250 Index
Neutrons. See also Electrons; Protons; Quarks
antimatter, 161
Big Bang theory, 186
importance of, 163
isotopes, 134
origins of discovery, 16364
weak and strong force, 172
Newton, Isaac
air pressure, 17
law of falling objects, 9
laws of motion, 3132
universal gravitation, 2324
Nitrogen cycle
ecosystems, 169
Nitrous oxide
anesthesia, 58
electrochemical bonding, 61
Nonlinear model equations
nature of the atmosphere, 202
Nuclear bomb
Big Bang theory, 186
E = mc2, 11112
fission, 179
neutrons, 163
Nuclear energy
E = mc2, 11112
fission, 17879
fusion, 19293
quantum theory, 14849
speed of light, 156
Nuclear fission
importance of, 178
origins of discovery, 17879
Nucleus. See also Atomic bonding; Cell
structure; Cells
isotopes, 13334
mitochondria, 103
neutrons, 16364
Uncertainty Principle, 153
Nutrition
vitamins, 11718
Oceans, effects on weather. See also Deep-sea
life
importance of, 40
origins of discovery, 4041
Oersted, Hans
electromagnetism, 6566
Onnes, Heike Kamerlingh
superconductivity, 12830
Order in nature
importance of, 33
origins of discovery, 3334
Organelles
cell structure, 166
mitochondria, 103
Origin of Species
theory of evolution, 80
Origins of life
importance of, 194
origins of discovery, 19495
Original Theory on New Hypothesis of the
Universe, An, 37
Oxidation
nature of heat, 49
Oxygen. See also Gas; Photosynthesis
atmospheric layers, 107
importance of, 43
metabolism, 17475
origins of discovery, 4344
Paleontology. See also Anthropology;
Nature of dinosaurs
dinosaur fossils, 67
theory of evolution, 79
Pancreas
insulin, 142
Pangaea, 139
Particle physics. See also Elementary
particles; Subatomic particles
electrons, 1012
Pasteur, Louis
bacteria, 30
germ theory, 7778
Pasteurization, 7778
Penicillin
antibiotics, 124
importance of, 158
origins of discovery, 15859
Periodic Chart of the Elements
importance of, 90
isotopes, 133
origins of discovery, 9091
Perlmutter, Saul
accelerating universe, 21819
Pharmacology
antibiotics, 12425
neurotransmitters, 145
Phlogiston, 49
Phosphates
metabolism, 175
Index 251
Photochemistry
atomic light signatures, 82
Photons
E = mc2, 111
Photosynthesis. See also Oxygen; Plants
importance of, 45
origins of discovery, 4546
Physics. See also Atomic bonding; E = mc2;
Energy and matter; Geophysics; Particle
physics; Quantum physics; Quantum
theory; Speed of light; Theory of
relativity; Uncertainty Principle
antimatter, 16061
atoms, 5960
Big Bang theory, 18586
dark matter, 21112
electromagnetic radiation/radio waves,
8384
isotopes, 13334
nuclear fission, 17879
radioactivity, 1056
superconductivity, 12829
weak and strong force, 17172
Physiology. See Antibiotics; Circulatory
system; Hormones; Human anatomy;
Vitamins
Pi-mesons
weak and strong force, 172
Pistons
Boyles Law, 1920
Pitchblende, 105
Plague
vaccinations, 5354
Planetary motion. See also Galaxies; Law of
falling objects; Laws of motion
importance of, 11
origins of discovery, 1112
tables of calculations, 12
Planets. See Existence of planets around other
stars
Plants. See also Algae; Animals; Ecosystems;
Photosynthesis
bacteria, 29
complete evolution, 209
continental drift, 138
deep-sea life, 8889
order in nature, 3334
radioactive dating, 11920
theory of evolution, 7980
Plasma. See Blood plasma
Plate tectonics. See also Continental drift;
Seafloor spreading
fault lines, 12627
Polonium, 1056
Positrons
antimatter, 161
Potassium
electrochemical bonding, 6162
Priestley, Joseph
oxygen, 4344
Principia, 32
Prism
atomic light signatures, 82
Protein molecules
vitamins, 118
Proton-electrons
neutrons, 16364
Protons. See also Electrons; Quarks
antimatter, 16061
Big Bang theory, 186
isotopes, 13334
nuclear fission, 17879
quantum theory, 14849
Uncertainty Principle, 153
weak and strong force, 17172
Protozoa, 29
Ptolemy
Jupiters moons, 13
law of falling objects, 9
Ptolemys model, 56
Pulsars. See Quasars and pulsars
Pure air. See also Oxygen
matter, 47
Quanta
atomic bonding, 132
E = mc2, 111
Quantum electrodynamics
antimatter, 160
Quantum mechanics
antimatter, 16061
quantum theory, 14849
Quantum physics
antimatter, 160
strangeness, 204
weak and strong force, 171
Quantum theory
Big Bang theory, 186
importance of, 148
origins of discovery, 14849
superconductivity, 129
