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Hydraulic Systems Explained

The hydraulic press works using two cylinders connected by pipes and filled with liquid. One cylinder has a smaller piston and the other a larger piston. Pressure applied to the smaller piston is transmitted undiminished through the liquid to the larger piston, exerting a force proportional to the difference in piston areas. Although the pressure is the same, the total force is multiplied based on the area ratio. The smaller piston moves farther than the larger piston, satisfying the law of conservation of energy. Hydraulic presses are used to form sheet metal and compress large objects.

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74 views2 pages

Hydraulic Systems Explained

The hydraulic press works using two cylinders connected by pipes and filled with liquid. One cylinder has a smaller piston and the other a larger piston. Pressure applied to the smaller piston is transmitted undiminished through the liquid to the larger piston, exerting a force proportional to the difference in piston areas. Although the pressure is the same, the total force is multiplied based on the area ratio. The smaller piston moves farther than the larger piston, satisfying the law of conservation of energy. Hydraulic presses are used to form sheet metal and compress large objects.

Uploaded by

shekhar singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q- How does the hydraulic press work?

The hydraulic press, or hydrostatic press, was invented by Joseph Bramah


and is therefore sometimes called the Bramah press. It consists essentially of
two cylinders each filled with liquid and each fitted with a piston; the
cylinders are connected by a pipe also filled with the liquid. One cylinder is
of small diameter, the other of large diameter. According to Pascal's law ,
pressure exerted on the smaller piston is transmitted undiminished through
the liquid to the surface of the larger piston, which is forced upward.
Although the pressure (force per unit of area) is the same for both pistons,
the total upward force on the larger piston is as many times greater than the
force on the smaller piston as the area of the larger piston is greater than the
area of the smaller piston. If, for example, the smaller piston has an area of 2
sq in. and a force of 100 lb is exerted on it, then the force on the larger
piston having an area of 50 sq in. would be 2,500 lb (100 50/2 =2,500).
However, when the pistons move, the distance the smaller piston travels is
proportionately greater than the distance the larger piston travels, satisfying
the law of conservation of energy. If the smaller piston moves 25 in., the
larger one will only move 1 in. The hydraulic press is used, for example, to
form three-dimensional objects from sheet metal and plastics and to
compress large objects.

Q-How does the hydraulic jack work?


The hydraulic jack, also an application of Pascal's law, is used
to exert large forces or to lift heavy loads. Like the
hydraulic press it consists essentially of two different-sized
pistons contained in cylinders that are connected by a pipe.
When the smaller piston is moved back and forth by a
handle connected to it, it pumps a liquid into the cylinder of
the larger piston, forcing the larger piston to move. In this
way a weak force applied to the smaller piston can raise a
heavy load on the larger one.

Q- How is water power produced?


Water falling from one level to a lower one is used to drive
machines like the water wheel and the turbine . The difference in
height between the highest and the lowest level is called the head.
The amount of work produced per pound of falling water is
proportional to the head. Water power can be produced in this way
from many natural sources, such as waterfalls and dammed rivers.
Where no natural sources are available, an artificial reservoir can
be made.

Q-What is the accumulator used for?


In driving certain industrial hydraulic machines an apparatus called
an accumulator is employed to supply high power for short periods
of time. One type consists essentially of a cylinder enclosing a
piston loaded with weights. When water is slowly pumped into the
cylinder, the piston and weights are forced up to a position where
they are held. When they are released, they force the water out of
the cylinder rapidly, providing the machine with hydraulic power.
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