCE

HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND COMPLETELY STABLE HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND COMPLETELY
FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS.
STABLE FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS.

ADDITIONAL
PROTECTION

THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THE TRIP COMMAND IS THIS RELAY HAS IN BUILT CHECK ZONE FEATURE (NO SEPARATE
ONLY GIVEN WHEN BOTH A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM CHECKZONE FEATURE) i.e OVER CURRENT STARTING RELAY
OPERATES.
PROVIDED.

CHECK ZONE FEATURE

Mal-operation of BUSBAR Protection can result in wide spread

system failure. It is therefore considered judicious to monitor its
operation by some form of check relay.
In case of High Impedance Relay the setting calculations is quite
high and some times low settings can be adopted. In this factor of
safety is more. This may be possibility for mal-operation from
design point of view. The provision of a check feature is therefore
purely a measure against mal-operation caused by external
agencies.

CHECK ZONE FEATURE

The ideal check feature should posses the following characteristics:
1. Check feature should be provided by a Relay which is physically
different from the Main Relay.
2. It should pick-up for all types of faults that the Main Protection is
capable of detecting.
3. The check feature should be at least as fast if not faster than Main
Protection for given type of fault.
4. The source which feeds the Check Relay should be Physically Different
from what feeds the Main Protection.
5. The Check feature should operate only for faults within the Main
Zone/Zones of Protection and not for external faults.
6. A separate cores of CTs for Check Relay is added with the ratios same
as for the Main Relay.
7. Check Relay can be connected irrespective of CT isolator selection in
case of Double Bus, Triple Bus & Quad Bus for all circuits, this is called
overall Check zone and in case Single Bus and 1-1/2 CB system same as
Main Relay.

TRIPPING LOGIC
The TRIP command is only given when both a discriminating/Main Zone and
Check-Zone system Operates.
To Zone-1
Trip Relays

Main zone-1
Relay output

+ve
Check zone
Relay output

To Zone-2
Trip Relays

Main zone-2
Relay output

TRIPPING LOGIC
incase of Single Bus System and One and Half Breaker system the output of
Main Relay and Check Relay to Main Tripping Relays & check Tripping
Relays. The outputs of these Tripping Relays are parallel for Tripping and
series incase of interlocks.
87 BB1

96 BB1

+ve From
DC Source-1

To Circuit Breaker
Closing interlock
Trip Coil R-Ph
Trip Coil Y-Ph
Trip Coil B-Ph

Main zone
Relay output

87 BB2
+ve From
DC Source-2

96 BB2
Check zone
Relay output

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

SPECIAL COMMENTS

i) DC Supply for Bus bar protection shall be independent

from feeder.
ii) Faults between CB & CT shall be cleared from one side by
opening of CB on Bus bar Protection Operation.
iii) However clearing of Fault from other side shall be through
breaker failure protection.
iv) 3ph trip relays shall be provided for each CB which shall
also initiate LBB/BFR Protection.
v) in case of existing SS where CTs are different ratios,
biased type differential protection/ Numerical Bus bar
protection is recommended.
vi) Length of secondary leads should be kept as minimum as
possible.
vii) Where lead runs are excessive, an increase in wire size or
use of
parallel conductors are meant to reduce lead
resistance.

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

REQUIREMENTS
i) it shall be 3-ph type and operate selectively for each bus bar section.
ii) it shall operate on Differential Principle and provide independent zones of
protection for each bus.
iii) it shall provide zone indication.
iv) it shall be stable for through fault conditions up to maximum 40KA fault level.
v) For applications where BUS Differential Protection sensitivity has to be set
below load current, as may be a case with use of concrete structures, it is
recommended that a separate check zone is provided, other wise separate check
zone is not essential. Check zone, if provided, shall be of High Impedance type.
vi) it shall incorporate continuous supervision for CT secondary against any
possible open circuits. In case of detection of open circuiting of CT secondary,
after a time delay, the effected zone of protection shall be rendered inoperative
and alarm initiated.
vii) it shall be include DC supply supervision.
viii) include adequate number of high speed tripping relays.
ix) whenever CT switching is involved the scheme shall include necessary CT
switching relays and have provision for CT switching incomplete alarm.
x) it shall be include IN/OUT switching facility for each zone..

CBIP Guidelines on Protection

SETTING CRITERIA
C.T wire supervision relays should be set with a sensitivity such
that they can detect C.T secondary open circuit even in case of least
loaded feeder.
BUSBAR Differential Protection should have overall sensitivity
above heaviest loaded feeder current unless a separate check zone
has been provided.
In case where faults currents are expected to be low, the
protection should be sensitive enough to take care of such expected
low fault current.
In case of voltage operated High Impedance type Protection, the
voltage setting should be above expected voltage developed across
the relay during maximum through fault current condition.
In case of current operated relays for stability under through fault
condition, external resistance is to be set such that voltage
developed across relay and resistance combination is below the
voltage required for forcing required relay operating current.

HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

87BBC

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

87BBM

96 BBC : BUSBAR
CHECK TRIPPING RELAY

52 CIRCUIT
BREAKER
TRIP COIL
- VE
A varistor is normally applied across the
relay input terminals to limit the voltage
to a value safely below the insulation
voltage of the secondary circuits

+ VE

96 BBM : BUSBAR
MAIN TRIPPING RELAY

UU

UU
OVER CURRENT
COIL

UU

.
Is

Id

OVER CURRENT
STARTER RELAYS

RESTRAINT
COIL

UU

UU
52 CIRCUIT
BREAKER
TRIP COIL

UU

OPERATING
COIL

LOW IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

+VE

96 BUS BAR
TRIPPING
RELAY

-VE

VOLTAGE-DIFFERENTIAL BUSBAR
PROTECTION

UU
VOLTAGE OPERATED
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

UU
Vd

UU
UU
UU
UU

SUMMATION CT METHOD

UUUUUUUUU

UUUUUUUUU

333

UU UU

UUU

UUUUUUUUUUU

333

333

UU UU

UUU

UUUUUUUUUUU

333

UUUUUUUUU

UUUUUUUUU

SUMMATION METHOD DIFFERENTIAL RELAY 87BB

METHOD - 1

METHOD - 2

DOUBLE BUS- HIGH IMPEDENCE

BUS-1

ISOLATOR
SELECTION

ISOLATOR
SELECTION

ISOLATOR
SELECTION

ISOLATOR
SELECTION

87 BBC
87 BBM-1

87 BBM-2

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU
UU

UU

BUS-2

DOUBLE BUS- LOW IMPEDENCE

BUS-1

ISOLATOR
SELECTION

LOW IMPEDANCE RELAY HAVING INBUILT CHECK FEATURE

87 BBM-2

UU
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

87 BBM-1

ISOLATOR
SELECTION

UU

UU

UU
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

UU

UU

BUS-2

DOUBLE BUS- NUMERICAL CENTRALISED

BUS-1

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

BUS-2

87 CENTRALISED NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY

CENTRALISED NUMERICAL BUSBAR HAVING NUMERICAL ALGORITHAM FOR
ISOLATOR SELECTION, ZONE SELECTION, OVER ALL DIFFERENTAIL PROTECTION AS
CHECK ZONE, OVER CURRENT STARTER AS CHECK ZONE, CT SUPERVISION, CT
OPEN CIRCUIT & CT SATURATION ETC FEATURES ARE INBUILT.

DOUBLE BUS- NUMERICAL DISTRIBUTED

BUS-1

BAY
UNIT
LBB
FO

BAY
UNIT
LBB
FO

BAY
UNIT
LBB
FO

BAY
UNIT
LBB
FO

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

BUS-2

BAY
UNIT
LBB
FO

87 DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY

DOUBLE BUS- DUPLICATE PROTECTION

BUS-1

BAY
UNIT
LBB

BAY
UNIT
LBB

87 DISTRIBUTED
NUMERICAL BUSBAR
PROTECTION RELAY

BAY
UNIT
LBB

BAY
UNIT
LBB

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

BUS-2

BAY
UNIT
LBB

87 DISTRIBUTED
NUMERICAL BUSBAR
PROTECTION RELAY

DOUBLE BUS- DUPLICATE PROTECTION

BUS-1

UU

UU

UU

UU

BAY
UNIT
LBB

BAY
UNIT
LBB

BAY
UNIT
LBB

87 DISTRIBUTED
NUMERICAL BUSBAR
PROTECTION RELAY

BAY
UNIT
LBB

BAY
UNIT
LBB

UU

BAY
UNIT
LBB

UU

UU

UU
BAY
UNIT
LBB

UU

UU

BUS-2

BAY
UNIT
LBB

BAY
UNIT
LBB

87 DISTRIBUTED
NUMERICAL BUSBAR
PROTECTION RELAY

BAY
UNIT
LBB

DOUBLE BUS- DUPLICATE PROTECTION

BUS-1

BAY
UNIT

UU

UU

UU

UU
BAY
UNIT

MAIN1
PROT

MAIN2
PROT

BAY
UNIT

87 DISTRIBUTED
NUMERICAL BUSBAR
PROTECTION RELAY

BAY
UNIT

BAY
UNIT

UU

BAY
UNIT

MAIN2
PROT

UU

UU

UU
MAIN1
PROT

UU

UU

BUS-2

MAIN1
PROT

MAIN2
PROT

MAIN1
PROT

MAIN2
PROT

BAY
UNIT

BAY
UNIT

BAY
UNIT

BAY
UNIT

87 DISTRIBUTED
NUMERICAL BUSBAR
PROTECTION RELAY

DOUBLE BUS WITH TB- HIGH IMPEDENCE

BUS-1

UU UU

UU

UU

UU

BUS-2

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

89A

89A

89A

89B

89B

89C
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

89C
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

89B
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

89A

89A

89B

89B

89C
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

89C
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

87BB
CHECK

87BB
BUS1
87BB
BUS2
87BB
BUS3

DOUBLE BUS WITH TB- LOW IMPEDENCE

BUS-1

UU

UU

UU

BUS-2

89A

89B

89B

89C
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

89C
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

89B
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

89A

89A

89A

89A

89B

89B

89C
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

89C
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

87BB
BUS1
87BB
BUS2
87BB
BUS3

DOUBLE BUS WITH TB- NUMERIC(1)

BUS-1

UU

UU

UU

BUS-2

UU

UU

UU

UU

UU

89A

89A

89A

89A

89A

89B

89B

89B

89B

89C
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

89C
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

89B
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

89C
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

89C
ISOLATOR
SELECTION

DOUBLE BUS WITH TB- NUMERIC(2)

BUS-1

UU

UU

UU

BUS-2

BAY
UNIT

BAY
UNIT

BAY
UNIT

89A
89B
89C

UU

UU
BAY
UNIT

89A
89B
89C

89A
89B

UU
89A
89B
89C

89A
89B
89C

UU

UU

BAY
UNIT

BAY
UNIT

87 BB DISTRIBUTED NUMERICAL BUSBAR

PROTECTION

DOUBLE BUS WITH TB- NUMERIC(2)

BUS-1

UU

UU

UU

BUS-2

89A
89B
89C

UU

UU
89A
89B
89C

89A
89B

UU
89A
89B
89C

89A
89B
89C

UU

UU

87 BB NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUSBAR

PROTECTION

ONE AND HALF CB SYSTEM HIGH IMPEDANCE

87BB1-MAINBB1 PROTECTION

87BB1-CHECKBB1 PROTECTION

19-52

UU
20-52

UU

21-CT

21-52

16-52

13-52

UU
14-52

UU
15-52

UU

10-52

UU
11-52

UU

8-52

UU
9-52

12-52

5-52

UU
6-52

17-52

7-52

UU

2-52

UU

18-CT

19-CT

UU

3-52

16-CT

UU

15-CT

UU

12-CT

UU

UU

9-CT

UU

UU

6-CT

UU

UU

3-CT

10-CT 13-CT

UU

4-52

UU

UU

7-CT

18-52

1-52

UU

4-CT

UU

UU

1-CT

UU

UU

BUS-1

BUS-2

87BB2-MAINBB2 PROTECTION

87BB2-CHECKBB2 PROTECTION

BUS-2

87 BB2
BUS BAR-2 PROTECTION

UU

10-CT

UU

13-CT

UU

16-CT

UU

UU

12-CT

UU

15-CT

UU

18-CT

UU

12-52

15-52

18-52

21-52

20-52

17-52

14-52

11-52

19-CT

7-CT

9-CT

19-52

16-52

13-52

10-52

7-52

4-52

1-52

87 BB1

21-CT

UU

UU

9-52
8-52

4-CT

UU

1-CT

UU

6-CT

5-52

2-52

UU

3-CT

UU

6-52

3-52

ONE AND HALF CB SYSTEM LOW IMPEDANCE

BUS BAR-1 PROTECTION

BUS-1

DISTRIBUTED LBB & NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUS BAR PROTECTION

(REB 500) ABB

(7 SS 52) SIEMENS

(MICOM P740) AREVA

OR

OR

OR

OR

14-52
15-52

13-52

11-52

10-52

BUS-2

12-52

7-52
8-52
9-52

5-52
6-52

4-52

2-52
3-52

1-52

BUS-1

NUMERICAL BUSBAR SCHEME INCL LBB/BFR/CBF

(DECENTRALISED & CENTRALISED CONCEPTS)
FO

(REB 500) ABB

MAIN CB LBB

OR

(7 SS 52) SIEMENS
FO
OR

TIE CB LBB

OR
(MICOM P740) AREVA

MAIN CB LBB

FO

LBB TO BUSBAR
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

CENTRALISED CONCEPT

87 BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

NUMERICAL CENTRALISED CONCEPT

DECENTRALISED CONCEPT

LBB

LBB

LBB

LBB INBUILT FEATURE

OR

NUMERICAL BUSBAR SCHEME INCL LBB/BFR/CBF

(DECENTRALISED CONCEPT- DUPLICATE )
DECENTRALISED CONCEPT

(REB 500) ABB

DECENTRALISED CONCEPT
FO

FO

(REB 500) ABB

MAIN CB LBB
MAIN CB LBB

OR

FO

(7 SS 52) SIEMENS

(7 SS 52) SIEMENS

TIE CB LBB

FO

OR

OR

OR

TIE CB LBB

(MICOM P740) AREVA

(MICOM P740) AREVA

MAIN CB LBB
MAIN CB LBB
FO

LBB TO BUSBAR
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

FO

LBB TO BUSBAR
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

NUMERICAL BUSBAR SCHEME INCL LBB/BFR/CBF

(CENTRALISED CONCEPT - DUPLICATE)
CENTRALISED CONCEPT

LBB
LBB

LBB

LBB

LBB

LBB INBUILT FEATURE

LBB

87 BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

NUMERICAL CENTRALISED CONCEPT

87 BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

NUMERICAL CENTRALISED CONCEPT

CENTRALISED CONCEPT

LBB INBUILT FEATURE

PROTECTION OF RING BUS SYSTEM

87 BB3
UU

UU

UU
UU

UU

87 BB4

UU
UU

87 BB1
FEEDER1

87 BB2

FEEDER3
UU

FEEDER4

FEEDER2

BUS BAR PROTECTION

INITIATE ALL CBs TRIP UNITS CONNECTED TO THIS BUS AND OPERATE.

RED 521
ACTIVE

START

TRIP

TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB

TO TRIP COIL-2 CONCERNED BAY CB
TO CLOSE CIRCUIT INTERLOCK OF CONCERN CB
DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-1 TO OTHER END
DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-2 TO OTHER END

DISPLAY

TO LBB/BFR INITIATION
FROM LBB/BFR TO BUS BAR TRIPPING

TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-1

TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-2

TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )

INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME)

INITIATE ALL CBs TRIP UNITS CONNECTED TO THIS BUS AND OPERATE.

REB 670
ACTIVE

START

TRIP

TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB

TO TRIP COIL-2 CONCERNED BAY CB
TO CLOSE CIRCUIT INTERLOCK OF CONCERN CB
DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-1 TO OTHER END
DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-2 TO OTHER END

DISPLAY

TO LBB/BFR INITIATION
FROM LBB/BFR TO BUS BAR TRIPPING

TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-1

TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-2

TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )

INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME)

87 BUSBAR PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB

BAY2 CB PANEL

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96BB) FOR
BAY2

TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB

BAY3 CB PANEL

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96 BB) FOR
BAY3

TRIP FROM 50 LBB

87 BUSBAR

TO START 50 LBB

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96 BB) FOR
BAY4

BAY4 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96BB)FOR
BAY5

BAY5 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96 BB) FOR
BAY6

BAY6 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB

+VE

BUSBAR PANEL

FOR SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96BB) FOR
BAY1

BAY1 CR PANEL

96 BB (MASTER TRIP RELAY) OPERATION

PB

RESET

-VE

87 BUSBAR
OPERATED
TO D/T-1

FROM LBB

TO D/T-2
TO ANNUN
TO CL I/L
TO LBB
TO SER
TO TC-1

TO TC-2
TO M1 DR
TO M2 DR

96 BB MASTER TRIP RELAY

FOR SINGLE BUS SYSTEM,

ONE & HALF CB SYSTEM,
DOUBLE CB & DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM
& RING MAIN BUS SYTEM

+VE

96 BB (MASTER TRIP RELAY) OPERATION

PB

87A

89A

87B

89B

87C
89C
BUSBAR ISOLATOR
RELAYS SELECTION

FROM LBB

FROM LBB

RESET

-VE

OPERATED
TO D/T-1
TO D/T-2
TO ANNUN
TO CL I/L
TO LBB
TO SER
TO TC-1

IF BUS-1 IS OPERATED THE

FEEDERS CONNECTED TO
BUS BAR-1WILL BE OPTD
BASED ON THE ISOLATOR
SELECTION. SIMILARLY FOR
BUS-2 & BUS-3 & ANY NO OF
BUSES ONLY, EXPECT ONE
AND HALF CB SYSTEM,
DOUBLE CB SYSTEM & RING
BUS SYTEM.

TO TC-2
TO M1 DR
TO M2 DR

96 BB MASTER TRIP RELAY

FOR SINLE BUS AND TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM

FOR DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM
FOR DOUBLE BUS & BYPASS ISO SYSTEM
DOUBLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM
TRIPPLE BUS SYTEM
TRIPPLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM &
QUAD BUS SYTEM
(DOUBLE BUS WITH CB SECTIONALISER)

+VE

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96BB) FOR
BAY1

BAY1 CR PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB

BAY4 CB PANEL

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96BB) FOR
BAY4

TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB

BAY7 CB PANEL

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96 BB) FOR
BAY7

TRIP FROM 50 LBB

87 BUSBAR

TO START 50 LBB

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96 BB) FOR
BAY10

BAY10 CB PANEL

87 BB-1

TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96BB)FOR
BAY13

BAY13 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96 BB) FOR
BAY16

BAY16 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB

+VE

BUSBAR PANEL

FOR ONE & HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM

87BB-1 BUSBAR PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96BB) FOR
BAY3

BAY3 CR PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB

BAY6 CB PANEL

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96BB) FOR
BAY6

TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB

BAY9 CB PANEL

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96 BB) FOR
BAY9

TRIP FROM 50 LBB

87 BUSBAR

TO START 50 LBB

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96 BB) FOR
BAY12

BAY12 CB PANEL

87 BB-2

TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96BB)FOR
BAY15

BAY15 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
(96 BB) FOR
BAY18

BAY18 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB

+VE

BUSBAR PANEL

FOR ONE & HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM

87BB-2 BUSBAR PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

UTILISATION RECOMMENDATIONS

BUSBAR protection must be provided in all new 400kV and

220kV Substations as well as Generating Station Switchyards.
For existing Substations, provision of BUSBAR Protection is
must & considered at 400kV level and at 220kV level.
In case of radially fed 220kV Substations, having more than
one bus it is desirable to have BUSBAR Protection, but it is an
Option.
For Substations of High strategic importance i.e. 765KV or
400KV Systems, the complete Bus bar protection can be fully
duplicated for Back-up Protection.

Dedicated Protections invariably employ separate DC circuits

and CT cores. They send trip impulses to separate trip coils
and use separate isolator position auxiliary contacts. Cross
tripping of both trip coils is also done.