1.

Which of the following keywords are required in any PL/SQL block? (Choose all that
apply.)
A. DECLARE
B. BEGIN
C. EXCEPTION
D. END

2.

What is wrong with the following code? (Choose all that apply.)
DECLARE
v_answer VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
v_answer + v_result := v_one / v_two;
END;
A.
B.
C.
D.

Three variables need to be declared.

You cannot use two variables on the left side of an assignment statement.
You cannot use the slash in an expression.
Nothing is wrong with this code.

3.

Assuming the existence of an explicit cursor named ships and a declared

%ROWTYPE variable named current_ship, which of the following FETCH statements
are correct? (Choose all that apply.)
A. FETCH ships INTO current_ship%ROWTYPE;
B. FETCH ships INTO current_ship.SHIP_ID;
C. FETCH current_ship INTO ships;
D. None of the above.

4.

What will happen when the following code is executed? (Choose all that apply.)
DECLARE
CURSOR cur_cruises IS
SELECT CRUISE
FROM CRUISES;
rec_cruises cur_cruises%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN cur_cruises;
SELECT CRUISE
INTO rec_cruises
FROM CRUISES;
CLOSE cur_cruises;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
INSERT INTO ERRORS
(ERROR_ID, MESSAGE)
VALUES
(SEQ_ERROR_ID.NEXTVAL,'Something is wrong');
COMMIT;

END;
A. Nothing, the code will not parse correctly.
B. The TOO_MANY_ROWS exception will be raised, which is not handled, and
the PL/SQL code will terminate with an error message.
C. It depends on how many rows are in the database.
D. The message, Something is wrong, will definitely be inserted into the
ERRORS table.
5.

Which of the following is not a cursor attribute? (Choose all that apply.)
A. %ISOPEN
B. %ISNOTOPEN
C. %FOUND
D. %NOTFOUND

6.

What will happen when the following code is executed?

BEGIN
CREATE TABLE HOLIDAYS
(HOLIDAY_ID NUMBER(3),
HOLIDAY

VARCHAR2(30));

END;
A. The HOLIDAYS table will be created.
B. The TOO_MANY_ROWS exception will be raised, but since it's not handled,
nothing will happen.
C. A parsing error will occur.
D. The table will be created, but won't be declared since it isn't created in the
DECLARE section.
7.

Which of the following are valid names for program units? (Choose all that apply.)
A. PROCESS_ORDER
B. SETUP-THE-DATABASE
C. 100_SAMPLE_RECORDS
D. GET_ORDER_#

8.

Consider the following code sample:

DECLARE
total_cabins NUMBER(5) := 250;
booked_cabins NUMBER(5);
no_vacancies EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
booked_cabins := 250;
DECLARE
booked_cabins CONSTANT NUMBER(5) := 199;
BEGIN
IF (booked_cabins >= total_cabins)
THEN
RAISE no_vacancies;
END IF;
EXCEPTION

WHEN no_vacancies THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inner block says: no vacancies');
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Complete');
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_vacancies THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Outer block says: no vacancies.');
END;
/
What will be the result when this code is executed?
A. Inner block says: no vacancies.
B. Outer block says: no vacancies.
C. Complete.
D. An unhandled exception message.
9.

You have created a PL/SQL block that declares variables using the %TYPE feature.
When you created the block, the column upon which you based the %TYPE
declaration had a datatype of NUMBER, but since you first created the block, it has
been altered to have a datatype of VARCHAR2. Which of the following system-defined
exceptions is most likely to occur in your block if you were you to execute the block
now without modification?
A. NO_DATA_FOUND
B. VALUE_ERROR
C. PROGRAM_ERROR
D. VALUE_CONFLICT

10. How many passes through the loop will occur? (Choose all that apply.)
DECLARE
FOR rec_ships IN (SELECT SHIP_ID FROM SHIPS)
LOOP
IF (rec_ships.SHIP_ID = 1)
THEN
EXIT;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END;
/
A. Once for each record in the SHIPS table.
B. Only one. The EXIT will execute on the first record returned.
C. None, this code won't parse since you can't have an EXIT statement in a
Cursor FOR LOOP.
D. None of the above.
Answers

1.

B, D. BEGIN and END

Explanation Only BEGIN and END are required. DECLARE is only used in anonymous
blocks that require elements to be declared. EXCEPTION is only used when exception
handlers are specified.
2.

A, B. A: Three variables need to be declared. B: You cannot use two variables on the left side
of an assignment statement.
Explanation Any and all variables and constants that are used in a PL/SQL block must be
declared. In this example, only the variable v_answer is declared. The others, v_result, v_one,
and v_two, all need to be declared. The left side of the assignment statement is the target of
the assignment, and therefore must be one single variable. The slash is the symbol for
division and is completely acceptable.

3.

D. None of the above.

Explanation The proper FETCH statement is FETCH ships INTO current_ship;

4.

C. It depends on how many rows are in the database.

Explanation Note that the explicit cursor, which is opened and closed, is never fetched.
Instead, an implicit cursor has been slipped in between the OPEN and CLOSE statements. If
there are no rows in the CRUISES table, then the NO_DATA_FOUND exception will be
automatically raised by the system. That exception is not handled, but the WHEN OTHERS
exception handler will catch the exception, and the message, Something is wrong, will be
stored in the ERRORS table. On the other hand, if there is one single row in the CRUISES
table, then the SELECT INTO will execute fine, placing the single row's column values into
the rec_cruises variable, and no exception is raised. Finally, if the table has more than one
row, then the TOO_MANY_ROWS exception will be raised, which is not handled, but once
again the WHEN OTHERS exception handler will catch the exception, and the message,
Something is wrong, will be stored in the ERRORS table.

5.

B. %ISNOTOPEN
Explanation The four attributes are %ISOPEN, %FOUND, %NOTFOUND, and
%ROWCOUNT. There is no such thing as %ISNOTOPEN.

6.

C. A parsing error will occur.

Explanation The block is attempting to execute a DDL statement, and DDL statements aren't
allowed in PL/SQL. Note, however, that there is a special package in PL/SQL that will support
the execution of DDL statements by building them as text strings and sending them off to the
database in another manner. But that is not what is being performed here.

7.

A, D. PROCESS_ORDER and GET_ORDER_#

Explanation B is not allowed because of the use of hyphens. C is not allowed because
names of program units cannot begin with numbers.

8.

C. Complete.
Explanation A would have been correct had the IF statement evaluated to TRUE. Even
though the user-defined exception is defined in the outer block, it is global to the inner block,
and the inner block's exception handler will recognize the RAISE statement. If the RAISE
statement would be executed, then the inner block's exception handler would have handled
the exception, and the outer block's exception handler would never have been relevant, so B
is not true. And since the user-defined exceptions are handled in both blocks, then D is not

true. But C is true because the IF statement considers booked_cabins as the locally declared
constant with a value of 199 and total_cabins as the globally declared variable with a value of
250. The comparison in the IF statement evaluates to FALSE, and the inner block completes,
followed by the statement that prints the word Complete.
9.

B. VALUE_ERROR
Explanation A occurs when you write an implicit cursor that attempts to SELECT INTO a
variable, but the SELECT returns no rows. C generally indicates some sort of major system
bug. D is not a system-defined exception; I just made that up, but get used to that. Oracle
loves to make up bogus names like this on the real OCP. The answer is B because
VALUE_ERROR occurs when datatype conflicts exist, and if you've written code that was
expecting a NUMBER datatype that is now a VARCHAR2 datatype, then datatype conflicts
within your code are possible.

10. D. None of the above.

Explanation You really can't tell how many passes through the loop will occur. A is wrong.
The IF statement will EXIT upon the first occurrence of a rec_ships.SHIP_ID of 1, but you
cannot be sure of B since you really have no way of knowing when that will occur. And C is
just completely wrong. Although there are some people in the business who say that the use
of an EXIT in a Cursor FOR LOOP is ill-advised, it's accepted by the parser. D is the answer,
since the number of rows returned will be all of the rows defined in the SELECT statement
until the first occurrence of rec_ships.SHIP_ID is equal to 1, which could be any time, if ever;
perhaps that value never occurs. D is the answer.

11. You want to create a procedure that will take a parameter named salary_amount
whose value will be defined by the calling block. Assuming any database object
references below are accurate, which of the following parameter declarations are
acceptable? (Choose all that apply.)
A. salary_amount OUT EMPLOYEES.BONUS%TYPE
B. salary_amount IN OUT NUMBER(2)
C. salary_amount OUT VARCHAR2(30)
D. salary_amount EMPLOYEES.SALARY%ROWTYPE
E. None of the above
12. You are working with a procedure that is declared with the following header:
PROCEDURE PROC_HIRE_EMPLOYEE
(

p_employee_id NUMBER
, p_hire_date

DATE

DEFAULT LAST_DAY(SYSDATE)

, p_lastname

VARCHAR2

, p_firstname

VARCHAR2

, p_results

OUT BOOLEAN)

IS
Assuming that any of the following variables are properly declared, which of the
following is an acceptable call to this procedure? (Choose all that apply.)
A. PROC_HIRE_EMPLOYEE(p_lastname Jones, p_firstname Joe);
B. PROC_HIRE_EMPLOYEE(Joe,Jones, TRUE);
C. PROC_HIRE_EMPLOYEE(p_firstname Joe, p_lastname Jones, v_answer);
D. PROC_HIRE_EMPLOYEE(101, 03-JAN-2003, Jones, Joe, v_result);
13. A procedure called PROC_SHIPPING, with no declared parameters, is already stored
in the database, but has a status of INVALID. What will happen when you execute the
following statement in SQL*Plus? (Note: NULL is a valid PL/SQL statement.)
CREATE PROCEDURE PROC_CHECK_SHIPPING
IS
BEGIN
NULL;
END PROC_CHECK_SHIPPING;
A. The procedure will overwrite the existing stored procedure, and the new status
will be VALID.
B. The attempt to create the procedure will fail due to a syntax error: The
procedure name cannot be repeated after the END statement.
C. The attempt to create the procedure will fail due to an error: You cannot create
a procedure when another already exists with the same name.
D. The procedure will overwrite the existing stored procedure, but the status will
still be INVALID.
14. You've created a stored procedure called ADD_EMPLOYEES that includes an INSERT
statement for a table called EMPLOYEES. After you successfully store the procedure,
you ALTER the EMPLOYEES table by dropping a column from the table. However, this
new column isn't referenced in your procedure. What must you now do to guarantee
that the procedure has a status of VALID? (Choose all that apply.)
A. ALTER PROCEDURE ADD_EMPLOYEES COMPILE;

B. ALTER PROCEDURE ADD_EMPLOYEES RECOMPILE;

C. ALTER PROCEDURE ADD_EMPLOYEES;
D. Nothing
15. You want to get rid of a procedure you no longer use called PROC_OBSOLETE. How
do you do it?
A. DELETE PROCEDURE PROC_OBSOLETE;
B. DROP PROCEDURE PROC_OBSOLETE;
C. DROP PROCEDURE PROC_OBSOLETE CASCADE;
D. DROP PROCEDURE PROC_OBSOLETE CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
16. You have created a procedure and attempted to store it in the database using the
CREATE PROCEDURE command. When you submitted it to the database, you
received a syntax error. From the perspective of the schema that attempted the
creation, which of the following data dictionary objects now contains the source code
for this procedure? (Choose all that apply.)
A. None of them
B. USER_SOURCE
C. ALL_SOURCE
D. DBA_SOURCE
17. You submit the following code to the SQL*Plus interface:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PROC_HIRE_EMPLOYEE
(

p_employee_id IN NUMBER DEFAULT SEQ_CUSTOMER_ID.NEXTVAL

, p_hire_date

IN DATE

DEFAULT (SYSDATE+2)

, p_lastname

IN VARCHAR2

, p_result

OUT BOOLEAN)

IS
BEGIN
IF (p_result IS NULL)
THEN
p_lastname := 'Smith';
END IF;
END;
Why will this procedure be given a status of INVALID? (Choose all that apply.)
A. The IF statement cannot refer to p_result yet because its parameter declaration
has no DEFAULT value.
B. The assignment of Smith to the p_lastname variable is not an option because
p_lastname is an IN parameter.
C. The p_employee_id parameter cannot use a SEQUENCE in its DEFAULT value
expression.
D. The p_hire_date parameter cannot be assigned a default value of
SYSDATE+2.
18. You have created a procedure and stored it in the database under your own schema.
Assuming you were to grant the required privileges, which of the following could
invoke your procedure? (Choose all that apply.)
A. Another stored procedure in your own schema
B. Another stored procedure in a different schema, but in the same database
C. A procedure stored in an Oracle Form, located on a client machine on your

network and logged in to a different schema in your database

D. An anonymous PL/SQL block, saved in a text file, and executed in a SQL*Plus
session that's logged in as your own schema
19. You are logged in to the SQL*Plus interface and want to invoke a procedure called
PROC_UPDATE_STATUS that takes no parameters. From the SQL prompt, how can
you execute this procedure? (Choose all that apply.)
A. EXEC PROC_UPDATE_STATUS;
B. EXECUTE PROC_UPDATE_STATUS();
C. BEGIN
PROC_UPDATE_STATUS;
END;
/
D. EXEC PROC_UPDATE_STATUS();
20. Assume the following procedure is stored in the database:
PROCEDURE PROCESS_ORDER
(ORDER_ID
SALES_REP

NUMBER,
VARCHAR2)

IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO ORDERS VALUES (ORDER_ID, SALES_REP);
END;
Assuming that the variable v_lastname has been properly declared, which of the
following calls to this procedure will parse within a PL/SQL block and execute
correctly without producing an error?
A. PROCESS_ORDER(101, Jones);
B. PROCESS_ORDER(101, v_lastname);
C. PROCESS_ORDER(101, SYSDATE);
D. PROCESS_ORDER(101, Jones);
Answers

11. E. None of the above

Explanation A is bad since it's only an OUT parameter. B is unacceptable because the
NUMBER(2) datatype is invalid; no precision is allowed in parameter datatype declarations. C
is unusable because it's only an OUT parameter and the VARCHAR2(30) defines length,
which is unacceptable. D defaults as an IN parameter, which is acceptable, but the use of
%ROWTYPE is invalid; the %TYPE attribute would have been preferable.
12. D. PROC_HIRE_EMPLOYEE(101, 03-JAN-2003, Jones, Joe, v_result);
Explanation A isn't good since there's no provision for the OUT parameter p_results. B isn't
good for many reasons, but the first is that values are passed by positional notation instead of
named notation, so the first value of Joe is sent to the parameter p_employee_id, but that
parameter will only accept values of the datatype NUMBER. C would work except it combines
passing parameters by positional notation and named notation, and this isn't acceptable if the
named notation precedes the positional notation. D works, since values are passed by
positional notation, and the final OUT parameter is provided a variable.

13. C. The attempt to create the procedure will fail due to an error: You cannot create a procedure
when another already exists with the same name.
Explanation If the statement used the OR REPLACE option, it would have worked. But it
certainly may repeat the name of the procedure after the END statement. In fact, that's
considered good design.
14. A, D. A: ALTER PROCEDURE ADD_EMPLOYEES COMPILE; D: Nothing
Explanation Regardless of what change was made to the table EMPLOYEES, and
regardless of what specific action the procedure takes on that table, the fact is that if the table
is used in any SQL statement from within the procedure, and if any ALTER is issued on the
table, then the procedure should be recompiled. However, in reality, Oracle will automatically
attempt to recompile the procedure on its next invocation, and since the procedure doesn't
even reference the column, then the procedure will recompile fine at that time. The proper
syntax for performing the recompilation is A, with the COMPILE keyword. There is no
RECOMPILE keyword.
15. B. DROP PROCEDURE PROC_OBSOLETE;
Explanation No special keywords are required other than these. DELETE applies to tables
whose records you wish to remove, but DROP is always used to eliminate a database object
altogether.
16. B, C, D. B: USER_SOURCE
C: ALL_SOURCE
D: DBA_SOURCE
Explanation Any attempt of CREATE PROCEDURE will move source code into this set of
data dictionary views, regardless of whether or not the attempt was successful.
17. B, C. B: The assignment of Smith to the p_lastname variable is not an option because
p_lastname is an IN parameter. C: The p_employee_id parameter cannot use a SEQUENCE
in its DEFAULT value expression.
Explanation No IN parameters can be assigned values, and SEQUENCE generators are not
allowed in DEFAULT value declarations for parameters. What A says is true, but not for the
reason given; p_result should not be referenced because it is an OUT parameter, not an IN
parameter, and it hasn't been assigned a value yet. As an OUT parameter, it cannot be
assigned a DEFAULT value, but once the executable statements of the procedure begin, it
can be assigned a value with a standard PL/SQL assignment statement. After that, it can be
referenced in an IF statement. And D is allowable.
18. A, B, C, D. A: Another stored procedure in your own schema. B: Another stored procedure in a
different schema, but in the same database. C: A procedure stored in an Oracle Form, located
on a client machine on your network and logged in to a different schema in your database. D:
An anonymous PL/SQL block, saved in a text file, and executed in a SQL*Plus session that's
logged in as your own schema
Explanation A and D are true without any additional granting of privileges. B and C are true
provided that you grant privileges to the appropriate schema first. (Note: the topic of granting
privileges was introduced in this chapter, and will be explored in depth in Chapter 9.)
19. A, B, C, D.

A: EXEC PROC_UPDATE_STATUS;
B: EXECUTE PROC_UPDATE_STATUS();
C: BEGIN
PROC_UPDATE_STATUS;
END;
/
D: EXEC PROC_UPDATE_STATUS();
Explanation C is a standard call from an anonymous PL/SQL block. A, B, and D are all
acceptable SQL calls. When the procedure has no parameters, parentheses are not normally
used, but are accepted.
20. A, B, C.
A: PROCESS_ORDER('101', 'Jones');
B: PROCESS_ORDER('101', v_lastname);
C: PROCESS_ORDER(101, SYSDATE);
Explanation Thanks to Oracle's tendency to perform automatic datatype conversions, the
character string 101 will be converted to a numeric value in A and B. And although it's a little
silly for C to pass in the current system date as the value for the SALES_REP parameter,
nevertheless it will work. But D will not work because Jones is not enclosed in single quotes.

10

21. You have created a function called GET_TOTAL that takes no parameters. Assuming
that any other variables are properly declared, which of the following PL/SQL
statements includes a successful call to this function?
A. GET_TOTAL;
B. v_total := GET_TOTAL();
C. IF (GET_TOTAL = 101)
D. v_total := GET_TOTAL;
22. Consider the following code sample:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GET_TOTAL
(cruise_id IN OUT NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
total NUMBER(10);
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO total
FROM CRUISES
WHERE CRUISE_ID = cruise_id;
END;
/
What will happen when you submit this to the SQL*Plus client interface? (Choose all
that apply.)
A. You will receive a parsing error because of the IN OUT parameter type, which is
unacceptable in functions.
B. You will receive a parsing error because there is no RETURN statement at the
end.
C. You will receive a parsing error because the parameter cruise_id cannot have
the same name as the column CRUISE_ID in the CRUISES table.
D. You will receive the Function created message.
23. You have created a function called CUSTOMER_BALANCE, as follows:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION CUSTOMER_BALANCE
(p_customer_id NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
order_amount NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(ORDER_AMOUNT)
INTO order_amount
FROM ORDERS
WHERE CUSTOMER_ID = p_customer_id;
RETURN order_amount;

11

END;
/
You store the function in the database, it compiles successfully, and you test its
execution to demonstrate that it works as expected. Two weeks later, you issue the
following command to the database:
ALTER TABLE ORDERS ADD ORDER_STATUS VARCHAR2(1);
Once this has been done, which of the following statements will now produce an error
message?
A. ALTER FUNCTION CUSTOMER_BALANCE();
B. SELECT CUSTOMER_BALANCE FROM DUAL;
C. ALTER FUNCTION CUSTOMER_BALANCE COMPILE;
D. ALTER FUNCTION CUSTOMER BALANCE RECOMPILE;
24. You have stored a function in the database with the following header:
FUNCTION CALCULATE_DISCOUNT
RETURN BOOLEAN
IS
Assuming it has been successfully compiled and has a status of VALID, which of the
following statements is true? (Choose all that apply.)
A. It can be called from a SQL statement.
B. It can be called from a PL/SQL expression.
C. You can execute it with the SQL*Plus EXEC command.
D. It takes no parameters.
25. You have stored a function in the database with the following header:
FUNCTION GET_BOOKINGS(guest_id IN NUMBER DEFAULT 0)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
Assuming that any referenced variables are properly declared, which of the following
calls to this function will produce an error message? (Choose all that apply.)
A. SELECT GET_BOOKINGS(guest_id => 101) FROM DUAL;
B. SELECT GET_BOOKINGS(p_guest_id => 101) FROM DUAL;
C. v_answer := GET_BOOKINGS(101);
D. v_answer := GET_BOOKINGS;
26. You are creating a new function with the following header and declaration section:
FUNCTION EMPLOYEE_HIRE_DATE
(p_employee_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN DATE
IS
v_date DATE;
BEGIN
Which of the following RETURN statements will be accepted by the compiler for this
function? (Choose all that apply.)
A. RETURN SYSDATE;

12

B. RETURN No date was found;

C. RETURN v_date;
D. RETURN;
27. You submit the following command to the SQL*Plus interface:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GET_CEO_NAME
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
BEGIN
RETURN 'Dale Houser';
END;
/
Once you have submitted this to the database, which of the following is true?
A. The function is stored in the data dictionary but not yet compiled.
B. The function is stored and compiled but not yet executed.
C. The function is stored, compiled, and executed.
D. The function cannot be stored because of a syntax error.
28. Consider the following call to a PL/SQL program unit:
FUNC_IDENTIFY_CRUISE(101);
Assuming this statement compiles and executes accurately, which of the following can
be said about this program unit? (Choose all that apply.)
A. It takes only one parameter.
B. It is not a function.
C. It returns a value, although we can't be sure which one.
D. The parameter represented by the value 101 is an IN parameter.
29. You have two functions stored in the database: one called CABIN_STATUS with the
following header:
FUNCTION CABIN_STATUS (p_guest_name VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'none')
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
and another called GUEST_NAME with the following header:
FUNCTION GUEST_NAME (p_guest_id NUMBER DEFAULT 0)
RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
Assuming you have a third PL/SQL program unit, with a declared variable called
v_answer VARCHAR2(80), which of the following PL/SQL statements are syntactically
valid from your third program unit?
A. v_answer := cabin_status guest_name;
B. v_answer := cabin_status(guest_name);
C. v_answer := SUBSTR(cabin_status,1,1) INSTR(guest_name,1);
D. v_answer := guest_name(cabin_status);
30. You have stored a function in an Oracle Form. From where can you invoke the
function? (Choose all that apply.)
A. From a stored procedure in the database
13

B. From a procedure stored in the same Oracle Form in which the function is
stored
C. From a procedure in a different Oracle Form in which the function is stored
D. From an anonymous block in a text file that you execute from within the
SQL*Plus interface
Answers

21. B, C, D. B: v_total := GET_TOTAL();

C: IF (GET_TOTAL = 101)
D: v_total := GET_TOTAL;
Explanation A would work if GET_TOTAL were a procedure, but this doesn't work for
functions. B is not usually used in PL/SQL, but it is actually accepted and will not produce an
error.
22. D. You will receive the Function created message.
Explanation A is wrong because IN OUT parameters are declarable, although not usually
useful, in functions. B is wrong because you can create a function without a RETURN
statement, but you can't use it; the error will appear in execution. C is wrong because you are
allowed to create variables whose names happen to match names of columns in the table;
however, at execution, the SELECT statement will assume that both references to cruise_id
are the column in the table, every row will return a TRUE as far as the SELECT statement is
concerned, and the incoming parameter will be ignored. In other words, the SELECT
statement will return each row from the CRUISES table where the value in the cruise_id
column matches itself, and this will be true for every column. So although the function will
compile, it will be logically erroneous, and besides, it doesn't RETURN anything, so it won't
work anyway. However, it will be successfully stored in the database with a VALID status.
23. A, D. A: ALTER FUNCTION CUSTOMER_BALANCE(); D: ALTER FUNCTION CUSTOMER
BALANCE RECOMPILE;
Explanation Remember the question: which answers will produce an error? B will not
produce an error messageeven though the function has a status of INVALID after the
change to the ORDERS table, it will still execute, but only after it is automatically recompiled
by the system. Furthermore, the recompilation will be successful because the change to the
ORDERS table will not produce an error in the function's recompilation. C will successfully
recompile the function, but D is the correct answer to the question because the RECOMPILE
directive doesn't exist, and A is bad syntax.
24. B, D. B: It can be called from a PL/SQL expression. D: It takes no parameters.
Explanation A is not true because the function returns a datatype of BOOLEAN, which is not
recognized in SQL. C is not true because the EXEC command is only used with procedures.
25. A, B. A: SELECT GET_BOOKINGS(guest_id => 101) FROM DUAL;
B: SELECT GET_BOOKINGS(p_guest_id => 101) FROM DUAL;
Explanation Both answers are unacceptable because passing parameters by named notation
is not enabled from SQL statements. C is correct, and so is D, which will take advantage of
the default value.

14

A, B, C. A: RETURN SYSDATE;
26. B: RETURN No date was found;
C: RETURN v_date;
Explanation D is an incomplete statement. Note that upon execution, B will fail, but it will
compile correctly since the parser recognizes that a string literal could, theoretically, contain a
valid date, such as 01-JAN-2003. Even though the string literal clearly does not contain a
valid date in this example, the parser cannot recognize this fact; it is not until execution that
the string literal is actually inspected for automatic datatype conversion.
27. B. The function is stored and compiled but not yet executed.
Explanation There are no syntax errors with this function. The command is to CREATE OR
REPLACE the function but not to execute it.
28. B, D. B: It is not a function. D: The parameter represented by the value 101 is an IN
parameter.
Explanation Gotcha! Trick question! Or maybe we didn't get you this program unit must be
a procedure. Functions, regardless of what prefix they are given, cannot be invoked as a
single executable statement. So this must be a procedure. A is not necessarily truethis
procedure could have more parameters defined for it, provided those parameters have default
values, in which case the additional parameters just aren't required in this particular call to the
program unit. C cannot be true because only functions really RETURN a value. Procedures
can be compiled with a RETURN statement, and they will execute, but the RETURN
statement in a procedure has no more effect than merely stopping execution of the procedure;
it won't actually return anything. D must be true because the value 101 is a literal, and literals
can only be provided for IN parameters. OUT and IN OUT parameters must have a
mechanism to send back the data, such as a variable.
A, B, C, D. A: v_answer := cabin_status guest_name;
29. B: v_answer := cabin_status(guest_name);
C: v_answer := SUBSTR(cabin_status,1,1) INSTR(guest_name,1);
D: v_answer := guest_name(cabin_status);
Explanation A is okay because both cabin_status and guest_discount return VARCHAR2,
and this is a simple string concatenation. B is okay because guest_discount has a default
value for its parameter and returns a VARCHAR2, which is being passed to cabin_status as
its parameter value. C is okay because the results of both functions are having standard SQL
string functions applied to them. D is troublesome, but will be accepted by the compiler since
the parser recognizes that the VARCHAR2 datatype returned by the function cabin_status
might successfully convert in an automatic datatype conversion to the NUMBER datatype
required by the guest_discount function.
30. B. From a procedure stored in the same Oracle Form in which the function is stored
Explanation A is not true because no database program unit can access a program unit
stored in any client software. C is not true; no program unit in a Form can access any other
program unit stored in another Form. (However, note that if the function were stored in a
PL/SQL library that was shared between the Forms, then the answer would be yes.) D is false
for the same reason that A is false.

15

31. The database contains a package called marketing, but it does not contain any
program units called update_status. However, there is a procedure stored in the
database called update_status that isn't part of any package. Now, consider the
following code sample:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE daily_batch
IS
BEGIN
marketing.update_status;
END;
/
What will happen when you attempt to execute this code?
A. PL/SQL will store the procedure, but it will produce an error message.
B. PL/SQL will store the procedure and will not produce an error message.
However, upon execution of daily_batch, an error message will display.
C. PL/SQL will store the procedure and will not produce an error message.
Furthermore, upon the attempt to execute the procedure daily_batch, PL/SQL
will find the program unit update_status in the package marketing, and when it
doesn't find update_status in marketing, it will execute the update_status
procedure stored in the database.
D. PL/SQL will store the procedure and will not produce an error message.
Furthermore, upon execution of daily_batch, there will be no error message.
32. What is the minimum required set of parts you must create to a build a valid package?
(Choose all that apply.)
A. A package specification
B. A package body
C. A package specification and a package body
D. A package construct
33. Assume the following package is stored in the database:
PACKAGE warehouse
AS
CURSOR cur_inventory IS
SELECT INVENTORY_ID, INVENTORY, QUANTITY
FROM

INVENTORY;

rec_inventory cur_inventory%ROWTYPE;
END warehouse;
Now consider the following anonymous PL/SQL block #1:
BEGIN
OPEN warehouse.cur_inventory;
END;
Finally, consider the anonymous PL/SQL block #2:
BEGIN
FETCH warehouse.cur_inventory INTO

16

warehouse.rec_inventory;
END;
You execute the anonymous PL/SQL block #1. Assuming you stay logged in to the
same user session, what is the result after you execute PL/SQL block #2? (Choose all
that apply.)
A. ORA-01001: invalid cursor
B. ORA-06510: PL/SQL: unhandled exception
C. PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
D. ERROR at line 1
34. Consider the following code sample:
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE SPECIFICATION acct
IS
PROCEDURE make_entry(debit IN BOOLEAN, credit IN BOOLEAN, amt

IN

NUMBER);
PROCEDURE remove_entry(entry_id NUMBER);
PROCEDURE balance_books;
END acct;
/
When you submit this code to the database, what will be the result?
A. The package specification will be stored in the data dictionary with a status of
INVALID. The package will not be successfully created.
B. The package specification will be successfully created but unable to be used
because of the BOOLEAN parameters in some of the procedures.
C. The package specification will be successfully created but unable to be used
because the package body has not yet been created.
D. The package specification will be successfully created, and other program units
that reference this package can now be successfully compiled.
35. Consider the following package specification:
PACKAGE budget_parameters
AS
PROCEDURE SET_RATIO(ratio_id NUMBER, ratio_value VARCHAR2);
FUNCTION GET_RATIO(ratio_id NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2;
END budget_parameters;
You have already stored the complete package, including the previous specification
and the appropriate package body, in the database and successfully created the
package. You have logged off and logged back into the system. You then invoke the
packaged function budget_parameters.get_ratio. Which of the following statements is
now true? (Choose all that apply.)
A. The package specification is in the SGA but not the body.
B. The procedure set_ratio can now be executed, but it could not have been
executed before the call to function get_ratio.
C. The portion of the package body containing the procedure set_ratio is in the
SGA but not the rest of the package.
17

D. The call to the procedure set_ratio will now execute faster than it would have
were the procedure set_ratio stored as a stand-alone procedure.
36. Which of the following queries produces a listing of the package specification of mkt?
A. SELECT TEXT FROM USER_SOURCE WHERE NAME = mkt AND TYPE =
PACKAGE SPECIFICATION ORDER BY LINE;
B. SELECT TEXT FROM USER_SOURCE WHERE NAME = MKT AND TYPE =
PACKAGE SPECIFICATION ORDER BY LINE;
C. SELECT TEXT FROM USER_SOURCE WHERE NAME = MKT AND TYPE =
PACKAGE ORDER BY LINE;
D. SELECT TEXT FROM USER_SOURCE WHERE NAME = mkt AND TYPE =
PACKAGE ORDER BY LINE;
37. Consider the following code:
PACKAGE accounting AS
ex_overbooked EXCEPTION;
END accounting;
The exception accounting.ex_overbooked is a
A. Public local exception
B. Public global exception
C. Private local exception
D. Private global exception
38. Consider the following code:
BEGIN
OPEN rates.cur_ledger;
END;
/
Assuming that rates is a valid stored package and that this code block successfully
executes, which of the following statements is now true? (Choose all that apply.)
A. cur_ledger is a public local construct.
B. cur_ledger is opened, but closes automatically when the previous sample
anonymous block concludes execution.
C. The cursor is now open and available for FETCH statements in other program
units.
D. cur_ledger is a private global construct.
39. Consider the following code:
PACKAGE limits AS
upper_bound NUMBER(3) := 10;
PROCEDURE initialize;
END limits;
PACKAGE BODY limits AS
PROCEDURE initialize IS
BEGIN
upper_bound := 25;
END initialize;

18

END limits;
Assume the package specification and package body for limits is stored in the
database. Now consider the following code block:
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(limits.upper_bound);
END;
/
You have just logged into the database and issued a SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
command. The next action you perform is to execute this block. What is the result?
A. 10
B. 25
C. NULL
D. PLS-00201: identifier LIMITS.UPPER_BOUND must be declared
40. Assuming you have a package called front_office, which of the following statements
are valid? (Choose all that apply.)
A. DROP PACKAGE FRONT_OFFICE COMPILE
B. DROP PACKAGE SPECIFICATION FRONT_OFFICE
C. DROP PACKAGE BODY FRONT_OFFICE
D. DROP PACKAGE FRONT_OFFICE CASCADE
Answers

31. A. PL/SQL will store the procedure, but it will produce an error message.
Explanation The packaged construct marketing.update_status must exist in order for the
CREATE PROCEDURE daily_batch statement to execute successfully. As is always the
case, the daily_batch procedure will be stored in the data dictionary regardless of the status of
the daily_batch procedure. In this case, the daily_batch procedure will be given a status of
INVALID. The existance of any stand-alone update_status procedure is irrelevant.
32. A. A package specification
Explanation To create a complete package, it is possible to simply create a package
specification. As long as the specification doesn't declare any procedures or functions but
instead declares constructs, such as variables, constants, user-defined exceptions, cursors,
and the like, then a package body is not needed.
33. C. PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
Explanation The packaged cursor is a construct that is global to the user session. Provided
that the same user is logged on, then when PL/SQL block #2 executes, it recognizes that the
cursor is already open, even though it was opened as a result of the previous PL/SQL block
#1's execution.
34. A. The package specification will be stored in the data dictionary with a status of INVALID.
The package will not be successfully created.
Explanation The word SPECIFICATION is not acceptable in the header of the package and
will produce a compilation error. However, the error will be misleadingthe compiler will
assume that SPECIFICATION is the name of your package and will fail to recognize the

19

intended name of the package, which in this example is acct. Once the word SPECIFICATION
is removed from this code, the package specification will compile accurately and can be used
to write other program units that reference these packaged constructs. The other program
units will compile correctly, but they will not successfully execute until the package body for
acct is created.
35. D. The call to the procedure set_ratio will now execute faster than it would have were the
procedure set_ratio stored as a stand-alone procedure.
Explanation Any call to any packaged construct has the effect of loading all the packaged
constructs for that package into the SGA, thus causing all future calls to those constructs to
execute faster than they would have if the individual procedures and functions were stored on
their own as stand-alone program units.
36. C. SELECT TEXT FROM USER_SOURCE WHERE NAME=MKT AND TYPE=PACKAGE
ORDER BY LINE
Explanation All object names are stored in the data dictionary in uppercase letters, and
packages are indicated with a type of PACKAGE. There is no type of PACKAGE
SPECIFICATION.
37. B. Public global exception
Explanation Because the exception is declared in a package as a separate construct (as
opposed to being defined within the definition of a packaged procedure or packaged function),
it is inherently public. Furthermore, because it is defined within the package specification, it is
public. If it were declared in the package body, it would be private.
38. C. The cursor is now open and available for FETCH statements in other program units.
Explanation The cur_ledger construct is a public global construct and is a cursor. As such, it
can be opened in one block, fetched in another, and closed in still another block.
39. A. 10
Explanation Although the procedure initialize will change the value of the variable to 25, it will
only do that once the procedure is executed. In the meantime, the public global variable
upper_bound has the value of 10.
40. C. DROP PACKAGE BODY FRONT_OFFICE
Explanation There is no DROP PACKAGE SPECIFICATION command, and the reserved
words COMPILE and CASCADE aren't relevant to the DROP statement. The command
DROP PACKAGE BODY FRONT_OFFICE will remove the package body from the package
front_office and leave the package specification alone.

20

41. You want to create a trigger that will store the name of the Oracle schema that issues
any UPDATE statements against the PURCHASE_ORDERS table. You aren't
concerned with the actual records changed, only with the fact that an UPDATE was
issued. Which of the following is the best approach?
A. Create a BEFORE OR AFTER UPDATE trigger FOR EACH ROW.
B. Create a BEFORE UPDATE trigger FOR EACH STATEMENT.
C. Create a BEFORE OR AFTER UPDATE trigger, and use a WHEN clause to
limit the firing.
D. It cannot be done.
42. Consider the following code sample:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER GB_FLAG
BEFORE DELETE ON GUEST_BOOKINGS
DECLARE
stop_it EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
IF TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'Dy') NOT IN ('Sat','Sun') THEN
COMMIT;
ELSE
RAISE stop_it;
END IF;
END;
/
Which of the following statements is true of this code?
A. It will produce a compilation error because of the attempt to declare an
exception.
B. It will not compile because there is no FOR EACH statement.
C. It will compile but will produce an execution error.
D. There is nothing wrong with this trigger.
43. An INSTEAD OF trigger can be used to: (Choose all that apply.)
A. Stop an UPDATE statement on a table according to the logic in the trigger
body.
B. Translate data on an INSERT statement to a table by using the
REFERENCING qualifiers.
C. Define how an INSERT statement will behave for a view.
D. Fire once for each statement on a view.
44. Which of the following can be included in the trigger body of an executable trigger?
(Choose all that apply.)
A. A user-defined variable defined with the %ROWTYPE declarative
B. A COMMIT statement
C. Calls to a stored procedure that contains a SAVEPOINT statement
D. An INSERT statement on the same table to which the trigger is assigned
45. You have created triggers with the following headers:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER PRODUCT_AUDIT

21

BEFORE DELETE ON PRODUCT

FOR EACH ROW
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER PRODUCT_VALIDATE
AFTER DELETE ON PRODUCT
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER PRODUCT_EDIT
BEFORE UPDATE OR DELETE ON PRODUCT
FOR EACH ROW
In which order will these triggers fire in response to a DELETE statement event?
A. PRODUCT_AUDIT, PRODUCT_VALIDATE, PRODUCT_EDIT
B. PRODUCT_VALIDATE, PRODUCT_AUDIT, PRODUCT_EDIT
C. PRODUCT_EDIT, PRODUCT_AUDIT, PRODUCT_VALIDATE
D. You cannot be sure of the order.
46. Which of the following is a valid conditional predicate? (Choose all that apply.)
A. INSERTING
B. SELECTING
C. CREATING
D. UPDATING
47. You have created a trigger. Where will you find the trigger code in the data dictionary?
A. The TEXT column of the USER_SOURCE view
B. The TRIGGER_TEXT column of the USER_TRIGGERS view
C. The TRIGGER_BODY column of the USER_TRIGGERS view
D. The TRIGGER_BODY column of the USER_SOURCE view
48. Consider the following trigger:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER MONITOR_INVENTORY
BEFORE INSERT ON INVENTORY
BEGIN
PROC_MONITOR_INVENTORY(SYSDATE);
END;
/
Assume the procedure PROC_MONITOR_INVENTORY is a valid procedure, and it is
properly called from this trigger. What is this trigger's level?
A. FOR EACH ROW
B. FOR EACH STATEMENT
C. FOR EACH ROW OR FOR EACH STATEMENT
D. This trigger won't compile.
49. Which of the following are valid statements? (Choose all that apply.)
A. ALTER TRIGGER TRIG_01 RECOMPILE
B. ALTER TRIGGER TRIG_01 ENABLE ALL
C. ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS
D. ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES ENABLE TRIGGERS
50. Which column of the USER_TRIGGERS data dictionary view displays the database
event that will fire the trigger?
A. TRIGGER_NAME

22

B. ACTION_TYPE
C. WHEN_CLAUSE
D. DESCRIPTION
Answers

41. B. Create a BEFORE UPDATE trigger FOR EACH STATEMENT

Explanation A is not true because you cannot create a BEFORE OR AFTER trigger. You can
only use either BEFORE or AFTER but not both in a single trigger. C is not good because the
WHEN clause is irrelevant here. D is just not true. C is the best answer because the FOR
EACH STATEMENT is the best option to use when you're unconcerned with the actual data
that is changed and are only concerned with issues related to whether the statement was
issued or not, which is the case in this question.
42. C. It will compile but will produce an execution error.
Explanation A is not true; you are able to declare and use your own exceptions in triggers. B
is not true because FOR EACH, if left out, will default to FOR EACH STATEMENT. D is not
true because there is something wrong. The problem that C alludes to is the use of the
COMMIT statement. The trigger will compile and store, but the first attempt to fire it will
produce an execution error because the use of COMMIT is not allowed.
43. C. Define how an INSERT statement will behave for a view.
Explanation Neither A or B can be true because the INSTEAD OF trigger only works with
database views, not database tables. D is not true because the INSTEAD OF cannot work
with FOR EACH STATEMENT triggers. C is the only answer that is true.
44. A. A user-defined variable defined with the %ROWTYPE declarative
Explanation B and C are not allowed because a trigger cannot include any transaction
statements. D is not allowed because of the restrictions involving mutating tablesyou cannot
change a table that is already in the process of being changed, such as the very table that
fired the trigger to begin with. Only A is allowed.
45. D. You cannot be sure of the order.
Explanation For a DELETE event, the firing order will be BEFORE DELETE FOR EACH
STATEMENT, BEFORE DELETE FOR EACH ROW, AFTER DELETE FOR EACH ROW,
AFTER DELETE FOR EACH STATEMENT. However, because two of these triggers apply to
the BEFORE DELETE FOR EACH ROW event (namely, PRODUCT_AUDIT and
PRODUCT_EDIT), then there is no way to know for sure which will be fired first. Ideally, those
two triggers should be rewritten if the firing order is significant.
46. A. INSERTING and D. UPDATING
Explanation The conditional predicates are INSERTING, UPDATING, and DELETING.
47. C. The TRIGGER_BODY column of the USER_TRIGGERS view
Explanation Trigger code is always found in USER_TRIGGERS, never in USER_SOURCE.
The LONG column TRIGGER_BODY contains the source code.
48. B. FOR EACH STATEMENT

23

Explanation Triggers are, by default, FOR EACH STATEMENT, unless specified as a FOR
EACH ROW. Remember that the reserved words FOR EACH STATEMENT are never actually
used.
49. C. ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS
Explanation A would be correct if the keyword COMPILE were used. B is incorrect; the
ENABLE ALL phrase is used with tables. D is missing the ALL reserved word. C is correct.
50. D. DESCRIPTION
Explanation Don't get irritated at me, the exam really has questions like this! The
DESRIPTION column combines information from many columns to display the trigger header,
including the database event. TRIGGER_NAME is the name of the trigger, ACTION_TYPE
only shows either PL/SQL or Call, and the WHEN_CLAUSE is the trigger's WHEN clause.

24

51. You have created a function called INVENTORY_QUEUE and stored it in the database
in a schema called DEPOT. Which of the following may now be successfully created in
the DEPOT schema? (Choose all that apply.)
A. A database trigger called INVENTORY_QUEUE
B. A stored package called MAINTENANCE containing a function called
INVENTORY_QUEUE
C. A stored package called INVENTORY_QUEUE containing a function called
MAINTENANCE
D. A stored procedure called INVENTORY_QUEUE
52. Consider the following code sample:
PROCEDURE COMPUTE_BONUS
IS
FETCH EMP.cur_employees INTO EMP.rec_employees;
DISTRIBUTE_BONUS(EMP.rec_employees.EMPLOYEE_ID,
EMP.v_bonus_rate);
END COMPUTE_BONUS;
Assuming all referenced objects are properly declared, which of the following can be
said about this code sample? (Choose all that apply.)
A. EMP is a package specification, and there is no package body.
B. EMP.cur_employees is definitely open before this code executes.
C. Another program unit could also issue a FETCH on EMP.cur_employees.
D. The procedure will not compile.
53. In the DEPOT schema, you have created a stored procedure with the following
header:
PROCEDURE BACK_ORDER(p_order_id IN NUMBER)
Which of the following procedures can now be stored in the DEPOT schema in
addition to the procedure you have just stored? (Choose all that apply.)
A. PROCEDURE BACK_ORDER(p_order_id IN VARCHAR2)
B. PROCEDURE BACK_ORDER(p_order_number IN NUMBER)
C. PROCEDURE BACK_ORDER(p_order_id IN NUMBER, p_order_date IN
DATE)
D. None of the above
54. In the DEPOT schema, you have created the following stored package specification:
PACKAGE WAREHOUSE AS
FUNCTION RESTOCK(p_product_id NUMBER) RETURN BOOLEAN;
END WAREHOUSE;
You decide to add an additional program unit to this package specification. Which of
the following function headers would be usable in the WAREHOUSE package as an
overloaded function?
A. FUNCTION RESTOCK(p_product_number NUMBER) RETURN BOOLEAN;
B. FUNCTION RESTOCK(p_product_id VARCHAR2) RETURN BOOLEAN;
C. FUNCTION RESTOCK(p_product_id INTEGER) RETURN BOOLEAN;
D. FUNCTION RESTOCK(p_product_id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2;

25

55. Which of the following are valid purity levels? (Choose all that apply.)
A. WPNS
B. WSDN
C. RDSN
D. WNDS
56. Consider the following package body:
PACKAGE BODY GUEST_TRACKING AS
CURSOR cur_cruises RETURN rec_cruises IS
SELECT CRUISE_ID, CRUISE_NAME
FROM

CRUISES;

BEGIN
SELECT FIRST_NAME || ', ' || LAST_NAME GUEST_NAME
INTO

GUEST_TRACKING.GUEST_NAME

FROM

GUESTS

WHERE

GUEST_ID = PARMS.guest_id;

END GUEST_TRACKING;
Assuming all referenced constructs are properly declared, which of the following
statements are true about this package body? (Choose all that apply.)
A. It will not compile.
B. It will not execute.
C. It should be assigned the RNPS purity level.
D. It cannot be assigned the RNPS purity level.
57. Which of the following are acceptable to include in the RETURN statement of a
CURSOR statement? (Choose all that apply.)
A. A programmer-defined record variable
B. A set of variables, in the same order of the columns that are in the SELECT
statement
C. A set of variables, in any order, as long as it has the same number of columns
in the SELECT statement
D. A programmer-defined type
58. Consider the following code sample:
PACKAGE BODY PARM_LIST AS
CURSOR cur_port RETURN rec_port_type
IS
SELECT

PORT_ID, PORT_NAME

FROM

PORTS

ORDER BY PORT_NAME;
END PARM_LIST;
Assuming any referenced constructs are properly declared, which of the following
statements are true about this code sample? (Choose all that apply.)
A. This is a package body.
B. The cursor cur_port is a public construct.
C. The cursor cur_port is a private construct.

26

D. The package body will not compile.

59. A stored procedure is able to execute which of the following program units, assuming
the proper privileges have been granted? (Choose all that apply.)
A. A packaged procedure stored in the database
B. A stored procedure on the client
C. A stored procedure in a library attached to an Oracle Form
D. A stored function in an Oracle Form, provided that the function is included in a
PL/SQL expression and not in a DML statement
60. Which of the following best describes PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES? (Choose
one.)
A. It empowers the function to perform operations it couldn't otherwise
accomplish.
B. It is an instruction to the PL/SQL run-time engine.
C. It documents a function's intended purpose.
D. It must be declared for all functions.
Answers

51. A, B. A: A database trigger called INVENTORY_QUEUE. B: A stored package called

MAINTENANCE containing a function called INVENTORY_QUEUE
Explanation C and D are not legal because they will both be created in the same namespace
as the function INVENTORY_QUEUE. A is allowed because triggers have their own
namespace in a schema, and B is allowed because packaged components have their own
namespace within the package.
52. C. Another program unit could also issue a FETCH on EMP.cur_employees.
Explanation A is not necessarily true; there's no way to tell from this example if there's a
package body for EMP or not. B is not necessarily true; in fact, it would be better to check for
the cursor status with an IF statement that checks to see if the cursor is open prior to issuing
the FETCH, using something like IF EMP%ISOPEN THEN. D is not true; the syntax of the
procedure is correct. C is truethe FETCH statement uses the packaged public cursor
EMP.cur_employees, and other program units are able to issue FETCH statements on this
same cursor.
53. D. None of the above
Explanation You cannot overload stand-alone procedures. You can only overload procedures
that are stored in a package. If you issue a CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE statement
to create any of the procedures with the headers shown in answers A, B, or C, this will result
in overwriting the original procedure.
54. B. FUNCTION RESTOCK(p_product_id VARCHAR2) RETURN BOOLEAN;
Explanation A is not acceptable because it merely renames the parameter name, and this
accomplishes nothing. The parameter datatype is the same, and the number of parameters in
the listoneis the same. C is not acceptable because INTEGER is still a numeric datatype,
and this is not considered a different datatype for the purposes of overloading. Because the
existing function already has a single parameter with a numeric datatype, the overloaded
module with a single parameter must use a datatype that is some sort of string or date. D is
not acceptable because it changes the RETURN type, and this does nothing to differentiate
the parameter list. B is correct because the single parameter has a string datatype of

27

VARCHAR2.
55. D. WNDS
Explanation The four purity levels are WNDS, RNDS, WNPS, and RNPS. The answers for A,
B, and C are all made up. But get ready for thatthe exam asks questions like this.
56. D. It cannot be assigned the RNPS purity level.
Explanation The reference to PARMS.guest_id in the package initialization section is a
packaged construct in another package. This package body would not compile successfully if
the RNPS purity level were asserted for this package initialization section.
57. D. A programmer-defined type
Explanation Even though a FETCH statement will fetch into a set of variables, the RETURN
statement doesn't accept them. A programmer-defined type or a %ROWTYPE declaration is
required.
58. A. This is a package body.
Explanation This is clearly a package body, according to the first line that declares it.
However, you cannot tell if the cursor is private or public from this declaration alone. You must
see the package specification to know for sure. If the cursor header is included in the package
specification, then it's public; otherwise, it's private. The package body syntax here is fine, so
D is wrong.
59. A. A packaged procedure stored in the database
Explanation A procedure that is stored in the database cannot call any client-side program
units.
60. C. It documents a function's intended purpose.
Explanation The PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES statement is a compiler directive and
has no bearing on the actual execution of the program unit that is restricted. It is not required
for any functions, but is highly recommended to avoid potential trouble with the execution of
functions, especially functions that will be invoked from within SQL statements or remote
databases.

28

61. Consider the following code sample:

DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT('Oracle ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Press');
DBMS_OUTPUT.NEW_LINE;
DBMS_OUTPUT.DISABLE;
After this block executes, what will the output buffer contain?
A. Oracle Press
B. The word "Oracle" on the first line and the word "Press" on the second line
C. Oracle Press\n
D. None of the above
62. Which of the following is not possible with DBMS_SQL?
A. Submit ALTER statements.
B. Issue SET commands to SQL*Plus to define a login session.
C. Issue UPDATE statements.
D. Issue CREATE TABLE statements.
63. Which of the following packages enable you to submit DDL statements to the
database? (Choose all that apply.)
A. DBMS_PIPE
B. DBMS_SQL
C. DBMS_OUTPUT
D. DBMS_DDL
64. Which of the following packages offers support for debugging?
A. DBMS_PIPE
B. DBMS_SQL
C. DBMS_OUTPUT
D. DBMS_DDL
65. Which of the following packages lets you send information directly into the program
unit of another user's login sessions without communicating directly with the
database?
A. DBMS_PIPE
B. DBMS_SQL
C. DBMS_OUTPUT
D. DBMS_DDL
66. Which of the following is a procedure found in DBMS_PIPE?
A. BIND_VARIABLE
B. PACK_MESSAGE
C. PACK_ITEM
D. EXECUTE
67. Which of the following enables you to issue SELECT statements to the database?
(Choose all that apply.)
A. DBMS_SQL
B. DBMS_DDL
C. DBMS_SELECT
D. A standard PL/SQL block

29

68. What can you not do with a batch job in the database?
A. Remove it from the queue.
B. Schedule it for a specific time and know that it will definitely execute at that
specific time no matter what.
C. Change its scheduled execution interval after it has already been submitted to
the queue.
D. Export it to another database.
69. What command in SQL*Plus causes the SQL*Plus interface to get information that
DBMS_OUTPUT sends to the output buffer and show it to the screen?
A. SET OUTPUT BUFFER ON
B. SET SERVER ON
C. SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
D. SET BUFFER ON
70. A pipe name created with DBMS_PIPE is unique to a
A. Procedure
B. Stored database procedure
C. Schema
D. Instance
Answers

61. D. None of the above

Explanation Before the DBMS_OUTPUT.DISABLE procedure call, the output buffer contains
the words "Oracle Press" on a single line followed by one blank line resulting from the
NEW_LINE procedure call. However, the DISABLE procedure has the effect of purging the
buffer and removing all of this information, which results in an empty buffer by the time the
block concludes execution.
62. B. Issue SET commands to SQL*Plus to define a login session.
Explanation You cannot use DBMS_SQL to issue commands to set session parameters in
SQL*Plus. You use it to issue SQL statements.
63. B, D. B: DBMS_SQL
D: DBMS_DDL
Explanation The DBMS_PIPE package sends messages to other schemas, but sends
nothing to the database. DBMS_OUTPUT sends output to the buffer. However, both
DBMS_SQL and DBMS_DDL enable you to send DDL statements to the database for
processing.
64. C. DBMS_OUTPUT
Explanation The original intent of the DBMS_OUTPUT package was to support debugging,
and it isn't really set up for anything elseeven though it prints output, its output buffer is
limited, making it a poor choice for formal report presentation. However, using it to print
statements of progress, the contents of variables, and such information provides standard,
although crude, support in debugging efforts.
65. A. DBMS_PIPE

30

Explanation This is exactly what DBMS_PIPE is designed to do. Sending messages through
pipes enables you to communicate directly with another session.
66. B. PACK_MESSAGE
Explanation BIND_VARIABLE and EXECUTE are DBMS_SQL procedures. PACK_ITEM is
not real.
67. A, D. A: DBMS_SQL D: A standard PL/SQL block
Explanation DBMS_SQL enables you to send any SQL statement, including SELECT
statements, to the database. Remember that you can do that with standard PL/SQL code
anyway. There is no Oracle-Corporation-supplied package as DBMS_SELECT at the time of
this writing, and DBMS_DDL only works with certain DDL statements.
68. B. Schedule it for a specific time and know that it will definitely execute at that specific time no
matter what.
Explanation The scheduled execution time is influenced by when the job queue wakes up
and looks for jobs to execute. This, in turn, is defined by the database initialization parameter
JOB_QUEUE_INTERVAL.
69. C. SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
Explanation The DBMS_OUTPUT package sends information to the output buffer, but
whether or not SQL*Plus displays this information on the screen depends on the SQL*Plus
session parameter SERVEROUTPUT, which must be ON. You can set any session parameter
value within SQL*Plus with the SET command; thus, it is SET SERVEROUTPUT ON.
70. D. Instance
Explanation The procedure UNIQUE_SESSION_NAME is specifically designed to assist in
the process of making sure you come up with a pipe name that is unique to a given instance.
Because multiple sessions within an instance can communicate with each other, the pipe
name must be global to the entire instance in order for the sessions to locate the pipe.

31

71. Which of the following is an SQL*Plus buffer editor command? (Choose all that apply.)
A. LIST
B. DELETE
C. 1
D. PUT
72. Consider the following code sample:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE ASSIGN_APP_NAME
(p_app_id IN VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
SELECT APP_NAME
INTO

PARMS.v_app_name

FROM

APP

WHERE

APP_ID = p_app_id;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Done');
END;
/
You submit this code to the SQL*Plus interface. What are the contents of the buffer?
(Choose the single best answer.)
A. It depends on whether this procedure compiled successfully or not.
B. SELECT APP_NAME INTO PARMS.v_app_name FROM APP WHERE APP_ID
= p_app_id
C. DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(Done);
D. The entire statement, from CREATE to END;
73. You have used a text editor to save the CREATE PROCEDURE
ASSIGN_APP_NAME statement from Question 2 in a single text file. Which of the
following commands can be used from within SQL*Plus to load the contents of this
file? (Choose all that apply.)
A. EXEC
B. RUN
C. GET
D. START
74. In the Object Navigator, when an asterisk appears to the right of the name of a
program unit, what does it indicate? (Choose all that apply.)
A. The program unit is on the client side.
B. The program unit is not valid, and needs to be compiled.
C. The program unit is a function.
D. The program unit includes parameters.
75. In Procedure Builder's Object Navigator, what does the References node display for a
given program unit?
A. Other program units that reference this program unit.
B. Program units that this program unit references.
C. A list of online help resources for programming in PL/SQL.
D. There is no such node.
76. In Procedure Builder's Object Navigator, you expand the Database Objects node and

32

discover four subnodes. Which of the following statements are true? (Choose all that
apply.)
A. There are four tables in the schema.
B. There are four schemas in the database.
C. Procedure Builder is not connected to the database.
D. Procedure Builder is connected to the database.
77. In the Procedure Builder Object Navigator, the difference between the nodes PL/SQL
Libraries and Attached Libraries is that
A. You can edit PL/SQL Libraries, but you cannot edit Attached Libraries.
B. You can execute PL/SQL Libraries, but you cannot execute Attached Libraries.
C. PL/SQL Libraries are on the client and Attached Libraries are on the server.
D. There is no difference.
78. You can use Procedure Builder to move program units ____________. (Choose all
that apply.)
A. From one schema in the database to another schema in the database
B. From one attached library on the client to a schema in the database
C. From one attached library on the client to another attached library on the client
D. From one schema in the database to an attached library on the client
79. When Not Compiled in the lower-right corner of the PL/SQL Editor appears, this
indicates that
A. The program unit in the editor has never been compiled.
B. The code in the program unit cannot be compiled.
C. You just attempted to compile the program unit, but the attempt was
unsuccessful.
D. None of the above.
80. You can use Procedure Builder to create the following:
A. Database triggers
B. Package specifications
C. Stored functions
D. Client-side procedures in a library
Answers

71. A, C. LIST and 1

Explanation The LIST command is correct; this will display the contents of the buffer. The
DELETE command is oh so wrongbe very careful on this. DELETE, remember, is an SQL
command. DEL is the buffer command. The answer 1 is correct; this will redirect the current
line to the first line in the buffer editor. PUT is wrong.
72. D. The entire statement, from CREATE to END;
Explanation Even if the procedure doesn't compile correctly, the entire CREATE
PROCEDURE will overwrite whatever may have been in the buffer editor before and be
completely retained in the buffer until another SQL statement is issued.
73. C, D. GET and START
Explanation EXEC is used to execute stored procedures that are already stored in the
database. RUN can be used to run the contents of the buffer, but will not load a file into the

33

buffer. GET will load a file and will perform successfully if the file contains one single
statement, which this file will contain. START can be used to load and execute any file
containing one or more SQL statements.
74. B. The program unit is not valid, and needs to be compiled.
Explanation The asterisk means that the program unit has a STATUS of INVALID. It doesn't
matter if the program unit is a function or if it has parameters.
75. B. Program units that this program unit references
Explanation The References node shows program units that this particular program unit
references, such as procedures and functions and packages that it invokes.
76. B, D. B: There are four schemas in the database. D: Procedure Builder is connected to the
database.
Explanation The Database Objects node will not be activated at all unless Procedure Builder
is connected to the database. When you expand Database Objects, you are first presented
with an alphabetic list of schemas. You don't find tables until you expand the schema nodes.
77. A. You can edit PL/SQL Libraries, but you cannot edit Attached Libraries.
Explanation Any PL/SQL library can be included under either node. You can even open a
single library under both nodes simultaneously. The PL/SQL Library is where a library appears
that you have opened for editing. The Attached Libraries node is where a library appears that
you have attached for execution.
78. A, B, C, D. A: From one schema in the database to another schema in the database B: From
one attached library on the client to a schema in the database C: From one attached library
on the client to another attached library on the client D: From one schema in the database to
an attached library on the client
Explanation All are trueall can be displayed in the Object Navigator so they all will support
the capability to copy a program unit from one location to the other.
79. D. None of the above.
Explanation The Not Compiled message means that the code has not been compiled since it
was last changed. A change could consist of one blank space typed in a comment. If a
compilation was just attempted and was unsuccessful, Compiled with Errors will appear.
80. A, B, C, D. A: Database triggers B: Package specifications C: Stored functions D: Client-side
procedures in a library
Explanation You can create them all!

34

81. What is a breakpoint?

A. The location of any error where your program unit breaks
B. An unrecoverable error where your program unit breaks
C. A location in your code that you choose to suspend execution
D. A bookmarked location where you choose to stop editing your code temporarily
to take a break
82. How many breakpoints can exist in a given program unit?
A. One
B. Two
C. As many as there are executable lines of code
D. As many as there are program unit calls
83. The PL/SQL Interpreter is capable of displaying how many panes?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
84. You have a procedure called PROCESS_PAYROLL, which calls another procedure
PERFORM_AUDIT, which in turn calls a third procedure
CHECK_ACCOUNT_RECORD. You place a breakpoint in the PROCESS_PAYROLL
procedure and have stepped through to line number 56 of
CHECK_ACCOUNT_RECORD. How many program unit nodes display in the stack?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
85. You have a procedure called PROCESS_PAYROLL, which calls another procedure
PERFORM_AUDIT, which in turn calls a third procedure
CHECK_ACCOUNT_RECORD. You place a breakpoint in the PROCESS_PAYROLL
procedure and have stepped through to line number 56 of
CHECK_ACCOUNT_RECORD. There is a line number displayed in the Stack node
next to the entry for PERFORM_AUDIT. What does this line number represent?
A. The line number of the breakpoint in PERFORM_AUDIT
B. The line number of the procedure call to CHECK_ACCOUNT_RECORD
C. The total number of lines in PERFORM_AUDIT
D. The line number of the procedure call to PERFORM_AUDIT
86. Which built-in function displays the Oracle error message?
A. SQLERRM
B. SQLERRORMESSAGE
C. SQLERROR
D. SQLERRMESSAGE
87. How do you begin execution in the PL/SQL Interpreter?
A. Click on the lightening bolt button.
B. Click on the Step Into button.
C. Type the name of the program unit in the Interpreter Pane.
D. Type Go in the Interpreter Pane.
88. In the debugger, what does the yellow arrow represent?
A. A breakpoint

35

B. The next executable line

C. A line containing an error
D. The line that just executed
89. In the PL/SQL Interpreter Source Pane, what does the presence of a red dot next to a
line number indicate?
A. An error
B. A breakpoint
C. The line that was just executed
D. A call to a program unit
90. You can create breakpoints on __________. (Choose all that apply.)
A. Stored procedures
B. Packaged functions
C. Client-side procedures
D. Stored functions
Answers

81. C. A location in your code that you choose to suspend execution

Explanation You set the breakpoint during a debug session.
82. C. As many as there are executable lines of code
Explanation You can create breakpoints on any statement and can include as many as you
want.
83. C. Three
Explanation The PL/SQL Interpreter shows the Source Pane and the Interpreter Pane when
first displayed, but it can optionally display the Navigator Pane if you direct it do so, using the
pull-down menu option View.
84. C. Three
Explanation The Stack node displays each program unit's call to the other. All three program
units display in the Stack.
85. B. The line number of the procedure call to CHECK_ACCOUNT_RECORD
Explanation The line number displayed is the last line executed in that particular procedure,
and given that we're currently in a subprogram, that last line executed had to have been the
subprogram invocation.
86. A. SQLERRM
Explanation This built-in can be used in your code to obtain an error message, within an
exception handler, to print to the screen or insert into your application's error tracking table.
The other answers are all made up.
87. C. Type the name of the program unit in the Interpreter Pane.
Explanation The lightening bolt button is the Go button, which resumes execution after a
debugging session. The Step Into button continues the statement-by-statement execution

36

within a debug session. C is the answer.

88. B. The next executable line
Explanation The yellow arrow points to the current line, which is the next executable line in
the debugger. This line has not yet executed, but if you click the Step Into button, the current
line will execute right away.
89. B. A breakpoint
Explanation All breakpoints have a red dot to the left of the breakpoint and a B(n) overlaying
the line number, where n represents the number of the breakpoint.
90. A, B, C, D. A: Stored procedures B: Packaged functions C: Client-side procedures D: Stored
functions
Explanation You can create breakpoints on any PL/SQL program unit.

Regards
[email protected]

37