STEP 1: Determination of the representative overvoltages (Urp)
Us =
1.0 p.u =
Power-frecuency Voltage
24.0 Kv phase-to-phase
19.6 Kv (crest)
Temporary overvoltages
Earth faults
Earth-fault factor: k =
1.4
Urp(p-e) en KV =
19.40
Load rejection
Max. Overvoltage en p.u =
1.4
Urp(p-e) en KV =
Urp(p-p) en KV =
19.40
33.60
Resulting representative overvolteges
Phase-to-phase : Urp(p-p) =
19.40 Kv
Phase-to-earth : Urp(p-e) =
33.60 Kv
Slow-front overvoltages
Overvolteges originating from station 1
Overvolteges originating from station 2
Capacitor
switching
Re-energization
Energization and re-energization
Ue2 en p.u =
Up2 en p.u =
2.9
4.35
Ue2 en p.u =
Up2 en p.u =
2.5
3.75
Ue2 en p.u =
Up2 en p.u =
2.6
4.34
Uet en p.u =
Upt en p.u =
3.38
5.008
Uet en p.u =
Upt en p.u =
2.88
4.258
Uet en p.u =
Upt en p.u =
3.00
4.995
Uet en Kv =
U en K
Upt
Kv =
66.136
98
98.127
12
Uet en Kv =
Upt
U en Kv
K =
56.338
83.43
83 43
Uet en Kv =
U en Kv
K =
Upt
58.788
97.88
9 88
Arresters at line entrance and near transformers :
45
Ups en Kv =
Upl en Kv =
For other equipment
For Line entrance equipment
With or without capacitor switching
Uet > Ups Upt > 2 Ups
Capacitor switching at station 2
No
Phase-to-earth : Urp = Ups =
Phase-to-phase : Urp = 2Ups =
Fast-front overvoltages
54
45 Kv
90 Kv
Urp(p-e) =
Urp(p-p) =
Yes
45 Kv
97.88 Kv
Urp(p-e) =
Urp(p-p) =
Evaluated in step 2
45 Kv
90 Kv
STEP 2: Determination of the coordination withstand voltages (Ucw)
Kc Factor =
Temporary overvoltage
Phase to earth en Kv : Ucw = Kc x Urp =
Phase to phase en Kv: Ucw = Kc x Urp =
19.40
33.6
Slow-front overvoltage
Deterministic metod used = Kcd factor
Line entrance equipement (external insulation only)
Phase to earth
Other equipment
Phase to phase
Phase to earth
Phase to phase
a) Ups/Ue2 =
b) Ups/Ue2 =
0.79
0.92
a) 2Ups/Up2 =
b) 2Ups/Up2 =
1.06
1.22
1) Ups/Ue2 =
2) Ups/Ue2 =
0.92
0.88
1) 2Ups/Up2 =
2) 2Ups/Up2 =
1.225
1.06
a) Kd =
b) Kd =
1.08
0.00
a) Kd =
b) Kd =
1.00
0.00
1) Kcd =
2) Kcd =
0
1.06
1) Kcd =
2) Kcd =
0.00
1.00
Retained value :
Kcd =
1.08
Retained value :
1.08
1) kcd =
0.00
2) kcd =
Ucw = Kcd x Urp
Ucw (KV)=
48.38
Ucw = Kcd x Urp
Ucw (KV)=
90
a) From reenergization at station 2
b) From capacitor swithing at station 2
1) Ucw =
2) Ucw =
Parameter A =
Span length Lsp =
Outage rate
Rkm =
Acceptable failure rate Ra =
Arrester Lightning protection level : Upl =
Max. Separation from internal insulation: L =
Max. Separation from external insulation: L =
U cw U pl
0.00
97.88
Simplified statical method used
Data from experience
performance required
Ucw
Ucw
1) Ucw =
2) Ucw =
1) With capacitor switching at station 2
2) Without capacitor switching at station 2
Fast-front overvoltages
Internal insulation :
External Insulation :
48.38
0.00
76.27 Kv
95.75 Kv
A
L
*
n Lsp La
n=
1
n = Numero de lineas conectadas a la Subestacion
54 Kv
8m
15 m
La =
900
100 m
0.03 Km/year
0.0067 Years
223.33 m
Step 3 : Determination of the required withstand voltages (Urw)
Internal insulation :
External insulation :
Safety factor
Atmospheric correction factor
Power - frequency withstand
Phase to earth
Phase to phase
m= 1
m = 0.5
Ka = 1.5497
Ka = 1.2449
Required withstand voltages
Temporary overvoltage withstand
Phase to earth
Phase to phase
Internal
Insulation
22.31 Kv
Internal
Insulation
38.64 Kv
External
I
l i
Insulation
25.36 kv
External
I
l i
Insulation
43.92 kv
Ka e
m=
H=
0.8
3570
Ka =
1.4197
Phase to phase
3570
Phase to earth
Phase to phase
m= 1
Ka = 1.550
Internal insulation :
External insulation :
Lighting impulse withstand
m= 1
Switching impulse withstand
Ka = 1.5497
Urw = Ucw x Ks
Urw = Ucw x Ks x Ka
Lighting impulse withstand
Phase to earth
Phase to phase
Phase to earth
Phase to phase
Line entrance
equipment
Line entrance
equipment
Internal
Insulation
87.71 Kv
Internal
Insulation
87.71 Kv
External
Insulation
8 1 Kv
K
78.71
External
Insulation
146 44 Kv
K
146.44
External
I
l i
Insulation
155.80 kv
External
I
l i
Insulation
155.80 kv
Other
equipment
H
m.
8150
1.15
1.05
Altitude H =
Switching impulse withstand
Phase to earth
Ks =
Ks =
Other
equipment
Internal
Insulation
1) 55.63 kv
2)
0.00 kv
Internal
Insulation
1)
0.00 kv
2) 112.56 kv
External
Insulation
1) 78.71 kv
2)
0.00 kv
External
Insulation
1)
0.00 kv
2) 159.27 kv
1) With capacitor switching at station 2
2) Without capacitor switching at station 2
Step 4 : Conversion to withstand voltages normalized for range I
Conversion of switching impulse withstand
Voltages to short-duration power.frequency
withstand voltages
Conversion factors
External insulation :
- phase to earth
0.6 + Urw/8500
- phase to phase
0.6 + Urw/12700
Internal insulation :
- phase to earth
0.5
- phase to phase
0.5
Conversion of switching impulse withstand
Voltages to lightning impulse
withstand voltages
Conversion factors
External insulation :
- phase to earth
1.3
- phase to phase
1.05 + Urw/9000
Internal insulation :
- phase to earth
1.1
- phase to phase
1.1
Line entrance
equipment
other
equipment
Line entrance
equipment
other
equipment
External insulation
- phase to earth
47.96 Kv
External Insulation
- phase to earth
47.96 Kv
1)
2)
0.00 Kv
External insulation
- phase to earth
102.33 Kv
External Insulation
- phase to earth
102.33 Kv
1)
2)
0.00 Kv
- phase to phase
89.55 Kv
- phase to phase
0.00 Kv
1)
97.56 Kv
2)
- phase to phase
156.15 Kv
- phase to phase
1)
0.00 Kv
2)
170.05 Kv
Internal Insulation
- phase to earth
1)
27.82 Kv
2)
0.00 Kv
Internal Insulation
- phase to earth
1)
61.19 Kv
2)
0.00 Kv
- phase to phase
1)
0.00 Kv
2)
56.28 Kv
- phase to phase
1)
0.00 Kv
2)
123.82 Kv
RESUMEN DE LAS TENSIONES DE SOPORTABILIDAD REQUERIDAS
KV r.m.s para
Frecuencia industrial
Kv Pico para impulsos
de maniobra y rayo
Frecuencia Fase - Tierra
Industrial
Fase - Fase
Impulso de Fase - Tierra
Maniobra
Fase - Fase
Impulso
Fase - Tierra
Atmosferico Fase - Fase
Aislamiento externo
Equipos entrada
Otros equipos
de linea
Urw
Urw(s)
Urw
Urw(s)
47.96
25.36
0.00
25.36
43.92
89.55
43.92
97.56
0.00
78.71
(1)
(1)
146.44
159.27
102.33
155.80
155.80
155.80
155.80
156.15
Aislamiento interno
Urw(s)
22.31
38.64
0.00
112.56
87.71
87.71
Urw
0.00
56.28
(1)
0.00
123.82
De acuerdo a la tabla 2 de la Norma IEC 60071-1 se selecciona valores normalizados de aislamiento
que cubriran cualquier aislamiento externo e interno fase-fase y fase-tierra.
Para el aislamiento de equipos en S.U. 22.9 kV se selecciona las siguientes tensiones de soportabilidad
* 70 kV Para tensiones de soportabilidad de corta duracion a frecuencia industrial
* 170 kV Para tensiones de soportabilidad al impulso atmosferico
